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   Panama
         n 1: a republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence
               from Colombia in 1903 [syn: {Panama}, {Republic of Panama}]
         2: a stiff hat made of straw with a flat crown [syn: {boater},
            {leghorn}, {Panama}, {Panama hat}, {sailor}, {skimmer},
            {straw hat}]

English Dictionary: pennon by the DICT Development Group
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Panini
n
  1. Indian grammarian whose grammatical rules for Sanskrit are the first known example of descriptive linguistics (circa 400 BC)
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
paynim
n
  1. a heathen; a person who is not a Christian (especially a Muslim)
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
pen name
n
  1. an author's pseudonym
    Synonym(s): pen name, nom de plume
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
penman
n
  1. informal terms for journalists [syn: scribe, scribbler, penman]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
pennon
n
  1. a long flag; often tapering [syn: pennant, pennon, streamer, waft]
  2. wing of a bird
    Synonym(s): pennon, pinion
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
phone-in
n
  1. a program in which the audience participates by telephone
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
phoneme
n
  1. (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
pin money
n
  1. cash for day-to-day spending on incidental expenses [syn: pocket money, pin money, spending money]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
pinion
n
  1. a gear with a small number of teeth designed to mesh with a larger wheel or rack
  2. any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird
    Synonym(s): flight feather, pinion, quill, quill feather
  3. wing of a bird
    Synonym(s): pennon, pinion
v
  1. bind the arms of
    Synonym(s): pinion, shackle
  2. cut the wings off (of birds)
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
pinon
n
  1. any of several low-growing pines of western North America
    Synonym(s): pinon, pinyon
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
pinyon
n
  1. any of several low-growing pines of western North America
    Synonym(s): pinon, pinyon
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Corallin \Cor"al*lin\, n. [So named in allusion to the color of
      red corallin, fr. L. corallum coral.] (Chem.)
      A yellow coal-tar dyestuff which probably consists chiefly of
      rosolic acid. See {Aurin}, and {Rosolic acid} under
      {Rosolic}.
  
      {Red corallin}, a red dyestuff which is obtained by treating
            aurin or rosolic acid with ammonia; -- called also
            {p[91]onin}.
  
      {Yellow corallin}. See {Aurin}.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   P91onine \P[91]"o*nine\ (p[emac]"[osl]*n[icr]n), n. (Chem.)
      An artifical red nitrogenous dyestuff, called also {red
      coralline}.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Painim \Pai"nim\, n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF.
      paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See {Paganism}, {Pagan}.]
      A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also
      {panim} and {paynim}.] --Peacham.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Painim \Pai"nim\, n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF.
      paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See {Paganism}, {Pagan}.]
      A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also
      {panim} and {paynim}.] --Peacham.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Panim \Pa"nim\, n.
      See {Painim}. [Obs.] --Milton.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Painim \Pai"nim\, n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF.
      paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See {Paganism}, {Pagan}.]
      A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also
      {panim} and {paynim}.] --Peacham.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Panim \Pa"nim\, n.
      See {Painim}. [Obs.] --Milton.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Panym \Pa"nym\, n. & a.
      See {Panim}. [Obs.]

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Payndemain \Payn`de*main"\, n. [OF. pain bread + demaine
      manorial, lordly, own, private. See {Payn}, and {Demesne}.
      Said to be so called from the figure of our Lord impressed
      upon it.]
      The finest and whitest bread made in the Middle Ages; --
      called also {paynemain}, {payman}. [Obs.]

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Painim \Pai"nim\, n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF.
      paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See {Paganism}, {Pagan}.]
      A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also
      {panim} and {paynim}.] --Peacham.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Paynim \Pay"nim\, n. & a.
      See {Painim}.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Painim \Pai"nim\, n.[OE. painime pagans, paganism, fr. OF.
      paienisme paganism, LL. paganismus. See {Paganism}, {Pagan}.]
      A pagan; an infidel; -- used also adjectively. [Written also
      {panim} and {paynim}.] --Peacham.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Paynim \Pay"nim\, n. & a.
      See {Painim}.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Name \Name\, n. [AS. nama; akin to D. naam, OS. & OHG. namo, G.
      name, Icel. nafn, for namn, Dan. navn, Sw. namn, Goth.
      nam[omac], L. nomen (perh. influenced by noscere, gnoscere,
      to learn to know), Gr. 'o`mona, Scr. n[be]man. [root]267. Cf.
      {Anonymous}, {Ignominy}, {Misnomer}, {Nominal}, {Noun}.]
      1. The title by which any person or thing is known or
            designated; a distinctive specific appellation, whether of
            an individual or a class.
  
                     Whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that
                     was the name thereof.                        --Gen. ii. 19.
  
                     What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any
                     other name would smell as sweet.         --Shak.
  
      2. A descriptive or qualifying appellation given to a person
            or thing, on account of a character or acts.
  
                     His name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The
                     mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of
                     Peace.                                                --Is. ix. 6.
  
      3. Reputed character; reputation, good or bad; estimation;
            fame; especially, illustrious character or fame; honorable
            estimation; distinction.
  
                     What men of name resort to him?         --Shak.
  
                     Far above . . . every name that is named, not only
                     in this world, but also in that which is to come.
                                                                              --Eph. i. 21.
  
                     I will get me a name and honor in the kingdom. --1
                                                                              Macc. iii. 14.
  
                     He hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin.
                                                                              --Deut. xxii.
                                                                              19.
  
                     The king's army . . . had left no good name behind.
                                                                              --Clarendon.
  
      4. Those of a certain name; a race; a family.
  
                     The ministers of the republic, mortal enemies of his
                     name, came every day to pay their feigned
                     civilities.                                       --Motley.
  
      5. A person, an individual. [Poetic]
  
                     They list with women each degenerate name. --Dryden.
  
      {Christian name}.
            (a) The name a person receives at baptism, as
                  distinguished from {surname}; baptismal name.
            (b) A given name, whether received at baptism or not.
  
      {Given name}. See under {Given}.
  
      {In name}, in profession, or by title only; not in reality;
            as, a friend in name.
  
      {In the name of}.
            (a) In behalf of; by the authority of. [bd] I charge you
                  in the duke's name to obey me.[b8]         --Shak.
            (b) In the represented or assumed character of. [bd]I'll
                  to him again in name of Brook.[b8]         --Shak.
  
      {Name plate}, a plate as of metal, glass, etc., having a name
            upon it, as a sign; a doorplate.
  
      {Pen name}, a name assumed by an author; a pseudonym or nom
            de plume. --Bayard Taylor.
  
      {Proper name} (Gram.), a name applied to a particular person,
            place, or thing.
  
      {To call names}, to apply opprobrious epithets to; to call by
            reproachful appellations.
  
      {To take a name in vain}, to use a name lightly or profanely;
            to use a name in making flippant or dishonest oaths. --Ex.
            xx. 7.
  
      Syn: Appellation; title; designation; cognomen; denomination;
               epithet.
  
      Usage: {Name}, {Appellation}, {Title}, {Denomination}. Name
                  is generic, denoting that combination of sounds or
                  letters by which a person or thing is known and
                  distinguished. Appellation, although sometimes put for
                  name simply, denotes, more properly, a descriptive
                  term, used by way of marking some individual
                  peculiarity or characteristic; as, Charles the Bold,
                  Philip the Stammerer. A title is a term employed to
                  point out one's rank, office, etc.; as, the Duke of
                  Bedford, Paul the Apostle, etc. Denomination is to
                  particular bodies what appellation is to individuals;
                  thus, the church of Christ is divided into different
                  denominations, as Congregationalists, Episcopalians,
                  Presbyterians, etc.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
  
  
      {Bow pen}. See {Bow-pen}.
  
      {Dotting pen}, a pen for drawing dotted lines.
  
      {Drawing}, [or] {Ruling}, {pen}, a pen for ruling lines
            having a pair of blades between which the ink is
            contained.
  
      {Fountain pen}, {Geometric pen}. See under {Fountain}, and
            {Geometric}.
  
      {Music pen}, a pen having five points for drawing the five
            lines of the staff.
  
      {Pen and ink}, [or] {pen-and-ink}, executed or done with a
            pen and ink; as, a pen and ink sketch.
  
      {Pen feather}. A pin feather. [Obs.]
  
      {Pen name}. See under {Name}.
  
      {Sea pen} (Zo[94]l.), a pennatula. [Usually written
            {sea-pen}.]

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Penman \Pen"man\, n.; pl. {Penmen}.
      1. One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the
            use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.
  
      2. An author; a composer. --South.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Penman \Pen"man\, n.; pl. {Penmen}.
      1. One who uses the pen; a writer; esp., one skilled in the
            use of the pen; a calligrapher; a writing master.
  
      2. An author; a composer. --South.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pennon \Pen"non\, n. [Cf. {Pinion}.]
      A wing; a pinion. --Milton.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pennon \Pen"non\, n. [See {Pennant}.]
      A pennant; a flag or streamer. --Longfellow.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Fanon \Fan"on\, n. [F. fanon, LL. fano, fr. OHG. fano banner
      cloth, G. fahne banner. See {Vane}, and cf. {Fanion},
      {Gonfalon}.] (Eccl.)
      A term applied to various articles, as:
      (a) A peculiar striped scarf worn by the pope at mass, and by
            eastern bishops.
      (b) A maniple. [Written also {fannel}, {phanon}, etc.]

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pieman \Pie"man\, n.; pl. {Piemen}.
      A man who makes or sells pies.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pieman \Pie"man\, n.; pl. {Piemen}.
      A man who makes or sells pies.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pin \Pin\, n. [OE. pinne, AS. pinn a pin, peg; cf. D. pin, G.
      pinne, Icel. pinni, W. pin, Gael. & Ir. pinne; all fr. L.
      pinna a pinnacle, pin, feather, perhaps orig. a different
      word from pinna feather. Cf. {Fin} of a fish, {Pen} a
      feather.]
      1. A piece of wood, metal, etc., generally cylindrical, used
            for fastening separate articles together, or as a support
            by which one article may be suspended from another; a peg;
            a bolt.
  
                     With pins of adamant And chains they made all fast.
                                                                              --Milton.
  
      2. Especially, a small, pointed and headed piece of brass or
            other wire (commonly tinned), largely used for fastening
            clothes, attaching papers, etc.
  
      3. Hence, a thing of small value; a trifle.
  
                     He . . . did not care a pin for her.   --Spectator.
  
      4. That which resembles a pin in its form or use; as:
            (a) A peg in musical instruments, for increasing or
                  relaxing the tension of the strings.
            (b) A linchpin.
            (c) A rolling-pin.
            (d) A clothespin.
            (e) (Mach.) A short shaft, sometimes forming a bolt, a
                  part of which serves as a journal. See Illust. of
                  {Knuckle joint}, under {Knuckle}.
            (f) (Joinery) The tenon of a dovetail joint.
  
      5. One of a row of pegs in the side of an ancient drinking
            cup to mark how much each man should drink.
  
      6. The bull's eye, or center, of a target; hence, the center.
            [Obs.] [bd]The very pin of his heart cleft.[b8] --Shak.
  
      7. Mood; humor. [Obs.] [bd]In merry pin.[b8] --Cowper.
  
      8. (Med.) Caligo. See {Caligo}. --Shak.
  
      9. An ornament, as a brooch or badge, fastened to the
            clothing by a pin; as, a Masonic pin.
  
      10. The leg; as, to knock one off his pins. [Slang]
  
      {Banking pin} (Horol.), a pin against which a lever strikes,
            to limit its motion.
  
      {Pin drill} (Mech.), a drill with a central pin or projection
            to enter a hole, for enlarging the hole, or for sinking a
            recess for the head of a bolt, etc.; a counterbore.
  
      {Pin grass}. (Bot.) See {Alfilaria}.
  
      {Pin hole}, a small hole made by a pin; hence, any very small
            aperture or perforation.
  
      {Pin lock}, a lock having a cylindrical bolt; a lock in which
            pins, arranged by the key, are used instead of tumblers.
           
  
      {Pin money}, an allowance of money, as that made by a husband
            to his wife, for private and personal expenditure.
  
      {Pin rail} (Naut.), a rail, usually within the bulwarks, to
            hold belaying pins. Sometimes applied to the {fife rail}.
            Called also {pin rack}.
  
      {Pin wheel}.
            (a) A contrate wheel in which the cogs are cylindrical
                  pins.
            (b) (Fireworks) A small coil which revolves on a common
                  pin and makes a wheel of yellow or colored fire.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pinion \Pin"ion\, n. (Zo[94]l.)
      A moth of the genus {Lithophane}, as {L. antennata}, whose
      larva bores large holes in young peaches and apples.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pinion \Pin"ion\, n. [OF. pignon a pen, F., gable, pinion (in
      sense 5); cf. Sp. pi[a4]on pinion; fr. L. pinna pinnacle,
      feather, wing. See {Pin} a peg, and cf. {Pen} a feather,
      {Pennat}, {Pennon}.]
      1. A feather; a quill. --Shak.
  
      2. A wing, literal or figurative.
  
                     Swift on his sooty pinions flits the gnome. --Pope.
  
      3. The joint of bird's wing most remote from the body.
            --Johnson.
  
      4. A fetter for the arm. --Ainsworth.
  
      5. (Mech.) A cogwheel with a small number of teeth, or
            leaves, adapted to engage with a larger wheel, or rack
            (see {Rack}); esp., such a wheel having its leaves formed
            of the substance of the arbor or spindle which is its
            axis.
  
      {Lantern pinion}. See under {Lantern}.
  
      {Pinion wire}, wire fluted longitudinally, for making the
            pinions of clocks and watches. It is formed by being drawn
            through holes of the shape required for the leaves or
            teeth of the pinions.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pinion \Pin"ion\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Pinioned}; p. pr. & vb.
      n. {Pinioning}.]
      1. To bind or confine the wings of; to confine by binding the
            wings. --Bacon.
  
      2. To disable by cutting off the pinion joint. --Johnson.
  
      3. To disable or restrain, as a person, by binding the arms,
            esp. by binding the arms to the body. --Shak.
  
                     Her elbows pinioned close upon her hips. --Cowper.
  
      4. Hence, generally, to confine; to bind; to tie up.
            [bd]Pinioned up by formal rules of state.[b8] --Norris.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pneumo- \Pneu"mo-\
      A combining form from Gr. pney`mwn, pney`monos, a lung; as,
      pneumogastric, pneumology.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Poenamu \Po*e"na*mu\, n. (Min.)
      A variety of jade or nephrite, -- used in New Zealand for the
      manufacture of axes and weapons.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pomona \Po*mo"na\, n. [L., from pomum fruit.] (Class. Myth.)
      The goddess of fruits and fruit trees.

From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
   Pynoun \Py*noun"\, n.
      A pennant. [Obs.] --Chaucer.

From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
   Panama, IA (city, FIPS 61275)
      Location: 41.72672 N, 95.47527 W
      Population (1990): 201 (95 housing units)
      Area: 0.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 51562
   Panama, IL (village, FIPS 57498)
      Location: 39.02871 N, 89.52517 W
      Population (1990): 294 (145 housing units)
      Area: 0.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
   Panama, NE (village, FIPS 38225)
      Location: 40.59957 N, 96.51118 W
      Population (1990): 207 (78 housing units)
      Area: 0.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
   Panama, NY (village, FIPS 56231)
      Location: 42.07501 N, 79.48613 W
      Population (1990): 468 (193 housing units)
      Area: 5.6 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 14767
   Panama, OK (town, FIPS 56900)
      Location: 35.17088 N, 94.66988 W
      Population (1990): 1528 (681 housing units)
      Area: 3.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)

From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
   Penn Wynne, PA (CDP, FIPS 59312)
      Location: 39.98625 N, 75.27271 W
      Population (1990): 5807 (2289 housing units)
      Area: 2.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)

From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
   Penn Yan, NY (village, FIPS 57177)
      Location: 42.66118 N, 77.05487 W
      Population (1990): 5248 (2271 housing units)
      Area: 5.4 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 14527

From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
   Pinon, AZ (CDP, FIPS 56120)
      Location: 36.10071 N, 110.22126 W
      Population (1990): 468 (181 housing units)
      Area: 16.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 86510
   Pinon, NM
      Zip code(s): 88344

From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
   Pomona, CA (city, FIPS 58072)
      Location: 34.05895 N, 117.76140 W
      Population (1990): 131723 (38466 housing units)
      Area: 59.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 91767, 91768
   Pomona, IL
      Zip code(s): 62975
   Pomona, KS (city, FIPS 57000)
      Location: 38.61098 N, 95.45180 W
      Population (1990): 835 (359 housing units)
      Area: 2.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 66076
   Pomona, MO
      Zip code(s): 65789
   Pomona, NJ (CDP, FIPS 60030)
      Location: 39.46962 N, 74.55192 W
      Population (1990): 2624 (918 housing units)
      Area: 7.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
   Pomona, NY (village, FIPS 58992)
      Location: 41.18985 N, 74.05371 W
      Population (1990): 2611 (841 housing units)
      Area: 6.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 10970

From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
   Ponemah, MN (CDP, FIPS 51892)
      Location: 48.04248 N, 94.90783 W
      Population (1990): 704 (160 housing units)
      Area: 50.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
      Zip code(s): 56666

From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
   PANON
  
      A family of pattern-directed string processing languages based
      on {generalised Markov algorithm}s.
  
      PANON-1 is based on {simple generalised Markov algorithm}s and
      PANON-2 on {conditional functional generalised Markov
      algorithm}s.
  
      ["String Processing Languages and Generalized Markov
      Algorithms", A. C. Forino, Proc IFIP Working Conf on Symb
      Manip Languages, pp.141-206, Amsterdam 1968].
  
  

From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]:
   Peninnah, pearl; precious stone; the face
  

From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]:
   Pinon, pearl; gem; that beholds
  

From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]:
   Punon, precious stone; that beholds
  

From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
   Panama
  
   Panama:Geography
  
   Location: Middle America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the
   North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica
  
   Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
  
   Area:
   total area: 78,200 sq km
   land area: 75,990 sq km
   comparative area: slightly smaller than South Carolina
  
   Land boundaries: total 555 km, Colombia 225 km, Costa Rica 330 km
  
   Coastline: 2,490 km
  
   Maritime claims:
   territorial sea: 200 nm
  
   International disputes: none
  
   Climate: tropical; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to
   January), short dry season (January to May)
  
   Terrain: interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland
   plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
  
   Natural resources: copper, mahogany forests, shrimp
  
   Land use:
   arable land: 6%
   permanent crops: 2%
   meadows and pastures: 15%
   forest and woodland: 54%
   other: 23%
  
   Irrigated land: 320 sq km (1989 est.)
  
   Environment:
   current issues: water pollution from agricultural runoff threatens
   fishery resources; deforestation of tropical rain forest; land
   degradation
   natural hazards: NA
   international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species,
   Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer
   Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but
   not ratified - Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life
   Conservation, Tropical Timber 94
  
   Note: strategic location on eastern end of isthmus forming land bridge
   connecting North and South America; controls Panama Canal that links
   North Atlantic Ocean via Caribbean Sea with North Pacific Ocean
  
   Panama:People
  
   Population: 2,680,903 (July 1995 est.)
  
   Age structure:
   0-14 years: 34% (female 439,491; male 458,817)
   15-64 years: 61% (female 812,876; male 823,124)
   65 years and over: 5% (female 74,672; male 71,923) (July 1995 est.)
  
   Population growth rate: 1.9% (1995 est.)
  
   Birth rate: 24.12 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
  
   Death rate: 4.79 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
  
   Net migration rate: -0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
  
   Infant mortality rate: 15.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
  
   Life expectancy at birth:
   total population: 75.2 years
   male: 72.57 years
   female: 77.97 years (1995 est.)
  
   Total fertility rate: 2.8 children born/woman (1995 est.)
  
   Nationality:
   noun: Panamanian(s)
   adjective: Panamanian
  
   Ethnic divisions: mestizo (mixed Indian and European ancestry) 70%,
   West Indian 14%, white 10%, Indian 6%
  
   Religions: Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%
  
   Languages: Spanish (official), English 14%
   note: many Panamanians bilingual
  
   Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
   total population: 89%
   male: 89%
   female: 88%
  
   Labor force: 979,000 (1994 est.)
   by occupation: government and community services 31.8%, agriculture,
   hunting, and fishing 26.8%, commerce, restaurants, and hotels 16.4%,
   manufacturing and mining 9.4%, construction 3.2%, transportation and
   communications 6.2%, finance, insurance, and real estate 4.3%
   note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled labor
  
   Panama:Government
  
   Names:
   conventional long form: Republic of Panama
   conventional short form: Panama
   local long form: Republica de Panama
   local short form: Panama
  
   Digraph: PM
  
   Type: constitutional republic
  
   Capital: Panama
  
   Administrative divisions: 9 provinces (provincias, singular -
   provincia) and 1 territory* (comarca); Bocas del Toro, Chiriqui,
   Cocle, Colon, Darien, Herrera, Los Santos, Panama, San Blas*, Veraguas
  
   Independence: 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from
   Spain 28 November 1821)
  
   National holiday: Independence Day, 3 November (1903)
  
   Constitution: 11 October 1972; major reforms adopted April 1983
  
   Legal system: based on civil law system; judicial review of
   legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Justice; accepts compulsory
   ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
  
   Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
  
   Executive branch:
   chief of state and head of government: President Ernesto PEREZ
   BALLADARES Gonzalez Revilla (since 1 September 1994, elected 8 May
   1994); First Vice President Tomas Gabriel ALTAMIRANO DUQUE (since 1
   September 1994); Second Vice President Felipe Alejandro VIRZI Lopez
   (since 1 September 1994 election last held 8 May 1994 (next to be held
   9 May 1999); results - Ernesto PEREZ BALLADARES (PRD) 33%, Mireya
   MOSCOSO DE GRUBER (PA) 29%, Ruben BLADES (MPE) 17%, Ruben Dario CARLES
   (MOLIRENA) 16%
   cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the president
  
   Legislative branch: unicameral
   Legislative Assembly (Asamblea Legislativa): legislators from outlying
   rural districts are chosen on a plurality basis while districts
   located in more populous towns and cities elect multiple legislators
   by means of a proportion-based formula; elections last held 8 May 1994
   (next to be held 9 May 1999); results - percent of vote by party NA ;
   seats - (72 total) PRD 32, PS 4, PALA 1, PA 14, MPE 6, MOLIRENA 4, PLA
   3, PRC 3, PL 2, PDC 1, UDI 1, MORENA 1
  
   Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia),
   5 superior courts, 3 courts of appeal
  
   Political parties and leaders:
   governing coalition: Democratic Revolutionary Party (PRD), Gerardo
   GONZALEZ; Solidarity Party (PS), Samuel LEWIS GALINDO; Liberal
   Republican Party (PLR), Rodolfo CHIARI; Labor Party (PALA), Carlos
   Lopez GUEVARA
   other parties: Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement (MOLIRENA),
   Alfredo RAMIREZ; Authentic Liberal Party (PLA), Arnulfo ESCALONA;
   Arnulfista Party (PA), Mireya MOSCOSO DE GRUBER; Christian Democratic
   Party (PDC), Raul OSSA; Liberal Party (PL), Roberto ALEMAN Zubieta;
   Papa Egoro Movement (MPE), Ruben BLADES; Civic Renewal Party (PRC),
   Tomas HERRERA; National Unity Mission Party (MUN), Jose Manuel
   PAREDES; Independent Democratic Union (UDI), Jacinto CARDENAS;
   National Renovation Movement (MORENA), Pedro VALLERINO
  
   Other political or pressure groups: National Council of Organized
   Workers (CONATO); National Council of Private Enterprise (CONEP);
   Panamanian Association of Business Executives (APEDE); National Civic
   Crusade; Chamber of Commerce; Panamanian Industrialists Society (SIP);
   Workers Confederation of the Republic of Panama (CTRP)
  
   Member of: AG (associate), CG, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,
   ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
   INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM, OAS,
   OPANAL, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO,
   WMO, WTO
  
   Diplomatic representation in US:
   chief of mission: Ambassador Ricardo Alberto ARIAS
   chancery: 2862 McGill Terrace NW, Washington, DC 20008
   telephone: [1] (202) 483-1407
   consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Houston, Miami, New Orleans, New York,
   San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), Tampa
  
   US diplomatic representation:
   chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Oliver P. GARZA
   embassy: Avenida Balboa and Calle 38, Apartado 6959, Panama City 5
   mailing address: American Embassy Panama, Unit 0945; APO AA 34002
   telephone: [507] 27-1777
   FAX: [507] 27-1964
  
   Flag: divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white
   (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain
   red, the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a
   red five-pointed star in the center
  
   Economy
  
   Overview: Because of its key geographic location, Panama's economy is
   service-based, heavily weighted toward banking, commerce, and tourism.
   Trade and financial ties with the US are especially close. GDP grew at
   3.6% in 1994, a respectable rate, yet below the 7.1% average of the
   early 1990s. Banking and financial services and trade through the
   Colon Free Zone continued to expand rapidly, with the industrial and
   agricultural sectors experiencing little growth. The new
   administration, inaugurated 1 September 1994, has launched an economic
   plan designed to reverse rising unemployment, attract foreign
   investment, cut back the size of government, and modernize the
   economy. The success of the plan in meeting its goals for 1995 and
   beyond depends largely on the success of the administration in
   reforming the labor code and instituting the reforms necessary to join
   the GATT.
  
   National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $12.3 billion (1994
   est.)
  
   National product real growth rate: 3.6% (1994 est.)
  
   National product per capita: $4,670 (1994 est.)
  
   Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.8% (1994 est.)
  
   Unemployment rate: 12.9% (1994 est.)
  
   Budget:
   revenues: $1.93 billion
   expenditures: $1.93 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
   (1994)
  
   Exports: $520 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
   commodities: bananas 43%, shrimp 11%, sugar 4%, clothing 5%, coffee 2%
  
   partners: US 45%, EU, Central America and Caribbean
  
   Imports: $2.205 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)
   commodities: capital goods 21%, crude oil 11%, foodstuffs 9%, consumer
   goods, chemicals
   partners: US 40%, EU, Central America and Caribbean, Japan
  
   External debt: $6.7 billion (yearend 1993 est.)
  
   Industrial production: growth rate 1.8% (1994 est.); accounts for
   about 9% of GDP
  
   Electricity:
   capacity: 960,000 kW
   production: 2.8 billion kWh
   consumption per capita: 1,047 kWh (1993)
  
   Industries: manufacturing and construction, petroleum refining,
   brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling
  
   Agriculture: accounts for 10% of GDP (1992 est.); crops - bananas,
   rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; livestock; fishing; importer of food
   grain, vegetables
  
   Illicit drugs: major cocaine transshipment point and drug money
   laundering center
  
   Economic aid:
   recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $516 million;
   Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
   (1970-89), $582 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $4 million
  
   Currency: 1 balboa (B) = 100 centesimos
  
   Exchange rates: balboas (B) per US$1 - 1.000 (fixed rate)
  
   Fiscal year: calendar year
  
   Panama:Transportation
  
   Railroads:
   total: 238 km
   broad gauge: 78 km 1.524-m gauge
   narrow gauge: 160 km 0.914-m gauge
  
   Highways:
   total: 8,530 km
   paved: 2,745 km
   unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 3,270 km; improved, unimproved earth
   2,515 km
  
   Inland waterways: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km
   Panama Canal
  
   Pipelines: crude oil 130 km
  
   Ports: Bahia de las Minas, Balboa, Colon, Cristobal, Panama
  
   Merchant marine:
   total: 3,526 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 60,748,525
   GRT/95,102,552 DWT
   ships by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 787, cargo 1,070, chemical tanker
   175, combination bulk 33, combination ore/oil 25, container 259,
   liquefied gas tanker 125, livestock carrier 8, multifunction
   large-load carrier 6, oil tanker 465, passenger 24, passenger-cargo 3,
   refrigerated cargo 284, roll-on/roll-off cargo 81, short-sea passenger
   34, specialized tanker 9, vehicle carrier 137
   note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 93 countries; the 10
   major fleet flags are: Japan 1,171 ships, Greece 323, Hong Kong 276,
   US 212, Taiwan 184, Singapore 181, South Korea 172, China 145 ships,
   UK 102, and Norway 70
  
   Airports:
   total: 115
   with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1
   with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1
   with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5
   with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14
   with paved runways under 914 m: 74
   with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 20
  
   Panama:Communications
  
   Telephone system: 220,000 telephones; domestic and international
   facilities well developed
   local: NA
   intercity: NA
   international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean)
   earth stations; connected to the Central American Microwave System
  
   Radio:
   broadcast stations: AM 91, FM 0, shortwave 0
   radios: NA
  
   Television:
   broadcast stations: 23
   televisions: NA
  
   Panama:Defense Forces
  
   Branches: Panamanian Public Forces (PPF; includes the National Police
   or PNP, Maritime Service, National Air Service, and Institutional
   Protective Service); Judicial Branch Technical Police
  
   Manpower availability: males age 15-49 701,691; males fit for military
   service 481,927 (1995 est.)
  
   Defense expenditures: expenditures for the Panamanian security forces
   amounted to $105 million, 1.0% of GDP (1993 est.)
  
  
  
No guarantee of accuracy or completeness!
©TU Chemnitz, 2006-2024
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