art object : Dictionary / Wörterbuch (BEOLINGUS, TU Chemnitz)

   aardvark
         n 1: nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that
               feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order
               Tubulidentata [syn: {aardvark}, {ant bear}, {anteater},
               {Orycteropus afer}]

English Dictionary: art object	by the DICT Development Group
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
air defense n defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify their effectiveness
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
air division n a unit of the United States Air Force usually comprising two or more wings Synonym(s): division, air division
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
ardeb n a unit of dry measure used in Egypt
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
art department n the academic department responsible for teaching art and art appreciation
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
art form n (architecture) a form of artistic expression (such as writing or painting or architecture)
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
art object n a work of art of some artistic value; "this store sells only objets d'art"; "it is not known who created this piece" Synonym(s): objet d'art, art object, piece
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
art paper n a high-quality paper (usually having a filler of china clay)
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artefact n a man-made object taken as a whole [syn: artifact, artefact] Antonym(s): natural object
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artefactual adj of or relating to artifacts [syn: artifactual, artefactual]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artful adj not straightforward or candid; giving a false appearance of frankness; "an ambitious, disingenuous, philistine, and hypocritical operator, who...exemplified...the most disagreeable traits of his time"- David Cannadine; "a disingenuous excuse" Synonym(s): disingenuous, artful Antonym(s): artless, ingenuous marked by skill in achieving a desired end especially with cunning or craft; "the artful dodger"; "an artful choice of metaphors" Antonym(s): artless
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artfully adv in an artful manner; "her foot pointed artfully toward tapering toes" in a disingenuous manner; "disingenuously, he asked leading questions abut his opponent's work" Synonym(s): disingenuously, artfully in an artful manner; "he craftily arranged to be there when the decision was announced"; "had ever circumstances conspired so cunningly?" Synonym(s): craftily, cunningly, foxily, knavishly, slyly, trickily, artfully
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artfulness n the quality of being adroit in taking unfair advantage Antonym(s): artlessness
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artifact n a man-made object taken as a whole [syn: artifact, artefact] Antonym(s): natural object
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artifactual adj of or relating to artifacts [syn: artifactual, artefactual]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artifice n a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture) [syn: ruse, artifice]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificer n someone who is the first to think of or make something Synonym(s): inventor, discoverer, artificer a skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft Synonym(s): craftsman, artisan, journeyman, artificer an enlisted man responsible for the upkeep of small arms and machine guns etc. Synonym(s): armorer, armourer, artificer
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial adj contrived by art rather than nature; "artificial flowers"; "artificial flavoring"; "an artificial diamond"; "artificial fibers"; "artificial sweeteners" Synonym(s): artificial, unreal Antonym(s): natural artificially formal; "that artificial humility that her husband hated"; "contrived coyness"; "a stilted letter of acknowledgment"; "when people try to correct their speech they develop a stilted pronunciation" Synonym(s): artificial, contrived, hokey, stilted not arising from natural growth or characterized by vital processes
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial additive n an additive to food intended to improve its flavor or appearance or shelf-life Synonym(s): food additive, artificial additive
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial blood n a liquid that can carry large amounts of oxygen and can serve as a temporary substitute for blood
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial flower n a handmade imitation of a blossom
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial heart n a pump that replaces the natural heart
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial horizon n a navigational instrument based on a gyroscope; it artificially provides a simulated horizon for the pilot Synonym(s): artificial horizon, gyro horizon, flight indicator
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial insemination n the introduction of semen into the oviduct or uterus by some means other than sexual intercourse Synonym(s): artificial insemination, AI
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial intelligence n the branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively; "workers in AI hope to imitate or duplicate intelligence in computers and robots" Synonym(s): artificial intelligence, AI
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial joint n a metal or plastic part that is surgically implanted to replace a natural joint (possibly elbow or wrist but usually hip or knee)
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial kidney n a machine that uses dialysis to remove impurities and waste products from the bloodstream before returning the blood to the patient's body Synonym(s): artificial kidney, hemodialyzer
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial lake n lake used to store water for community use [syn: reservoir, artificial lake, man-made lake]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial language n a language that is deliberately created for a specific purpose Antonym(s): natural language, tongue
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial pacemaker n an implanted electronic device that takes over the function of the natural cardiac pacemaker Synonym(s): pacemaker, artificial pacemaker
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial respiration n an emergency procedure whereby breathing is maintained artificially
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial satellite n man-made equipment that orbits around the earth or the moon Synonym(s): satellite, artificial satellite, orbiter
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificial skin n a synthetic covering with two layers used experimentally to treat burn victims
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificiality n the quality of being produced by people and not occurring naturally
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
artificially adv not according to nature; not by natural means; "artificially induced conditions" Synonym(s): artificially, unnaturally, by artificial means Antonym(s): naturally
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Account \Ac*count"\, n. [OE. acount, account, accompt, OF. acont, fr. aconter. See {Account}, v. t., {Count}, n., 1.] 1. A reckoning; computation; calculation; enumeration; a record of some reckoning; as, the Julian account of time. A beggarly account of empty boxes. --Shak. 2. A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review; as, to keep one's account at the bank. 3. A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; as, no satisfactory account has been given of these phenomena. Hence, the word is often used simply for reason, ground, consideration, motive, etc.; as, on no account, on every account, on all accounts. 4. A statement of facts or occurrences; recital of transactions; a relation or narrative; a report; a description; as, an account of a battle. [bd]A laudable account of the city of London.[b8] --Howell. 5. A statement and explanation or vindication of one's conduct with reference to judgment thereon. Give an account of thy stewardship. --Luke xvi. 2. 6. An estimate or estimation; valuation; judgment. [bd]To stand high in your account.[b8] --Shak. 7. Importance; worth; value; advantage; profit. [bd]Men of account.[b8] --Pope. [bd]To turn to account.[b8] --Shak. {Account current}, a running or continued account between two or more parties, or a statement of the particulars of such an account. {In account with}, in a relation requiring an account to be kept. {On account of}, for the sake of; by reason of; because of. {On one's own account}, for one's own interest or behalf. {To make account}, to have an opinion or expectation; to reckon. [Obs.] This other part . . . makes account to find no slender arguments for this assertion out of those very scriptures which are commonly urged against it. --Milton. {To make account of}, to hold in estimation; to esteem; as, he makes small account of beauty. {To take account of}, or {to take into account}, to take into consideration; to notice. [bd]Of their doings, God takes no account.[b8] --Milton . {A writ of account} (Law), a writ which the plaintiff brings demanding that the defendant shall render his just account, or show good cause to the contrary; -- called also an {action of account}. --Cowell. Syn: Narrative; narration; relation; recital; description; explanation; rehearsal. Usage: {Account}, {Narrative}, {Narration}, {Recital}. These words are applied to different modes of rehearsing a series of events. {Account} turns attention not so much to the speaker as to the fact related, and more properly applies to the report of some single event, or a group of incidents taken as whole; as, an {account} of a battle, of a shipwreck, etc. A {narrative} is a continuous story of connected incidents, such as one friend might tell to another; as, a {narrative} of the events of a siege, a {narrative} of one's life, etc. {Narration} is usually the same as {narrative}, but is sometimes used to describe the {mode} of relating events; as, his powers of {narration} are uncommonly great. {Recital} denotes a series of events drawn out into minute particulars, usually expressing something which peculiarly interests the feelings of the speaker; as, the {recital} of one's wrongs, disappointments, sufferings, etc.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
6. To perform the duties belonging to, or required in or for; hence, to be of use to; as, a curate may serve two churches; to serve one's country. 7. To contribute or conduce to; to promote; to be sufficient for; to satisfy; as, to serve one's turn. Turn it into some advantage, by observing where it can serve another end. --Jer. Taylor. 8. To answer or be (in the place of something) to; as, a sofa serves one for a seat and a couch. 9. To treat; to behave one's self to; to requite; to act toward; as, he served me very ill. 10. To work; to operate; as, to serve the guns. 11. (Law) (a) To bring to notice, deliver, or execute, either actually or constructively, in such manner as the law requires; as, to serve a summons. (b) To make legal service opon (a person named in a writ, summons, etc.); as, to serve a witness with a subp[oe]na. 12. To pass or spend, as time, esp. time of punishment; as, to serve a term in prison. 13. To copulate with; to cover; as, a horse serves a mare; -- said of the male. 14. (Tennis) To lead off in delivering (the ball). 15. (Naut.) To wind spun yarn, or the like, tightly around (a rope or cable, etc.) so as to protect it from chafing or from the weather. See under {Serving}. {To serve an attachment} [or] {a writ of attachment} (Law), to levy it on the person or goods by seizure, or to seize. {To serve an execution} (Law), to levy it on a lands, goods, or person, by seizure or taking possession. {To serve an office}, to discharge a public duty. {To serve a process} (Law), in general, to read it, so as to give due notice to the party concerned, or to leave an attested copy with him or his attorney, or his usual place of abode. {To serve a warrant}, to read it, and seize the person against whom it is issued. {To serve a writ} (Law), to read it to the defendant, or to leave an attested copy at his usual place of abode. {To serve one out}, to retaliate upon; to requite. [bd]I'll serve you out for this.[b8] --C. Kingsley. {To serve one right}, to treat, or cause to befall one, according to his deserts; -- used commonly of ill deserts; as, it serves the scoundrel right. {To serve one's self of}, to avail one's self of; to make use of. [A Gallicism] I will serve myself of this concession. --Chillingworth. {To serve out}, to distribute; as, to serve out rations. {To serve the time} [or] {the hour}, to regulate one's actions by the requirements of the time instead of by one's duty; to be a timeserver. [Obs.] They think herein we serve the time, because thereby we either hold or seek preferment. --Hooker. Syn: To obey; minister to; subserve; promote; aid; help; assist; benefit; succor.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
d8Bravura \[d8]Bra*vu"ra\, n. [It., (properly) bravery, spirit, from bravo. See {Brave}.] (Mus.) A florid, brilliant style of music, written for effect, to show the range and flexibility of a singer's voice, or the technical force and skill of a performer; virtuoso music. {Aria di bravura}[It.], a florid air demanding brilliant execution.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artful \Art"ful\, a. [From {Art}.] 1. Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill. [Archaic] [bd]Artful strains.[b8] [bd]Artful terms.[b8] --Milton. 2. Artificial; imitative. --Addison. 3. Using or exhibiting much art, skill, or contrivance; dexterous; skillful. He [was] too artful a writer to set down events in exact historical order. --Dryden. 4. Cunning; disposed to cunning indirectness of dealing; crafty; as, an artful boy. [The usual sense.] Artful in speech, in action, and in mind. --Pope. The artful revenge of various animals. --Darwin. Syn: Cunning; skillful; adroit; dexterous; crafty; tricky; deceitful; designing. See {Cunning}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artfully \Art"ful*ly\, adv. In an artful manner; with art or cunning; skillfully; dexterously; craftily.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artfulness \Art"ful*ness\, n. The quality of being artful; art; cunning; craft.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artifact \Ar"ti*fact\, n. [L. ars, artis, art + facere, factum, to make.] 1. (Arch[91]ol.) A product of human workmanship; -- applied esp. to the simpler products of aboriginal art as distinguished from natural objects. 2. (Biol.) A structure or appearance in protoplasm due to death or the use of reagents and not present during life.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artifice \Ar"ti*fice\, n. [L. artificium, fr. artifex artificer; ars, artis, art + facere to make: cf. F. artifice.] 1. A handicraft; a trade; art of making. [Obs.] 2. Workmanship; a skillfully contrived work. The material universe.. in the artifice of God, the artifice of the best Mechanist. --Cudworth. 3. Artful or skillful contrivance. His [Congreve's] plots were constructed without much artifice. --Craik. 4. Crafty device; an artful, ingenious, or elaborate trick. Note: [Now the usual meaning.] Those who were conscious of guilt employed numerous artifices for the purpose of averting inquiry. --Macaulay.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificer \Artif"icer\, n. [Cf. F. artificier, fr. LL. artificiarius.] 1. An artistic worker; a mechanic or manufacturer; one whose occupation requires skill or knowledge of a particular kind, as a silversmith. 2. One who makes or contrives; a deviser, inventor, or framer. [bd]Artificer of fraud.[b8] --Milton. The great Artificer of all that moves. --Cowper. 3. A cunning or artful fellow. [Obs.] --B. Jonson. 4. (Mil.) A military mechanic, as a blacksmith, carpenter, etc.; also, one who prepares the shells, fuses, grenades, etc., in a military laboratory. Syn: Artisan; artist. See {Artisan}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Person \Per"son\, n. [OE. persone, persoun, person, parson, OF. persone, F. personne, L. persona a mask (used by actors), a personage, part, a person, fr. personare to sound through; per + sonare to sound. See {Per-}, and cf. {Parson}.] 1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character. [Archaic] His first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler. --Bacon. No man can long put on a person and act a part. --Jer. Taylor. To bear rule, which was thy part And person, hadst thou known thyself aright. --Milton. How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate and that of a friend! --South. 2. The bodily form of a human being; body; outward appearance; as, of comely person. A fair persone, and strong, and young of age. --Chaucer. If it assume my noble father's person. --Shak. Love, sweetness, goodness, in her person shined. --Milton. 3. A living, self-conscious being, as distinct from an animal or a thing; a moral agent; a human being; a man, woman, or child. Consider what person stands for; which, I think, is a thinking, intelligent being, that has reason and reflection. --Locke. 4. A human being spoken of indefinitely; one; a man; as, any person present. 5. A parson; the parish priest. [Obs.] --Chaucer. 6. (Theol.) Among Trinitarians, one of the three subdivisions of the Godhead (the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost); an hypostasis. [bd]Three persons and one God.[b8] --Bk. of Com. Prayer. 7. (Gram.) One of three relations or conditions (that of speaking, that of being spoken to, and that of being spoken of) pertaining to a noun or a pronoun, and thence also to the verb of which it may be the subject. Note: A noun or pronoun, when representing the speaker, is said to be in the first person; when representing what is spoken to, in the second person; when representing what is spoken of, in the third person. 8. (Biol.) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals. --Haeckel. True corms, composed of united person[91] . . . usually arise by gemmation, . . . yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons. --Encyc. Brit. {Artificial}, [or] {Fictitious}, {person} (Law), a corporation or body politic. --blackstone.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Tangent \Tan"gent\, n. [L. tangens, -entis, p. pr. of tangere to touch; akin to Gr. [?] having seized: cf. F. tangente. Cf. {Attain}, {Contaminate}, {Contingent}, {Entire}, {Tact}, {Taste}, {Tax}, v. t.] (Geom.) A tangent line curve, or surface; specifically, that portion of the straight line tangent to a curve that is between the point of tangency and a given line, the given line being, for example, the axis of abscissas, or a radius of a circle produced. See {Trigonometrical function}, under {Function}. {Artificial}, [or] {Logarithmic}, {tangent}, the logarithm of the natural tangent of an arc. {Natural tangent}, a decimal expressing the length of the tangent of an arc, the radius being reckoned unity. {Tangent galvanometer} (Elec.), a form of galvanometer having a circular coil and a short needle, in which the tangent of the angle of deflection of the needle is proportional to the strength of the current. {Tangent of an angle}, the natural tangent of the arc subtending or measuring the angle. {Tangent of an arc}, a right line, as ta, touching the arc of a circle at one extremity a, and terminated by a line ct, passing from the center through the other extremity o.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Classification \Clas`sifica"tion\, n. [Cf. F. classification.] The act of forming into a class or classes; a distibution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or affinities. {Artificial classification}. (Science) See under {Artifitial}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Fuel \Fu"el\, n. [OF. fouail, fuail, or fouaille, fuaille, LL. focalium, focale, fr. L. focus hearth, fireplace, in LL., fire. See {Focus}.] [Formerly written also {fewel.}] 1. Any matter used to produce heat by burning; that which feeds fire; combustible matter used for fires, as wood, coal, peat, etc. 2. Anything that serves to feed or increase passion or excitement. {Artificial fuel}, fuel consisting of small particles, as coal dust, sawdust, etc., consolidated into lumps or blocks.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Gem \Gem\, n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.] 1. (Bot.) A bud. From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. --Denham. 2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. --Milton. 3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. {Artificial gem}, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. {Paste}, and {Strass}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Globe \Globe\, n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.] 1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere. 2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp. 3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article. --Locke. 4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also {artificial globe}. 5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square. Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. --Milton. {Globe amaranth} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Gomphrena} ({G. globosa}), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered. {Globe animalcule}, a small, globular, locomotive organism ({Volvox globator}), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg[91]. {Globe of compression} (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also {overcharged mine}. {Globe daisy} (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus {Globularing}, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads. {Globe sight}, a form of front sight placed on target rifles. {Globe slater} (Zo[94]l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus {Spheroma}. {Globe thistle} (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads ({Cynara Scolymus}); also, certain species of the related genus {Echinops}. {Globe valve}. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. --Knight.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Horizon \Ho*ri"zon\, n. [F., fr. L. horizon, fr. Gr. [?] (sc. [?]) the bounding line, horizon, fr. [?] to bound, fr. [?] boundary, limit.] 1. The circle which bounds that part of the earth's surface visible to a spectator from a given point; the apparent junction of the earth and sky. And when the morning sun shall raise his car Above the border of this horizon. --Shak. All the horizon round Invested with bright rays. --Milton. 2. (Astron.) (a) A plane passing through the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the vertical at a given place; a plane tangent to the earth's surface at that place; called distinctively the sensible horizon. (b) A plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a place, and passing through the earth's center; -- called also {rational [or] celestial horizon}. (c) (Naut.) The unbroken line separating sky and water, as seen by an eye at a given elevation, no land being visible. 3. (Geol.) The epoch or time during which a deposit was made. The strata all over the earth, which were formed at the same time, are said to belong to the same geological horizon. --Le Conte. 4. (Painting) The chief horizontal line in a picture of any sort, which determines in the picture the height of the eye of the spectator; in an extended landscape, the representation of the natural horizon corresponds with this line. {Apparent horizon}. See under {Apparent}. {Artificial horizon}, a level mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow vessel, or a plane reflector adjusted to the true level artificially; -- used chiefly with the sextant for observing the double altitude of a celestial body. {Celestial horizon}. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. {Dip of the horizon} (Astron.), the vertical angle between the sensible horizon and a line to the visible horizon, the latter always being below the former. {Rational horizon}, and {Sensible horizon}. (Astron.) See def. 2, above. {Visible horizon}. See definitions 1 and 2, above.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Magnet \Mag"net\, n. [OE. magnete, OF. magnete, L. magnes, -etis, Gr. [?] [?] a magnet, metal that looked like silver, prop., Magnesian stone, fr. Gr. [?], a country in Thessaly. Cf. {Magnesia}, {Manganese}.] 1. The loadstone; a species of iron ore (the ferrosoferric or magnetic ore, {Fe3O4}) which has the property of attracting iron and some of its ores, and, when freely suspended, of pointing to the poles; -- called also {natural magnet}. Dinocrates began to make the arched roof of the temple of Arsino[89] all of magnet, or this loadstone. --Holland. Two magnets, heaven and earth, allure to bliss, The larger loadstone that, the nearer this. --Dryden. 2. (Physics) A bar or mass of steel or iron to which the peculiar properties of the loadstone have been imparted; -- called, in distinction from the loadstone, an {artificial magnet}. Note: An artificial magnet, produced by the action of a voltaic or electrical battery, is called an {electro-magnet}. {Field magnet} (Physics & Elec.), a magnet used for producing and maintaining a magnetic field; -- used especially of the stationary or exciting magnet of a dynamo or electromotor in distinction from that of the moving portion or armature.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
9. A body of persons having some common honorary distinction or rule of obligation; esp., a body of religious persons or aggregate of convents living under a common rule; as, the Order of the Bath; the Franciscan order. Find a barefoot brother out, One of our order, to associate me. --Shak. The venerable order of the Knights Templars. --Sir W. Scott. 10. An ecclesiastical grade or rank, as of deacon, priest, or bishop; the office of the Christian ministry; -- often used in the plural; as, to take orders, or to take holy orders, that is, to enter some grade of the ministry. 11. (Arch.) The disposition of a column and its component parts, and of the entablature resting upon it, in classical architecture; hence (as the column and entablature are the characteristic features of classical architecture) a style or manner of architectural designing. Note: The Greeks used three different orders, easy to distinguish, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The Romans added the Tuscan, and changed the Doric so that it is hardly recognizable, and also used a modified Corinthian called Composite. The Renaissance writers on architecture recognized five orders as orthodox or classical, -- Doric (the Roman sort), Ionic, Tuscan, Corinthian, and Composite. See Illust. of {Capital}. 12. (Nat. Hist.) An assemblage of genera having certain important characters in common; as, the Carnivora and Insectivora are orders of Mammalia. Note: The Linn[91]an artificial orders of plants rested mainly on identity in the numer of pistils, or agreement in some one character. Natural orders are groups of genera agreeing in the fundamental plan of their flowers and fruit. A natural order is usually (in botany) equivalent to a family, and may include several tribes. 13. (Rhet.) The placing of words and members in a sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and beauty or clearness of expression. 14. (Math.) Rank; degree; thus, the order of a curve or surface is the same as the degree of its equation. {Artificial order} [or] {system}. See {Artificial classification}, under {Artificial}, and Note to def. 12 above. {Close order} (Mil.), the arrangement of the ranks with a distance of about half a pace between them; with a distance of about three yards the ranks are in {open order}. {The four Orders}, {The Orders four}, the four orders of mendicant friars. See {Friar}. --Chaucer. {General orders} (Mil.), orders issued which concern the whole command, or the troops generally, in distinction from special orders. {Holy orders}. (a) (Eccl.) The different grades of the Christian ministry; ordination to the ministry. See def. 10 above. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A sacrament for the purpose of conferring a special grace on those ordained. {In order to}, for the purpose of; to the end; as means to. The best knowledge is that which is of greatest use in order to our eternal happiness. --Tillotson. {Minor orders} (R. C. Ch.), orders beneath the diaconate in sacramental dignity, as acolyte, exorcist, reader, doorkeeper. {Money order}. See under {Money}. {Natural order}. (Bot.) See def. 12, Note. {Order book}. (a) A merchant's book in which orders are entered. (b) (Mil.) A book kept at headquarters, in which all orders are recorded for the information of officers and men. (c) A book in the House of Commons in which proposed orders must be entered. [Eng.] {Order in Council}, a royal order issued with and by the advice of the Privy Council. [Great Britain] {Order of battle} (Mil.), the particular disposition given to the troops of an army on the field of battle. {Order of the day}, in legislative bodies, the special business appointed for a specified day. {Order of a differential equation} (Math.), the greatest index of differentiation in the equation. {Sailing orders} (Naut.), the final instructions given to the commander of a ship of war before a cruise. {Sealed orders}, orders sealed, and not to be opened until a certain time, or arrival at a certain place, as after a ship is at sea. {Standing order}. (a) A continuing regulation for the conduct of parliamentary business. (b) (Mil.) An order not subject to change by an officer temporarily in command. {To give order}, to give command or directions. --Shak. {To take order for}, to take charge of; to make arrangements concerning. Whiles I take order for mine own affairs. --Shak. Syn: Arrangement; management. See {Direction}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Sine \Sine\, n. [LL. sinus a sine, L. sinus bosom, used in translating the Ar. jaib, properly, bosom, but probably read by mistake (the consonants being the same) for an original j[c6]ba sine, from Skr. j[c6]va bowstring, chord of an arc, sine.] (Trig.) (a) The length of a perpendicular drawn from one extremity of an arc of a circle to the diameter drawn through the other extremity. (b) The perpendicular itself. See {Sine of angle}, below. {Artificial sines}, logarithms of the natural sines, or logarithmic sines. {Curve of sines}. See {Sinusoid}. {Natural sines}, the decimals expressing the values of the sines, the radius being unity. {Sine of an angle}, in a circle whose radius is unity, the sine of the arc that measures the angle; in a right-angled triangle, the side opposite the given angle divided by the hypotenuse. See {Trigonometrical function}, under {Function}. {Versed sine}, that part of the diameter between the sine and the arc.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificial \Ar`ti*fi"cial\, a. [L. artificialis, fr. artificium: cf. F. artificiel. See {Artifice}.] 1. Made or contrived by art; produced or modified by human skill and labor, in opposition to natural; as, artificial heat or light, gems, salts, minerals, fountains, flowers. Artificial strife Lives in these touches, livelier than life. --Shak. 2. Feigned; fictitious; assumed; affected; not genuine. [bd]Artificial tears.[b8] --Shak. 3. Artful; cunning; crafty. [Obs.] --Shak. 4. Cultivated; not indigenous; not of spontaneous growth; as, artificial grasses. --Gibbon. {Artificial arguments} (Rhet.), arguments invented by the speaker, in distinction from laws, authorities, and the like, which are called inartificial arguments or proofs. --Johnson. {Artificial classification} (Science), an arrangement based on superficial characters, and not expressing the true natural relations species; as, [bd]the artificial system[b8] in botany, which is the same as the Linn[91]an system. {Artificial horizon}. See under {Horizon}. {Artificial light}, any light other than that which proceeds from the heavenly bodies. {Artificial lines}, lines on a sector or scale, so contrived as to represent the logarithmic sines and tangents, which, by the help of the line of numbers, solve, with tolerable exactness, questions in trigonometry, navigation, etc. {Artificial numbers}, logarithms. {Artificial person} (Law). See under {Person}. {Artificial sines}, {tangents}, etc., the same as logarithms of the natural sines, tangents, etc. --Hutton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificiality \Ar`tifi`cial"i*ty\, n. The quality or appearance of being artificial; that which is artificial.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificialize \Ar`tifi"cialize\, v. t. To render artificial.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificially \Ar`tifi"cially\, adv. 1. In an artificial manner; by art, or skill and contrivance, not by nature. 2. Ingeniously; skillfully. [Obs.] The spider's web, finely and artificially wrought. --Tillotson. 3. Craftily; artfully. [Obs.] Sharp dissembled so artificially. --Bp. Burnet.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificialness \Ar`tifi"cialness\, n. The quality of being artificial.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Artificious \Ar`ti*fi"cious\, a. [L. artificiosus.] Artificial. [Obs.] --Johnson.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Leaf \Leaf\, n.; pl. {Leaves}. [OE. leef, lef, leaf, AS. le[a0]f; akin to S. l[?]f, OFries. laf, D. loof foliage, G. laub,OHG. loub leaf, foliage, Icel. lauf, Sw. l[94]f, Dan. l[94]v, Goth. laufs; cf. Lith. lapas. Cf. {Lodge}.] 1. (Bot.) A colored, usually green, expansion growing from the side of a stem or rootstock, in which the sap for the use of the plant is elaborated under the influence of light; one of the parts of a plant which collectively constitute its foliage. Note: Such leaves usually consist of a blade, or lamina, supported upon a leafstalk or petiole, which, continued through the blade as the midrib, gives off woody ribs and veins that support the cellular texture. The petiole has usually some sort of an appendage on each side of its base, which is called the stipule. The green parenchyma of the leaf is covered with a thin epiderm pierced with closable microscopic openings, known as stomata. 2. (Bot.) A special organ of vegetation in the form of a lateral outgrowth from the stem, whether appearing as a part of the foliage, or as a cotyledon, a scale, a bract, a spine, or a tendril. Note: In this view every part of a plant, except the root and the stem, is either a leaf, or is composed of leaves more or less modified and transformed. 3. Something which is like a leaf in being wide and thin and having a flat surface, or in being attached to a larger body by one edge or end; as : (a) A part of a book or folded sheet containing two pages upon its opposite sides. (b) A side, division, or part, that slides or is hinged, as of window shutters, folding doors, etc. (c) The movable side of a table. (d) A very thin plate; as, gold leaf. (e) A portion of fat lying in a separate fold or layer. (f) One of the teeth of a pinion, especially when small. {Leaf beetle} (Zo[94]l.), any beetle which feeds upon leaves; esp., any species of the family {Chrysomelid[91]}, as the potato beetle and helmet beetle. {Leaf bridge}, a draw-bridge having a platform or leaf which swings vertically on hinges. {Leaf bud} (Bot.), a bud which develops into leaves or a leafy branch. {Leaf butterfly} (Zo[94]l.), any butterfly which, in the form and colors of its wings, resembles the leaves of plants upon which it rests; esp., butterflies of the genus {Kallima}, found in Southern Asia and the East Indies. {Leaf crumpler} (Zo[94]l.), a small moth ({Phycis indigenella}), the larva of which feeds upon leaves of the apple tree, and forms its nest by crumpling and fastening leaves together in clusters. {Leaf cutter} (Zo[94]l.), any one of various species of wild bees of the genus {Megachile}, which cut rounded pieces from the edges of leaves, or the petals of flowers, to be used in the construction of their nests, which are made in holes and crevices, or in a leaf rolled up for the purpose. Among the common American species are {M. brevis} and {M. centuncularis}. Called also {rose-cutting bee}. {Leaf fat}, the fat which lies in leaves or layers within the body of an animal. {Leaf flea} (Zo[94]l.), a jumping plant louse of the family {Psyllid[91]}. {Leaf frog} (Zo[94]l.), any tree frog of the genus {Phyllomedusa}. {Leaf green}.(Bot.) See {Chlorophyll}. {Leaf hopper} (Zo[94]l.), any small jumping hemipterous insect of the genus {Tettigonia}, and allied genera. They live upon the leaves and twigs of plants. See {Live hopper}. {Leaf insect} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several genera and species of orthopterous insects, esp. of the genus {Phyllium}, in which the wings, and sometimes the legs, resemble leaves in color and form. They are common in Southern Asia and the East Indies. {Leaf lard}, lard from leaf fat. See under {Lard}. {Leaf louse} (Zo[94]l.), an aphid. {Leaf metal}, metal in thin leaves, as gold, silver, or tin. {Leaf miner} (Zo[94]l.), any one of various small lepidopterous and dipterous insects, which, in the larval stages, burrow in and eat the parenchyma of leaves; as, the pear-tree leaf miner ({Lithocolletis geminatella}). {Leaf notcher} (Zo[94]l.), a pale bluish green beetle ({Artipus Floridanus}), which, in Florida, eats the edges of the leaves of orange trees. {Leaf roller} (Zo[94]l.), the larva of any tortricid moth which makes a nest by rolling up the leaves of plants. See {Tortrix}. {Leaf scar} (Bot.), the cicatrix on a stem whence a leaf has fallen. {Leaf sewer} (Zo[94]l.), a tortricid moth, whose caterpillar makes a nest by rolling up a leaf and fastening the edges together with silk, as if sewn; esp., {Phoxopteris nubeculana}, which feeds upon the apple tree. {Leaf sight}, a hinges sight on a firearm, which can be raised or folded down. {Leaf trace} (Bot.), one or more fibrovascular bundles, which may be traced down an endogenous stem from the base of a leaf. {Leaf tier} (Zo[94]l.), a tortricid moth whose larva makes a nest by fastening the edges of a leaf together with silk; esp., {Teras cinderella}, found on the apple tree. {Leaf valve}, a valve which moves on a hinge. {Leaf wasp} (Zo[94]l.), a sawfiy. {To turn over a new leaf}, to make a radical change for the better in one's way of living or doing. [Colloq.] They were both determined to turn over a new leaf. --Richardson.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
Artifex A {CASE} environment from {ARTIS} of Turin for the development of large {event-driven} distributed systems. It has code-generation and rapid prototyping features. (1996-01-24)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
artificial intelligence (AI) The subfield of computer science concerned with the concepts and methods of {symbolic inference} by computer and symbolic {knowledge representation} for use in making inferences. AI can be seen as an attempt to model aspects of human thought on computers. It is also sometimes defined as trying to solve by computer any problem that a human can solve faster. The term was coined by Stanford Professor {John McCarthy}, a leading AI researcher. Examples of AI problems are {computer vision} (building a system that can understand images as well as a human) and {natural language processing} (building a system that can understand and speak a human language as well as a human). These may appear to be modular, but all attempts so far (1993) to solve them have foundered on the amount of context information and "intelligence" they seem to require. The term is often used as a selling point, e.g. to describe programming that drives the behaviour of computer characters in a game. This is often no more intelligent than "Kill any humans you see; keep walking; avoid solid objects; duck if a human with a gun can see you". See also {AI-complete}, {neats vs. scruffies}, {neural network}, {genetic programming}, {fuzzy computing}, {artificial life}. {ACM SIGART (http://sigart.acm.org/)}. {U Cal Davis (http://phobos.cs.ucdavis.edu:8001)}. {CMU Artificial Intelligence Repository (http://www.cs.cmu.edu/Web/Groups/AI/html/repository.html)}. (2002-01-19)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
Artificial Intelligence Lab {MIT AI Lab}
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
Artificial Life (a-life) The study of synthetic systems which behave like natural living systems in some way. Artificial Life complements the traditional biological sciences concerned with the analysis of living organisms by attempting to create lifelike behaviours within computers and other artificial media. Artificial Life can contribute to theoretical biology by modelling forms of life other than those which exist in nature. It has applications in environmental and financial modelling and network communications. There are some interesting implementations of artificial life using strangely shaped blocks. A video, probably by the company Artificial Creatures who build insect-like robots in Cambridge, MA (USA), has several mechanical implementations of artificial life forms. See also {evolutionary computing}, {Life}. [Christopher G. Langton (Ed.), "Artificial Life", Proceedings Volume VI, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity. Addison-Wesley, 1989]. {Yahoo! (http://www.yahoo.com/Science/Artificial_Life/)}. {Santa Fe Institute (http://alife.santafe.edu/)}. {The Avida Group (http://www.krl.caltech.edu/avida/Avida.html)}. (1995-02-21)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
artificial neural network (ANN, commonly just "neural network" or "neural net") A network of many very simple processors ("units" or "neurons"), each possibly having a (small amount of) local memory. The units are connected by unidirectional communication channels ("connections"), which carry numeric (as opposed to symbolic) data. The units operate only on their local data and on the inputs they receive via the connections. A neural network is a processing device, either an {algorithm}, or actual hardware, whose design was inspired by the design and functioning of animal brains and components thereof. Most neural networks have some sort of "training" rule whereby the weights of connections are adjusted on the basis of presented patterns. In other words, neural networks "learn" from examples, just like children learn to recognise dogs from examples of dogs, and exhibit some structural capability for generalisation. Neurons are often elementary non-linear signal processors (in the limit they are simple threshold discriminators). Another feature of NNs which distinguishes them from other computing devices is a high degree of interconnection which allows a high degree of parallelism. Further, there is no idle memory containing data and programs, but rather each neuron is pre-programmed and continuously active. The term "neural net" should logically, but in common usage never does, also include biological neural networks, whose elementary structures are far more complicated than the mathematical models used for ANNs. See {Aspirin}, {Hopfield network}, {McCulloch-Pitts neuron}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.ai.neural-nets}. (1997-10-13)
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]:
Artificer a person engaged in any kind of manual occupation (Gen. 4:22; Isa. 3:3).