English Dictionary: nucleon number | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nasal \Na"sal\ (n[amac]"z[ait]l), a. [F., from L. nasus the nose. See {Nose}.] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the nose. 2. (Phon.) Having a quality imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng (see Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 20, 208); characterized by resonance in the nasal passage; as, a nasal vowel; a nasal utterance. {Nasal bones} (Anat.), two bones of the skull, in front of the frontals. {Nasal index} (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the transverse the base of the aperture to the nasion, which latter distance is taken as the standard, equal to 100. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
neckland \neck"land\, n. A neck of land. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Neo-Hegelian \Ne`o-He*ge"li*an\, a. Of or pertaining to Neo-Hegelianism. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Neo-Hegelian \Neo-Hegelian\, n. An adherent of Neo-Hegelianism. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Neo-Hegelianism \Ne`o-He*ge"li*an*ism\, n. The philosophy of a school of British and American idealists who follow Hegel in dialectical or logical method and in the general outcome of their doctrine. The founders and leaders of Neo-Hegelianism include: in England, T. H. Green (1836-1882); in Scotland, J. (1820-98) and E. (1835-1908) Caird; in the United States, W. T. Harris (1835-1909) and Josiah Royce (1855- -). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Salon \[d8]Sa`lon"\, n. An apartment for the reception and exhibition of works of art; hence, an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris by the Society of French Artists; -- sometimes called the {Old Salon}. {New Salon} is a popular name for an annual exhibition of paintings, sculptures, etc., held in Paris at the Champs de Mars, by the Soci[82]t[82] Nationale des Beaux-Arts (National Society of Fine Arts), a body of artists who, in 1890, seceded from the Soci[82]t[82] des Artistes Fran[87]ais (Society of French Artists). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
New Zealand \New` Zea"land\ A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. {New Zealand flax}. (a) (Bot.) A tall, liliaceous herb ({Phormium tenax}), having very long, sword-shaped, distichous leaves which furnish a fine, strong fiber very valuable for cordage and the like. (b) The fiber itself. {New Zealand tea} (Bot.), a myrtaceous shrub ({Leptospermum scoparium}) of New Zealand and Australia, the leaves of which are used as a substitute for tea. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
New Zealand \New` Zea"land\ A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. {New Zealand flax}. (a) (Bot.) A tall, liliaceous herb ({Phormium tenax}), having very long, sword-shaped, distichous leaves which furnish a fine, strong fiber very valuable for cordage and the like. (b) The fiber itself. {New Zealand tea} (Bot.), a myrtaceous shrub ({Leptospermum scoparium}) of New Zealand and Australia, the leaves of which are used as a substitute for tea. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Flax \Flax\, n. [AS. fleax; akin to D. vlas, OHG. flahs, G. flachs, and prob. to flechten to braid, plait,m twist, L. plectere to weave, plicare to fold, Gr. [?] to weave, plait. See {Ply}.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Linum}, esp. the {L. usitatissimum}, which has a single, slender stalk, about a foot and a half high, with blue flowers. The fiber of the bark is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, cambric, lawn, lace, etc. Linseed oil is expressed from the seed. 2. The skin or fibrous part of the flax plant, when broken and cleaned by hatcheling or combing. {Earth flax} (Min.), amianthus. {Flax brake}, a machine for removing the woody portion of flax from the fibrous. {Flax comb}, a hatchel, hackle, or heckle. {Flax cotton}, the fiber of flax, reduced by steeping in bicarbinate of soda and acidulated liquids, and prepared for bleaching and spinning like cotton. --Knight. {Flax dresser}, one who breaks and swingles flax, or prepares it for the spinner. {Flax mill}, a mill or factory where flax is spun or linen manufactured. {Flax puller}, a machine for pulling flax plants in the field. {Flax wench}. (a) A woman who spins flax. [Obs.] (b) A prostitute. [Obs.] --Shak. {Mountain flax} (Min.), amianthus. {New Zealand flax} (Bot.) See {Flax-plant}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Laurel \Lau"rel\, n. [OE. lorel, laurer, lorer, OF. lorier, laurier, F. laurier, (assumed) LL. Laurarius, fr. L. laurus.] 1. (Bot.) An evergreen shrub, of the genus {Laurus} ({L. nobilis}), having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils; -- called also {sweet bay}. Note: The fruit is a purple berry. It is found about the Mediterranean, and was early used by the ancient Greeks to crown the victor in the games of Apollo. At a later period, academic honors were indicated by a crown of laurel, with the fruit. The leaves and tree yield an aromatic oil, used to flavor the bay water of commerce. Note: The name is extended to other plants which in some respect resemble the true laurel. See Phrases, below. 2. A crown of laurel; hence, honor; distinction; fame; -- especially in the plural; as, to win laurels. 3. An English gold coin made in 1619, and so called because the king's head on it was crowned with laurel. {Laurel water}, water distilled from the fresh leaves of the cherry laurel, and containing prussic acid and other products carried over in the process. {American laurel}, [or] {Mountain laurel}, {Kalmia latifolia}. See under {Mountain}. {California laurel}, {Umbellularia Californica}. {Cherry laurel} (in England called {laurel}). See under {Cherry}. {Great laurel}, the rosebay ({Rhododendron maximum}). {Ground laurel}, trailing arbutus. {New Zealand laurel}, {Laurelia Nov[91] Zelandi[91]}. {Portugal laurel}, the {Prunus Lusitanica}. {Rose laurel}, the oleander. See {Oleander}. {Sheep laurel}, a poisonous shrub, {Kalmia angustifolia}, smaller than the mountain laurel, and with smaller and redder flowers. {Spurge laurel}, {Daphne Laureola}. {West Indian laurel}, {Prunus occidentalis}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Oak \Oak\ ([omac]k), n. [OE. oke, ok, ak, AS. [be]c; akin to D. eik, G. eiche, OHG. eih, Icel. eik, Sw. ek, Dan. eeg.] 1. (Bot.) Any tree or shrub of the genus {Quercus}. The oaks have alternate leaves, often variously lobed, and staminate flowers in catkins. The fruit is a smooth nut, called an {acorn}, which is more or less inclosed in a scaly involucre called the cup or cupule. There are now recognized about three hundred species, of which nearly fifty occur in the United States, the rest in Europe, Asia, and the other parts of North America, a very few barely reaching the northern parts of South America and Africa. Many of the oaks form forest trees of grand proportions and live many centuries. The wood is usually hard and tough, and provided with conspicuous medullary rays, forming the silver grain. 2. The strong wood or timber of the oak. Note: Among the true oaks in America are: {Barren oak}, or {Black-jack}, {Q. nigra}. {Basket oak}, {Q. Michauxii}. {Black oak}, {Q. tinctoria}; -- called also {yellow} or {quercitron oak}. {Bur oak} (see under {Bur}.), {Q. macrocarpa}; -- called also {over-cup} or {mossy-cup oak}. {Chestnut oak}, {Q. Prinus} and {Q. densiflora}. {Chinquapin oak} (see under {Chinquapin}), {Q. prinoides}. {Coast live oak}, {Q. agrifolia}, of California; -- also called {enceno}. {Live oak} (see under {Live}), {Q. virens}, the best of all for shipbuilding; also, {Q. Chrysolepis}, of California. {Pin oak}. Same as {Swamp oak}. {Post oak}, {Q. obtusifolia}. {Red oak}, {Q. rubra}. {Scarlet oak}, {Q. coccinea}. {Scrub oak}, {Q. ilicifolia}, {Q. undulata}, etc. {Shingle oak}, {Q. imbricaria}. {Spanish oak}, {Q. falcata}. {Swamp Spanish oak}, or {Pin oak}, {Q. palustris}. {Swamp white oak}, {Q. bicolor}. {Water oak}, {Q. aguatica}. {Water white oak}, {Q. lyrata}. {Willow oak}, {Q. Phellos}. Among the true oaks in Europe are: {Bitter oak}, [or] {Turkey oak}, {Q. Cerris} (see {Cerris}). {Cork oak}, {Q. Suber}. {English white oak}, {Q. Robur}. {Evergreen oak}, {Holly oak}, [or] {Holm oak}, {Q. Ilex}. {Kermes oak}, {Q. coccifera}. {Nutgall oak}, {Q. infectoria}. Note: Among plants called oak, but not of the genus {Quercus}, are: {African oak}, a valuable timber tree ({Oldfieldia Africana}). {Australian, [or] She}, {oak}, any tree of the genus {Casuarina} (see {Casuarina}). {Indian oak}, the teak tree (see {Teak}). {Jerusalem oak}. See under {Jerusalem}. {New Zealand oak}, a sapindaceous tree ({Alectryon excelsum}). {Poison oak}, the poison ivy. See under {Poison}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sassafras \Sas"sa*fras\, n. [F. sassafras (cf. It. sassafrasso, sassafras, Sp. sasafras, salsafras, salsifrax, salsifragia, saxifragia), fr. L. saxifraga saxifrage. See {Saxifrage}.] (Bot.) An American tree of the Laurel family ({Sassafras officinale}); also, the bark of the roots, which has an aromatic smell and taste. {Australian sassafras}, a lofty tree ({Doryophora Sassafras}) with aromatic bark and leaves. {Chilian sassafras}, an aromatic tree ({Laurelia sempervirens}). {New Zealand sassafras}, a similar tree ({Laurelia Nov[91] Zelandi[91]}). {Sassafras nut}. See {Pichurim bean}. {Swamp sassafras}, the sweet bay ({Magnolia glauca}). See {Magnolia}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Spinach \Spin"ach\, Spinage \Spin"age\, n. [OF. espinache, espinoche, F. [82]pinard; cf. F. spinace, Sp. espinaca; all fr. Ar. isf[be]n[be]j, isfin[be]j, aspan[be]kh, probably of Persian origin.] (Bot.) A common pot herb ({Spinacia oleracea}) belonging to the Goosefoot family. {Mountain spinach}. See {Garden orache}, under {Orache}. {New Zealand spinach} (Bot.), a coarse herb ({Tetragonia expansa}), a poor substitute for spinach. Note: Various other pot herbs are locally called spinach. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
New Zealand \New` Zea"land\ A group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. {New Zealand flax}. (a) (Bot.) A tall, liliaceous herb ({Phormium tenax}), having very long, sword-shaped, distichous leaves which furnish a fine, strong fiber very valuable for cordage and the like. (b) The fiber itself. {New Zealand tea} (Bot.), a myrtaceous shrub ({Leptospermum scoparium}) of New Zealand and Australia, the leaves of which are used as a substitute for tea. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tea \Tea\, n. [Chin. tsh[be], Prov. Chin. te: cf. F. th[82].] 1. The prepared leaves of a shrub, or small tree ({Thea, [or] Camellia, Chinensis}). The shrub is a native of China, but has been introduced to some extent into some other countries. Note: Teas are classed as green or black, according to their color or appearance, the kinds being distinguished also by various other characteristic differences, as of taste, odor, and the like. The color, flavor, and quality are dependent upon the treatment which the leaves receive after being gathered. The leaves for green tea are heated, or roasted slightly, in shallow pans over a wood fire, almost immediately after being gathered, after which they are rolled with the hands upon a table, to free them from a portion of their moisture, and to twist them, and are then quickly dried. Those intended for black tea are spread out in the air for some time after being gathered, and then tossed about with the hands until they become soft and flaccid, when they are roasted for a few minutes, and rolled, and having then been exposed to the air for a few hours in a soft and moist state, are finally dried slowly over a charcoal fire. The operation of roasting and rolling is sometimes repeated several times, until the leaves have become of the proper color. The principal sorts of green tea are Twankay, the poorest kind; Hyson skin, the refuse of Hyson; Hyson, Imperial, and Gunpowder, fine varieties; and Young Hyson, a choice kind made from young leaves gathered early in the spring. Those of black tea are Bohea, the poorest kind; Congou; Oolong; Souchong, one of the finest varieties; and Pekoe, a fine-flavored kind, made chiefly from young spring buds. See {Bohea}, {Congou}, {Gunpowder tea}, under {Gunpowder}, {Hyson}, {Oolong}, and {Souchong}. --K. Johnson. Tomlinson. Note: [bd]No knowledge of . . . [tea] appears to have reached Europe till after the establishment of intercourse between Portugal and China in 1517. The Portuguese, however, did little towards the introduction of the herb into Europe, and it was not till the Dutch established themselves at Bantam early in 17th century, that these adventurers learned from the Chinese the habit of tea drinking, and brought it to Europe.[b8] --Encyc. Brit. 2. A decoction or infusion of tea leaves in boiling water; as, tea is a common beverage. 3. Any infusion or decoction, especially when made of the dried leaves of plants; as, sage tea; chamomile tea; catnip tea. 4. The evening meal, at which tea is usually served; supper. {Arabian tea}, the leaves of {Catha edulis}; also (Bot.), the plant itself. See {Kat}. {Assam tea}, tea grown in Assam, in India, originally brought there from China about the year 1850. {Australian}, [or] {Botany Bay}, {tea} (Bot.), a woody clambing plant ({Smilax glycyphylla}). {Brazilian tea}. (a) The dried leaves of {Lantana pseodothea}, used in Brazil as a substitute for tea. (b) The dried leaves of {Stachytarpheta mutabilis}, used for adulterating tea, and also, in Austria, for preparing a beverage. {Labrador tea}. (Bot.) See under {Labrador}. {New Jersey tea} (Bot.), an American shrub, the leaves of which were formerly used as a substitute for tea; redroot. See {Redroot}. {New Zealand tea}. (Bot.) See under {New Zealand}. {Oswego tea}. (Bot.) See {Oswego tea}. {Paraguay tea}, mate. See 1st {Mate}. {Tea board}, a board or tray for holding a tea set. {Tea bug} (Zo[94]l.), an hemipterous insect which injures the tea plant by sucking the juice of the tender leaves. {Tea caddy}, a small box for holding tea. {Tea chest}, a small, square wooden case, usually lined with sheet lead or tin, in which tea is imported from China. {Tea clam} (Zo[94]l.), a small quahaug. [Local, U. S.] {Tea garden}, a public garden where tea and other refreshments are served. {Tea plant} (Bot.), any plant, the leaves of which are used in making a beverage by infusion; specifically, {Thea Chinensis}, from which the tea of commerce is obtained. {Tea rose} (Bot.), a delicate and graceful variety of the rose ({Rosa Indica}, var. {odorata}), introduced from China, and so named from its scent. Many varieties are now cultivated. {Tea service}, the appurtenances or utensils required for a tea table, -- when of silver, usually comprising only the teapot, milk pitcher, and sugar dish. {Tea set}, a tea service. {Tea table}, a table on which tea furniture is set, or at which tea is drunk. {Tea taster}, one who tests or ascertains the quality of tea by tasting. {Tea tree} (Bot.), the tea plant of China. See {Tea plant}, above. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Teak \Teak\, n. [Malayalm tekku.] (Bot.) A tree of East Indies ({Tectona grandis}) which furnishes an extremely strong and durable timber highly valued for shipbuilding and other purposes; also, the timber of the tree. [Written also {teek}.] {African teak}, a tree ({Oldfieldia Africana}) of Sierra Leone; also, its very heavy and durable wood; -- called also {African oak}. {New Zeland teak}, a large tree ({Vitex littoralis}) of New Zeland; also, its hard, durable timber. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nickeline \Nick"el*ine\ (? [or] ?), n. 1. (Chem.) An alloy of nickel, a variety of German silver. 2. (Min.) Niccolite. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Niggle \Nig"gle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Niggled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Niggling}.] [Dim. of Prov. E. nig to clip money; cf. also Prov. E. nig a small piece.] To trifle with; to deceive; to mock. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Niggling \Nig"gling\, n. Finicky or pottering work; specif. (Fine Arts), minute and very careful workmanship in drawing, painting, or the like, esp. when bestowed on unimportant detail. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nuclein \Nu"cle*in\, n. (Physiol. Chem.) A constituent of the nuclei of all cells. It is a colorless amorphous substance, readily soluble in alkaline fluids and especially characterized by its comparatively large content of phosphorus. It also contains nitrogen and sulphur. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nuzzle \Nuz"zle\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Nuzzied};p. pr. & vb. n. {Nuzzling}.] [See {Noursle}.] 1. To noursle or nurse; to foster; to bring up. [Obs.] The people had been nuzzled in idolatry. --Milton. 2. [Perh. a corruption of nestle. Cf. {Nustle}.] To nestle; to house, as in a nest. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
New Columbia, PA Zip code(s): 17856 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
New Columbus, PA (borough, FIPS 53448) Location: 41.16887 N, 76.28656 W Population (1990): 228 (91 housing units) Area: 8.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
New Salem, IL (village, FIPS 52805) Location: 39.70800 N, 90.84736 W Population (1990): 147 (66 housing units) Area: 2.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 62357 New Salem, MA Zip code(s): 01331, 01355, 01364 New Salem, ND (city, FIPS 56700) Location: 46.84278 N, 101.41742 W Population (1990): 909 (442 housing units) Area: 3.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) New Salem, PA (borough, FIPS 54056) Location: 39.90243 N, 76.79349 W Population (1990): 669 (257 housing units) Area: 1.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 15468 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
New Salem-Buffington, PA (CDP, FIPS 54060) Location: 39.93189 N, 79.82063 W Population (1990): 1169 (475 housing units) Area: 3.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Nisland, SD (town, FIPS 45180) Location: 44.67350 N, 103.55248 W Population (1990): 174 (80 housing units) Area: 0.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 57762 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Nisqually Indian Community, WA (CDP, FIPS 49193) Location: 47.00585 N, 122.66983 W Population (1990): 558 (162 housing units) Area: 6.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
NSA line eater n. The National Security Agency trawling program sometimes assumed to be reading the net for the U.S. Government's spooks. Most hackers used to think it was mythical but believed in acting as though existed just in case. since the mid-1990s it has gradually become known that the NSA actually does this, quite illegaly, through its Echelon program. The standard countermeasure is to put loaded phrases like `KGB', `Uzi', `nuclear materials', `Palestine', `cocaine', and `assassination' in their {sig block}s in a (probably futile) attempt to confuse and overload the creature. The {GNU} version of {EMACS} actually has a command that randomly inserts a bunch of insidious anarcho-verbiage into your edited text. As far back as the 1970s there was a mainstream variant of this myth involving a `Trunk Line Monitor', which supposedly used speech recognition to extract words from telephone trunks. This is much harder than noticing keywords in email, and most of the people who originally propagated it had no idea of then-current technology or the storage, signal-processing, or speech recognition needs of such a project. On the basis of mass-storage costs alone it would have been cheaper to hire 50 high-school students and just let them listen in. Twenty years and several orders of technological magnitude later, however, there are clear indications that the NSA has actually deployed such filtering (again, very much against U.S. law). | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Nagling Coalescence network performance by combining small {packets} ("tinygrams") into larger ones, thus reducing the per-packet overhead. The server transmits the packet either when it has reached a preset size or when it receives an acknowledgment of the previous packet. [Who was Nagling?] (1998-11-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
NSA line eater program sometimes assumed to be reading the net for the US Government's spooks. Most hackers describe it as a mythical beast, but some believe it actually exists, more aren't sure, and many believe in acting as though it exists just in case. Some netters put loaded phrases like "KGB", "Uzi", "nuclear materials", "Palestine", "cocaine", and "assassination" in their {sig blocks} to confuse and overload the creature. The {GNU} version of {Emacs} actually has a command that randomly inserts a bunch of insidious anarcho-verbiage into your edited text. There is a mainstream variant of this myth involving a "Trunk Line Monitor", which supposedly used speech recognition to extract words from telephone trunks. This one was making the rounds in the late 1970s, spread by people who had no idea of then-current technology or the storage, {signal-processing}, or {speech recognition} needs of such a project. On the basis of mass-storage costs alone it would have been cheaper to hire 50 high-school students and just let them listen in. Speech-recognition technology can't do this job even now (1993), and almost certainly won't in this millennium, either. The peak of silliness came with a letter to an alternative paper in New Haven, Connecticut, laying out the factoids of this Big Brotherly affair. The letter writer then revealed his actual agenda by offering - at an amazing low price, just this once, we take VISA and MasterCard - a scrambler guaranteed to daunt the Trunk Trawler and presumably allowing the would-be Baader-Meinhof gangs of the world to get on with their business. [{Jargon File}] (1994-12-13) | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
New Zealand New Zealand:Geography Location: Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 268,680 sq km land area: 268,670 sq km comparative area: about the size of Colorado note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 15,134 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency) Climate: temperate with sharp regional contrasts Terrain: predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains Natural resources: natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 53% forest and woodland: 38% other: 7% Irrigated land: 2,800 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside natural hazards: earthquakes are common, though usually not severe international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation Note: about 80% of the population lives in cities New Zealand:People Population: 3,407,277 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 23% (female 381,027; male 401,285) 15-64 years: 65% (female 1,109,402; male 1,111,079) 65 years and over: 12% (female 234,339; male 170,145) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.52% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 15.14 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 8.03 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.87 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 8.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.65 years male: 73.08 years female: 80.42 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.99 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: New Zealander(s) adjective: New Zealand Ethnic divisions: European 88%, Maori 8.9%, Pacific Islander 2.9%, other 0.2% Religions: Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986) Languages: English (official), Maori Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980 est.) total population: 99% Labor force: 1,603,500 (June 1991) by occupation: services 66.6%, industry 22.6%, agriculture 10.8% (1992) New Zealand:Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: New Zealand Abbreviation: NZ Digraph: NZ Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Wellington Administrative divisions: 93 counties, 9 districts*, and 3 town districts**; Akaroa, Amuri, Ashburton, Bay of Islands, Bruce, Buller, Chatham Islands, Cheviot, Clifton, Clutha, Cook, Dannevirke, Egmont, Eketahuna, Ellesmere, Eltham, Eyre, Featherston, Franklin, Golden Bay, Great Barrier Island, Grey, Hauraki Plains, Hawera*, Hawke's Bay, Heathcote, Hikurangi**, Hobson, Hokianga, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt, Inangahua, Inglewood, Kaikoura, Kairanga, Kiwitea, Lake, Mackenzie, Malvern, Manaia**, Manawatu, Mangonui, Maniototo, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata, Mount Herbert, Ohinemuri, Opotiki, Oroua, Otamatea, Otorohanga*, Oxford, Pahiatua, Paparua, Patea, Piako, Pohangina, Raglan, Rangiora*, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua*, Runanga, Saint Kilda, Silverpeaks, Southland, Stewart Island, Stratford, Strathallan, Taranaki, Taumarunui, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames-Coromandel*, Tuapeka, Vincent, Waiapu, Waiheke, Waihemo, Waikato, Waikohu, Waimairi, Waimarino, Waimate, Waimate West, Waimea, Waipa, Waipawa*, Waipukurau*, Wairarapa South, Wairewa, Wairoa, Waitaki, Waitomo*, Waitotara, Wallace, Wanganui, Waverley**, Westland, Whakatane*, Whangarei, Whangaroa, Woodville note: there may be a new administrative structure of 16 regions (Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Wanganui-Manawatu, Wellington, West Coast) that are subdivided into 57 districts and 16 cities* (Ashburton, Auckland*, Banks Peninsula, Buller, Carterton, Central Hawke's Bay, Central Otago, Christchurch*, Clutha, Dunedin*, Far North, Franklin, Gisborne, Gore, Grey, Hamilton*, Hastings, Hauraki, Horowhenua, Hurunui, Hutt*, Invercargill*, Kaikoura, Kaipara, Kapiti Coast, Kawerau, Mackenzie, Manawatu, Manukau*, Marlborough, Masterton, Matamata Piako, Napier*, Nelson*, New Plymouth, North Shore*, Opotiki, Otorohanga, Palmerston North*, Papakura*, Porirua*, Queenstown Lakes, Rangitikei, Rodney, Rotorua, Ruapehu, Selwyn, Southland, South Taranaki, South Waikato, South Wairarapa, Stratford, Tararua, Tasman, Taupo, Tauranga, Thames Coromandel, Timaru, Upper Hutt*, Waikato, Waimakariri, Waimate, Waipa, Wairoa, Waitakere*, Waitaki, Waitomo, Wanganui, Wellington*, Western Bay of Plenty, Westland, Whakatane, Whangarei) Dependent areas: Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau Independence: 26 September 1907 (from UK) National holiday: Waitangi Day, 6 February (1840) (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty) Constitution: no formal, written constitution; consists of various documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments; Constitution Act 1986 was to have come into force 1 January 1987, but has not been enacted Legal system: based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Catherine TIZARD (since 12 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister James BOLGER (since 29 October 1990); Deputy Prime Minister Donald McKINNON (since 2 November 1990) cabinet: Executive Council; appointed by the governor general on recommendation of the prime minister Legislative branch: unicameral House of Representatives: (commonly called Parliament) elections last held 6 November 1993 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - NP 35.2%, NZLP 34.7%, Alliance 18.3%, New Zealand First 8.3%; seats - (99 total) NP 50, NZLP 45, Alliance 2, New Zealand First Party 2 Judicial branch: High Court, Court of Appeal Political parties and leaders: National Party (NP, government), James BOLGER; New Zealand Labor Party (NZLP, opposition), Helen CLARK; Alliance, Sandra LEE; Democratic Party, Dick RYAN; New Zealand Liberal Party, Hanmish MACINTYRE and Gilbert MYLES; Green Party, no official leader; Mana Motuhake, Martin RATA; Socialist Unity Party (SUP, pro-Soviet), Kenneth DOUGLAS; New Zealand First, Winston PETERS note: the New Labor, Democratic, and Mana Motuhake parties formed a coalition called the Alliance Party, Sandra LEE, president, in September 1991; the Green Party joined the coalition in May 1992 Member of: ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MTCR, NAM (guest), OECD, PCA, SPARTECA, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAVEM II, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Lionel John WOOD chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 consulate(s) general: Apia (Western Samoa), Los Angeles US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Josiah Horton BEEMAN embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001 telephone: [64] (4) 472-2068 FAX: [64] (4) 472-3537 consulate(s) general: Auckland Flag: blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation Economy Overview: Since 1984 the government has been reorienting an agrarian economy dependent on a guaranteed British market to a more industrialized, open free market economy that can compete on the global scene. The government has hoped that dynamic growth would boost real incomes, broaden and deepen the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, reduce inflationary pressures, and permit the expansion of welfare benefits. The initial results were mixed: inflation is down from double-digit levels, but growth was sluggish in 1988-91. In 1992-93, growth picked up to 3% annually, a sign that the new economic approach was beginning to pay off. Business confidence strengthened in 1994, and export demand picked up in the Asia-Pacific region, resulting in 6.2% growth. Inflation remains among the lowest in the industrial world. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $56.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 6.2% (1994) National product per capita: $16,640 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.6% (FY93/94) Unemployment rate: 7.5% (December 1994) Budget: revenues: $18.94 billion expenditures: $18.82 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY94/95) note: surplus $120 million (FY94/95) Exports: $11.2 billion (1994) commodities: wool, lamb, mutton, beef, fish, cheese, chemicals, forestry products, fruits and vegetables, manufactures partners: Australia 20%, Japan 15%, US 12%, UK 6% Imports: $10.4 billion (1994) commodities: machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, consumer goods partners: Australia 21%, US 18%, Japan 16%, UK 6% External debt: $38.5 billion (September 1994) Industrial production: growth rate 1.9% (1990); accounts for about 20% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 7,520,000 kW production: 30.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 8,401 kWh (1993) Industries: food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining Agriculture: accounts for about 9% of GDP and about 11% of the work force; livestock predominates - wool, meat, dairy products all export earners; crops - wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; surplus producer of farm products; fish catch reached a record 503,000 metric tons in 1988 Economic aid: donor: ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $526 million Currency: 1 New Zealand dollar (NZ$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: New Zealand dollars (NZ$) per US$1 - 1.5601 (January 1995), 1.6844 (1994), 1.8495 (1993), 1.8584 (1992), 1.7265 (1991), 1.6750 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June New Zealand:Transportation Railroads: total: 4,716 km narrow gauge: 4,716 km 1.067-m gauge (113 km electrified; 274 km double track) Highways: total: 92,648 km paved: 49,547 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 43,101 km Inland waterways: 1,609 km; of little importance to transportation Pipelines: petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; condensate (liquified petroleum gas - LPG) 150 km Ports: Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington Merchant marine: total: 18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 165,504 GRT/218,699 DWT ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 2, liquefied gas tanker 1, oil tanker 3, railcar carrier 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 5 Airports: total: 102 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 28 with paved runways under 914 m: 41 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 21 New Zealand:Communications Telephone system: 2,110,000 telephones; excellent international and domestic systems local: NA intercity: NA international: submarine cables extend to Australia and Fiji; 2 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 64, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 14 televisions: NA New Zealand:Defense Forces Branches: New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 883,668; males fit for military service 742,871; males reach military age (20) annually 27,162 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $792 million, 2% of GDP (FY90/91) |