love- in-a-mist : Dictionary / Wörterbuch (BEOLINGUS, TU Chemnitz)

labia minora
n 1: the two inner folds of the vulva

English Dictionary: love- in-a-mist	by the DICT Development Group
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
leaf miner n any of various small moths or dipterous flies whose larvae burrow into and feed on leaf tissue especially of the family Gracilariidae Synonym(s): leaf miner, leaf-miner
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
leaf-miner n any of various small moths or dipterous flies whose larvae burrow into and feed on leaf tissue especially of the family Gracilariidae Synonym(s): leaf miner, leaf-miner
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
leavening n an influence that works subtly to lighten or modify something; "his sermons benefited from a leavening of humor" Synonym(s): leaven, leavening a substance used to produce fermentation in dough or a liquid Synonym(s): leaven, leavening
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Lebanon n an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean [syn: Lebanon, Lebanese Republic]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Libyan monetary unit n monetary unit in Libya
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Lipmann n United States biochemist (born in Germany) noted for his studies of metabolic processes (1899-1986) Synonym(s): Lipmann, Fritz Albert Lipmann
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Lippmann n United States journalist (1889-1974) [syn: Lippmann, Walter Lippmann] French physicist who developed the first color photographic process (1845-1921) Synonym(s): Lippmann, Gabriel Lippmann
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Livonian n a member of the Livonian-speaking people of Latvia the Finnic language spoken by the people of Livonia in Estonia and Latvia
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Livonian-speaking adj able to communicate in Livonian
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
love-in-a-mist n tropical American passion flower with finely dissected bracts; stems malodorous when crushed Synonym(s): love- in-a-mist, running pop, wild water lemon, Passiflora foetida chickweed with hairy silver-grey leaves and rather large white flowers Synonym(s): snow-in-summer, love-in-a-mist, Cerastium tomentosum European garden plant having finely cut leaves and white or pale blue flowers Synonym(s): love-in-a-mist, Nigella damascena
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
love-in-winter n Eurasian herb with white or pinkish flowers in a terminal corymb Synonym(s): love-in-winter, western prince's pine, Chimaphila umbellata, Chimaphila corymbosa
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Lapponian \Lappo"nian\, Lapponic \Lap*pon"ic\, a. Laplandish; Lappish.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Lavement \Lave"ment\, n. [F. lavement, fr. laver to wash.] A washing or bathing; also, a clyster.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Leaf \Leaf\, n.; pl. {Leaves}. [OE. leef, lef, leaf, AS. le[a0]f; akin to S. l[?]f, OFries. laf, D. loof foliage, G. laub,OHG. loub leaf, foliage, Icel. lauf, Sw. l[94]f, Dan. l[94]v, Goth. laufs; cf. Lith. lapas. Cf. {Lodge}.] 1. (Bot.) A colored, usually green, expansion growing from the side of a stem or rootstock, in which the sap for the use of the plant is elaborated under the influence of light; one of the parts of a plant which collectively constitute its foliage. Note: Such leaves usually consist of a blade, or lamina, supported upon a leafstalk or petiole, which, continued through the blade as the midrib, gives off woody ribs and veins that support the cellular texture. The petiole has usually some sort of an appendage on each side of its base, which is called the stipule. The green parenchyma of the leaf is covered with a thin epiderm pierced with closable microscopic openings, known as stomata. 2. (Bot.) A special organ of vegetation in the form of a lateral outgrowth from the stem, whether appearing as a part of the foliage, or as a cotyledon, a scale, a bract, a spine, or a tendril. Note: In this view every part of a plant, except the root and the stem, is either a leaf, or is composed of leaves more or less modified and transformed. 3. Something which is like a leaf in being wide and thin and having a flat surface, or in being attached to a larger body by one edge or end; as : (a) A part of a book or folded sheet containing two pages upon its opposite sides. (b) A side, division, or part, that slides or is hinged, as of window shutters, folding doors, etc. (c) The movable side of a table. (d) A very thin plate; as, gold leaf. (e) A portion of fat lying in a separate fold or layer. (f) One of the teeth of a pinion, especially when small. {Leaf beetle} (Zo[94]l.), any beetle which feeds upon leaves; esp., any species of the family {Chrysomelid[91]}, as the potato beetle and helmet beetle. {Leaf bridge}, a draw-bridge having a platform or leaf which swings vertically on hinges. {Leaf bud} (Bot.), a bud which develops into leaves or a leafy branch. {Leaf butterfly} (Zo[94]l.), any butterfly which, in the form and colors of its wings, resembles the leaves of plants upon which it rests; esp., butterflies of the genus {Kallima}, found in Southern Asia and the East Indies. {Leaf crumpler} (Zo[94]l.), a small moth ({Phycis indigenella}), the larva of which feeds upon leaves of the apple tree, and forms its nest by crumpling and fastening leaves together in clusters. {Leaf cutter} (Zo[94]l.), any one of various species of wild bees of the genus {Megachile}, which cut rounded pieces from the edges of leaves, or the petals of flowers, to be used in the construction of their nests, which are made in holes and crevices, or in a leaf rolled up for the purpose. Among the common American species are {M. brevis} and {M. centuncularis}. Called also {rose-cutting bee}. {Leaf fat}, the fat which lies in leaves or layers within the body of an animal. {Leaf flea} (Zo[94]l.), a jumping plant louse of the family {Psyllid[91]}. {Leaf frog} (Zo[94]l.), any tree frog of the genus {Phyllomedusa}. {Leaf green}.(Bot.) See {Chlorophyll}. {Leaf hopper} (Zo[94]l.), any small jumping hemipterous insect of the genus {Tettigonia}, and allied genera. They live upon the leaves and twigs of plants. See {Live hopper}. {Leaf insect} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several genera and species of orthopterous insects, esp. of the genus {Phyllium}, in which the wings, and sometimes the legs, resemble leaves in color and form. They are common in Southern Asia and the East Indies. {Leaf lard}, lard from leaf fat. See under {Lard}. {Leaf louse} (Zo[94]l.), an aphid. {Leaf metal}, metal in thin leaves, as gold, silver, or tin. {Leaf miner} (Zo[94]l.), any one of various small lepidopterous and dipterous insects, which, in the larval stages, burrow in and eat the parenchyma of leaves; as, the pear-tree leaf miner ({Lithocolletis geminatella}). {Leaf notcher} (Zo[94]l.), a pale bluish green beetle ({Artipus Floridanus}), which, in Florida, eats the edges of the leaves of orange trees. {Leaf roller} (Zo[94]l.), the larva of any tortricid moth which makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of plants. See {Tortrix}. {Leaf scar} (Bot.), the cicatrix on a stem whence a leaf has fallen. {Leaf sewer} (Zo[94]l.), a tortricid moth, whose caterpillar makes a nest by rolling up a leaf and fastening the edges together with silk, as if sewn; esp., {Phoxopteris nubeculana}, which feeds upon the apple tree. {Leaf sight}, a hinges sight on a firearm, which can be raised or folded down. {Leaf trace} (Bot.), one or more fibrovascular bundles, which may be traced down an endogenous stem from the base of a leaf. {Leaf tier} (Zo[94]l.), a tortricid moth whose larva makes a nest by fastening the edges of a leaf together with silk; esp., {Teras cinderella}, found on the apple tree. {Leaf valve}, a valve which moves on a hinge. {Leaf wasp} (Zo[94]l.), a sawfiy. {To turn over a new leaf}, to make a radical change for the better in one's way of living or doing. [Colloq.] They were both determined to turn over a new leaf. --Richardson.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Leaven \Leav"en\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Leavened}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Leavening}.] 1. To make light by the action of leaven; to cause to ferment. A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump. --1 Cor. v. 6. 2. To imbue; to infect; to vitiate. With these and the like deceivable doctrines, he leavens also his prayer. --Milton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Leavening \Leav"en*ing\, n. 1. The act of making light, or causing to ferment, by means of leaven. 2. That which leavens or makes light. --Bacon.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Libament \Lib"ament\ (l[icr]b"[adot]m[eit]nt), n. [L. libamentum.] Libation. [Obs.] --Holland.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Livinian \Livi"nian\, n. A native or an inhabitant of Livonia; the language (allied to the Finnish) of the Livonians.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Livonian \Livo"nian\, a. Of or pertaining to Livonia, a district of Russia near the Baltic Sea.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
. [U.S.] 3. (Naut.) An apartment or passageway in the fore part of an old-fashioned cabin under the quarter-deck. 4. (Agric.) A confined place for cattle, formed by hedges. trees, or other fencing, near the farmyard. {Lobby member}, a lobbyist. [Humorous cant, U. S.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Lopeman \Lope"man\, n. Leaper; ropedancer. [Obs.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Love \Love\, n. [OE. love, luve, AS. lufe, lufu; akin to E. lief, believe, L. lubet, libet,it pleases, Skr. lubh to be lustful. See {Lief}.] 1. A feeling of strong attachment induced by that which delights or commands admiration; pre[89]minent kindness or devotion to another; affection; tenderness; as, the love of brothers and sisters. Of all the dearest bonds we prove Thou countest sons' and mothers' love Most sacred, most Thine own. --Keble. 2. Especially, devoted attachment to, or tender or passionate affection for, one of the opposite sex. He on his side Leaning half-raised, with looks of cordial love Hung over her enamored. --Milton. 3. Courtship; -- chiefly in the phrase to make love, i. e., to court, to woo, to solicit union in marriage. Demetrius . . . Made love to Nedar's daughter, Helena, And won her soul. --Shak. 4. Affection; kind feeling; friendship; strong liking or desire; fondness; good will; -- opposed to {hate}; often with of and an object. Love, and health to all. --Shak. Smit with the love of sacred song. --Milton. The love of science faintly warmed his breast. --Fenton. 5. Due gratitude and reverence to God. Keep yourselves in the love of God. --Jude 21. 6. The object of affection; -- often employed in endearing address. [bd]Trust me, love.[b8] --Dryden. Open the temple gates unto my love. --Spenser. 7. Cupid, the god of love; sometimes, Venus. Such was his form as painters, when they show Their utmost art, on naked Lores bestow. --Dryden. Therefore do nimble-pinioned doves draw Love. --Shak. 8. A thin silk stuff. [Obs.] --Boyle. 9. (Bot.) A climbing species of Clematis ({C. Vitalba}). 10. Nothing; no points scored on one side; -- used in counting score at tennis, etc. He won the match by three sets to love. --The Field. Note: Love is often used in the formation of compounds, in most of which the meaning is very obvious; as, love-cracked, love-darting, love-killing, love-linked, love-taught, etc. {A labor of love}, a labor undertaken on account of regard for some person, or through pleasure in the work itself, without expectation of reward. {Free love}, the doctrine or practice of consorting with one of the opposite sex, at pleasure, without marriage. See {Free love}. {Free lover}, one who avows or practices free love. {In love}, in the act of loving; -- said esp. of the love of the sexes; as, to be in love; to fall in love. {Love apple} (Bot.), the tomato. {Love bird} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of small, short-tailed parrots, or parrakeets, of the genus {Agapornis}, and allied genera. They are mostly from Africa. Some species are often kept as cage birds, and are celebrated for the affection which they show for their mates. {Love broker}, a person who for pay acts as agent between lovers, or as a go-between in a sexual intrigue. --Shak. {Love charm}, a charm for exciting love. --Ld. Lytton. {Love child}. an illegitimate child. --Jane Austen. {Love day}, a day formerly appointed for an amicable adjustment of differences. [Obs.] --Piers Plowman. --Chaucer. {Love drink}, a love potion; a philter. --Chaucer. {Love favor}, something given to be worn in token of love. {Love feast}, a religious festival, held quarterly by some religious denominations, as the Moravians and Methodists, in imitation of the agap[91] of the early Christians. {Love feat}, the gallant act of a lover. --Shak. {Love game}, a game, as in tennis, in which the vanquished person or party does not score a point. {Love grass}. [G. liebesgras.] (Bot.) Any grass of the genus {Eragrostis}. {Love-in-a-mist}. (Bot.) (a) An herb of the Buttercup family ({Nigella Damascena}) having the flowers hidden in a maze of finely cut bracts. (b) The West Indian {Passiflora f[d2]tida}, which has similar bracts. {Love-in-idleness} (Bot.), a kind of violet; the small pansy. A little western flower, Before milk-white, now purple with love's wound; And maidens call it love-in-idleness. --Shak. {Love juice}, juice of a plant supposed to produce love. --Shak. {Love knot}, a knot or bow, as of ribbon; -- so called from being used as a token of love, or as a pledge of mutual affection. --Milman. {Love lass}, a sweetheart. {Love letter}, a letter of courtship. --Shak. {Love-lies-bleeding} (Bot.), a species of amaranth ({Amarantus melancholicus}). {Love match}, a marriage brought about by love alone. {Love potion}, a compounded draught intended to excite love, or venereal desire. {Love rites}, sexual intercourse. --Pope {Love scene}, an exhibition of love, as between lovers on the stage. {Love suit}, courtship. --Shak. {Of all loves}, for the sake of all love; by all means. [Obs.] [bd]Mrs. Arden desired him of all loves to come back again.[b8] --Holinshed. {The god of love}, [or] {Love god}, Cupid. {To make love to}, to express affection for; to woo. [bd]If you will marry, make your loves to me.[b8] --Shak. {To play for love}, to play a game, as at cards, without stakes. [bd]A game at piquet for love.[b8] --Lamb. Syn: Affection; friendship; kindness; tenderness; fondness; delight.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Lovemonger \Love"mon`ger\, n. One who deals in affairs of love.[Obs.] --Shak.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Lupinin \Lu"pin*in\, n. (Chem.) A glucoside found in the seeds of several species of lupine, and extracted as a yellowish white crystalline substance.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Lupinine \Lu"pin*ine\, n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in several species of lupine ({Lupinus luteus}, {L. albus}, etc.), and extracted as a bitter crystalline substance.
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Lebanon, CT Zip code(s): 06249 Lebanon, IL (city, FIPS 42496) Location: 38.60305 N, 89.81498 W Population (1990): 3688 (1450 housing units) Area: 5.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 62254 Lebanon, IN (city, FIPS 42624) Location: 40.05164 N, 86.47346 W Population (1990): 12059 (4910 housing units) Area: 15.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 46052 Lebanon, KS (city, FIPS 39100) Location: 39.81049 N, 98.55705 W Population (1990): 364 (228 housing units) Area: 0.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Lebanon, KY (city, FIPS 44344) Location: 37.56703 N, 85.25444 W Population (1990): 5695 (2388 housing units) Area: 10.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 40033 Lebanon, MO (city, FIPS 41168) Location: 37.67055 N, 92.66086 W Population (1990): 9983 (4784 housing units) Area: 31.5 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 65536 Lebanon, NE (village, FIPS 26455) Location: 40.04921 N, 100.27593 W Population (1990): 75 (46 housing units) Area: 0.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 69036 Lebanon, NH (city, FIPS 41300) Location: 43.63527 N, 72.25418 W Population (1990): 12183 (5718 housing units) Area: 104.5 sq km (land), 2.6 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 03766 Lebanon, NJ (borough, FIPS 39630) Location: 40.64394 N, 74.83512 W Population (1990): 1036 (489 housing units) Area: 2.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 08833 Lebanon, NY Zip code(s): 13085 Lebanon, OH (city, FIPS 42364) Location: 39.42666 N, 84.21269 W Population (1990): 10453 (4121 housing units) Area: 24.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Lebanon, OK Zip code(s): 73440 Lebanon, OR (city, FIPS 41650) Location: 44.53485 N, 122.90435 W Population (1990): 10950 (4554 housing units) Area: 12.5 sq km (land), 0.4 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 97355 Lebanon, PA (city, FIPS 42168) Location: 40.34131 N, 76.42326 W Population (1990): 24800 (10996 housing units) Area: 10.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Lebanon, SD (town, FIPS 36260) Location: 45.06891 N, 99.76588 W Population (1990): 115 (59 housing units) Area: 1.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 57455 Lebanon, TN (city, FIPS 41520) Location: 36.20978 N, 86.32220 W Population (1990): 15208 (6592 housing units) Area: 46.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 37087 Lebanon, VA (town, FIPS 44696) Location: 36.89940 N, 82.07853 W Population (1990): 3386 (1455 housing units) Area: 10.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 24266
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Lebanon Church, VA Zip code(s): 22641
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Lebanon County, PA (county, FIPS 75) Location: 40.36723 N, 76.45744 W Population (1990): 113744 (44634 housing units) Area: 937.1 sq km (land), 2.1 sq km (water)
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Lebanon Junction, KY (city, FIPS 44362) Location: 37.83376 N, 85.72542 W Population (1990): 1741 (685 housing units) Area: 13.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 40150
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Lebanon South, PA (CDP, FIPS 42192) Location: 40.32856 N, 76.40830 W Population (1990): 1764 (773 housing units) Area: 2.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Lee Vining, CA Zip code(s): 93541
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]:
Lebanon white, "the white mountain of Syria," is the loftiest and most celebrated mountain range in Syria. It is a branch running southward from the Caucasus, and at its lower end forking into two parallel ranges, the eastern or Anti-Lebanon, and the western or Lebanon proper. They enclose a long valley (Josh. 11:17) of from 5 to 8 miles in width, called by Roman writers Coele-Syria, now called el-Buka'a, "the valley," a prolongation of the valley of the Jordan. Lebanon proper, Jebel es-Sharki, commences at its southern extremity in the gorge of the Leontes, the ancient Litany, and extends north-east, parallel to the Mediterranean coast, as far as the river Eleutherus, at the plain of Emesa, "the entering of Hamath" (Num. 34:8; 1 Kings 8:65), in all about 90 geographical miles in extent. The average height of this range is from 6,000 to 8,000 feet; the peak of Jebel Mukhmel is about 10,200 feet, and the Sannin about 9,000. The highest peaks are covered with perpetual snow and ice. In the recesses of the range wild beasts as of old still abound (2 Kings 14:9; Cant. 4:8). The scenes of the Lebanon are remarkable for their grandeur and beauty, and supplied the sacred writers with many expressive similes (Ps. 29:5, 6; 72:16; 104:16-18; Cant. 4:15; Isa. 2:13; 35:2; 60:13; Hos. 14:5). It is famous for its cedars (Cant. 5:15), its wines (Hos. 14:7), and its cool waters (Jer. 18:14). The ancient inhabitants were Giblites and Hivites (Josh. 13:5; Judg. 3:3). It was part of the Phoenician kingdom (1 Kings 5:2-6). The eastern range, or Anti-Lebanon, or "Lebanon towards the sunrising," runs nearly parallel with the western from the plain of Emesa till it connects with the hills of Galilee in the south. The height of this range is about 5,000 feet. Its highest peak is Hermon (q.v.), from which a number of lesser ranges radiate. Lebanon is first mentioned in the description of the boundary of Palestine (Deut. 1:7; 11:24). It was assigned to Israel, but was never conquered (Josh. 13:2-6; Judg. 3:1-3). The Lebanon range is now inhabited by a population of about 300,000 Christians, Maronites, and Druses, and is ruled by a Christian governor. The Anti-Lebanon is inhabited by Mohammedans, and is under a Turkish ruler.
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]:
Lebanon, white, incense
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Lebanon Note--Lebanon has made progress toward rebuilding its political institutions and regaining its national sovereignty since the end of the devastating 16-year civil war which began in 1975. Under the Ta'if accord - the blueprint for national reconciliation - the Lebanese have established a more equitable political system, particularly by giving Muslims a greater say in the political process. Since December 1990, the Lebanese have formed three cabinets and conducted the first legislative election in 20 years. Most of the militias have been weakened or disbanded. The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) has seized vast quantities of weapons used by the militias during the war and extended central government authority over about one-half of the country. Hizballah, the radical Sh'ia party, retains most of its weapons. Foreign forces still occupy areas of Lebanon. Israel maintains troops in southern Lebanon and continues to support a proxy militia, The Army of South Lebanon (ASL), along a narrow stretch of territory contiguous to its border. The ASL's enclave encompasses this self-declared security zone and about 20 kilometers north to the strategic town of Jazzine. As of December 1993, Syria maintained about 30,000-35,000 troops in Lebanon. These troops are based mainly in Beirut, North Lebanon, and the Bekaa Valley. Syria's deployment was legitimized by the Arab League early in Lebanon's civil war and in the Ta'if accord. Citing the continued weakness of the LAF, Beirut's requests, and failure of the Lebanese Government to implement all of the constitutional reforms in the Ta'if accord, Damascus has so far refused to withdraw its troops from Beirut. Lebanon:Geography Location: Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria Map references: Middle East Area: total area: 10,400 sq km land area: 10,230 sq km comparative area: about 0.8 times the size of Connecticut Land boundaries: total 454 km, Israel 79 km, Syria 375 km Coastline: 225 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: separated from Israel by the 1949 Armistice Line; Israeli troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982; Syrian troops in northern, central, and eastern Lebanon since October 1976 Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows Terrain: narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains Natural resources: limestone, iron ore, salt, water-surplus state in a water-deficit region Land use: arable land: 21% permanent crops: 9% meadows and pastures: 1% forest and woodland: 8% other: 61% Irrigated land: 860 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Beirut from vehicular traffic and the burning of industrial wastes; pollution of coastal waters from raw sewage and oil spills natural hazards: duststorms, sandstorms international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation Note: Nahr al Litani only major river in Near East not crossing an international boundary; rugged terrain historically helped isolate, protect, and develop numerous factional groups based on religion, clan, and ethnicity Lebanon:People Population: 3,695,921 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 36% (female 657,403; male 682,757) 15-64 years: 58% (female 1,131,450; male 1,016,859) 65 years and over: 6% (female 111,585; male 95,867) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.15% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 27.9 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.44 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 38 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.69 years male: 67.22 years female: 72.28 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.31 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Lebanese (singular and plural) adjective: Lebanese Ethnic divisions: Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, other 1% Religions: Islam 70% (5 legally recognized Islamic groups - Alawite or Nusayri, Druze, Isma'ilite, Shi'a, Sunni), Christian 30% (11 legally recognized Christian groups - 4 Orthodox Christian, 6 Catholic, 1 Protestant), Judaism NEGL% Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), Armenian, English Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 80% male: 88% female: 73% Labor force: 650,000 by occupation: industry, commerce, and services 79%, agriculture 11%, government 10% (1985) Lebanon:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Lebanon conventional short form: Lebanon local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah local short form: none Digraph: LE Type: republic Capital: Beirut Administrative divisions: 5 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Biqa, 'Al Janub, Ash Shamal, Bayrut, Jabal Lubnan Independence: 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) National holiday: Independence Day, 22 November (1943) Constitution: 23 May 1926, amended a number of times Legal system: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, Napoleonic code, and civil law; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education Executive branch: chief of state: President Ilyas HARAWI (since 24 November 1989); note - by custom, the president is a Maronite Christian, the prime minister is a Sunni Muslim, and the speaker of the legislature is a Shi'a Muslim head of government: Prime Minister Rafiq HARIRI (since 22 October 1992) cabinet: Cabinet; chosen by the president in consultation with the members of the National Assembly Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: (Arabic - Majlis Alnuwab, French - Assemblee Nationale) Lebanon's first legislative election in 20 years was held in the summer of 1992; the National Assembly is composed of 128 deputies, one-half Christian and one-half Muslim; its mandate expires in 1996 Judicial branch: four Courts of Cassation (three courts for civil and commercial cases and one court for criminal cases) Political parties and leaders: political party activity is organized along largely sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations Member of: ABEDA, ACCT, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNRWA, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Riyad TABBARAH chancery: 2560 28th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6300 FAX: [1] (202) 939-6324 consulate(s) general: Detroit, New York, and Los Angeles US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant) embassy: Antelias, Beirut address: P. O. Box 70-840, Beirut; PSC 815, Box 2, Beirut; FPO AE 09836-0002 telephone: [961] (1) 402200, 403300, 416502, 426183, 417774 FAX: [961] (1) 407112 Flag: three horizontal bands of red (top), white (double width), and red with a green and brown cedar tree centered in the white band Economy Overview: The 1975-1991 civil war seriously damaged Lebanon's economic infrastructure, cut national output by half, and all but ended Lebanon's position as a Middle Eastern entrepot and banking hub. A tentative peace has enabled the central government to begin restoring control in Beirut, collect taxes, and regain access to key port and government facilities. The battered economy has also been propped up by a financially sound banking system and resilient small- and medium-scale manufacturers. Family remittances, banking transactions, manufactured and farm exports, the narcotics trade, and international emergency aid are the main sources of foreign exchange. In the relatively settled year of 1991, industrial production, agricultural output, and exports showed substantial gains. The further rebuilding of the war-ravaged country was delayed in 1992 because of an upturn in political wrangling. In October 1992, Rafiq HARIRI was appointed Prime Minister. HARIRI, a wealthy entrepreneur, announced ambitious plans for Lebanon's reconstruction which involve a substantial influx of foreign aid and investment. Progress on restoring basic services is limited. Since Prime Minister HARIRI's appointment, the most significant improvement lies in the stabilization of the Lebanese pound, which had gained over 30% in value by yearend 1993. The years 1993 and 1994 were marked by efforts of the new administration to encourage domestic and foreign investment and to obtain additional international assistance. The construction sector led the 8.5% advance in real GDP in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $15.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $4,360 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 35% (1993 est.) Budget: revenues: $1.4 billion expenditures: $3.2 billion (1994 est.) Exports: $925 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: agricultural products, chemicals, textiles, precious and semiprecious metals and jewelry, metals and metal products partners: Saudi Arabia 21%, Switzerland 9.5%, Jordan 6%, Kuwait 12%, US 5% Imports: $4.1 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: consumer goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products partners: Italy 14%, France 12%, US 6%, Turkey 5%, Saudi Arabia 3% External debt: $765 million (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 25% (1993 est.) Electricity: capacity: 1,220,000 kW production: 2.5 billion kWh consumption per capita: 676 kWh (1993) Industries: banking, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, jewelry, some metal fabricating Agriculture: principal products - citrus fruits, vegetables, potatoes, olives, tobacco, hemp (hashish), sheep, goats; not self-sufficient in grain Illicit drugs: illicit producer of hashish and heroin for the international drug trade; hashish production is shipped to Western Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America; increasingly a key locus of cocaine processing and trafficking; a Lebanese/Syrian 1994 eradication campaign eliminated the opium crop and caused a 50% decrease in the cannabis crop Economic aid: the government estimates that it has received $1.7 billion in aid and has an additional $725 million in commitments to support its $3 billion National Emergency Recovery Program Currency: 1 Lebanese pound (#L) = 100 piasters Exchange rates: Lebanese pounds (#L) per US$1 - 1,644.6 (January 1995), 1,680.1 (1994), 1,741.4 (1993), 1,712.8 (1992), 928.23 (1991), 695.09 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year Lebanon:Transportation Railroads: total: 222 km standard gauge: 222 km 1.435-m note: system in disrepair, considered inoperable Highways: total: 7,300 km paved: 6,200 km unpaved: gravel 450 km; improved earth 650 km Pipelines: crude oil 72 km (none in operation) Ports: Al Batrun, Al Mina, An Naqurah, Antilyas, Az Zahrani, Beirut, Jubayl, Juniyah, Shikka Jadidah, Sidon, Tripoli, Tyre Merchant marine: total: 64 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 260,383 GRT/381,937 DWT ships by type: bulk 4, cargo 41, chemical tanker 1, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, container 2, livestock carrier 6, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off cargo 2, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 2 Airports: total: 9 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 Lebanon:Communications Telephone system: 325,000 telephones; 95 telephones/1,000 persons; telecommunications system severely damaged by civil war; rebuilding still underway local: NA intercity: primarily microwave radio relay and cable international: 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) earth stations (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; microwave radio relay to Syria but inoperable beyond Syria to Jordan; 3 submarine coaxial cables Radio: broadcast stations: AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0; note - numerous AM and FM stations are operated sporadically by various factions radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 13 televisions: NA Lebanon:Defense Forces Branches: Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; includes Army, Navy, and Air Force) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 857,698; males fit for military service 533,640 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $278 million, 5.5% of GDP (1994)