ab initio
         adv 1: at the beginning; "at first he didn't notice anything
                  strange" [syn: {initially}, {ab initio}]

English Dictionary: affinity	by the DICT Development Group
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abandon n the trait of lacking restraint or control; reckless freedom from inhibition or worry; "she danced with abandon" Synonym(s): abandon, wantonness, unconstraint a feeling of extreme emotional intensity; "the wildness of his anger" Synonym(s): wildness, abandon v forsake, leave behind; "We abandoned the old car in the empty parking lot" give up with the intent of never claiming again; "Abandon your life to God"; "She gave up her children to her ex- husband when she moved to Tahiti"; "We gave the drowning victim up for dead" Synonym(s): abandon, give up leave behind empty; move out of; "You must vacate your office by tonight" Synonym(s): vacate, empty, abandon stop maintaining or insisting on; of ideas or claims; "He abandoned the thought of asking for her hand in marriage"; "Both sides have to give up some claims in these negotiations" Synonym(s): abandon, give up leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch; "The mother deserted her children" Synonym(s): abandon, forsake, desolate, desert
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abandoned adj forsaken by owner or inhabitants ; "weed-grown yard of an abandoned farmhouse" Synonym(s): abandoned, derelict, deserted free from constraint; "an abandoned sadness born of grief"- Liam O'Flaherty
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abandoned infant n a child who has been abandoned and whose parents are unknown Synonym(s): foundling, abandoned infant
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abandoned person n someone for whom hope has been abandoned
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abandoned ship n a ship abandoned on the high seas [syn: abandoned ship, derelict]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abandonment n the act of giving something up [syn: abandonment, forsaking, desertion] withdrawing support or help despite allegiance or responsibility; "his abandonment of his wife and children left them penniless" Synonym(s): desertion, abandonment, defection the voluntary surrender of property (or a right to property) without attempting to reclaim it or give it away
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abeyant adj inactive but capable of becoming active; "her feelings of affection are dormant but easily awakened" Synonym(s): abeyant, dormant
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abient adj characterized by avoidance or withdrawal Antonym(s): adient
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
ABO antibodies n blood type antibodies
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abound v be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities be in a state of movement or action; "The room abounded with screaming children"; "The garden bristled with toddlers" Synonym(s): abound, burst, bristle
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abound in v exist in large quantity [syn: abound in, teem in, pullulate with]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abounding adj existing in abundance; "abounding confidence"; "whiskey galore" Synonym(s): abounding, galore(ip)
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Abu Nidal Organization n a Palestinian international terrorist organization that split from the PLO in 1974; has conducted terrorist attacks in 20 countries; "in the 1980s the Fatah-RC was considered the most dangerous and murderous Palestinian terror group" Synonym(s): Fatah Revolutionary Council, Fatah-RC, Abu Nidal Organization, ANO, Arab Revolutionary Brigades, Black September, Revolutionary Organization of Socialist Muslims
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abundance n the property of a more than adequate quantity or supply; "an age of abundance" Synonym(s): abundance, copiousness, teemingness Antonym(s): scarceness, scarcity (physics) the ratio of the number of atoms of a specific isotope of an element to the total number of isotopes present (chemistry) the ratio of the total mass of an element in the earth's crust to the total mass of the earth's crust; expressed as a percentage or in parts per million
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abundant adj present in great quantity; "an abundant supply of water" Antonym(s): scarce
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
abundantly adv in an abundant manner; "they were abundantly supplied with food"; "he thanked her profusely" Synonym(s): abundantly, copiously, profusely, extravagantly
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
affiant n a person who makes an affidavit
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
affine transformation n (mathematics) a transformation that is a combination of single transformations such as translation or rotation or reflection on an axis
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
affined adj closely related; "syllable to blessed syllable affined"- Wallace Stevens
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
affinity n (immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody (anthropology) kinship by marriage or adoption; not a blood relationship Antonym(s): blood kinship, cognation, consanguinity (biology) state of relationship between organisms or groups of organisms resulting in resemblance in structure or structural parts; "in anatomical structure prehistoric man shows close affinity with modern humans" Synonym(s): affinity, phylogenetic relation a close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character; "found a natural affinity with the immigrants"; "felt a deep kinship with the other students"; "anthropology's kinship with the humanities" Synonym(s): affinity, kinship the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule; "basic dyes have an affinity for wool and silk" Synonym(s): affinity, chemical attraction inherent resemblance between persons or things a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; "an affinity for politics"; "the mysterious affinity between them"; "James's affinity with Sam"
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
aphanite n fine-grained homogeneous rock (such as basalt) containing minerals undetectable by the naked eye
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
aphanitic adj of or relating to aphanite
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
append v add to the very end; "He appended a glossary to his novel where he used an invented language" Synonym(s): append, add on, supplement, affix fix to; attach; "append a charm to the necklace" Synonym(s): append, tag on, tack on, tack, hang on state or say further; "`It doesn't matter,' he supplied" Synonym(s): add, append, supply
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendage n an external body part that projects from the body; "it is important to keep the extremities warm" Synonym(s): extremity, appendage, member a natural prolongation or projection from a part of an organism either animal or plant; "a bony process" Synonym(s): process, outgrowth, appendage a part that is joined to something larger
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendaged adj having an appendage Antonym(s): unappendaged
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendant adj affixed as an appendage
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendectomy n surgical removal of the vermiform appendix [syn: appendectomy, appendicectomy]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicectomy n surgical removal of the vermiform appendix [syn: appendectomy, appendicectomy]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicitis n inflammation of the vermiform appendix
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicle n a small appendage
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicular adj relating to or consisting of an appendage or appendages; especially the limbs; "the appendicular skeleton"
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicular artery n the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendix Synonym(s): appendicular artery, arteria appendicularis
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicular skeleton n the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicular vein n a vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic vein Synonym(s): appendicular vein, vena appendicularis
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendicularia n free-swimming tadpole-shaped pelagic tunicate resembling larvae of other tunicates
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appendix n supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch Synonym(s): appendix, vermiform appendix, vermiform process, cecal appendage
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appoint v create and charge with a task or function; "nominate a committee" Synonym(s): appoint, name, nominate, constitute assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to; "He was appointed deputy manager"; "She was charged with supervising the creation of a concordance" Synonym(s): appoint, charge furnish; "a beautifully appointed house"
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appointed adj subject to appointment Synonym(s): appointive, appointed Antonym(s): elected, elective selected for a job; "the one appointed for guard duty" fixed or established especially by order or command; "at the time appointed (or the appointed time") Synonym(s): appointed, decreed, ordained, prescribed provided with furnishing and accessories (especially of a tasteful kind); "a house that is beautifully appointed"
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appointee n an official who is appointed a person who is appointed to a job or position Synonym(s): appointee, appointment
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appointive adj relating to the act of appointing; "appointive powers" subject to appointment Synonym(s): appointive, appointed Antonym(s): elected, elective
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appointment n the act of putting a person into a non-elective position; "the appointment had to be approved by the whole committee" Synonym(s): appointment, assignment, designation, naming a meeting arranged in advance; "she asked how to avoid kissing at the end of a date" Synonym(s): date, appointment, engagement (usually plural) furnishings and equipment (especially for a ship or hotel) Synonym(s): appointment, fitting a person who is appointed to a job or position Synonym(s): appointee, appointment the job to which you are (or hope to be) appointed; "he applied for an appointment in the treasury" (law) the act of disposing of property by virtue of the power of appointment; "she allocated part of the trust to her church by appointment"
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appointment book n a book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointments Synonym(s): appointment book, appointment calendar
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
appointment calendar n a book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointments Synonym(s): appointment book, appointment calendar
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
avant-garde adj radically new or original; "an avant-garde theater piece" Synonym(s): avant-garde, daring n any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts) Synonym(s): avant-garde, vanguard, van, new wave
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
aventail n a medieval hood of mail suspended from a basinet to protect the head and neck Synonym(s): camail, aventail, ventail
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
aventurine n a translucent quartz spangled with bits of mica or other minerals Synonym(s): sunstone, aventurine
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Ayapana triplinervis n low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium Synonym(s): ayapana, Ayapana triplinervis, Eupatorium aya-pana
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Bone \Bone\, n. [OE. bon, ban, AS. b[be]n; akin to Icel. bein,       Sw. ben, Dan. & D. been, G. bein bone, leg; cf. Icel. beinn       straight.]       1. (Anat.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of             vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic             carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and             bone.          Note: Even in the hardest parts of bone there are many minute                cavities containing living matter and connected by                minute canals, some of which connect with larger canals                through which blood vessels ramify.          2. One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a             rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any             fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of             the body.          3. Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.          4. pl. Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers             and struck together to make a kind of music.          5. pl. Dice.          6. Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a             corset.          7. Fig.: The framework of anything.          {A bone of contention}, a subject of contention or dispute.                      {A bone to pick}, something to investigate, or to busy one's             self about; a dispute to be settled (with some one).          {Bone ash}, the residue from calcined bones; -- used for             making cupels, and for cleaning jewelry.          {Bone black} (Chem.), the black, carbonaceous substance into             which bones are converted by calcination in close vessels;             -- called also {animal charcoal}. It is used as a             decolorizing material in filtering sirups, extracts, etc.,             and as a black pigment. See {Ivory black}, under {Black}.                      {Bone cave}, a cave in which are found bones of extinct or             recent animals, mingled sometimes with the works and bones             of man. --Am. Cyc.          {Bone dust}, ground or pulverized bones, used as a             fertilizer.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Point \Point\, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L.       punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See       {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.]       1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything,             esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle             or a pin.          2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle             used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others;             also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's point;             -- called also {pointer}.          3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined             termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a             tract of land extending into the water beyond the common             shore line.          4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument,             as a needle; a prick.          5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or             supposed. Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither             parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has             neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes             conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of             which a line is conceived to be produced.          6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant;             hence, the verge.                         When time's first point begun Made he all souls.                                                                               --Sir J.                                                                               Davies.          7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the             divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed             in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a             stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence,             figuratively, an end, or conclusion.                         And there a point, for ended is my tale. --Chaucer.                         Commas and points they set exactly right. --Pope.          8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative             position, or to indicate a transition from one state or             position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position             or condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of             depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by             tenpoints. [bd]A point of precedence.[b8] --Selden.             [bd]Creeping on from point to point.[b8] --Tennyson.                         A lord full fat and in good point.      --Chaucer.          9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or             character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a             peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as,             the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story,             etc.                         He told him, point for point, in short and plain.                                                                               --Chaucer.                         In point of religion and in point of honor. --Bacon.                         Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ?                                                                               --Milton.          10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an             argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp.,             the proposition to be established; as, the point of an             anecdote. [bd]Here lies the point.[b8] --Shak.                         They will hardly prove his point.      --Arbuthnot.          11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a             punctilio.                         This fellow doth not stand upon points. --Shak.                         [He] cared not for God or man a point. --Spenser.          12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or             time; as:             (a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or                   characterizing certain tones or styles; as, points of                   perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a                   tune. [bd]Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a                   flourish, but a point of war.[b8] --Sir W. Scott.             (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed at the right hand of a note,                   to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half,                   as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a                   half note equal to three quarter notes.          13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or             zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the             intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere,             and named specifically in each case according to the             position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the             solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points,             etc. See {Equinoctial Nodal}.          14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the             escutcheon. See {Escutcheon}.          15. (Naut.)             (a) One of the points of the compass (see {Points of the                   compass}, below); also, the difference between two                   points of the compass; as, to fall off a point.             (b) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See                   {Reef point}, under {Reef}.          16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together             certain parts of the dress. --Sir W. Scott.          17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels             point. See Point lace, below.          18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.]          19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer.             [Cant, U. S.]          20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side,             about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in             advance of, the batsman.          21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game;             as, the dog came to a point. See {Pointer}.          22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of             type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica             type. See {Point system of type}, under {Type}.          23. A tyne or snag of an antler.          24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board.          25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as,             tierce point.          Note: The word point is a general term, much used in the                sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics,                perspective, and physics, but generally either in the                geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition                of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or                qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the                specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon                point, dry point, freezing point, melting point,                vanishing point, etc.          {At all points}, in every particular, completely; perfectly.             --Shak.          {At point}, {In point}, {At}, {In}, [or] On, {the point}, as             near as can be; on the verge; about (see {About}, prep.,             6); as, at the point of death; he was on the point of             speaking. [bd]In point to fall down.[b8] --Chaucer.             [bd]Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken,             recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his             side.[b8] --Milton.          {Dead point}. (Mach.) Same as {Dead center}, under {Dead}.          {Far point} (Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at             which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the             nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either             with the two eyes together (binocular near point), or with             each eye separately (monocular near point).          {Nine points of the law}, all but the tenth point; the             greater weight of authority.          {On the point}. See {At point}, above.          {Point lace}, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished             from that made on the pillow.          {Point net}, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels             lace (Brussels ground).          {Point of concurrence} (Geom.), a point common to two lines,             but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for             instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base.          {Point of contrary flexure}, a point at which a curve changes             its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and             concavity change sides.          {Point of order}, in parliamentary practice, a question of             order or propriety under the rules.          {Point of sight} (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the             point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the             spectator.          {Point of view}, the relative position from which anything is             seen or any subject is considered.          {Points of the compass} (Naut.), the thirty-two points of             division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the             corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is             supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the             directions of east, west, north, and south, are called             cardinal points, and the rest are named from their             respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N.,             N. E., etc. See Illust. under {Compass}.          {Point paper}, paper pricked through so as to form a stencil             for transferring a design.          {Point system of type}. See under {Type}.          {Singular point} (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses             some property not possessed by points in general on the             curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc.          {To carry one's point}, to accomplish one's object, as in a             controversy.          {To make a point of}, to attach special importance to.          {To make}, [or] {gain}, {a point}, accomplish that which was             proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or             position.          {To mark}, [or] {score}, {a point}, as in billiards, cricket,             etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run,             etc.          {To strain a point}, to go beyond the proper limit or rule;             to stretch one's authority or conscience.          {Vowel point}, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and             ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the             consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or             vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aband \A*band"\ ([adot]*b[acr]nd"), v. t. [Contracted from       abandon.]       1. To abandon. [Obs.]                         Enforced the kingdom to aband.            --Spenser.          2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.] --Mir. for Mag.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandon \A*ban"don\ ([adot]*b[acr]n"d[ucr]n), v. t. [imp. & p.       p. {Abandoned} (-d[ucr]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Abandoning}.]       [OF. abandoner, F. abandonner; a (L. ad) + bandon permission,       authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation,       interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic       origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to designate       OHG. ban proclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under       a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel,       subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to       give up. See {Ban}.]       1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.             [Obs.]                         That he might . . . abandon them from him. --Udall.                         Being all this time abandoned from your bed. --Shak.          2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely; to renounce             utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on;             to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or             fidelity; to quit; to surrender.                         Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned.                                                                               --I. Taylor.          3. Reflexively: To give (one's self) up without attempt at             self-control; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly; --             often in a bad sense.                         He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite vice.                                                                               --Macaulay.          4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an             insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the             property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss             or damage by a peril insured against.          Syn: To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign;                abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake;                leave; retire; withdraw from.          Usage: {To Abandon}, {Desert}, {Forsake}. These words agree                   in representing a person as giving up or leaving some                   object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The                   distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a                   thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's                   friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a                   hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is                   more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The                   Latin original of desert appears to have been                   originally applied to the case of deserters from                   military service. Hence, the verb, when used of                   persons in the active voice, has usually or always a                   bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor,                   etc., the leaving of something which the person should                   rightfully stand by and support; as, to desert one's                   colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's                   principles or duty. When used in the passive, the                   sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were                   deserted, a deserted village, deserted halls. Forsake                   implies the breaking off of previous habit,                   association, personal connection, or that the thing                   left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake                   old friends, to forsake the paths of rectitude, the                   blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a                   good or in a bad sense.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandon \A*ban"don\, n. [F. abandon. fr. abandonner. See       {Abandon}, v.]       Abandonment; relinquishment. [Obs.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandon \A*ban"don\ ([adot]*b[acr]n"d[ucr]n), v. t. [imp. & p.       p. {Abandoned} (-d[ucr]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Abandoning}.]       [OF. abandoner, F. abandonner; a (L. ad) + bandon permission,       authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation,       interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic       origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to designate       OHG. ban proclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under       a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel,       subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to       give up. See {Ban}.]       1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.             [Obs.]                         That he might . . . abandon them from him. --Udall.                         Being all this time abandoned from your bed. --Shak.          2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely; to renounce             utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on;             to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or             fidelity; to quit; to surrender.                         Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned.                                                                               --I. Taylor.          3. Reflexively: To give (one's self) up without attempt at             self-control; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly; --             often in a bad sense.                         He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite vice.                                                                               --Macaulay.          4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an             insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the             property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss             or damage by a peril insured against.          Syn: To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign;                abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake;                leave; retire; withdraw from.          Usage: {To Abandon}, {Desert}, {Forsake}. These words agree                   in representing a person as giving up or leaving some                   object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The                   distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a                   thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's                   friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a                   hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is                   more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The                   Latin original of desert appears to have been                   originally applied to the case of deserters from                   military service. Hence, the verb, when used of                   persons in the active voice, has usually or always a                   bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor,                   etc., the leaving of something which the person should                   rightfully stand by and support; as, to desert one's                   colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's                   principles or duty. When used in the passive, the                   sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were                   deserted, a deserted village, deserted halls. Forsake                   implies the breaking off of previous habit,                   association, personal connection, or that the thing                   left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake                   old friends, to forsake the paths of rectitude, the                   blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a                   good or in a bad sense.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandoned \A*ban"doned\ ([adot]*b[acr]n"d[ucr]nd), a.       1. Forsaken, deserted. [bd]Your abandoned streams.[b8]             --Thomson.          2. Self-abandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or             sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked; as, an             abandoned villain.          Syn: Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved;                reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile.          Usage: {Abandoned}, {Profligate}, {Reprobate}. These                   adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great                   personal depravity. {Profligate} has reference to open                   and shameless immoralities, either in private life or                   political conduct; as, a {profligate} court, a                   {profligate} ministry. {Abandoned} is stronger, and                   has reference to the searing of conscience and                   hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself                   wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of {abandoned}                   character. {Reprobate} describes the condition of one                   who has become insensible to reproof, and who is                   morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery.                               God gave them over to a reprobate mind. --Rom.                                                                               i. 28.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandonedly \A*ban"doned*ly\, adv.       Unrestrainedly.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandonee \A*ban`don*ee"\ ([adot]*b[acr]n`d[ucr]n*[emac]"), n.       (Law)       One to whom anything is legally abandoned.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandoner \A*ban"don*er\ ([adot]*b[acr]n"d[ucr]n*[etil]r), n.       One who abandons. --Beau. & Fl.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandon \A*ban"don\ ([adot]*b[acr]n"d[ucr]n), v. t. [imp. & p.       p. {Abandoned} (-d[ucr]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Abandoning}.]       [OF. abandoner, F. abandonner; a (L. ad) + bandon permission,       authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation,       interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic       origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to designate       OHG. ban proclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under       a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel,       subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to       give up. See {Ban}.]       1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject.             [Obs.]                         That he might . . . abandon them from him. --Udall.                         Being all this time abandoned from your bed. --Shak.          2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely; to renounce             utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on;             to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or             fidelity; to quit; to surrender.                         Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned.                                                                               --I. Taylor.          3. Reflexively: To give (one's self) up without attempt at             self-control; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly; --             often in a bad sense.                         He abandoned himself . . . to his favorite vice.                                                                               --Macaulay.          4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim to; -- used when an             insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the             property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss             or damage by a peril insured against.          Syn: To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign;                abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake;                leave; retire; withdraw from.          Usage: {To Abandon}, {Desert}, {Forsake}. These words agree                   in representing a person as giving up or leaving some                   object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The                   distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a                   thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's                   friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a                   hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is                   more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The                   Latin original of desert appears to have been                   originally applied to the case of deserters from                   military service. Hence, the verb, when used of                   persons in the active voice, has usually or always a                   bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor,                   etc., the leaving of something which the person should                   rightfully stand by and support; as, to desert one's                   colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's                   principles or duty. When used in the passive, the                   sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were                   deserted, a deserted village, deserted halls. Forsake                   implies the breaking off of previous habit,                   association, personal connection, or that the thing                   left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake                   old friends, to forsake the paths of rectitude, the                   blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a                   good or in a bad sense.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abandonment \A*ban"don*ment\ (-m[eit]nt), n. [Cf. F.       abandonnement.]       1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned;             total desertion; relinquishment.                         The abandonment of the independence of Europe.                                                                               --Burke.          2. (Mar. Law) The relinquishment by the insured to the             underwriters of what may remain of the property insured             after a loss or damage by a peril insured against.          3. (Com. Law)             (a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as                   to mill site, etc.             (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound                   by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child;                   desertion.          4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon. [R.] --Carlyle.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abanet \Ab"a*net\ ([acr]b"[adot]*n[ecr]t), n.       See {Abnet}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abannation \Ab`an*na"tion\ ([acr]b`[acr]n*n[amac]"sh[ucr]n),    Abannition \Ab`an*nition\ ([acr]b`[acr]n*n[icr]sh"[ucr]n), n.       [LL. abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to banish.] (Old Law)       Banishment. [Obs.] --Bailey.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abannation \Ab`an*na"tion\ ([acr]b`[acr]n*n[amac]"sh[ucr]n),    Abannition \Ab`an*nition\ ([acr]b`[acr]n*n[icr]sh"[ucr]n), n.       [LL. abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to banish.] (Old Law)       Banishment. [Obs.] --Bailey.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abeyant \A*bey"ant\, a.       Being in a state of abeyance.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abnodate \Ab"no*date\, v. t. [L. abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare;       ab + nodus knot.]       To clear (tress) from knots. [R.] --Blount.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abnodation \Ab`no*da"tion\, n.       The act of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.] --Crabb.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abound \A*bound"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Abounded}; p. pr. & vb.       n. {Abounding}.] [OE. abounden, F. abonder, fr. L. abundare       to overflow, abound; ab + unda wave. Cf. {Undulate}.]       1. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be             plentiful.                         The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the                      continent of Europe.                           --Chambers.                         Where sin abounded grace did much more abound.                                                                               --Rom. v. 20.          2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by in or with.          {To abound in}, to possess in such abundance as to be             characterized by.          {To abound with}, to be filled with; to possess in great             numbers.                         Men abounding in natural courage.      --Macaulay.                         A faithful man shall abound with blessings. --Prov.                                                                               xxviii. 20.                         It abounds with cabinets of curiosities. --Addison.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abound \A*bound"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Abounded}; p. pr. & vb.       n. {Abounding}.] [OE. abounden, F. abonder, fr. L. abundare       to overflow, abound; ab + unda wave. Cf. {Undulate}.]       1. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be             plentiful.                         The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the                      continent of Europe.                           --Chambers.                         Where sin abounded grace did much more abound.                                                                               --Rom. v. 20.          2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by in or with.          {To abound in}, to possess in such abundance as to be             characterized by.          {To abound with}, to be filled with; to possess in great             numbers.                         Men abounding in natural courage.      --Macaulay.                         A faithful man shall abound with blessings. --Prov.                                                                               xxviii. 20.                         It abounds with cabinets of curiosities. --Addison.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abound \A*bound"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Abounded}; p. pr. & vb.       n. {Abounding}.] [OE. abounden, F. abonder, fr. L. abundare       to overflow, abound; ab + unda wave. Cf. {Undulate}.]       1. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be             plentiful.                         The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the                      continent of Europe.                           --Chambers.                         Where sin abounded grace did much more abound.                                                                               --Rom. v. 20.          2. To be copiously supplied; -- followed by in or with.          {To abound in}, to possess in such abundance as to be             characterized by.          {To abound with}, to be filled with; to possess in great             numbers.                         Men abounding in natural courage.      --Macaulay.                         A faithful man shall abound with blessings. --Prov.                                                                               xxviii. 20.                         It abounds with cabinets of curiosities. --Addison.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abundance \A*bun"dance\, n. [OE. (h)abundaunce, abundance, F.       abondance, L. abundantia, fr. abundare. See {Abound}.]       An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty;       profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: -- strictly       applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number.                   It is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble                blood hath been shed with small benefit to the                Christian state.                                    --Raleigh.          Syn: Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness;                overflow; riches; affluence; wealth.          Usage: {Abundance}, {Plenty}, {Exuberance}. These words rise                   upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness.                   Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as,                   plenty of food, plenty of money, etc. Abundance                   express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or                   excess; as, abundance of riches, an abundance of wit                   and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a                   high degree. Exuberance rises still higher, and                   implies a bursting forth on every side, producing                   great superfluity or redundance; as, an exuberance of                   mirth, an exuberance of animal spirits, etc.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abundant \A*bun"dant\, a. [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F.       abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See {Abound}.]       Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed       by in, rarely by with. [bd]Abundant in goodness and       truth.[b8] --Exod. xxxiv. 6.          {Abundant number} (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot             parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the             aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed             to a {deficient} number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1,             2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a {perfect} number,             which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6,             whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.          Syn: Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;                overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal.                See {Ample}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Number \Num"ber\, n. [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L. numerus; akin to       Gr. [?] that which is dealt out, fr. [?] to deal out,       distribute. See {Numb}, {Nomad}, and cf. {Numerate},       {Numero}, {Numerous}.]       1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or             an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection             of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things             expressible by figures.          2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a             multitude; many.                         Ladies are always of great use to the party they                      espouse, and never fail to win over numbers.                                                                               --Addison.          3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to             put a number on a door.          4. Numerousness; multitude.                         Number itself importeth not much in armies where the                      people are of weak courage.               --Bacon.          5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable.                         Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds                      out of number.                                    --2 Esdras                                                                               iii. 7.          6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate             things.          7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as             divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry,             verse; -- chiefly used in the plural.                         I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. --Pope.          8. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than             one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two),             expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word;             thus, the singular number and the plural number are the             names of the forms of a word indicating the objects             denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than             one.          9. (Math.) The measure of the relation between quantities or             things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity             which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical             value.          {Abstract number}, {Abundant number}, {Cardinal number}, etc.             See under {Abstract}, {Abundant}, etc.          {In numbers}, in numbered parts; as, a book published in             numbers.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abundant \A*bun"dant\, a. [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F.       abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See {Abound}.]       Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed       by in, rarely by with. [bd]Abundant in goodness and       truth.[b8] --Exod. xxxiv. 6.          {Abundant number} (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot             parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the             aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed             to a {deficient} number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1,             2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a {perfect} number,             which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6,             whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.          Syn: Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;                overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal.                See {Ample}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Imperfect \Im*per"fect\, a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not +       perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See       {Perfect}.]       1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a             part; deective; deficient.                         Something he left imperfect in the state. --Shak.                         Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. --Shak.          2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to             successful or normal activity.                         He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed,                      imperfect person.                              --Jer. Taylor.          3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not             conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste             or conscience; esthetically or morally defective.                         Nothing imperfect or deficient left Of all that he                      created.                                             --Milton.                         Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; Say                      rather, man's as perfect as he ought. --Pope.          {Imperfect arch}, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew             arch.          {Imperfect cadence} (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic,             but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving             complete rest; a half close.          {Imperfect consonances} (Mus.), chords like the third and             sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the             fifth and forth.          {Imperfect flower} (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or             pistils. --Gray.          {Imperfect interval} (Mus.), one a semitone less than             perfect; as, an imperfect fifth.          {Imperfect number} (Math.), a number either greater or less             than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case,             it is called also a {defective number}; in the latter, an             {abundant number}.          {Imperfect obligations} (Law), obligations as of charity or             gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law.          {Imperfect power} (Math.), a number which can not be produced             by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a             factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus,             9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube.          {Imperfect tense}             (Gram), a tense expressing past time and incomplete                      action.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Number \Num"ber\, n. [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L. numerus; akin to       Gr. [?] that which is dealt out, fr. [?] to deal out,       distribute. See {Numb}, {Nomad}, and cf. {Numerate},       {Numero}, {Numerous}.]       1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or             an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection             of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things             expressible by figures.          2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a             multitude; many.                         Ladies are always of great use to the party they                      espouse, and never fail to win over numbers.                                                                               --Addison.          3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to             put a number on a door.          4. Numerousness; multitude.                         Number itself importeth not much in armies where the                      people are of weak courage.               --Bacon.          5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable.                         Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds                      out of number.                                    --2 Esdras                                                                               iii. 7.          6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate             things.          7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as             divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry,             verse; -- chiefly used in the plural.                         I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. --Pope.          8. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than             one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two),             expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word;             thus, the singular number and the plural number are the             names of the forms of a word indicating the objects             denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than             one.          9. (Math.) The measure of the relation between quantities or             things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity             which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical             value.          {Abstract number}, {Abundant number}, {Cardinal number}, etc.             See under {Abstract}, {Abundant}, etc.          {In numbers}, in numbered parts; as, a book published in             numbers.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abundant \A*bun"dant\, a. [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F.       abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See {Abound}.]       Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; -- followed       by in, rarely by with. [bd]Abundant in goodness and       truth.[b8] --Exod. xxxiv. 6.          {Abundant number} (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot             parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the             aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed             to a {deficient} number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1,             2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a {perfect} number,             which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6,             whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3.          Syn: Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant;                overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal.                See {Ample}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Imperfect \Im*per"fect\, a. [L. imperfectus: pref. im- not +       perfectus perfect: cf. F imparfait, whence OE. imparfit. See       {Perfect}.]       1. Not perfect; not complete in all its parts; wanting a             part; deective; deficient.                         Something he left imperfect in the state. --Shak.                         Why, then, your other senses grow imperfect. --Shak.          2. Wanting in some elementary organ that is essential to             successful or normal activity.                         He . . . stammered like a child, or an amazed,                      imperfect person.                              --Jer. Taylor.          3. Not fulfilling its design; not realizing an ideal; not             conformed to a standard or rule; not satisfying the taste             or conscience; esthetically or morally defective.                         Nothing imperfect or deficient left Of all that he                      created.                                             --Milton.                         Then say not man's imperfect, Heaven in fault; Say                      rather, man's as perfect as he ought. --Pope.          {Imperfect arch}, an arch of less than a semicircle; a skew             arch.          {Imperfect cadence} (Mus.), one not ending with the tonic,             but with the dominant or some other chord; one not giving             complete rest; a half close.          {Imperfect consonances} (Mus.), chords like the third and             sixth, whose ratios are less simple than those of the             fifth and forth.          {Imperfect flower} (Bot.), a flower wanting either stamens or             pistils. --Gray.          {Imperfect interval} (Mus.), one a semitone less than             perfect; as, an imperfect fifth.          {Imperfect number} (Math.), a number either greater or less             than the sum of its several divisors; in the former case,             it is called also a {defective number}; in the latter, an             {abundant number}.          {Imperfect obligations} (Law), obligations as of charity or             gratitude, which cannot be enforced by law.          {Imperfect power} (Math.), a number which can not be produced             by taking any whole number or vulgar fraction, as a             factor, the number of times indicated by the power; thus,             9 is a perfect square, but an imperfect cube.          {Imperfect tense}             (Gram), a tense expressing past time and incomplete                      action.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Abundantly \A*bun"dant*ly\, adv.       In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large       measure.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affiant \Af*fi"ant\, n. [From p. pr. of OF. afier, LL. affidare.       See {Affidavit}.] (Law)       One who makes an affidavit. [U. S.] --Burrill.          Syn: Deponent. See {Deponent}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affined \Af*fined"\, a. [OF. afin[82] related, p. p., fr. LL.       affinare to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to; ad       + finis boundary, limit.]       Joined in affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] [bd]All affined and       kin.[b8] --Shak.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affinitative \Af*fin"i*ta*tive\, a.       Of the nature of affinity. -- {Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly}, adv.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affinitative \Af*fin"i*ta*tive\, a.       Of the nature of affinity. -- {Af*fin"i*ta*tive*ly}, adv.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affinity \Af*fin"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Affinities}. [OF. afinit[82],       F. affinit[82], L. affinites, fr. affinis. See {Affined}.]       1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his             wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her             husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to             consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by             with, to, or between.                         Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh.   --1 Kings iii.                                                                               1.          2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity;             resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of             colors, or of languages.                         There is a close affinity between imposture and                      credulity.                                          --Sir G. C.                                                                               Lewis.          2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.]                         About forty years past, I began a happy affinity                      with William Cranmer.                        --Burton.          4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an             insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles             of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;             chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.          5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or highe[?] groups             dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure,             and indicating community of origin.          6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or             attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp.             persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who             exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affinitive \Af*fin"i*tive\, a.       Closely connected, as by affinity.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affinity \Af*fin"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Affinities}. [OF. afinit[82],       F. affinit[82], L. affinites, fr. affinis. See {Affined}.]       1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his             wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her             husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to             consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by             with, to, or between.                         Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh.   --1 Kings iii.                                                                               1.          2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity;             resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of             colors, or of languages.                         There is a close affinity between imposture and                      credulity.                                          --Sir G. C.                                                                               Lewis.          2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.]                         About forty years past, I began a happy affinity                      with William Cranmer.                        --Burton.          4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an             insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles             of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;             chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.          5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or highe[?] groups             dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure,             and indicating community of origin.          6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or             attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp.             persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who             exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Attraction \At*trac"tion\, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]       1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws             anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually             between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them             together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and             conversely resisting separation.          Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible                distances, and is variously denominated according to                its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at                sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)          {Attraction of gravitation}, which acts at all distances             throughout the universe, with a force proportional             directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and             inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)          {Magnetic}, {diamagnetic}, and {electrical attraction}, each             of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in             its action, a property dependent on the quality or             condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under             attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)          {Adhesive attraction}, attraction between surfaces of             sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening             substance. (2.)          {Cohesive attraction}, attraction between ultimate particles,             whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation             or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of             gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the             process of solidification or crystallization. The power in             adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of             cohesion. (3.)          {Capillary attraction}, attraction causing a liquid to rise,             in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level             outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any             porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.             It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)          {Chemical attraction}, or          {affinity}, that peculiar force which causes elementary             atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.          2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power             or operation of attraction. --Newton.          3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or             engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of             beauty or eloquence.          4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.          Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Affinity \Af*fin"i*ty\, n.; pl. {Affinities}. [OF. afinit[82],       F. affinit[82], L. affinites, fr. affinis. See {Affined}.]       1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his             wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her             husband's blood relations); -- in contradistinction to             consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by             with, to, or between.                         Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh.   --1 Kings iii.                                                                               1.          2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity;             resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of             colors, or of languages.                         There is a close affinity between imposture and                      credulity.                                          --Sir G. C.                                                                               Lewis.          2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.]                         About forty years past, I began a happy affinity                      with William Cranmer.                        --Burton.          4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an             insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles             of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds;             chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction.          5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or highe[?] groups             dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure,             and indicating community of origin.          6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or             attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp.             persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who             exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Attraction \At*trac"tion\, n. [L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.]       1. (Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws             anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually             between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them             together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and             conversely resisting separation.          Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible                distances, and is variously denominated according to                its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at                sensible distances, there are, -- (1.)          {Attraction of gravitation}, which acts at all distances             throughout the universe, with a force proportional             directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and             inversely to the square of their distances apart. (2.)          {Magnetic}, {diamagnetic}, and {electrical attraction}, each             of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in             its action, a property dependent on the quality or             condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under             attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- (1.)          {Adhesive attraction}, attraction between surfaces of             sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening             substance. (2.)          {Cohesive attraction}, attraction between ultimate particles,             whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation             or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of             gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the             process of solidification or crystallization. The power in             adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of             cohesion. (3.)          {Capillary attraction}, attraction causing a liquid to rise,             in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level             outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any             porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid.             It is a special case of cohesive attraction. (4.)          {Chemical attraction}, or          {affinity}, that peculiar force which causes elementary             atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules.          2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power             or operation of attraction. --Newton.          3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or             engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of             beauty or eloquence.          4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature.          Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Apanthropy \A*pan"thro*py\, n. [Gr. [?]; [?] from + [?] man.]       An aversion to the company of men; a love of solitude.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aphanite \Aph"a*nite\, n. [Gr. [?] invisible; 'a priv. + [?] to       appear.] (Min.)       A very compact, dark-colored [?]ock, consisting of       hornblende, or pyroxene, and feldspar, but neither of them in       perceptible grains.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aphanitic \Aph`a*nit"ic\, a. (Min.)       Resembling aphanite; having a very fine-grained structure.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Append \Ap*pend"\ ([acr]p*p[ecr]nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.       {Appended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Appending}.] [L. appendere or F.       appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to belong, OF. apendre,       F. appendre, fr. L. append[emac]re, v. i., to hang to,       append[ecr]re, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend[emac]re, v. i.,       to hang, pend[ecr]re, v. t., to hang. See {Pendant}.]       1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is             suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the             inscription was appended to the column.          2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex;             as, notes appended to this chapter.                         A further purpose appended to the primary one. --I.                                                                               Taylor.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendage \Ap*pend"age\, n.       1. Something appended to, or accompanying, a principal or             greater thing, though not necessary to it, as a portico to             a house.                         Modesty is the appendage of sobriety. --Jer. Taylor.          2. (Biol.) A subordinate or subsidiary part or organ; an             external organ or limb, esp. of the articulates.                         Antenn[91] and other appendages used for feeling.                                                                               --Carpenter.          Syn: Addition; adjunct; concomitant.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendaged \Ap*pend"aged\, a.       Furnished with, or supplemented by, an appendage.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendance \Ap*pend"ance\, n. [F.]       Something appendant.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendant \Ap*pend"ant\, a. [F. appendant, p. pr. of appendre.       See {Append}, v. t.]       1. Hanging; annexed; adjunct; concomitant; as, a seal             appendant to a paper.                         As they have transmitted the benefit to us, it is                      but reasonable we should suffer the appendant                      calamity.                                          --Jer. Taylor.          2. (Law) Appended by prescription, that is, a personal usage             for a considerable time; -- said of a thing of inheritance             belonging to another inheritance which is superior or more             worthy; as, an advowson, common, etc., which may be             appendant to a manor, common of fishing to a freehold, a             seat in church to a house. --Wharton. --Coke.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendant \Ap*pend"ant\, n.       1. Anything attached to another as incidental or subordinate             to it.          2. (Law) A inheritance annexed by prescription to a superior             inheritance.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendectomy \Ap`pen*dec"to*my\, Appendicectomy    \Ap*pend`i*cec"to*my\, n.] [Appendix + Gr. [?], fr. [?]       excision.] (Surg.)       Excision of the vermiform appendix.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Append \Ap*pend"\ ([acr]p*p[ecr]nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.       {Appended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Appending}.] [L. appendere or F.       appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to belong, OF. apendre,       F. appendre, fr. L. append[emac]re, v. i., to hang to,       append[ecr]re, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend[emac]re, v. i.,       to hang, pend[ecr]re, v. t., to hang. See {Pendant}.]       1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is             suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the             inscription was appended to the column.          2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex;             as, notes appended to this chapter.                         A further purpose appended to the primary one. --I.                                                                               Taylor.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendence \Ap*pend"ence\, Appendency \Ap*pend"en*cy\, n.       State of being appendant; appendance. [Obs.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendence \Ap*pend"ence\, Appendency \Ap*pend"en*cy\, n.       State of being appendant; appendance. [Obs.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendical \Ap*pend"i*cal\, a.       Of or like an appendix.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendicate \Ap*pend"i*cate\, v. t.       To append. [Obs.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendication \Ap*pend`i*ca"tion\, n.       An appendage. [Obs.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendectomy \Ap`pen*dec"to*my\, Appendicectomy    \Ap*pend`i*cec"to*my\, n.] [Appendix + Gr. [?], fr. [?]       excision.] (Surg.)       Excision of the vermiform appendix.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendix \Ap*pen"dix\, n.; pl. E. {Appendixes}, L. {Appendices}.       [L. appendix, -dicis, fr. appendere. See {Append}.]       1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or             concomitant.                         Normandy became an appendix to England. --Sir M.                                                                               Hale.          2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily             essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from             supplement, which is intended to supply deficiencies and             correct inaccuracies.          Syn: See {Supplement}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendicitis \Ap*pend`i*ci"tis\, n. (Med.)       Inflammation of the vermiform appendix.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendicle \Ap*pend"i*cle\, n. [L. appendicula, dim. of.       appendix.]       A small appendage.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendicular \Ap`pen*dic"u*lar\, a.       Relating to an appendicle; appendiculate. [R.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendiculate \Ap`pen*dic"u*late\, a. [See {Appendicle}.]       Having small appendages; forming an appendage.          {Appendiculate leaf}, a small appended leaf. --Withering.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendiculate \Ap`pen*dic"u*late\, a. [See {Appendicle}.]       Having small appendages; forming an appendage.          {Appendiculate leaf}, a small appended leaf. --Withering.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Append \Ap*pend"\ ([acr]p*p[ecr]nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.       {Appended}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Appending}.] [L. appendere or F.       appendre: cf. OE. appenden, apenden, to belong, OF. apendre,       F. appendre, fr. L. append[emac]re, v. i., to hang to,       append[ecr]re, v. t., to hang to; ad + pend[emac]re, v. i.,       to hang, pend[ecr]re, v. t., to hang. See {Pendant}.]       1. To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is             suspended; as, a seal appended to a record; the             inscription was appended to the column.          2. To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex;             as, notes appended to this chapter.                         A further purpose appended to the primary one. --I.                                                                               Taylor.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendix \Ap*pen"dix\, n.       The vermiform appendix.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendix \Ap*pen"dix\, n.; pl. E. {Appendixes}, L. {Appendices}.       [L. appendix, -dicis, fr. appendere. See {Append}.]       1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or             concomitant.                         Normandy became an appendix to England. --Sir M.                                                                               Hale.          2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily             essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from             supplement, which is intended to supply deficiencies and             correct inaccuracies.          Syn: See {Supplement}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appendix \Ap*pen"dix\, n.; pl. E. {Appendixes}, L. {Appendices}.       [L. appendix, -dicis, fr. appendere. See {Append}.]       1. Something appended or added; an appendage, adjunct, or             concomitant.                         Normandy became an appendix to England. --Sir M.                                                                               Hale.          2. Any literary matter added to a book, but not necessarily             essential to its completeness, and thus distinguished from             supplement, which is intended to supply deficiencies and             correct inaccuracies.          Syn: See {Supplement}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appoint \Ap*point"\ ([acr]p*point"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.       {Appointed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Appointing}.] [OE. appointen,       apointen, OF. apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F.       appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. appunctare       to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a       controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad + punctum a       point. See {Point}.]       1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out.                         When he appointed the foundations of the earth.                                                                               --Prov. viii.                                                                               29.          2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or             mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe;             to fix the time and place of.                         Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the                      king shall appoint.                           --2 Sam. xv.                                                                               15.                         He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge                      the world in righteousness.               --Acts xvii.                                                                               31.                         Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and                      appoint the meeting.                           --Shak.          3. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority.                         Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every                      one to his service.                           --Num. iv. 19.                         These were cities appointed for all the children of                      Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among                      them.                                                --Josh. xx. 9.          4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything             necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out.                         The English, being well appointed, did so entertain                      them that their ships departed terribly torn.                                                                               --Hayward.          5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or             commendation; to arraign. [Obs.]                         Appoint not heavenly disposition.      --Milton.          6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a             new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a             conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed.             --Burrill. Kent.          {To appoint one's self}, to resolve. [Obs.] --Crowley.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appoint \Ap*point"\ ([acr]p*point"), v. i.       To ordain; to determine; to arrange.                   For the Lord had appointed to defeat the good counsel                of Ahithophel.                                       --2 Sam. xvii.                                                                               14.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appointable \Ap*point"a*ble\, a.       Capable of being appointed or constituted.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appoint \Ap*point"\ ([acr]p*point"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.       {Appointed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Appointing}.] [OE. appointen,       apointen, OF. apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F.       appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. appunctare       to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a       controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad + punctum a       point. See {Point}.]       1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out.                         When he appointed the foundations of the earth.                                                                               --Prov. viii.                                                                               29.          2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or             mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe;             to fix the time and place of.                         Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the                      king shall appoint.                           --2 Sam. xv.                                                                               15.                         He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge                      the world in righteousness.               --Acts xvii.                                                                               31.                         Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and                      appoint the meeting.                           --Shak.          3. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority.                         Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every                      one to his service.                           --Num. iv. 19.                         These were cities appointed for all the children of                      Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among                      them.                                                --Josh. xx. 9.          4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything             necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out.                         The English, being well appointed, did so entertain                      them that their ships departed terribly torn.                                                                               --Hayward.          5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or             commendation; to arraign. [Obs.]                         Appoint not heavenly disposition.      --Milton.          6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a             new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a             conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed.             --Burrill. Kent.          {To appoint one's self}, to resolve. [Obs.] --Crowley.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appointee \Ap*point*ee"\, n. [F. appoint[82], p. p. of       appointer. See {Appoint}, v. t.]       1. A person appointed.                         The commission authorizes them to make appointments,                      and pay the appointees.                     --Circular of                                                                               Mass.                                                                               Representatives                                                                               (1768).          2. (law) A person in whose favor a power of appointment is             executed. --Kent. Wharton.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appointer \Ap*point"er\, n.       One who appoints, or executes a power of appointment. --Kent.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appoint \Ap*point"\ ([acr]p*point"), v. t. [imp. & p. p.       {Appointed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Appointing}.] [OE. appointen,       apointen, OF. apointier to prepare, arrange, lean, place, F.       appointer to give a salary, refer a cause, fr. LL. appunctare       to bring back to the point, restore, to fix the point in a       controversy, or the points in an agreement; L. ad + punctum a       point. See {Point}.]       1. To fix with power or firmness; to establish; to mark out.                         When he appointed the foundations of the earth.                                                                               --Prov. viii.                                                                               29.          2. To fix by a decree, order, command, resolve, decision, or             mutual agreement; to constitute; to ordain; to prescribe;             to fix the time and place of.                         Thy servants are ready to do whatsoever my lord the                      king shall appoint.                           --2 Sam. xv.                                                                               15.                         He hath appointed a day, in the which he will judge                      the world in righteousness.               --Acts xvii.                                                                               31.                         Say that the emperor request a parley . . . and                      appoint the meeting.                           --Shak.          3. To assign, designate, or set apart by authority.                         Aaron and his shall go in, and appoint them every                      one to his service.                           --Num. iv. 19.                         These were cities appointed for all the children of                      Israel, and for the stranger that sojourneth among                      them.                                                --Josh. xx. 9.          4. To furnish in all points; to provide with everything             necessary by way of equipment; to equip; to fit out.                         The English, being well appointed, did so entertain                      them that their ships departed terribly torn.                                                                               --Hayward.          5. To point at by way, or for the purpose, of censure or             commendation; to arraign. [Obs.]                         Appoint not heavenly disposition.      --Milton.          6. (Law) To direct, designate, or limit; to make or direct a             new disposition of, by virtue of a power contained in a             conveyance; -- said of an estate already conveyed.             --Burrill. Kent.          {To appoint one's self}, to resolve. [Obs.] --Crowley.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appointive \Ap*point"ive\, a.       Subject to appointment; as, an appointive office. [R.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appointment \Ap*point"ment\, n. [Cf. F. appointement.]       1. The act of appointing; designation of a person to hold an             office or discharge a trust; as, he erred by the             appointment of unsuitable men.          2. The state of being appointed to som[?] service or office;             an office to which one is appointed; station; position;             an, the appointment of treasurer.          3. Stipulation; agreement; the act of fixing by mutual             agreement. Hence:: Arrangement for a meeting; engagement;             as, they made an appointment to meet at six.          4. Decree; direction; established order or constitution; as,             to submit to the divine appointments.                         According to the appointment of the priests. --Ezra                                                                               vi. 9.          5. (Law) The exercise of the power of designating (under a             [bd]power of appointment[b8]) a person to enjoy an estate             or other specific property; also, the instrument by which             the designation is made.          6. Equipment, furniture, as for a ship or an army; whatever             is appointed for use and management; outfit; (pl.) the             accouterments of military officers or soldiers, as belts,             sashes, swords.                         The cavaliers emulated their chief in the richness                      of their appointments.                        --Prescott.                         I'll prove it in my shackles, with these hands Void                      of appointment, that thou liest.         --Beau. & Fl.          7. An allowance to a person, esp. to a public officer; a             perquisite; -- properly only in the plural. [Obs.]                         An expense proportioned to his appointments and                      fortune is necessary.                        --Chesterfield.          8. A honorary part or exercise, as an oration, etc., at a             public exhibition of a college; as, to have an             appointment. [U.S.]          Syn: Designation; command; order; direction; establishment;                equipment.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Appointor \Ap*point*or"\, n. (Law)       The person who selects the appointee. See {Appointee, 2.}
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avant \A*vant"\, n. [For avant-guard. Cf. {Avaunt}, {Van}.]       The front of an army. [Obs.] See {Van}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avant-courier \A*vant"-cou`ri*er\, n. [F., fr. avant before +       courrier. See {Avaunt}, and {Courier}.]       A person dispatched before another person or company, to give       notice of his or their approach.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avant-guard \A*vant"-guard`\ (?; [root]277), n. [F. avant before       + E. guard, F. avant-garde. See {Avaunt}.]       The van or advanced body of an army. See {Vanguard}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avaunt \A*vaunt"\, v. t. & i.       1. To advance; to move forward; to elevate. [Obs.] --Spenser.          2. To depart; to move away. [Obs.] --Coverdale.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avaunt \A*vaunt"\, v. t. & i. [OF. avanter; [agrave] (L. ad) +       vanter. See {Vaunt}.]       To vaunt; to boast. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avaunt \A*vaunt"\, n.       A vaunt; to boast. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avaunt \A*vaunt"\, interj. [F. avant forward, fr. L. ab + ante       before. Cf. {Avant}, {Advance}.]       Begone; depart; -- a word of contempt or abhorrence,       equivalent to the phrase [bd]Get thee gone.[b8]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avauntour \A*vaunt"our\, n. [OF. avanteur.]       A boaster. [Obs.] --Chaucer.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aventail \Av"en*tail\, n. [OF. esventail. Cf. {Ventail}.]       The movable front to a helmet; the ventail.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aventine \Av"en*tine\, a.       Pertaining to Mons Aventinus, one of the seven hills on which       Rome stood. --Bryant.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aventine \Av"en*tine\, n.       A post of security or defense. [Poetic]                   Into the castle's tower, The only Aventine that now is                left him.                                                --Beau. & Fl.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aventre \A*ven"tre\, v. t.       To thrust forward (at a venture), as a spear. [Obs.]       --Spenser.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aventure \A*ven"ture\ (?; 135), n. [See {Adventure}, n.]       1. Accident; chance; adventure. [Obs.] --Chaucer.          2. (Old Law) A mischance causing a person's death without             felony, as by drowning, or falling into the fire.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aventurine \A*ven"tu*rine\, n. [F. aventurine: cf. It.       avventurino.]       1. A kind of glass, containing gold-colored spangles. It was             produced in the first place by the accidental (par             aventure) dropping of some brass filings into a pot of             melted glass.          2. (Min.) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled             throughout with scales of yellow mica.          {Aventurine feldspar}, a variety of oligoclase with internal             firelike reflections due to the presence of minute             crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Aventurine \A*ven"tu*rine\, n. [F. aventurine: cf. It.       avventurino.]       1. A kind of glass, containing gold-colored spangles. It was             produced in the first place by the accidental (par             aventure) dropping of some brass filings into a pot of             melted glass.          2. (Min.) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled             throughout with scales of yellow mica.          {Aventurine feldspar}, a variety of oligoclase with internal             firelike reflections due to the presence of minute             crystals, probably of hematite; sunstone.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Avowant \A*vow"ant\, n. (Law)       The defendant in replevin, who avows the distress of the       goods, and justifies the taking. --Cowell.
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Aibonito zona, PR (urbana, FIPS 1218)       Location: 18.14179 N, 66.26610 W       Population (1990): 9978 (3245 housing units)       Area: 4.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Appomattox, VA (town, FIPS 2072)       Location: 37.35883 N, 78.82670 W       Population (1990): 1707 (732 housing units)       Area: 5.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)       Zip code(s): 24522
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Appomattox County, VA (county, FIPS 11)       Location: 37.36993 N, 78.81003 W       Population (1990): 12298 (4913 housing units)       Area: 864.3 sq km (land), 2.7 sq km (water)
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Avant, OK (town, FIPS 3500)       Location: 36.48858 N, 96.06002 W       Population (1990): 369 (159 housing units)       Area: 0.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Aventura, FL (CDP, FIPS 2681)       Location: 25.95920 N, 80.13389 W       Population (1990): 14914 (12829 housing units)       Area: 6.6 sq km (land), 1.8 sq km (water)
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Avondale, AZ (city, FIPS 4720)       Location: 33.42007 N, 112.32404 W       Population (1990): 16169 (5579 housing units)       Area: 57.3 sq km (land), 0.2 sq km (water)       Zip code(s): 85323    Avondale, LA (CDP, FIPS 3810)       Location: 29.90212 N, 90.19157 W       Population (1990): 5813 (1849 housing units)       Area: 14.1 sq km (land), 0.9 sq km (water)    Avondale, MO (city, FIPS 2800)       Location: 39.15351 N, 94.54497 W       Population (1990): 550 (228 housing units)       Area: 0.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)    Avondale, PA (borough, FIPS 3656)       Location: 39.82392 N, 75.78239 W       Population (1990): 954 (347 housing units)       Area: 1.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)       Zip code(s): 19311
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Avondale Estates, GA (city, FIPS 4644)       Location: 33.76857 N, 84.26480 W       Population (1990): 2209 (1074 housing units)       Area: 2.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water)       Zip code(s): 30002
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]:
ABEND /a'bend/, /*-bend'/ n.   [ABnormal END] 1. Abnormal    termination (of software); {crash}; {lossage}.   Derives from an    error message on the IBM 360; used jokingly by hackers but seriously    mainly by {code grinder}s.   Usually capitalized, but may appear as    `abend'.   Hackers will try to persuade you that ABEND is called    `abend' because it is what system operators do to the machine late    on Friday when they want to call it a day, and hence is from the    German `Abend' = `Evening'.   2. [alt.callahans] Absent By Enforced    Net Deprivation - used in the subject lines of postings warning    friends of an imminent loss of Internet access.   (This can be    because of computer downtime, loss of provider, moving or illness.)    Variants of this also appear: ABVND = `Absent By Voluntary Net    Deprivation' and ABSEND = `Absent By Self-Enforced Net Deprivation'    have been sighted.
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
ABEND          /o'bend/, /*-bend'/ ABnormal END.   Abnormal       termination (of {software}); {crash}; {lossage}.   Derives from       an error message on the {IBM 360}; used jokingly by hackers       but seriously mainly by {code grinder}s.   Usually capitalised,       but may appear as "abend".   Hackers will try to persuade you       that ABEND is called "abend" because it is what system       operators do to the computer late on Friday when they want to       call it a day, and hence is from the German "Abend" =       "Evening".          [{Jargon File}]          (1994-11-08)
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
affine transformation          A {linear transformation} followed by a       {translation}.   Given a {matrix} M and a {vector} v,             A(x) = Mx + v          is a typical affine transformation.          (1995-04-10)
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]:
Abinadab       father of nobleness; i.e., "noble." (1.) A Levite of       Kirjath-jearim, in whose house the ark of the covenant was       deposited after having been brought back from the land of the       Philistines (1 Sam. 7:1). It remained there twenty years, till       it was at length removed by David (1 Sam. 7:1,2; 1 Chr. 13:7).                (2.) The second of the eight sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:8). He       was with Saul in the campaign against the Philistines in which       Goliath was slain (1 Sam. 17:13).                (3.) One of Saul's sons, who peristed with his father in the       battle of Gilboa (1 Sam. 31:2; 1 Chr. 10:2).                (4.) One of Solomon's officers, who "provided victuals for the       king and his household." He presided, for this purpose, over the       district of Dor (1 Kings 4:11).
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]:
Affinity       relationship by alliance (2 Chr. 18:1) or by marriage (1 Kings       3:1). Marriages are prohibited within certain degrees of       affinity, enumerated Lev. 18:6-17. Consanguinity is relationship       by blood.
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]:
Abinadab, father of a vow, or of willingness
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix B       Abbreviations for International Organizations and Groups       Note: Not all international organizations and groups have    abbreviations.       A             ABEDA -- Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa             ACC -- Arab Cooperation Council             ACCT -- Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique; see Agency          for Cultural and Technical Cooperation             ACP -- African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries             AfDB -- African Development Bank             AFESD -- Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development             AG -- Andean Group             AL -- Arab League             ALADI -- Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion; see Latin          American Integration Association (LAIA)             AMF -- Arab Monetary Fund             AMU -- Arab Maghreb Union             ANZUS -- Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty             APEC -- Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation             AsDB -- Asian Development Bank             ASEAN -- Association of Southeast Asian Nations       B             BAD -- Banque Africaine de Developpement; see African Development          Bank (AfDB)             BADEA -- Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique; see          Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)             BCIE -- Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico; see          Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)             BDEAC -- Banque de Developpment des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale;          see Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)             Benelux -- Benelux Economic Union             BID -- Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo; see Inter-American          Development Bank (IADB)             BIS -- Bank for International Settlements             BOAD -- Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement; see West African          Development Bank (WADB)             BSEC -- Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone       C             C -- Commonwealth             CACM -- Central American Common Market             CAEU -- Council of Arab Economic Unity             CARICOM -- Caribbean Community and Common Market             CBSS -- Council of the Baltic Sea States             CCC -- Customs Cooperation Council             CDB -- Caribbean Development Bank             CE -- Council of Europe             CEAO -- Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest; see West          African Economic Community (CEAO)             CEEAC -- Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale;          see Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)             CEI -- Central European Initiative             CEMA -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; also known as CMEA          or Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991             CEPGL -- Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs; see          Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)             CERN -- Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire; see European          Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)             CG -- Contadora Group             CIS -- Commonwealth of Independent States             CMEA -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also known          as Comecon; abolished 1 January 1991             COCOM -- Coordinating Committee on Export Controls             Comecon -- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA); also          known as CMEA; abolished 1 January 1991             CP -- Colombo Plan             CSCE -- Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe       D             DC -- developed country       E             EADB -- East African Development Bank             EBRD -- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development             EC -- European Community; see European Union (EU)             ECA -- Economic Commission for Africa             ECAFE -- Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East; see          Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)             ECE -- Economic Commission for Europe             ECLA -- Economic Commission for Latin America; see Economic          Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)             ECLAC -- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean             ECO -- Economic Cooperation Organization             ECOSOC -- Economic and Social Council             ECOWAS -- Economic Community of West African States             ECSC -- European Coal and Steel Community             ECWA -- Economic Commission for Western Asia; see Economic and          Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)             EEC -- European Economic Community             EFTA -- European Free Trade Association             EIB -- European Investment Bank             Entente -- Council of the Entente             ESA -- European Space Agency             ESCAP -- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific             ESCWA -- Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia             EU -- European Union             Euratom -- European Atomic Energy Community       F             FAO -- Food and Agriculture Organization             FLS -- Front Line States             FZ -- Franc Zone       G             G-2 -- Group of 2             G-3 -- Group of 3             G-5 -- Group of 5             G-6 -- Group of 6 (not to be confused with the Big Six)             G-7 -- Group of 7             G-8 -- Group of 8             G-9 -- Group of 9             G-10 -- Group of 10             G-11 -- Group of 11             G-15 -- Group of 15             G-19 -- Group of 19             G-24 -- Group of 24             G-30 -- Group of 30             G-33 -- Group of 33             G-77 -- Group of 77             GATT -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade             GCC -- Gulf Cooperation Council       H             Habitat -- Commission on Human Settlements       I             IADB -- Inter-American Development Bank             IAEA -- International Atomic Energy Agency             IBEC -- International Bank for Economic Cooperation             IBRD -- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development             ICAO -- International Civil Aviation Organization             ICC -- International Chamber of Commerce             ICEM -- Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration; see          International Organization for Migration (IOM)             ICFTU -- International Confederation of Free Trade Unions             ICJ -- International Court of Justice             ICM -- Intergovernmental Committee for Migration; see          International Organization for Migration (IOM)             ICRC -- International Committee of the Red Cross             ICRM -- International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement             IDA -- International Development Association             IDB -- Islamic Development Bank             IEA -- International Energy Agency             IFAD -- International Fund for Agricultural Development             IFC -- International Finance Corporation             IFCTU -- International Federation of Christian Trade Unions             IFRCS -- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent          Societies             IGADD -- Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development             IIB -- International Investment Bank             ILO -- International Labor Organization             IMCO -- Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization; see          International Maritime Organization (IMO)             IMF -- International Monetary Fund             IMO -- International Maritime Organization             INMARSAT -- International Maritime Satellite Organization             INTELSAT -- International Telecommunications Satellite          Organization             INTERPOL -- International Criminal Police Organization             IOC -- International Olympic Committee             IOM -- International Organization for Migration             ISO -- International Organization for Standardization             ITU -- International Telecommunication Union       L             LAES -- Latin American Economic System             LAIA -- Latin American Integration Association             LAS -- League of Arab States; see Arab League (AL)             LDC -- less developed country             LLDC -- least developed country             LORCS -- League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies       M             MERCOSUR -- Mercado Comun del Cono Sur; see Southern Cone Common          Market             MINURSO -- United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western          Sahara             MTCR -- Missile Technology Control Regime       N             NACC -- North Atlantic Cooperation Council             NAM -- Nonaligned Movement             NATO -- North Atlantic Treaty Organization             NC -- Nordic Council             NEA -- Nuclear Energy Agency             NIB -- Nordic Investment Bank             NIC -- newly industrializing country; see newly industrializing          economy (NIE)             NIE -- newly industrializing economy             NSG -- Nuclear Suppliers Group       O             OAPEC -- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries             OAS -- Organization of American States             OAU -- Organization of African Unity             OECD -- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development             OECS -- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States             OIC -- Organization of the Islamic Conference             ONUMOZ -- see UNOMOZ             ONUSAL -- United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador             OPANAL -- Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en          la America Latina y el Caribe; see Agency for the Prohibition of          Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean             OPEC -- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries             OSCE -- Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe       P             PCA -- Permanent Court of Arbitration             PFP -- Partnership for Peace       R             RG -- Rio Group       S             SAARC -- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation             SACU -- Southern African Customs Union             SADC -- Southern African Development Community             SADCC -- Southern African Development Coordination Conference             SELA -- Sistema Economico Latinoamericana; see Latin American          Economic System (LAES)             SPARTECA -- South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation          Agreement             SPC -- South Pacific Commission             SPF -- South Pacific Forum       U             UDEAC -- Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique Centrale; see          Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)             UN -- United Nations             UNAVEM II -- United Nations Angola Verification Mission             UNAMIR -- United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda             UNCTAD -- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development             UNDOF -- United Nations Disengagement Observer Force             UNDP -- United Nations Development Program             UNEP -- United Nations Environment Program             UNESCO -- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural          Organization             UNFICYP -- United Nations Force in Cyprus             UNFPA -- United Nations Fund for Population Activities; see UN          Population Fund (UNFPA)             UNHCR -- United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for          Refugees             UNICEF -- United Nations Children's Fund             UNIDO -- United Nations Industrial Development Organization             UNIFIL -- United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon             UNIKOM -- United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission             UNITAR -- United Nations Institute for Training and Research             UNMIH -- United Nations Mission in Haiti             UNMOGIP -- United Nations Military Observer Group in India and          Pakistan             UNOMIG -- United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia             UNOMIL -- United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia             UNOMOZ -- United Nations Operation in Mozambique             UNOMUR -- United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (ONUMOZ)             UNOSOM -- United Nations Operation in Somalia             UNPROFOR -- United Nations Protection Force             UNRISD -- United Nations Research Institute for Social Development             UNRWA -- United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine          Refugees in the Near East             UNTAC -- United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia             UNTSO -- United Nations Truce Supervision Organization             UNU -- United Nations University             UPU -- Universal Postal Union             USSR/EE -- USSR/Eastern Europe       W             WADB -- West African Development Bank             WCL -- World Confederation of Labor             WEU -- Western European Union             WFC -- World Food Council             WFP -- World Food Program             WFTU -- World Federation of Trade Unions             WHO -- World Health Organization             WIPO -- World Intellectual Property Organization             WMO -- World Meteorological Organization             WP -- Warsaw Pact (members met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the          alliance)             WTO -- see WToO             WToO -- World Tourism Organization             WTrO -- World Trade Organization (will be added in The World          Factbook 1996)       Z             ZC -- Zangger Committee
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix C       International Organizations and Groups       Note: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) has    dissolved and ceases to exist. None of the successor states of the    former Yugoslavia, including Serbia and Montenegro, have been    permitted to participate solely on the basis of the membership of the    former Yugoslavia in the United Nations General Assembly and Economic    and Social Council and their subsidiary bodies and in various United    Nations specialized agencies. The United Nations, however, permits the    seat and nameplate of the SFRY to remain, permits the SFRY mission to    continue to function, and continues to fly the flag of the former    Yugoslavia. For a variety of reasons, a number of other organizations    have not yet taken action with regard to the membership of the former    Yugoslavia. The World Factbook therefore continues to list Yugoslavia    under international organizations where the SFRY seat remains or where    no action has yet been taken.       advanced developing countries       another term for those less developed countries (LDCs) with    particularly rapid industrial development; see newly industrializing    economies (NIEs)       African, Caribbean, and Pacific Countries (ACP)       address -- Avenue Georges Henri 451, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 733 96 00       FAX -- [32] (2) 735 55 73       established -- 1 April 1976       aim -- to manage their preferential economic and aid relationship with    the EU       members -- (70) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados,    Belize, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde,    Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire,    Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,    Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho,    Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique,    Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and    Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and    Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia,    Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and    Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zaire, Zambia,    Zimbabwe       African Development Bank (AfDB)       note -- also known as Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)       address -- 01 BP 1387, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire       telephone -- [225] 20 44 44       FAX -- [225] 21 77 53, 20 49 01, 20 49 09       established -- 4 August 1963       aim -- to promote economic and social development       regional members -- (51) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina,    Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad,    Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea,    Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,    Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,    Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao    Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan,    Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       nonregional members -- (26) Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,    Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan,    South Korea, Kuwait, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Saudi Arabia,    Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia       Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique (ACCT)       see -- Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)       Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT)       note -- acronym from Agence de Cooperation Culturelle et Technique       address -- 13 quai Andre-Citroen, F-75015 Paris, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 44 37 33 00       FAX -- [33] (1) 45 79 14 98       established -- 21 March 1970       aim -- to promote cultural and technical cooperation among    French-speaking countries       members -- (37) Belgium, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia,    Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote    d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Dominica, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon,    Guinea, Haiti, Laos, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritius,    Monaco, Niger, Romania, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia,    Vanuatu, Vietnam, Zaire       associate members -- (5) Egypt, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Morocco,    Saint Lucia       participating governments -- (2) New Brunswick (Canada), Quebec    (Canada)       Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the       Caribbean (OPANAL)       note -- acronym from Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas    Nucleares en la America Latina y el Caribe (OPANAL)       address -- Temistocles 78, Col Polanco, CP 011560, Mexico City 5 DF,    Mexico       telephone -- [52] (5) 280 4923, 280 5064       FAX -- [52] (5) 280 2965       established -- 14 February 1967       aim -- to encourage the peaceful uses of atomic energy and prohibit    nuclear weapons       members -- (28) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,    Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras,    Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Vincent and    the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela       Andean Group (AG)       address -- c\o JUNAC, Paseo de la Republica 3895, Casilla 18-1177,    Lima 27, Peru       telephone -- [51] (14) 414212       FAX -- [51] (14) 420911       established -- 26 May 1969       effective -- 16 October 1969       aim -- to promote harmonious development through economic integration       members -- (5) Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela       associate member -- (1) Panama       observers -- (26) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,    Canada, Costa Rica, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, India,    Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Paraguay, Spain, Sweden,    Switzerland, UK, US, Uruguay, Yugoslavia       Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)       note -- also known as Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en    Afrique (BADEA)       address -- Sayed Abdel Rahman El Mahdi Avenue, P.O. Box 2640,    Khartoum, Sudan       telephone -- [249] (11) 73646, 73498, 73709       FAX -- [249] (11) 70600       established -- 18 February 1974       effective -- 16 September 1974       aim -- to promote economic development       members -- (17 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,    Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,    Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE,    Palestine Liberation Organization; note - these are all the members of    the Arab League except for Comoros, Djibouti, Somalia, and Yemen       Arab Cooperation Council (ACC)       established -- 16 February 1989       aim -- to promote economic cooperation and integration, possibly    leading to an Arab Common Market       members -- (4) Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen       Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD)       address -- P.O. Box 21923, Safat 13080, Kuwait       telephone -- [965] 2451580, 2451588       FAX -- [965] 2416758       established -- 16 May 1968       aim -- to promote economic and social development       members -- (20 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,    Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt (suspended from 1979 to 1988), Iraq, Jordan,    Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi    Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine    Liberation Organization       Arab League (AL)       note -- also known as League of Arab States (LAS)       address -- Midan Attahrir, Tahrir Square, P.O. Box 11642, Cairo, Egypt       telephone -- [20] (2) 750 511       FAX -- [20] (2) 740 331       established -- 22 March 1945       aim -- to promote economic, social, political, and military    cooperation       members -- (21 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,    Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon,    Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan,    Syria, Tunisia, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization       Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)       address -- 27 avenue Okba Agdal, Rabat, Morocco       established -- 17 February 1989       aim -- to promote cooperation and integration among the Arab states of    northern Africa       members -- (5) Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia       Arab Monetary Fund (AMF)       address -- P.O. Box 2818, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates       telephone -- [971] (2) 215000       FAX -- [971] (2) 326454       established -- 27 April 1976       effective -- 2 February 1977       aim -- to promote Arab cooperation, development, and integration in    monetary and economic affairs       members -- (19 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Algeria,    Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania,    Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia,    UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization       Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)       address -- Ministry of Trade and Industry, Public Relations, 8 Shenton    Way No 48-01, Treasury Building, Singapore, Singapore       established -- 7 November 1989       aim -- to promote trade and investment in the Pacific basin       members -- (18) all ASEAN members (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,    Philippines, Singapore, Thailand) plus Australia, Canada, Chile,    China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, NZ, Papua New Guinea,    Taiwan, US       observers -- (3) Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Pacific    Economic Cooperation Conference, South Pacific Forum       Asian Development Bank (AsDB)       address -- 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, METRO Manila, Philippines       telephone -- [63] (2) 711 3851       FAX -- [63] (2) 741 7961, 631 6816       established -- 19 December 1966       aim -- to promote regional economic cooperation       regional members -- (40) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan,    Burma, Cambodia, China, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hong Kong, India,    Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia,    Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,    Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Tonga,    Tuvalu, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa       nonregional members -- (16) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark,    Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden,    Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US       Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI)       see -- Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)       Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)       address -- Jalan Sisingamangaraja 70A, Kebayoran Baru, P.O. Box 2072,    Jakarta 12110, Indonesia       telephone -- [62] (21) 71 22 72, 71 19 88       FAX -- [62] (21) 739 82 34       established -- 9 August 1967       aim -- to encourage regional economic, social, and cultural    cooperation among the non-Communist countries of Southeast Asia       members -- (6) Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore,    Thailand       observers -- (3) Laos, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam       Australia Group       established -- 1984       aim -- to consult on and coordinate export controls related to    chemical and biological weapons       members -- (28) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,    Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland,    Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US       observer -- (1) Singapore       Australia-New Zealand-United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)       address -- c/o Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Bag 8, Queen    Victoria Terrace, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia       telephone -- [61] (62) 61 91 11       FAX -- [61] (62) 61 21 51       established -- 1 September 1951       effective -- 29 April 1952       aim -- to implement a trilateral mutual security agreement, although    the US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986       members -- (3) Australia, NZ, US       Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico (BCIE)       see -- Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)       Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)       see -- Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)       Bank for International Settlements (BIS)       address -- Centralbahnplatz 2, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (61) 280 80 80       FAX -- [41] (61) 280 91 00       established -- 20 January 1930       effective -- 17 March 1930       aim -- to promote cooperation among central banks in international    financial settlements       members -- (33) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,    Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands,    Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain,    Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US, Yugoslavia       Banque Africaine de Developpement (BAD)       see -- African Development Bank (AfDB)       Banque Arabe de Developpement Economique en Afrique (BADEA)       see -- Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA)       Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (BDEAC)       see -- Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)       Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)       see -- West African Development Bank (WADB)       Benelux Economic Union (Benelux)       note -- acronym from Belgium, Netherlands, and Luxembourg       address -- Rue de la Regence 39, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 519 38 11       FAX -- [32] (2) 513 42 06       established -- 3 February 1958       effective -- 1 November 1960       aim -- to develop closer economic cooperation and integration       members -- (3) Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands       Big Seven       note -- membership is the same as the Group of 7       established -- NA 1975       aim -- to discuss and coordinate major economic policies       members -- (7) Big Six (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK)    plus the US       Big Six       note -- not to be confused with the Group of 6       established -- NA 1967       aim -- to foster economic cooperation       members -- (6) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK       Black Sea Economic Cooperation Zone (BSEC)       established -- 25 June 1992       aim -- to enhance regional stability through economic cooperation       members -- (11) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia,    Greece, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine       observer -- (1) Poland       Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM)       address -- CARICOM, P.O. Box 10827, Bank of Guyana Building, 3rd    floor, Avenue of the Republic, Georgetown, Guyana       telephone -- [592] (2) 69281 through 69289       FAX -- [592] (2) 66091, 67816, 57341       established -- 4 July 1973       effective -- 1 August 1973       aim -- to promote economic integration and development, especially    among the less developed countries       members -- (14) Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize,    Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis,    Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and    Tobago       associate members -- (2) British Virgin Islands, Turks and Caicos    Islands       observers -- (9) Anguilla, Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Dominican    Republic, Haiti, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Venezuela       Caribbean Development Bank (CDB)       address -- P.O. Box 408, Wildey, St. Michael, Barbados       telephone -- [1] (809) 431 1600       FAX -- [1] (809) 426 7269       established -- 18 October 1969       effective -- 26 January 1970       aim -- to promote economic development and cooperation       regional members -- (20) Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas,    Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Colombia,    Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Mexico, Montserrat, Saint Kitts    and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and    Tobago, Turks and Caicos Islands, Venezuela       nonregional members -- (5) Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK       Cartagena Group       see -- Group of 11       Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)       note -- acronym from Union Douaniere et Economique de l'Afrique    Centrale       address -- BP 969, Bangui, Central African Republic       telephone -- [236] 61 09 22, 61 45 77       FAX -- [236] 61 21 35       established -- 8 December 1964       effective -- 1 January 1966       aim -- to promote the establishment of a Central African Common Market       members -- (6) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,    Equatorial Guinea, Gabon       Central African States Development Bank (BDEAC)       note -- acronym from Banque de Developpement des Etats de l'Afrique    Centrale       address -- BDEAC, Place du Gouvernement, BP 1177, Brazzaville, Congo       telephone -- [242] 83 01 26, 83 01 49, 81 02 12, 81 02 21       FAX -- [242] 83 02 66       established -- 3 December 1975       aim -- to provide loans for economic development       members -- (9) Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo,    Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon, Germany, Kuwait       Central American Bank for Economic Integration (BCIE)       note -- acronym from Banco Centroamericano de Integracion Economico       address -- Apartado Postal 772, Tegucigalpa DC, Honduras       telephone -- [504] 372230 through 372239, 371184 through 371188       FAX -- [504] 370793       established -- 13 December 1960       aim -- to promote economic integration and development       members -- (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua       nonregional members -- (4) Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, Venezuela       Central American Common Market (CACM)       address -- 4A Avda 10-25, Zona 14, Apdo Postal 1237, 01901 Guatemala    City, Guatemala       telephone -- [502] (2) 682151       FAX -- [502] (2) 681071       established -- 13 December 1960       effective -- 3 June 1961       aim -- to promote establishment of a Central American Common Market       members -- (5) Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua       Central European Initiative (CEI)       note -- evolved from the Hexagonal Group       address -- Chairman of the National Coordinators, Ministry for Foreign    Affairs, Bem rakpart 47, Budapest II, Hungary       established -- 27 July 1991       aim -- to form an economic and political cooperation group for the    region between the Adriatic and the Baltic Seas       members -- (10) Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech    Republic, Hungary, Italy, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,    Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia       associate members -- (4) Bulgaria, Belarus, Romania, Ukraine       centrally planned economies       a term applied mainly to the traditionally Communist states that    looked to the former USSR for leadership; most are now evolving toward    more democratic and market-oriented systems; also known formerly as    the Second World or as the Communist countries; through the 1980s,    this group included Albania, Bulgaria, Cambodia, China, Cuba,    Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Poland,    Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yugoslavia       Colombo Plan (CP)       address -- Colombo Plan Bureau, P.O. Box 596, 12 Melbourne Avenue,    Colombo 4, Sri Lanka       telephone -- [94] (1) 581813, 581853, 581754       FAX -- [94] (1) 580721       established -- 1 July 1951       aim -- to promote economic and social development in Asia and the    Pacific       members -- (24) Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma,    Cambodia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, South Korea, Laos,    Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea,    Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, US       Commission for Social Development       note -- formerly Social Commission       address -- c/o ECOSOC/DPCSD, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 2320       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 5935       established -- 21 June 1946 as the Social Commission, renamed 29 July    1966       aim -- to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with    social development programs of UN       members -- (32) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice       established -- 6 February 1992       aim -- to provide guidance, as part of the Economic and Social    Council, on crime prevention and criminal justice       members -- (40) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Commission on Human Rights       address -- c/o United Nationas Office, Centre for Human Rights, Palais    des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34       FAX -- [41] (22) 733 32 46       established -- 18 February 1946       aim -- to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with    human rights programs of UN       members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Commission on Human Settlements (Habitat)       address -- c/o HABITAT, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya       telephone -- [254] (2) 621234       FAX -- [254] (2) 226473, 226479       established -- 12 October 1978       aim -- to assist, as part of the Economic and Social Council, in    solving human settlement problems of UN       members -- (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Commission on Narcotic Drugs       address -- c/o International Drug Control Programme, Treaty    Implementation and Legal Affairs Division, P.O. Box 500, A-1400    Vienna, Austria       telephone -- [43] (1) 211 310       FAX -- [43] (1) 230 7002       established -- 16 February 1946       aim -- Economic and Social Council organization dealing with illicit    drugs programs of UN       members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions with    emphasis on producing and processing countries       Commission on Science and Technology for Development       established -- 30 April 1992       aim -- to promote international cooperation, as part of the Economic    and Social Council, in the field of science and technology       members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Commission on the Status of Women       address -- c/o Economic and Social Council, Affairs Division,    Department for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, Room    S-2963, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       established -- 21 June 1946       aim -- to deal, as part of the Economic and Social Council, with    women's rights goals of UN       members -- (45) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Commission on Sustainable Development       established -- 12 February 1993       aim -- to monitor, as part of the Economic and Social Council,    implementation of agreements reached at the UN Conference on    Environment and Development       members -- (53) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Commonwealth (C)       address -- c/o Commonwealth Secretariat, Marlborough House, Pall Mall,    London SW1Y5HX, UK       telephone -- [44] (71) 839 3411       FAX -- [44] (71) 930 0827       established -- 31 December 1931       aim -- to foster multinational cooperation and assistance, as a    voluntary association that evolved from the British Empire       members -- (49) Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas,    Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus,    Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya,    Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritius,    Namibia, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and    Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles,    Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka,    Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, UK, Vanuatu,    Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe       special members -- (2) Nauru, Tuvalu       Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)       address -- Kirov Street 17, 220000 Minsk, Belarus       telephone -- [7] (172) 293434, 293517       FAX -- [7] (172) 261894, 261944       established -- 8 December 1991       effective -- 21 December 1991       aim -- to coordinate intercommonwealth relations and to provide a    mechanism for the orderly dissolution of the USSR       members -- (12) Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan,    Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,    Uzbekistan       Communaute Economique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CEAO)       see -- West African Economic Community (CEAO)       Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale (CEEAC)       see -- Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)       Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs (CEPGL)       see -- Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)       Communist countries       traditionally the Marxist-Leninist states with authoritarian    governments and command economies based on the Soviet model; most of    the original and the successor states are no longer Communist; see    centrally planned economies       Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE)       see -- Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)       Conseil Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire (CERN)       see -- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)       Contadora Group (CG)       was established 5 January 1983 (on the Panamanian island of Contadora)    to reduce tensions and conflicts in Central America; has evolved into    the Rio Group (RG); members included Colombia, Mexico, Panama,    Venezuela       Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf       see -- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)       Coordinating Committee on Export Controls (COCOM)       established in 1949 to control the export of strategic products and    technical data from member countries to proscribed destinations;    members were Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany,    Greece, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,    Spain, Turkey, UK, US; was abolished 31 March 1994; COCOM members are    working on a new organization with expanded membership which focuses    on nonproliferation export controls as opposed to East-West control of    advanced technology       Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CEMA)       note -- also known as CMEA or Comecon established 25 January 1949 to    promote the development of socialist economies and was abolished 1    January 1991; members included Afghanistan (observer), Albania (had    not participated since 1961 break with USSR), Angola (observer),    Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Ethiopia (observer), GDR, Hungary,    Laos (observer), Mongolia, Mozambique (observer), Nicaragua    (observer), Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam, Yemen (observer),    Yugoslavia (associate)       Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU)       address -- BP 925100, Amman, Jordan       telephone -- [962] (6) 66 43 26, 66 43 27, 66 43 28       FAX -- [962] (6) 66 33 43       established -- 3 June 1957       effective -- 30 May 1964       aim -- to promote economic integration among Arab nations       members -- (11 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Egypt,    Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, UAE,    Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization       Council of Europe (CE)       address -- Palais de lEurope, F-67075 Strasbourg CEDEX, France       telephone -- [33] 88 41 20 00       FAX -- [33] 88 41 27 81, 88 41 27 82       established -- 5 May 1949       effective -- 3 August 1949       aim -- to promote increased unity and quality of life in Europe       members -- (32) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,    Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,    Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK       guests -- (9) Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,    Latvia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Russia,    Ukraine       observer -- (1) Israel       Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)       established -- 5 March 1992       aim -- to promote cooperation among the Baltic Sea states in the areas    of aid to new democratic institutions, economic development,    humanitarian aid, energy and the environment, cultural programs and    education, and transportation and communication       members -- (10) Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania,    Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden       Council of the Entente (Entente)       address -- BP 3734, Abidjan 01, Cote dIvoire       telephone -- [225] 33 10 01, 33 28 35       FAX -- [225] 33 11 49       established -- 29 May 1959       aim -- to promote economic, social, and political coordination       members -- (5) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Niger, Togo       Customs Cooperation Council (CCC)       address -- Rue de lIndustrie 26-38, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 508 42 11       FAX -- [32] (2) 508 42 40       established -- 15 December 1950       aim -- to promote international cooperation in customs matters       members -- (136) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,    Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus,    Belgium, Bermuda, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,    Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chile, China,    Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon,    The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,    Guyana, Haiti, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,    Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,    Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,    Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macau, The Former Yugoslav Republic of    Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,    Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,    Netherlands, NZ, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru,    Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi    Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South    Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,    Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,    Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,    Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       developed countries (DCs)       the top group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former    USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries    (LDCs); includes the market-oriented economies of the mainly    democratic nations in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and    Development (OECD), Bermuda, Israel, South Africa, and the European    ministates; also known as the First World, high-income countries, the    North, industrial countries; generally have a per capita GDP in excess    of $10,000 although four OECD countries and South Africa have figures    well under $10,000 and two of the excluded OPEC countries have figures    of more than $10,000; the 35 DCs are: Andorra, Australia, Austria,    Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, France,    Germany, Greece, Holy See, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan,    Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, NZ,    Norway, Portugal, San Marino, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,    Switzerland, Turkey, UK, US       developing countries       an imprecise term for the less developed countries with growing    economies;       see -- less developed countries (LDCs)       East African Development Bank (EADB)       address -- 4 Nile Avenue, P.O. Box 7128, Kampala, Uganda       telephone -- [256] (41) 230021, 230825       FAX -- [256] (41) 259763       established -- 6 June 1967       effective -- 1 December 1967       aim -- to promote economic development       members -- (3) Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda       Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)       address -- United Nations Building, Rajadamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200,    Thailand       telephone -- [66] (2) 2829161 through 2829200, 2829381 through 2829389       FAX -- [66] (2) 2811743       established -- 28 March 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the    Far East (ECAFE)       aim -- to carryout the commitment of the Economic and Social Council    of the UN to promote economic development       members -- (49) Afghanistan, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan,    Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Fiji, France,    India, Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kiribati, North Korea,    South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands,    Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands,    NZ, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Russia, Singapore,    Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Tonga, Turkmenistan,    Tuvalu, UK, US, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Western Samoa       associate members -- (10) American Samoa, Cook Islands, French    Polynesia, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau, New Caledonia, Niue, Northern    Mariana Islands, Palau       Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)       address -- (temporary) P.O. Box 927115, Amman, Jordan       telephone -- [962] (6) 694351       FAX -- [962] (6) 694981, 694982       established -- 9 August 1973 as Economic Commission for Western Asia    (ECWA)       aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission for    the UN's Economic and Social Council       members -- (12 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Bahrain,    Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia,    Syria, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization       Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)       address -- United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718       established -- 26 June 1945       effective -- 24 October 1945       aim -- to coordinate the economic and social work of the UN; includes    five regional commissions (see Economic Commission for Africa,    Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Latin America    and the Caribbean, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the    Pacific, Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia) and 10    functional commissions (see Commission for Social Development,    Commission on Human Rights, Commission on Narcotic Drugs, Commission    on the Status of Women, Population Commission, Statistical Commission,    Commission on Science and Technology for Development, Commission on    Sustainable Development, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal    Justice, and Commission on Transnational Corporations)       members -- (54) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)       address -- P.O. Box 3001-3005, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia       telephone -- [251] (1) 51 72 00       FAX -- [251] (1) 51 44 16       established -- 29 April 1958       aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission of the    UN's Economic and Social Council       members -- (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi,    Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo,    Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,    Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho,    Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and    Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa,    Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia,    Zimbabwe       associate members -- (2) France, UK       Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE)       see -- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)       Economic Commission for Europe (ECE)       address -- Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 917 1234, 907 2893       FAX -- [41] (22) 917 0036       established -- 28 March 1947       aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission of the    UN's Economic and Social Council       members -- (54) Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan,    Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia,    Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia,    Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan,    Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands,    Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,    UK, US, Uzbekistan, Yugoslavia       Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)       see -- Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)       Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)       address -- Edificio Naciones Unidas, Avenida Dag Hammarskjold, Casilla    179 D, Santiago, Chile       telephone -- [56] (2) 2102000 FAX [56] (2) 2080252, 2081946       established -- 25 February 1948 as Economic Commission for Latin    America (ECLA)       aim -- to promote economic development as a regional commission of the    UN's Economic and Social Council       members -- (41) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,    Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba,    Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, Grenada,    Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico,    Netherlands, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Saint Kitts    and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Spain,    Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela       associate members -- (6) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat,    Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands       Economic Commission for Western Asia (ECWA)       see -- Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA)       Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC)       note -- acronym from Communaute Economique des Etats de l'Afrique    Centrale       address -- CEEAC, BP 2112, Libreville, Gabon       telephone -- [241] 73 35 47, 73 35 48, 73 36 77       established -- 18 October 1983       aim -- to promote regional economic cooperation and establish a    Central African Common Market       members -- (10) Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad,    Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Zaire       observer -- (1) Angola       Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)       note -- acronym from Communaute Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs       address -- B.O. Box 58, Gisenyi, Rwanda       telephone -- [250] 40228       FAX -- [250] 40785       established -- 26 September 1976       aim -- to promote regional economic cooperation and integration       members -- (3) Burundi, Rwanda, Zaire       Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)       address -- 6 King George V Road, PMB 12745, Lagos, Nigeria       telephone -- [234] (1) 636839, 636841, 636064, 630398       FAX -- [234] (1) 636822       established -- 28 May 1975       aim -- to promote regional economic cooperation       members -- (16) Benin, Burkina, Cape Verde, Cote d'Ivoire, The Gambia,    Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,    Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo       Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)       address -- 5 Hejab Avenue, Bd Keshavarz, P.O. Box 14155-6176, Teheran,    Iran Islamic Republic       telephone -- [98] (21) 658614, 656152, 658045       FAX -- [98] (21) 658046       established -- NA 1985       aim -- to promote regional cooperation in trade, transportation,    communications, tourism, cultural affairs, and economic development       members -- (10) Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,    Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan       associate member -- (1) "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus"       European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)       address -- One Exchange Square, London EC2A 2EH, UK       telephone -- [44] (71) 338 6000       FAX -- [44] (71) 338 6100       established -- 15 April 1991       aim -- to facilitate the transition of seven centrally planned    economies in Europe (Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland,    Romania, former USSR, and former Yugoslavia) to market economies by    committing 60% of its loans to privatization       members -- (59) Albania, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,    Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Egypt, European Union (EU), European Investment Bank (EIB),    Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,    Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan,    Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav    Republic of Macedonia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Netherlands,    NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,    Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,    UK, US, Uzbekistan; note - includes all 25 members of the OECD; also    includes the EU as a single entity       European Community (or European Communities, EC)       was established 8 April 1965 to integrate the European Atomic Energy    Community (Euratom), the European Coal and Steel Community (ESC), the    European Economic Community (EEC or Common Market), and to establish a    completely integrated common market and an eventual federation of    Europe; merged into the European Union (EU) on 7 February 1992; member    states at the time of merger were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany,    Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK       European Free Trade Association (EFTA)       address -- 9-11 rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 749 11 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 733 92 91       established -- 4 January 1960       effective -- 3 May 1960       aim -- to promote expansion of free trade       members -- (7) Austria, Finland, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway,    Sweden, Switzerland       European Investment Bank (EIB)       address -- Bd Konrad Adenauer 100, L-2950 Luxembourg, Luxembourg       telephone -- [352] 43791       FAX -- [352] 437704       established -- 25 March 1957       effective -- 1 January 1958       aim -- to promote economic development of the EU       members -- (12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,    Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK       European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)       note -- acronym retained from the predecessor organization Conseil    Europeen pour la Recherche Nucleaire       address -- CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 767 61 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 767 65 55       established -- 1 July 1953       effective -- 29 September 1954       aim -- to foster nuclear research for peaceful purposes only       members -- (19) Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,    France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,    Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK       observers -- (6) EC, Israel, Russia, Turkey, United Nations    Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO),    Yugoslavia       European Space Agency (ESA)       address -- 8-10 rue Mario Nikis, F-75738 Paris CEDEX 15, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 42 73 76 54       FAX -- [33] (1) 42 73 75 60       established -- 31 July 1973       effective -- 1 May 1975       aim -- to promote peaceful cooperation in space research and    technology       members -- (13) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland,    Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK       associate member -- (1) Finland       cooperating state -- (1) Canada       European Union (EU)       note -- evolved from the European Community (EC)       address -- c/o European Commission, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049    Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 299 11 11 FAX [32] (2) 295 01 38 through 295 01    40       established -- 7 February 1992       effective -- 1 November 1993       aim -- to coordinate policy among the 15 members in three fields:    economics, building on the European Economic Community's (EEC) efforts    to establish a common market and eventually a common currency;    defense, within the concept of a Common Foreign and Security Policy    (CFSP); and justice and home affairs, including immigration, drugs,    terrorism, and improved living and working conditions       members -- (15) Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany,    Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain,    Sweden, UK       First World       another term for countries with advanced, industrialized economies;    this term is fading from use; see developed countries (DCs)       Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)       address -- Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy       telephone -- [39] (6) 52251 FAX [39] (6) 5225 3152, 5225 5155, 578    2610       established -- 16 October 1945       aim -- to raise living standards and increase availability of    agricultural products, as a UN specialized agency       members -- (170) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain,    Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia    and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,    Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African    Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica,    Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,    Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,    Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, EU, Fiji, Finland,    France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,    Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,    India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,    Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The    Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,    Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,    Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda,    Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,    Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra    Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa,    Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,    Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,    Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,    Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       associate member -- (1) Puerto Rico       Former USSR       /Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE) the middle group in the hierarchy of    developed countries (DCs), former USSR/Eastern Europe (former    USSR/EE), and less developed countries (LDCs); these countries are in    political and economic transition and may well be grouped differently    in the near future; this group of 27 countries consists of Albania,    Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,    Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan,    Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of    Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro,    Slovakia, Slovenia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       Four Dragons       the four small Asian less developed countries (LDCs) that have    experienced unusually rapid economic growth; also known as the Four    Tigers; this group includes Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan       Four Tigers       another term for the Four Dragons; see Four Dragons       Franc Zone (FZ)       address -- Direction Generale des Service Etrangers (Service de la    Zone Franc), Banque de France, 39 rue Crois-des-Petits-Champs, BP    140-01, Paris Cedex 01, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 42 92 31 26       FAX -- [33] (1) 42 92 39 88       established -- 20 December 1945       aim -- to form a monetary union among countries whose currencies are    linked to the French franc       members -- (15) Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Central African Republic,    Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, France, Gabon,    Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo; note - France includes metropolitan    France, the four overseas departments of France (French Guiana,    Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion), the two territorial collectivities    of France (Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), and the three overseas    territories of France (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and    Futuna)       Front Line States (FLS)       established to achieve black majority rule in South Africa; members    included Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia,    Zimbabwe       General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)       note -- was subsumed by the World Trade Organization (WTrO) on 1    January 1995       address -- rue de Lausanne 154, CH-1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 739 51 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 731 42 06       established -- 30 October 1947       effective -- 1 January 1948       aim -- to promote the expansion of international trade on a    nondiscriminatory basis       members -- (123) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,    Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin,    Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon,    Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa    Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica,    Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,    The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau,    Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India,    Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, South Korea,    Kuwait, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi,    Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,    Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,    Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,    Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,    Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia    (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       Group of 2 (G-2)       established -- informal term that came into use about 1986       aim -- to facilitate bilateral economic cooperation between the two    most powerful economic giants       members -- (2) Japan, US       Group of 3 (G-3)       established -- NA October 1990       aim -- mechanism for policy coordination       members -- (3) Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela       Group of 5 (G-5)       established -- 22 September 1985       aim -- to coordinate the economic policies of the five major    non-Communist economic powers       members -- (5) France, Germany, Japan, UK, US       Group of 6 (G-6)       note -- also known as Groupe des Six Sur le Desarmement not to be    confused with the Big Six       established -- 22 May 1984       aim -- to achieve nuclear disarmament       members -- (6) Argentina, Greece, India, Mexico, Sweden, Tanzania       Group of 7 (G-7)       note -- membership is the same as the Big Seven       established -- 22 September 1985       aim -- to facilitate economic cooperation among the seven major non-    Communist economic powers       members -- (7) Group of 5 (France, Germany, Japan, UK, US) plus Canada    and Italy       Group of 8 (G-8)       established -- NA October 1975       aim -- to facilitate economic cooperation among the developed    countries (DCs) that participated in the Conference on International    Economic Cooperation (CIEC), held in several sessions between NA    December 1975 and 3 June 1977       members -- (8) Australia, Canada, EU (as one member), Japan, Spain,    Sweden, Switzerland, US       Group of 9 (G-9)       established -- NA       aim -- to discuss matters of mutual interest on an informal basis       members -- (9) Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Hungary,    Romania, Sweden, Yugoslavia       Group of 10 (G-10)       note -- also known as the Paris Club; includes the wealthiest members    of the IMF who provide most of the money to be loaned and act as the    informal steering committee; name persists in spite of the addition of    Switzerland on NA April 1984       address -- c/o IMF Office in Europe, 64-66 ave dIena, F-75116 Paris,    France       telephone -- [33] (1) 40 69 30 80       FAX -- [33] (1) 47 23 40 89       established -- NA October 1962       aim -- to coordinate credit policy       members -- (11) Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,    Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US       nonstate participants -- (4) BIS, EU, IMF, OECD       Group of 11 (G-11)       note -- also known as the Cartagena Group       established -- 22 June 1984, in Cartagena, Colombia       aim -- to provide a forum for largest debtor nations in Latin America       members -- (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela       Group of 15 (G-15)       note -- byproduct of the Non-Aligned Movement       address -- Technical Support Facility, Ch du Champ dAncier 17, Case    postale 326, CH-1211 Geneva 19, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 798 42 10       FAX -- [41] (22) 798 38 49       established -- September 1989       aim -- to promote economic cooperation among developing nations; to    act as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement       members -- (15) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, India, Indonesia,    Jamaica, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Senegal, Venezuela,    Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe       Group of 19 (G-19)       established -- NA October 1975       aim -- to represent the interests of the less developed countries    (LDCs) that participated in the Conference on International Economic    Cooperation (CIEC) held in several sessions between NA December 1975    and 3 June 1977       members -- (19) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Cameroon, Egypt, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Saudi    Arabia, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia       Group of 24 (G-24)       address -- c/o European Commission, DGI, G-24 Coordination Unit, Rue    de la Science 29, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 299 22 44       FAX -- [32] (2) 299 06 02       established -- NA January 1972       aim -- to promote the interests of developing countries in Africa,    Asia, and Latin America within the IMF       members -- (24) Algeria, Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire,    Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, India, Iran, Lebanon,    Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Syria,    Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire       Group of 30 (G-30)       address -- 1990 M Street NW, Suite 450, Washington, DC 20036, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 331 2472       established -- NA 1979       aim -- to discuss and propose solutions to the world's economic    problems       members -- (30) informal group of 30 leading international bankers,    economists, financial experts, and businessmen organized by Johannes    Witteveen (former managing director of the IMF)       Group of 33 (G-33)       established -- NA 1987       aim -- to promote solutions to international economic problems       members -- (33) leading economists from 13 countries       Group of 77 (G-77)       established -- NA October 1967       aim -- to promote economic cooperation among developing countries;    name persists in spite of increased membership       members -- (127 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)    Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,    Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,    Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia,    Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti,    Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial    Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala,    Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia,    Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,    Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman,    Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,    Qatar, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint    Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,    Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands,    Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania,    Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE,    Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,    Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine Liberation Organization       Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)       note -- also known as the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of    the Gulf       address -- P.O. Box 7431, Riyadh 11462 Saudi Arabia       telephone -- [966] (1) 4827777       FAX -- [966] (1) 4829089       established -- 25 May 1981       aim -- to promote regional cooperation in economic, social, political,    and military affairs       members -- (6) Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE       Habitat       see -- Commission on Human Settlements       Hexagonal Group       see -- Central European Initiative (CEI)       high-income countries       another term for the industrialized countries with high per capita    GDPs;       see -- developed countries (DCs)       industrial countries       another term for the developed countries; see developed countries    (DCs)       Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)       note -- also known as Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID)       address -- 1300 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 10577, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 632 1000       FAX -- [1] (202) 789 2835       established -- 8 April 1959       effective -- 30 December 1959       aim -- to promote economic and social development in Latin America       members -- (46) Argentina, Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium,    Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia,    Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Finland, France,    Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,    Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,    Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Trinidad and    Tobago, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela       Inter-Governmental Authority on Drought and Development (IGADD)       address -- BP 2653, Djibouti, Djibouti       telephone -- [253] 354050, 352880       FAX -- [253] 356994       established -- 15-16 January 1986       aim -- to promote cooperation on drought-related matters       members -- (7) Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan,    Uganda       International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)       address -- Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria       telephone -- [43] (1) 2360 2045 FAX [43] (1) 234564       established -- 26 October 1956       effective -- 29 July 1957       aim -- to promote peaceful uses of atomic energy       members -- (121) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Argentina, Armenia,    Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil,    Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia,    Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia,    Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala,    Haiti, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,    Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,    South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,    Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,    Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico,    Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,    Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,    Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri    Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia,    Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela,    Vietnam, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Bank for Economic Cooperation (IBEC)       was established on 22 October 1963 to promote economic cooperation and    development; members were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East    Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is    a Russian bank with a new charter       International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)       note -- also known as the World Bank       address -- 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 477 1234       FAX -- [1] (202) 477 6391       established -- 22 July 1944       effective -- 27 December 1945       aim -- to provide economic development loans; a UN specialized agency       members -- (178) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,    Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African    Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica,    Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,    Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial    Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The    Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The    Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,    Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,    Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,    Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,    Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra    Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South    Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,    Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine,    UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western    Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)       address -- 38 Cours Albert 1st, F-75008 Paris, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 49 53 28 75       FAX -- [33] (1) 49 53 29 42       established -- NA 1919       aim -- to promote free trade and private enterprise and to represent    business interests at national and international levels       members -- (59 national councils) Argentina, Australia, Austria,    Belgium, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire,    Cyprus, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany,    Greece, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy,    Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Luxembourg, Madagascar,    Mexico, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Portugal,    Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, US,    Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire       International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)       address -- 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 327, Montreal PQ H3A    2R2, Canada       telephone -- [1] (514) 285 8219       FAX -- [1] (514) 288 4772       established -- 7 December 1944       effective -- 4 April 1947       aim -- to promote international cooperation in civil aviation; a UN    specialized agency       members -- (183) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,    Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,    Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,    Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,    Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic,    Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia,    Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,    Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,    Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,    Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,    Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,    Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,    Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New    Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,    Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San    Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,    Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia,    South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,    Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine,    UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen,    Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)       address -- ICRC, 19 av de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 734 60 01       FAX -- [41] (22) 733 82 80       established -- NA 1863       aim -- to provide humanitarian aid in wartime       members -- (25 individuals) all Swiss nationals       International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)       address -- International Trade Union House, Bd Emile Jacqmain 155,    B-1210 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 224 02 11       FAX -- [32] (2) 218 84 15, 219 75 03       established -- NA December 1949       aim -- to promote the trade union movement       members -- (164 national organizations in the following 118 areas)    Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas,    Bangladesh, Barbados, Basque Country, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda,    Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,    Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Curacao,    Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Dominican Republic,    Ecuador, El Salvador, Estonia, Falkland Islands, Fiji, Finland,    France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,    Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Holy See, Honduras, Hong Kong, Iceland,    India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati,    South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Morocco,    Netherlands, New Caledonia, NZ, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,    Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,    Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis,    Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Senegal,    Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela,    Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Court of Justice (ICJ)       note -- also known as the World Court       address -- Peace Palace, NL-2517 KJ The Hague, Netherlands       telephone -- [31] (70) 302 23 23       FAX -- [31] (70) 364 99 28       established -- 26 June 1945       effective -- 24 October 1945       aim -- primary judicial organ of the UN       members -- (15 judges) elected by the UN General Assembly and Security    Council to represent all principal legal systems       International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)       address -- BP 6041, F-69411 Lyon CEDEX 06, France       telephone -- [33] 71 44 70 00       FAX -- [33] 72 44 71 63       established -- 13 June 1956       aim -- to promote international cooperation among police authorities    in fighting crime       members -- (176) Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan,    The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,    Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape    Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo,    Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El    Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,    Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,    Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,    Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,    Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,    Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein,    Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,    Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,    Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco,    Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,    NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua    New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar,    Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint    Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,    Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,    Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland,    Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad    and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,    Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       subbureaus -- (13) American Samoa, Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin    Islands, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Guam, Hong Kong, Macau,    Montserrat, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos    Islands       International Development Association (IDA)       address -- 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 477 12 34       established -- 26 January 1960       effective -- 24 September 1960       aim -- UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate that provides economic    loans for low income countries       members -- (157)       Part I -- (24 more economically advanced countries) Australia,    Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland,    Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway,    Russia, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, UAE, UK, US       Part II -- (133 less developed nations) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,    Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan,    Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,    Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,    Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus,    Czech Republic, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,    Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon,    The Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia,    Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,    Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, The Former    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,    Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,    Mozambique, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,    Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,    Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the    Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra    Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,    Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Energy Agency (IEA)       address -- 2 rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 45 24 82 00       FAX -- [33] (1) 45 24 99 88       established -- 15 November 1974       aim -- to promote cooperation on energy matters, especially emergency    oil sharing and relations between oil consumers and oil producers;    established by the OECD       members -- (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,    France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg,    Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey,    UK, US       International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)       note -- formerly known as League of Red Cross and Red Crescent    Societies (LORCS)       established -- 5 May 1919       aim -- to provide humanitarian aid in peacetime       members -- (151) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,    Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,    Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina,    Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central    African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica,    Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,    Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji,    Finland, France, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,    Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,    Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan,    Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia,    Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,    Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,    Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,    Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,    Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao    Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,    Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,    Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,    UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,    Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       associate members -- (13) Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Comoros,    Cyprus, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Kiribati, Namibia, Saint Kitts and    Nevis, Seychelles, Suriname, Tuvalu, Vanuatu       International Finance Corporation (IFC)       address -- 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 477 1234       FAX -- [1] (202) 477 6391       established -- 25 May 1955       effective -- 20 July 1956       aim -- to support private enterprise in international economic    development; a UN specialized agency and IBRD affiliate       members -- (161) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh,    Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil,    Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,    Central African Republic, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo,    Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,    Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,    Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon,    The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The    Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,    Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,    Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,    Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,    Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia,    Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,    Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,    Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,    Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK,    US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,    Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)       address -- Via del Serafico 107, I-00142 Rome, Italy       telephone -- [39] (6) 54591       FAX -- [39] (6) 5043463       established -- NA November 1974       aim -- to promote agricultural development; a UN specialized agency       members -- (157)       Category I -- (21 industrialized aid contributors) Australia, Austria,    Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland,    Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Spain, Sweden,    Switzerland, UK, US       Category II -- (12 petroleum-exporting aid contributors) Algeria,    Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi    Arabia, UAE, Venezuela       Category III -- (124 aid recipients) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola,    Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh,    Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,    Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape    Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,    Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,    Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,    El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, The Gambia,    Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,    Honduras, India, Israel, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South    Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, The Former    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Pakistan,    Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal,    Romania, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and    the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra    Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,    Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam,    Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Investment Bank (IIB)       established on 7 July 1970; to promote economic development; members    were Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Mongolia,    Poland, Romania, USSR, Vietnam; now it is a Russian bank with a new    charter       International Labor Organization (ILO)       address -- International Labor Office, 4 route des Morillons, CH-1211    Geneva 22, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 799 61 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 798 86 85       established -- 11 April 1919 (affiliated with the UN 14 December 1946)       aim -- UN specialized agency concerned with world labor issues       members -- (171) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,    Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,    Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros,    Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador,    Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia,    Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,    Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,    Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,    Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait,    Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,    Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova,    Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,    Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New    Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,    Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi    Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan,    Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,    Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,    Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia,    Zimbabwe       International Maritime Organization (IMO)       note -- name changed from Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative    Organization (IMCO) on 22 May 1982       address -- 4 Albert Embankment, London SE1 7SR, UK       telephone -- [44] (71) 735 7611       FAX -- [44] (71) 587 3210       established -- 17 March 1958       aim -- to deal with international maritime affairs; a UN specialized    agency       members -- (149) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,    Argentina, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,    Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,    Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape    Verde, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,    Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,    Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,    Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,    Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,    Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,    Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,    Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia,    Libya, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,    Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,    Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,    Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,    Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe,    Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,    Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and    Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,    Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire       associate members -- (2) Hong Kong, Macau       International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT)       address -- 99 City Road, London EC1Y 1AX, UK       telephone -- [44] (71) 728 1000       FAX -- [44] (71) 728 1044       established -- 3 September 1976       effective -- 26 July 1979       aim -- to provide worldwide communications for maritime shipping and    other applications       members -- (75) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, The Bahamas, Bahrain,    Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon,    Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece,    Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, South    Korea, Kuwait, Liberia, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco,    Mozambique, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,    Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi    Arabia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Yugoslavia       International Monetary Fund (IMF)       address -- 700 19th Street NW, Washington, DC 20431, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 623 7000       FAX -- [1] (202) 623 4661, 623 7491, 623 4662       established -- 22 July 1944       effective -- 27 December 1945       aim -- to promote world monetary stability and economic development; a    UN specialized agency       members -- (179) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,    Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African    Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica,    Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,    Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial    Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The    Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The    Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,    Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,    Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda,    Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,    San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,    Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia,    South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,    Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine,    UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western    Samoa, Yemen, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Olympic Committee (IOC)       note -- there are 194 National Olympic Committees of which 185 are    recognized by the International Olympic Committee       address -- Chateau de Vidy, CH-1007 Lausanne, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (21) 621 61 11       FAX -- [41] (21) 621 62 16       established -- 23 June 1894       aim -- to promote the Olympic ideals and administer the Olympic games:    1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States (20 July-4 August);    1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan (date NA); 2000 Summer Olympics    in Sydney, Australia (date NA)       National Olympic Committees -- (193 and the Palestine Liberation    Organization) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra,    Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Aruba, Australia,    Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,    Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and    Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei,    Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde,    Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,    Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,    Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica,    Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea,    Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,    Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana,    Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,    Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazahkstan,    Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,    Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,    Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,    Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,    Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania,    Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and    the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,    Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,    Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,    Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Taiwan, Tajikistan,    Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,    Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,    Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Western Samoa, Yemen,    Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Palestine    Liberation Organization ----- International Organization for Migration    (IOM)       note -- established as Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the    Movement of Migrants from Europe; renamed Intergovernmental Committee    for European Migration (ICEM) on 15 November 1952; renamed    Intergovernmental Committee for Migration (ICM) in November 1980;    current name adopted 14 November 1989       address -- 17 route des Morillons, CP 71, CH-1211 Geneva 19,    Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 717 91 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 798 61 50       established -- 5 December 1951       aim -- to facilitate orderly international emigration and immigration       members -- (52) Albania, Angola, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,    Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa    Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El    Salvador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Honduras,    Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Luxembourg,    Netherlands, Nicaragua, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,    Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland,    Thailand, Uganda, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zambia       observers -- (44) Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria,    Cape Verde, Czech Republic, Federation of Ethnic Communities' Council    of Australia Inc., Georgia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Holy See, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Japan International Friendship and Welfare    Foundation, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco,    Mozambique, Namibia, NZ, Niwano Peace Foundation, Partnership with the    Children of the Third World, Presiding Bishop's Fund for World    Relief/Episcopal Church, Refugee Council of Australia, Romania,    Russia, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, UK, Vietnam,    Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe       International Organization for Standardization (ISO)       address -- CP 56, 1 rue de Varembe, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 749 01 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 733 34 30       established -- NA February 1947       aim -- to promote the development of international standards       members -- (76 national standards organizations) Albania, Algeria,    Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil,    Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,    Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy,    Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Libya, Malaysia,    Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Pakistan,    Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia,    Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden,    Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,    Turkey, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam,    Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe       correspondent members -- (19) Bahrain, Barbados, Brunei, Estonia, Hong    Kong, Jordan, Kuwait, Lithuania, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Nepal,    Oman, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Qatar, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE       subscriber members -- (4) Antigua and Barbuda, Burundi, Grenada, Saint    Lucia       International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)       address -- CICR, 19 Av de la Paix, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 734 60 01       FAX -- [41] (22) 733 20 57       established -- NA 1928       aim -- to promote worldwide humanitarian aid through the International    Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in wartime, and International    Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS; formerly    League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or LORCS) in peacetime       National Societies -- (161 countries) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,    Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin,    Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,    Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic,    Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,    Croatia, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,    Finland, France, Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala,    Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland,    India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,    Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg,    Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,    Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama,    Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,    Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,    Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe,    Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania,    Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda,    Ukraine, UAR, UK, US, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western    Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Telecommunication Union (ITU)       address -- Place des Nations, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 730 51 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 733 72 56       established -- 9 December 1932       effective -- 1 January 1934       affiliated with the UN -- 15 November 1947       aim -- to deal with world telecommunications issues; UN specialized    agency       members -- (184) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola,    Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,    Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,    Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,    Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,    Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,    China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,    Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic,    Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia,    Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,    Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,    Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,    Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,    Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,    Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,    Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New    Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,    Russia, Rwanda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome    and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore,    Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri    Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,    Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,    Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,    Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,    Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT)       address -- INTELSAT, 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC    20008-3098, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 944 6800       FAX -- [1] (202) 944 7860       established -- 20 August 1971       effective -- 12 February 1973       aim -- to develop and operate a global commercial telecommunications    satellite system       members -- (134) Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,    Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,    Barbados, Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Brazil, Brunei, Burkina,    Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,    China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus,    Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El    Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana,    Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary,    Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,    Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait,    Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated    States of Micronesia, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,    Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,    Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,    Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,    Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland,    Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and    Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela,    Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       nonsignatory users -- (50) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Belarus,    Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, Burma, Burundi,    Cambodia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Cuba, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea,    Eritrea, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Kiribati, North Korea, Laos,    Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of    Macedonia, Maldives, Malta, Marshall Islands, Moldova, Mongolia,    Nauru, Niue, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,    Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and    the Grenadines, Suriname, Tajikistan, Tonga, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu,    Ukraine, Vanuatu, Western Samoa       Islamic Development Bank (IDB)       address -- P.O. Box 5925, Jeddah 21432, Saudi Arabia       telephone -- [966] (2) 6361400       FAX -- [966] (2) 6366871       established -- 15 December 1973       aim -- to promote Islamic economic aid and social development       members -- (48 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)    Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin,    Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The    Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,    Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,    Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra    Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey,    Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization       Latin American Economic System (LAES)       note -- also known as Sistema Economico Latinoamericana (SELA)       address -- SELA, Avda Francisco de Miranda, Torre Europa, piso 4,    Chacaito, Apartado de Correos 17035, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela       telephone -- [58] (2) 905 5111       FAX -- [58] (2) 951 6953, 951 7246       established -- 17 October 1975       aim -- to promote economic and social development through regional    cooperation       members -- (27) Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile,    Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador,    Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico,    Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago,    Uruguay, Venezuela       Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)       note -- also known as Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion    (ALADI)       address -- Calle Cebollati 1461, Casilla de Correo 577, 11000    Montevideo, Uruguay       telephone -- [598] (2) 40 11 21, 49 59 15       FAX -- [598] (2) 49 06 49       established -- 12 August 1980       effective -- 18 March 1981       aim -- to promote freer regional trade       members -- (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,    Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela       observers -- (16) Commission of the European Communities, Costa Rica,    Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,    Inter-American Development Bank, Italy, Nicaragua, Organization of    American States, Panama, Portugal, Spain, United Nations Development    Program, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the    Caribbean       League of Arab States (LAS)       see -- Arab League (AL)       League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS)       see -- International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent    Societies (IFRCS)       least developed countries (LLDCs)       that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) initially    identified by the UN General Assembly in 1971 as having no significant    economic growth, per capita GDPs normally less than $1,000, and low    literacy rates; also known as the undeveloped countries. The 42 LLDCs    are: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Botswana, Burkina, Burma,    Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros,    Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, The Gambia, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Malawi, Maldives, Mali,    Mauritania, Mozambique, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe,    Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu,    Western Samoa, Yemen       less developed countries (LDCs)       the bottom group in the hierarchy of developed countries (DCs), former    USSR/Eastern Europe (former USSR/EE), and less developed countries    (LDCs); mainly countries and dependent areas with low levels of    output, living standards, and technology; per capita GDPs are    generally below $5,000 and often less than $1,500; however, the group    also includes a number of countries with high per capita incomes,    areas of advanced technology, and rapid rates of growth; includes the    advanced developing countries, developing countries, Four Dragons    (Four Tigers), least developed countries (LLDCs), low-income    countries, middle-income countries, newly industrializing economies    (NIEs), the South, Third World, underdeveloped countries, undeveloped    countries; the 172 LDCs are: Afghanistan, Algeria, American Samoa,    Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, The Bahamas,    Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia,    Botswana, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina, Burma,    Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central    African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands,    Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,    Cuba, Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt,    El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Falkland Islands,    Fiji, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Gaza Strip,    Ghana, Gibraltar, Greenland, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guam, Guatemala,    Guernsey, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong,    India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jersey, Jordan, Kenya,    Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,    Liberia, Libya, Macau, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,    Isle of Man, Marshall Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mayotte, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Montserrat,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New    Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern    Mariana Islands, Oman, Palau, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,    Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn Islands, Puerto Rico, Qatar,    Reunion, Rwanda, Saint Helena, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,    Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome    and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,    Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,    Swaziland, Syria, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tokelau, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turks and Caicos Islands, Tuvalu, UAE,    Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Virgin Islands, Wallis    and Futuna, West Bank, Western Sahara, Western Samoa, Yemen, Zaire,    Zambia, Zimbabwe       low-income countries       another term for those less developed countries with below-average per    capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)       London Suppliers Group       see -- Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)       Mercado Comun del Cono Sur (MERCOSUR)       see -- Southern Cone Common Market       middle-income countries       another term for those less developed countries with above-average per    capita GDPs; see less developed countries (LDCs)       Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)       established -- April 1987       aim -- to arrest missile proliferation by controlling the export of    key missile technologies and equipment       members -- (25) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada,    Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,    Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain,    Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US       Near Abroad       the 14 non-Russian successor states of the USSR, in which 25 million    ethnic Russians live and in which Moscow has expressed a strong    national security interest       newly industrializing countries (NICs)       former term for the newly industrializing economies; see newly    industrializing economies (NIEs)       newly industrializing economies (NIEs)       that subgroup of the less developed countries (LDCs) that has    experienced particularly rapid industrialization of their economies;    formerly known as the newly industrializing countries (NICs); also    known as advanced developing countries; usually includes the Four    Dragons (Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan), and Brazil       Nonaligned Movement (NAM)       address -- c/o Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Jalan Taman Pejambon 6,    Jakarta PUSAT, Indonesia       established -- 1-6 September 1961       aim -- to establish political and military cooperation apart from the    traditional East or West blocs       members -- (110 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)    Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,    Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brunei, Burkina,    Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African    Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba,    Cyprus, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon,    The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,    Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Jordan, Kenya, North    Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines,    Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,    Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa,    Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand,    Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, UAE, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,    Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe,    Palestine Liberation Organization       observers -- (19) Afro-Asian Solidarity Organization, Antigua and    Barbuda, Arab League, Armenia, Brazil, China, Costa Rica, Croatia,    Dominica, El Salvador, Kanaka Socialist National Liberation Front (New    Caledonia), Mexico, Mongolia, Organization of African Unity,    Organization of the Islamic Conference, Papua New Guinea, Socialist    Party of Puerto Rico, UN, Uruguay       guests -- (21) Australia, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,    Canada, Dominican Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary,    Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino,    Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland       Nordic Council (NC)       address -- Tyrgatan 7, Box 19506, S-104 32 Stockholm, Sweden       telephone -- [46] (8) 453 47 00       FAX -- [46] (8) 411 75 36       established -- 16 March 1952       effective -- 12 February 1953       aim -- to promote regional economic, cultural, and environmental    cooperation       members -- (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland),    Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden       observers -- the Sami (Lapp) local parliaments of Finland, Norway, and    Sweden       Nordic Investment Bank (NIB)       address -- Fabiansgatan 34, PB 249 SF-00171 Helsinki, Finland       telephone -- [358] (0) 18001       FAX -- [358] (0) 1800309       established -- 4 December 1975       effective -- 1 June 1976       aim -- to promote economic cooperation and development       members -- (5) Denmark (including Faroe Islands and Greenland),    Finland (including Aland Islands), Iceland, Norway, Sweden       North       a popular term for the rich industrialized countries generally located    in the northern portion of the Northern Hemisphere; the counterpart of    the South; see developed countries (DCs)       North Atlantic Cooperation Council (NACC)       note -- an extension of NATO       address -- c/o NATO, B-1110 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 728 41 11       FAX -- [32] (2) 728 45 79       established -- 8 November 1991       effective -- 20 December 1991       aim -- to discuss cooperation on mutual political and security issues       members -- (38) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium,    Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Georgia,    Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,    Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,    Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tajikistan, Turkey,    Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan       observer -- (1) Finland       North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)       address -- B-110 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 728 41 11       FAX -- [32] (2) 728 45 79       established -- 17 September 1949       aim -- to promote mutual defense and cooperation       members -- (16) Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece,    Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,    Turkey, UK, US       Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA)       address -- Le Seine St. Germain, 12 bd des Iles, F-92130 Issy-les-    Moulineaux, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 45 24 10 10       FAX -- [33] (1) 45 24 11 10       established -- NA 1958       aim -- to promote the peaceful uses of nuclear energy; associated with    OECD       members -- (23) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,    France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg,    Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK,    US       Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)       note -- also known as the London Suppliers Group       address -- c/o IAEA, Wagramerstrasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna,    Austria       telephone -- [43] (1) 2360 2045       FAX -- [43] (1) 234564       established -- 1974       aim -- to establish guidelines for exports of technical information,    processing equipment for uranium enrichment and nuclear materials to    countries of proliferation concern and regions of conflict and    instability       members -- (28) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,    Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,    Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, US       observers -- (2) Argentina, European Commission       Organismo para la Proscripcion de las Armas Nucleares en la America Latina y    el Caribe (OPANAL)       see -- Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America    and the Caribbean (OPANAL)       Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)       address -- 2 rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris CEDEX 16, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 45 24 82 00       FAX -- [33] (1) 45 24 85 00, 45 24 81 76       established -- 14 December 1960       effective -- 30 September 1961       aim -- to promote economic cooperation and development       members -- (25) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland,    France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg,    Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,    Turkey, UK, US       special member -- (1) EU       Organization of African Unity (OAU)       address -- P. O. Box 3243, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia       telephone -- [251] (1) 517700       FAX -- [251] (1) 512622       established -- 25 May 1963       aim -- to promote unity and cooperation among African states       members -- (53) Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi,    Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo,    Cote d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia,    Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho,    Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sahrawi Arab Democratic    Republic, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,    Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,    Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       Organization of American States (OAS)       address -- corner of 17th Street and Constitution Avenue NW,    Washington, DC 20006, USA       telephone -- [1] (202) 458 3000 FAX [1] (202) 458 3967       established -- 30 April 1948       effective -- 13 December 1951       aim -- to promote regional peace and security as well as economic and    social development       members -- (35) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, The Bahamas, Barbados,    Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba    (excluded from formal participation since 1962), Dominica, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti,    Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint    Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,    Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, US, Uruguay, Venezuela       observers -- (31) Algeria, Angola, Austria, Belgium, Central American    Parliament, Commission of the European Communities, Cyprus, Egypt,    Equatorial Guinea, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Holy See,    Hungary, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Morocco,    Netherlands, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi    Arabia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia       Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)       address -- POB 20501, Safat 13066, Kuwait       telephone -- [965] 5340713       FAX -- [965] 5340694       established -- 9 January 1968       aim -- to promote cooperation in the petroleum industry       members -- (10) Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar,    Saudi Arabia, Syria, UAE       Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)       address -- P.O. Box 179, The Morne, Castries, St. Lucia       telephone -- [1] (809) 452 2537       FAX -- [1] (809) 453 1628       established -- 18 June 1981       effective -- 4 July 1981       aim -- to promote political, economic, and defense cooperation       members -- (7) Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat,    Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines       associate member -- (1) British Virgin Islands       Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)       address -- Obere Donaustrasse 93, A-1020 Vienna, Austria       telephone -- [43] (1) 21 11 20       FAX -- [43] (1) 26 43 20       established -- 14 September 1960       aim -- to coordinate petroleum policies       members -- (12) Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya,    Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Venezuela       Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC)       address -- Kilo 6, Mecca Road, P.O. Box 178, Jeddah 21411, Saudi    Arabia       telephone -- [966] (2) 680-0800       FAX -- [966] (2) 687-3568       established -- 22-25 September 1969       aim -- to promote Islamic solidarity in economic, social, cultural,    and political affairs       members -- (48 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization)    Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin,    Brunei, Burkina, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Gabon, The    Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait,    Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania,    Morocco, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra    Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey,    Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, Yemen, Palestine Liberation Organization       observers -- (3) Kazakhstan, Mozambique, "Turkish Republic of Northern    Cyprus"       Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)       note -- formerly the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe    (CSCE)       address -- Thunovska 12, Mala Strana, 110 00 Prague 1, Czech Republic       telephone -- [422] (2) 24311069       FAX -- [422] (2) 24310629       established -- 1 January 1995       aim -- to discuss issues of mutual concern and to review    implementation of the Helsinki Agreement       members -- (53) Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus,    Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus,    Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany,    Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan,    Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,    Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,    Russia, San Marino, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,    Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, US, Uzbekistan,    Yugoslavia (suspended)       observer -- (1) The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia       Paris Club       see -- Group of 10       Partnership for Peace (PFP)       established -- 10-11 January 1994       aim -- to expand and intensify political and military cooperation    throughout Europe, increase stability, diminish threats to peace, and    build relationships by promoting the spirit of practical cooperation    and commitment to democratic principles that underpin NATO; program    under the auspices of NATO       members -- (24) Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech    Republic, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,    Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Sweden, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)       address -- Peace Palace, Carnegieplein 2, NL-2517 KJ The Hague,    Netherlands       telephone -- [31] (70) 346 96 80       FAX -- [31] (70) 356 13 38       established -- 29 July 1899       aim -- to facilitate the settlement of international disputes       members -- (80) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belarus, Belgium,    Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile,    China, Colombia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, Finland, France, Germany,    Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran,    Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon,    Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua,    Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal,    Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Slovakia, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey,    Uganda, Ukraine, UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela, Zaire, Zimbabwe       Population Commission       address -- c/o ECOSOC, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 754 1234       established -- 3 October 1946       aim -- to deal with population matters of importance to the UN, as    part of Economic and Social Council organization       members -- (27) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Rio Group (RG)       note -- formerly known as Grupo de los Ocho, established in December    1986       established -- NA 1988       aim -- to consult on regional Latin American issues       members -- (11) Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador,    Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela; note - Panama was expelled    in 1988       Second World       another term for the traditionally Marxist-Leninist states of the USSR    and Eastern Europe, with authoritarian governments and command    economies based on the Soviet model; the term is fading from use; see    centrally planned economies       Social Commission       see -- Commission for Social Development       socialist countries       in general, countries in which the government owns and plans the use    of the major factors of production; note - the term is sometimes used    incorrectly as a synonym for Communist countries       South       a popular term for the poorer, less industrialized countries generally    located south of the developed countries; the counterpart of the    North; see less developed countries (LDCs)       South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)       address -- P.O. Box 4222, Kathmandu, Nepal       telephone -- [977] (1) 221785, 221787, 221794       FAX -- [977] (1) 227033       established -- 8 December 1985       aim -- to promote economic, social, and cultural cooperation       members -- (7) Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan,    Sri Lanka       South Pacific Commission (SPC)       address -- Anse Vata, BP D5 Noumea CEDEX, New Caledonia       telephone -- [687] 26 20 00 FAX [687] 26 38 18       established -- 6 February 1947       effective -- 29 July 1948       aim -- to promote regional cooperation in economic and social matters       members -- (27) American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, France,    French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States    of Micronesia, Nauru, New Caledonia, NZ, Niue, Northern Mariana    Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands, Solomon Islands,    Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, UK, US, Vanuatu, Wallis and Futuna, Western    Samoa       South Pacific Forum (SPF)       address -- c/o forum Secretariat, Ratu Sukuna Road GPO Box 856, Suva,    Fiji       telephone -- [679] 312 600, 303 106       FAX -- [679] 302 204       established -- 5 August 1971       aim -- to promote regional cooperation in political matters       members -- (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall    Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New    Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa       observer -- (1) Palau       South Pacific Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA)       address -- (see South Pacific Forum)       established -- NA 1981       aim -- to redress unequal trade relationship of Australia and New    Zealand with small island economies in Pacific region       members -- (15) Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall    Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Nauru, NZ, Niue, Papua New    Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Samoa       Southern African Customs Union (SACU)       address -- Director General, Trade and Industry, Private Bag X84,    Pretoria 0001, South Africa       established -- 11 December 1969       aim -- to promote free trade and cooperation in customs matters       members -- (9) Bophuthatswana, Botswana, Ciskei, Lesotho, Namibia,    South Africa, Swaziland, Transkei, Venda       Southern African Development Community (SADC)       note -- evolved from the Southern African Development Coordination    Conference (SADCC)       address -- Private Bag 008, Gaborone, Botswana       telephone -- [267] (31) 51863, 51864, 51865       FAX -- [267] (31) 372848       established -- 17 August 1992       aim -- to promote regional economic development and integration       members -- (11) Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique,    Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe       Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)       address -- c/o Cancilleria de la Republica de Argentina, Buenos Aires,    Argentina       established -- 26 March 1991       aim -- to increase regional economic cooperation       members -- (4) Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay       Statistical Commission       address -- c/o ECOSOC, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718       established -- 21 June 1946       aim -- to deal with development and standardization of national    statistics of interest to the UN, as part of the Economic and Social    Council organization       members -- (24) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       Third World       another term for the less developed countries; the term is fading from    use;       see -- less developed countries (LDCs)       underdeveloped countries       refers to those less developed countries with the potential for above-    average economic growth; see less developed countries (LDCs)       undeveloped countries       refers to those extremely poor less developed countries (LDCs) with    little prospect for economic growth; see least developed countries    (LLDCs)       Union Douaniere et Economique de l       'Afrique Centrale (UDEAC)       see -- Central African Customs and Economic Union (UDEAC)       United Nations (UN)       address -- United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718       established -- 26 June 1945       effective -- 24 October 1945       aim -- to maintain international peace and security and to promote    cooperation involving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian    problems       members -- (184 excluding Yugoslavia) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria,    Andorra, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,    Austria, Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados,    Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and    Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma,    Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African    Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica,    Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,    Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,    Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France,    Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada,    Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary,    Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy,    Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,    Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,    Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of    Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta,    Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of    Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,    Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman,    Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,    Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint    Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San    Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,    Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia,    South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,    Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,    Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,    Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen,    Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - all UN members    are represented in the General Assembly       observers -- (2 plus the Palestine Liberation Organization) Holy See,    Switzerland, Palestine Liberation Organization       United Nations Angola Verification Mission (UNAVEM II)       note -- successor to original UNAVEM       address -- c/o United Nations, UNAVEM II, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718       established -- 20 December 1988       aim -- to verify the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola;    established by the UN Security Council       members -- (16) Argentina, Brazil, Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Hungary,    India, Jordan, Malaysia, Morocco, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway,    Slovakia, Sweden, Zimbabwe       United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR)       established -- 5 October 1993       aim -- to monitor ceasefire agreement, to support and provide safe    conditions for displaced persons; established by the UN Security    Council       members -- (17) Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, Congo, Egypt, Fiji,    Ghana, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Togo, Tunisia,    Uruguay, Zimbabwe       United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)       note -- acronym retained from the predecessor organization UN    International Children's Emergency Fund       address -- UNICEF House, Three United Nations Plaza, New York, NY    10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 326 7000       established -- 11 December 1946       aim -- to help establish child health and welfare services       members -- (41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)       address -- Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 917 12 34, 907 12 34       FAX -- [41] (22) 907 00 57       established -- 30 December 1964       aim -- to promote international trade       members -- (187) all UN members plus Holy See, Switzerland, Tonga       United Nations Development Program (UNDP)       address -- One United National Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 906 5788, 906 500 FAX [1] (212) 906 5365       established -- 22 November 1965       aim -- to provide technical assistance to stimulate economic and    social development       members -- (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF)       address -- c/o UNDOF, P.O. Box 5368, Damascus, Syrian AR       established -- 31 May 1974       aim -- to observe the 1973 Arab-Israeli ceasefire; established by the    UN Security Council       members -- (4) Austria, Canada, Finland, Poland       United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)       address -- 7 place de Fontenoy, F-75700 Paris, France       telephone -- [33] (1) 45 68 10 00       FAX -- [33] (1) 45 67 16 90       established -- 16 November 1945       effective -- 4 November 1946       aim -- to promote cooperation in education, science, and culture       members -- (182) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola,    Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,    Azerbaijan, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,    Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,    Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,    Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,    China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote    d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti,    Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial    Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The    Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,    Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania,    Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,    Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman,    Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,    Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and    Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao    Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone,    Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,    Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,    Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,    Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,    Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia    (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       associate members -- (3) Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Netherlands    Antilles       United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)       address -- One United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 906 5000       FAX -- [1] (212) 826 2057       established -- 15 December 1972       aim -- to promote international cooperation on all environmental    matters       members -- (58) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 4 March 1964       aim -- to serve as a peacekeeping force between Greek Cypriots and    Turkish Cypriots in Cyprus; established by the UN Security Council       members -- (8) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark,    Finland, Ireland, UK       United Nations General Assembly       address -- see United Nations       established -- 26 June 1945       effective -- 24 October 1945       aim -- to function as the primary deliberative organ of the UN       members -- (185) all UN members are represented in the General    Assembly       United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)       address -- Vienna International Center, P.O. Box 300, A-1400 Vienna,    Austria       telephone -- [43] (1) 211 310       FAX -- [43] (1) 23 21 56       established -- 17 November 1966       effective -- 1 January 1967       aim -- UN specialized agency that promotes industrial development    especially among the members       members -- (166) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,    Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,    Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and    Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi,    Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,    China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,    Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia,    Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,    Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti,    Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel,    Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea,    Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya,    Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal,    Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan,    Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,    Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint    Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi    Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Slovenia,    Somalia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,    Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,    Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia    (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)       established -- 11 December 1963       aim -- to help the UN become more effective through training and    research members (Board of Trustees) - (24) Argentina, Belgium,    Canada, China, Cote d'Ivoire, France, Germany, India, Italy, Jamaica,    Japan, Libya, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Pakistan, Russia, Sweden,    Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, UK, US, Yugoslavia       United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 19 March 1978       aim -- to confirm the withdrawal of Israeli forces, restore peace, and    reestablish Lebanese authority in southern Lebanon; established by the    UN Security Council       members -- (9) Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Ireland, Italy, Nepal,    Norway, Poland       United Nations Iraq-Kuwait Observation Mission (UNIKOM)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Mission, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA telephone [1] (212)    963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 9 April 1991       aim -- to observe and monitor the demilitarized zone established    between Iraq and Kuwait; established by the UN Security Council       members -- (33) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Canada, China,    Denmark, Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India,    Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan,    Poland, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey,    UK, US, Uruguay, Venezuela       United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP)       address -- c/o OUSGSPA, Room 3853, United Nations, New York, NY 10017,    USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 4457       FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718       established -- 13 August 1948       aim -- to observe the 1949 India-Pakistan ceasefire; established by    the UN Security Council       members -- (8) Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, Italy, Norway,    Sweden, Uruguay       United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH)       established -- 23 September 1993       aim -- to assist in implementing the agreement to transfer power back    into the civilian government; established by the UN Security Council       members -- (14) Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Canada, France,    Indonesia, Madagascar, Russia, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia,    US, Venezuela       United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL)       established -- 22 September 1993       aim -- to assist in the implementation of the peace agreement;    established by the UN Security Council       members -- (13) Austria, Bangladesh, China, Czech Republic, Egypt,    Guinea- Bissau, India, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Slovakia,    Uruguay       United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 29 April 1991       aim -- to supervise the referendum in Western Sahara; established by    the UN Security Council       members -- (27) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium,    Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guinea,    Honduras, Ireland, Italy, Kenya, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Poland,    Russia, Switzerland, Togo, Tunisia, US, Venezuela       United Nations Observer Mission in El Salvador (ONUSAL)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 20 May 1991       aim -- to verify ceasefire arrangements and to monitor the maintenance    of public order pending the organization of a new National Civil    Police; established by the UN Security Council       members -- (14) Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia,    France, Guyana, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, Spain, Sweden, Venezuela       United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 1993 for a period of six months       aim -- to verify compliance with the cease-fire agreement reached 27    July 1993 and investigate reports of violations of that agreement;    established by the UN Security Council       members -- (7) Bangladesh, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Sweden,    Switzerland       United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 1993 for six months       aim -- to monitor the Uganda/Rwanda border to verify that no military    assistance reaches Rwanda across the border; established by the UN    Security Council       members -- (8) Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil, Hungary, Netherlands,    Senegal, Slovakia, Zimbabwe       United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)       address -- Case postale 2500, Depot, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 739 81 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 731 95 46       established -- 3 December 1949       effective -- 1 January 1951       aim -- to ensure the humanitarian treatment of refugees and find    permanent solutions to refugee problems       members -- (47) Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,    Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France,    Germany, Greece, Holy See, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan,    Lebanon, Lesotho, Madagascar, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands,    Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, Spain,    Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey,    Uganda, UK, US, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, Zaire       United Nations Operation in Mozambique (UNOMOZ)       note -- supposed to shut down 31 January 1995       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 16 December 1992       aim -- to supervise the ceasefire; established by the UN Security    Council       members -- (27) Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Botswana, Brazil,    Canada, Cape Verde, China, Czech Republic, Egypt, Guinea-Bissau,    Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Netherlands,    Norway, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, US, Uruguay, Zambia       United Nations Operation in Somalia (UNOSOM II)       note -- UN peacekeepers left Somalia on 1 March 1995; some UN    personnel remain in Somalia engaged in humanitarian work       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Missions, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 24 April 1992       aim -- to facilitate an immediate cessation of hostilities, to    maintain a ceasefire in order to promote a political settlement, and    to provide urgent humanitarian assistance; established by the UN    Security Council       members -- (14) Australia, Bangladesh, Botswana, Canada, Egypt, India,    Ireland, Malaysia, Nepal, NZ, Nigeria, Pakistan, Romania, Zimbabwe       United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)       note -- acronym retained from predecessor organization UN Fund for    Population Activities       address -- 220 E. 42nd Street, 19th Floor, Room DN-1901, New York, NY    10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 297 5000       FAX -- [1] (212) 557 6416       established -- NA July 1967       aim -- to assist both developed and developing countries to deal with    their population problems       members -- (52) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)       address -- c/o UN Peace Keeping Mission, Office for Special Political    Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 963 4879       established -- 28 February 1992       aim -- to create conditions for peace and security required for the    negotiation of an overall settlement of the "Yugoslav" crisis;    established by the UN Security Council       members -- (35) Argentina, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,    Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France, Ghana,    Indonesia, Ireland, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ,    Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Spain,    Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, UK, US, Venezuela       United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near       East (UNRWA)       address -- Vienna International Center, P. O. Box 700, A-1400 Vienna,    Austria       telephone -- [43] (1) 211 31, ext. 4530       FAX -- [43] (1) 230 7487       established -- 8 December 1949       aim -- to provide assistance to Palestinian refugees       members -- (10) Belgium, Egypt, France, Japan, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria,    Turkey, UK, US       United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD)       established -- 1 July 1964       aim -- to conduct research into the problems of economic development    during different phases of economic growth       members -- no country members, but a Board of Directors consisting of    a chairman appointed by the UN secretary general and 10 individual    members       United Nations Secretariat       address -- see United Nations       established -- 26 June 1945       effective -- 24 October 1945       aim -- to serve as the primary administrative organ of the UN; a    Secretary General is appointed for a five-year term by the General    Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council       members -- the UN secretary general and staff       United Nations Security Council       address -- c/o United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA       telephone -- [1] (212) 963 1234       FAX -- [1] (212) 758 2718       established -- 26 June 1945       effective -- 24 October 1945       aim -- to maintain international peace and security       permanent members -- (5) China, France, Russia, UK, US       nonpermanent members -- (10) elected for two-year terms by the UN    General Assembly; Argentina (1994-95), Brazil (1993-94), Czech    Republic (1994-95), Djibouti (1993-94), NZ (1993-94), Nigeria    (1994-95), Oman (1994-95), Pakistan (1993-94), Rwanda (1994-95), Spain    (1993-94)       United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)       established by the UN Security Council on 28 February 1992 to    contribute to the restoration and maintenance of peace and to the    holding of free elections; disbanded sometime after the UN-supervised    election in May 1993; members were Algeria, Argentina, Australia,    Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada,    Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Fiji, France, Germany, Ghana, Hungary,    India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia,    Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan,    Philippines, Poland, Russia, Senegal, Singapore, Sweden, Thailand,    Tunisia, UK, US, Uruguay       United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO)       address -- Government House, P.O. Box 490, Jerusalem, Israel       telephone -- [972] (2) 734 223       established -- NA May 1948       aim -- to supervise the 1948 Arab-Israeli ceasefire and subsequently    extended to work in the Sinai, Lebanon, Jordan, Afghanistan, and    Pakistan; initially established by the UN Security Council       members -- (19) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile,    China, Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, NZ,    Norway, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, US       United Nations Trusteeship Council       established on 26 June 1945, effective on 24 October 1945, to    supervise the administration of the 11 UN trust territories; members    were China, France, Russia, UK, US; its mandate ended on 1 October    1994 when the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Palau) became    the Republic of Palau, a self-governing territory in free association    with the US       United Nations University (UNU)       established -- 6 December 1973       aim -- to conduct research in development, welfare, and human survival    and to train scholars       members (associated institutes) -- (32) Argentina, Australia,    Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica,    Ethiopia, France, Ghana, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Japan,    Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Philippines, Spain,    Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, UK, US,    Venezuela       Universal Postal Union (UPU)       address -- Bureau International de lUPU, Weltpoststrasse 4, CH-3000    Berne 15, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (31) 350 31 11       FAX -- [41] (31) 350 31 10       established -- 9 October 1874, affiliated with the UN 15 November 1947       effective -- 1 July 1948       aim -- to promote international postal cooperation; a UN specialized    agency       members -- (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,    Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,    Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,    Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,    Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,    Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia,    Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,    Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,    Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,    Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,    Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania,    Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar,    Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,    Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Overseas Territories of the UK, Pakistan,    Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,    Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint    Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and    Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore,    Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri    Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,    Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago,    Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US,    Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,    Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe ------ Warsaw    Pact (WP) established 14 May 1955 to promote mutual defense; members    met 1 July 1991 to dissolve the alliance; member states at the time of    dissolution were Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania,    and the USSR; earlier members included East Germany and Albania       West African Development Bank (WADB)       note -- also known as Banque Ouest-Africaine de Developpement (BOAD)       address -- BOAD, BP 1172, 68 av de la liberation, Lome, Togo       telephone -- [228] 21 59 06, 21 42 44, 21 01 13       FAX -- [228] 21 52 67, 21 72 69       established -- 14 November 1973       aim -- to promote regional economic development and integration       members -- (7) Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal,    Togo       West African Economic Community (CEAO)       note -- acronym from Communaute Economique de lAfrique de lOuest    established on 3 June 1972 to promote regional economic development;    its members were Benin, Burkina, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, Mauritania,    Niger, Senegal; it was disbanded in 1994       Western European Union (WEU)       address -- Rue de la Regence 4, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 500 44 11       FAX -- [32] (2) 511 35 19       established -- 23 October 1954       effective -- 6 May 1955       aim -- to provide mutual defense and to move toward political    unification       members -- (10) Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg,    Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, UK       associate members -- (3) Iceland, Norway, Turkey       associate partners -- (9) Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,    Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia       observers -- (2) Denmark, Ireland       World Bank       see -- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)       World Bank Group       includes International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD),    International Development Association (IDA), and International Finance    Corporation (IFC)       World Confederation of Labor (WCL)       address -- Rue de Treves 33, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium       telephone -- [32] (2) 230 62 95       FAX -- [32] (2) 230 87 22       established -- 19 June 1920 as the International Federation of    Christian Trade Unions (IFCTU), renamed 4 October 1968       aim -- to promote the trade union movement       members -- (99 national organizations) Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bolivia, Bonaire Island, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Cameroon,    Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Colombia,    Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Curacao, Cyprus, Dominica, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, France, French Guiana, Gabon, The    Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Haiti,    Honduras, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho,    Liberia, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mali, Malta,    Martinique, Mauritius, Mexico, Montserrat, Namibia, Netherlands,    Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru,    Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Rwanda, Saint    Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Martin, Saint Vincent and the    Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Spain, Sri Lanka,    Suriname, Switzerland, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, UK, US,    Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       World Court       see -- International Court of Justice (ICJ)       World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)       address -- Branicka 112, Branik, CS-14700 Prague 4, Czech Republic       telephone -- [42] (2) 46 21 40       FAX -- [42] (2) 46 13 78       established -- 3 October 1945       aim -- to promote the trade union movement       members -- (116) Afghanistan, Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda,    Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia,    Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,    Chile, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El    Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, French Guiana, The    Gambia, Ghana, Greece, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,    Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,    Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, North Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho,    Liberia, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Mali, Martinique,    Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Nepal, New Caledonia, NZ,    Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,    Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Reunion, Romania,    Saint Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the    Grenadines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands,    Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Syria,    Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey,    Uganda, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zaire, Zimbabwe       World Food Council (WFC)       address -- c/o FAO, Via Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy       telephone -- [39] (6) 522821       FAX -- [39] (6) 574 5091       established -- 17 December 1974       aim -- to study world food problems and to recommend solutions; ECOSOC    organization       members -- (36) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       World Food Program (WFP)       address -- Via Cristoforo Colombo 426, I-00145 Rome, Italy       telephone -- [39] (6) 522821       FAX -- [39] (6) 5123700, 5133537, 52282840       established -- 24 November 1961       aim -- to provide food aid in support of economic development or    disaster relief; an ECOSOC organization       members -- (41) selected on a rotating basis from all regions       World Health Organization (WHO)       address -- CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 791 21 11, 791 32 23       FAX -- [41] (22) 791 07 46       established -- 22 July 1946       effective -- 7 April 1948       aim -- UN specialized agency concerned with health matters       members -- (189) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,    Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,    Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,    Comoros, Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia,    Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican    Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia,    Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany,    Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,    Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq,    Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,    Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia,    Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius,    Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niue,    Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea,    Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia,    Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the    Grenadines, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal,    Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon    Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname,    Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand,    Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,    Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,    Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended),    Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       associate members -- (2) Puerto Rico, Tokelau       World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)       address -- 34 chemin des Colombettes, Case Postale 18, CH-1211 Geneva    20, Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 730 9111       FAX -- [41] (22) 733 5428       established -- 14 July 1967       effective -- 26 April 1970       aim -- to furnish protection for literary, artistic, and scientific    works; a UN specialized agency       members -- (147) Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Armenia,    Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,    Belgium, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil,    Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African    Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote    d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador,    Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia,    Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau,    Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iraq,    Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya,    North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho,    Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former    Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco,    Mongolia, Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, NZ, Nicaragua, Niger, Norway,    Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal,    Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia,    Senegal, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Somalia, South    Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden,    Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and    Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay,    Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire,    Zambia, Zimbabwe       World Meteorological Organization (WMO)       address -- Case Postale 2300, 41 Av Giuseppe-Motta, CH-1211 Geneva 2,    Switzerland       telephone -- [41] (22) 730 81 11       FAX -- [41] (22) 734 23 26       established -- 11 October 1947       effective -- 4 April 1951       aim -- to sponsor meteorological cooperation; a specialized UN agency       members -- (175) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and    Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, The    Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize,    Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, British Caribbean Territories,    Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada,    Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,    Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,    Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic,    Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji,    Finland, France, French Polynesia, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia,    Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana,    Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran,    Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,    Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon,    Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Former Yugoslav    Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,    Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique,    Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, NZ,    Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New    Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,    Russia, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia,    Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,    Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,    Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania,    Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan,    Uganda, Ukraine, UAE, UK, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela,    Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       World Tourism Organization (WTO or WToO)       address -- Calle Capitan Haya 41, 28020 Madrid, Spain       telephone -- [34] (1) 571 06 28       FAX -- [34] (1) 571 37 33       established -- 2 January 1975       aim -- to promote tourism as a means of contributing to economic    development, international understanding, and peace       members -- (121) Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Argentina,    Austria, Bangladesh, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina,    Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chad,    Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus,    Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,    Ethiopia, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana,    Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hungary,    India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,    Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali,    Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco,    Nepal, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Panama,    Paraguay, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino,    Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo,    Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, UAE, US, Uruguay, Uzbekistan,    Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Yugoslavia (suspended), Zaire, Zambia,    Zimbabwe       associate members -- (4) Aruba, Macau, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto    Rico       observer -- (1) Holy See       World Trade Organization (WTrO)       will be added in The World Factbook 1996       Zangger Committee (ZC)       established -- early 1970s       aim -- to establish guidelines for the export control provisions of    the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty       members -- (29) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland,    Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,    Romania, Russia, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,    UK, US
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix D       Abbreviations for Selected International Environmental Agreements       A             Air Pollution -- Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air          Pollution             Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention          on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control          of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary Fluxes             Air Pollution-Sulphur 85 -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on          Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur          Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30%             Air Pollution-Sulphur 94 -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on          Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of          Sulphur Emissions             Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds -- Protocol to the 1979          Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning          the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their          Transboundary Fluxes             Antarctic-Environmental Protocol -- Protocol on Environmental          Protection to the Antarctic Treaty       B             Biodiversity -- Convention on Biological Diversity       C             Climate Change -- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate          Change       D             Desertification -- United Nations Convention to Combat          Desertification in those Countries Experiencing Serious Drought          and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa       E             Endangered Species -- Convention on the International Trade in          Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)             Environmental Modification -- Convention on the Prohibition of          Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification          Techniques       H             Hazardous Wastes -- Basel Convention on the Control of          Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal       L             Law of the Sea -- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea          (LOS)       M             Marine Dumping -- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution          by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter; note - also known as the          London Convention             Marine Life Conservation -- Convention on Fishing and Conservation          of Living Resources of the High Seas       N             Nuclear Test Ban -- Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the          Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and Under Water       O             Ozone Layer Protection -- Montreal Protocol on Substances That          Deplete the Ozone Layer       S             Ship Pollution -- Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International          Convention for the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973          (MARPOL)       T             Tropical Timber 83 -- International Tropical Timber Agreement,          1983             Tropical Timber 94 -- International Tropical Timber Agreement,          1994       W             Wetlands -- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance          Especially As Waterfowl Habitat; note - also known as Ramsar             Whaling -- International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling       Note: Not all of the selected international environmental agreements    have abbreviations.
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix E       Selected International Environmental Agreements       Air Pollution       see -- Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution       Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides       see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air    Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or    Their Transboundary Fluxes       Air Pollution-Sulphur 85       see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air    Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary    Fluxes by at least 30%       Air Pollution-Sulphur 94       see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air    Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions       Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds       see -- Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air    Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic    Compounds or Their Transboundary Fluxes       Antarctic-Environmental Protocol       see -- Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty       Antarctic Treaty       opened for signature -- 1 December 1959       entered into force -- 23 June 1961       objective -- to ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes,    such as, for international cooperation in scientific research, and    that it does not become the scene or object of international discord       parties -- (42) Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil,    Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala,    Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Netherlands,    New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Romania, Russia,    Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United    Kingdom, United States, Uruguay       Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous    Wastes and Their Disposal       note -- abbreviated as Hazardous Wastes       opened for signature -- 22 March 1989       entered into force -- 5 May 1992       objective -- to reduce transboundary movements of wastes subject to    the Convention to a minimum consistent with the environmentally sound    and efficient management of such wastes; to minimize the amount and    toxicity of wastes generated and ensure their environmentally sound    management as closely as possible to the source of generation; and to    assist LDCs in environmentally sound management of the hazardous and    other wastes they generate       parties -- (81) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria,    The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile,    China, Comoros, Cote dIvoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, European Union,    Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland,    Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, South Korea, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon,    Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius,    Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan,    Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint    Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles,    Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden,    Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, United Arab    Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Zaire, Zambia       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (9) Afghanistan,    Bolivia, Colombia, Germany, Guatemala, Haiti, Thailand, United States,    Venezuela       Biodiversity       see -- Convention on Biological Diversity       Convention on Biological Diversity       note -- abbreviated as Biodiversity       opened for signature -- 5 June 1992       entered into force -- 29 December 1993       objective -- to develop national strategies for the conservation and    sustainable use of biological diversity       parties -- (111) Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia,    Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus,    Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada,    Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote    dIvoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Ecuador,    Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Estonia, Ethiopia, European    Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece,    Grenada, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Italy,    Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea,    South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,    Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia,    Monaco, Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria,    Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru,    Philippines, Portugal, Romania, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia,    San Marino, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Spain, Sri    Lanka, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Uganda, United    Kingdom, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, Zaire,    Zambia, Zimbabwe       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (64) Afghanistan,    Algeria, Angola, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belgium, Bhutan, Botswana,    Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Congo,    Croatia, Cyprus, Dominican Republic, Gabon, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau,    Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Kuwait, Latvia, Liberia,    Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Madagascar, Mali, Malta, Mauritania,    Moldova, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Poland,    Qatar, Russia, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Slovenia,    Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tanzania,    Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United    Arab Emirates, United States, Yemen, former Yugoslavia       Climate Change       see -- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change       Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of the High Seas       note -- abbreviated as Marine Life Conservation       opened for signature -- 29 April 1958       entered into force -- 20 March 1966       objective -- to solve through international cooperation the problems    involved in the conservation of living resources of the high seas,    considering that because of the development of modern technology some    of these resources are in danger of being overexploited       parties -- (37) Australia, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina,    Cambodia, Colombia, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Fiji, Finland,    France, Haiti, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Mauritius, Mexico, Netherlands, Nigeria, Portugal, Senegal, Sierra    Leone, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Thailand,    Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States,    Venezuela, former Yugoslavia       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (21) Afghanistan,    Argentina, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ghana, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran,    Ireland, Israel, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan,    Panama, Sri Lanka, Taiwan (Canada signed on behalf of Taiwan),    Tunisia, Uruguay       Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution       note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution       opened for signature -- 13 November 1979       entered into force -- 16 March 1983       objective -- to protect the human environment against air pollution    and to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including    long-range transboundary air pollution       parties -- (39) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina,    Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, European    Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,    Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands,    Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,    Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States,    former Yugoslavia       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (2) Holy See, San    Marino       Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and    Fauna (CITES)       note -- abbreviated as Endangered Species       opened for signature -- 3 March 1973       entered into force -- 1 July 1975       objective -- to protect certain endangered species from    overexploitation by means of a system of import/export permits       parties -- (130) Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria,    The Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia,    Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon,    Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia,    Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dIvoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El    Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Finland,    France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea,    Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran,    Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, South Korea,    Liechtenstein, Liberia, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia,    Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,    Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines,    Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis,    Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles,    Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri    Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates,    United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam,    Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (5) Cambodia,    Ireland, Kuwait, Lesotho, Vietnam       Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other    Matter (London Convention)       note -- abbreviated as Marine Dumping       opened for signature -- 29 December 1972       entered into force -- 30 August 1975       objective -- to control pollution of the sea by dumping and to    encourage regional agreements supplementary to the Convention       parties -- (76) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,    Australia, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina,    Brazil, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, China, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire,    Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Egypt, European    Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti,    Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kenya, Kiribati, Libya, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Morocco,    Nauru, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Panama, Papua    New Guinea, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Saint Lucia,    Seychelles, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Suriname,    Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates,    United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, former Yugoslavia, Zaire       Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of    Environmental Modification Techniques       note -- abbreviated as Environmental Modification       opened for signature -- 10 December 1976       entered into force -- 5 October 1978       objective -- to prohibit the military or other hostile use of    environmental modification techniques in order to further world peace    and trust among nations       parties -- (63) Afghanistan, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,    Australia, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Brazil,    Bulgaria, Canada, Cape Verde, Chile, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala,    Hungary, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan, North Korea, South Korea,    Kuwait, Laos, Malawi, Mauritius, Mongolia, Netherlands, New Zealand,    Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia,    Saint Lucia, Sao Tome and Principe, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain,    Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Ukraine, United Kingdom,    United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vietnam, Yemen       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (17) Bolivia,    Ethiopia, Holy See, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg,    Morocco, Nicaragua, Portugal, Sierra Leone, Syria, Turkey, Uganda,    Zaire       Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially As Waterfowl    Habitat (Ramsar)       note -- abbreviated as Wetlands       opened for signature -- 2 February 1971       entered into force -- 21 December 1975       objective -- to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of    wetlands now and in the future, recognizing the fundamental ecological    functions of wetlands and their economic, cultural, scientific, and    recreational value       parties -- (83) Algeria, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria,    Bangladesh, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina, Canada, Chad,    Chile, China, Costa Rica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador,    Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece,    Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lesotho,    Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco,    Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New    Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal,    Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Suriname, Sweden,    Switzerland, Trinadad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United    Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Vietnam, former    Yugoslavia, Zambia       Desertification       see -- United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those    Countries Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification,    Particularly in Africa       Endangered Species       see -- Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of    Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES)       Environmental Modification       see -- Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile    Use of Environmental Modification Techniques       Hazardous Wastes       see -- Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of    Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal       International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling       note -- abbreviated as Whaling       opened for signature -- 2 December 1946       entered into force -- 10 November 1948       objective -- to protect all species of whales from overfishing; to    establish a system of international regulation for the whale fisheries    to ensure proper conservation and development of whale stocks; and to    safeguard for future generations the great natural resources    represented by whale stocks       parties -- (39) Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Brazil,    Chile, China, Costa Rica, Denmark, Dominica, Finland, France, Germany,    Grenada, India, Ireland, Japan, Kenya, South Korea, Mexico, Monaco,    Netherlands (Netherlands also extended the convention to Netherlands    Antilles), New Zealand, Norway, Oman, Peru, Russia, Saint Kitts and    Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Senegal,    Seychelles (withdrawing effective 30 June 1995), Solomon Islands,    South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United    States, Venezuela       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (1) Austria       former parties -- (10) Belize, Canada, Ecuador, Egypt, Iceland,    Jamaica, Mauritius, Panama, Philippines, Uruguay       International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983       note -- abbreviated as Tropical Timber 83       opened for signature -- 18 November 1983       entered into force -- 1 April 1985; this agreement will expire when    the International Tropical Timber Ageement, 1994 goes into force       objective -- to provide an effective framework for cooperation between    tropical timber producers and consumers and to encourage the    development of national policies aimed at sustainable utilization and    conservation of tropical forests and their genetic resources       parties -- (52) Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma,    Cameroon, Canada, China, Colombia, Congo, Cote dIvoire, Denmark,    Ecuador, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany,    Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy,    Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands,    New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines,    Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad    and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Zaire       International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994       note -- abbreviated as Tropical Timber 94       opened for signature -- 26 January 1994, but not yet in force       objective -- to ensure that by the year 2000 exports of tropical    timber originate from sustainably managed sources; to establish a fund    to assist tropical timber producers in obtaining the resources    necessary to reach this objective       parties -- (3) Fiji, Japan, Liberia       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (11) Cameroon,    Congo, Ecuador, Egypt, Gabon, Indonesia, Norway, Panama, Peru, Togo,    United States       Law of the Sea       see -- United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)       Marine Dumping       see -- Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping    Wastes and Other Matter (London Convention)       Marine Life Conservation       see -- Convention on Fishing and Conservation of Living Resources of    the High Seas       Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer       note -- abbreviated as Ozone Layer Protection       opened for signature -- 16 September 1987       entered into force -- 1 January 1989       objective -- to protect the ozone layer by controling emissions of    substances that deplete it       parties -- (148) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,    Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium,    Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei,    Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic,    Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote    d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica,    Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, European    Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,    Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Hungary,    Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica,    Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait,    Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The    Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives,    Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco,    Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua,    Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay,    Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal (Portugal has also extended the    protocol to Macau), Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint    Lucia, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia,    Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan,    Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo,    Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda,    Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay,    Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa, former    Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (1) Morocco       Nuclear Test Ban       see -- Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapons Tests in the Atmosphere, in    Outer Space, and Under Water       Ozone Layer Protection       see -- Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer       Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for the Prevention    of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)       note -- abbreviated as Ship Pollution       opened for signature -- 17 February 1978       entered into force -- 2 October 1983       objective -- to preserve the marine environment through the complete    elimination of pollution by oil and other harmful substances and the    minimization of accidental discharge of such substances       parties -- (91) Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia,    Austria, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria,    Burma, Cambodia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cote d'Ivoire,    Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador,    Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany,    Ghana, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy,    Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia,    Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Marshall Islands,    Mexico, Monaco, Morocco, Netherlands, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama,    Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint    Vincent and the Grenadines, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia,    South Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Togo,    Tunisia, Turkey, Tuvalu, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States,    Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, former Yugoslavia       Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty       note -- abbreviated as Antarctic-Environmental Protocol       opened for signature -- 4 October 1991, but not yet in force       objective -- to enhance the protection of the Antarctic environment    and dependent and associated ecosystems       parties -- (14) Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, Ecuador, France,    Germany, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Spain, Sweden,    Uruguay       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (27) Austria,    Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Czech Republic,    Denmark, Finland, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan,    North Korea, South Korea, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Romania, Russia,    Slovakia, South Africa, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States       Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution    concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or Their Transboundary    Fluxes       note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides       opened for signature -- 31 October 1988       entered into force -- 14 February 1991       objective -- to provide for the control or reduction of nitrogen    oxides and their transboundary fluxes       parties -- (25) Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic,    Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland,    Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia,    Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United    States       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (3) Belgium,    Greece, Poland       Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution    concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds or Their    Transboundary Fluxes       note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds       opened for signature -- 18 November 1991, but not yet in force       objective -- to provide for the control and reduction of emissions of    volatile organic compounds in order to reduce their transboundary    fluxes so as to protect human health and the environment from adverse    effects       parties -- (11) Austria, Finland, Germany, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg,    Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (12) Belgium,    Bulgaria, Canada, Denmark, European Union, France, Greece, Hungary,    Italy, Portugal, Ukraine, United States       Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on    Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions       note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 94       opened for signature -- 14 June 1994, but not yet in force       objective -- to provide for a further reduction in sulfur emissions or    transboundary fluxes       parties -- (0)       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (28) Austria,    Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, European    Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,    Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia,    Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United    Kingdom       Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on    the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least    30%       note -- abbreviated as Air Pollution-Sulphur 85       opened for signature -- 8 July 1985       entered into force -- 2 September 1987       objective -- to provide for a 30% reduction in sulfur emissions or    transboundary fluxes by 1993       parties -- (21) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy,    Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia,    Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine       Ship Pollution       see -- Protocol of 1978 Relating to the International Convention for    the Prevention of Pollution From Ships, 1973 (MARPOL)       Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space, and    Under Water       note -- abbreviated as Nuclear Test Ban       opened for signature -- 5 August 1963       entered into force -- 10 October 1963       objective -- to obtain an agreement on general and complete    disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the    objectives of the United Nations; to put an end to the armaments race    and eliminate incentives for the production and testing of all kinds    of weapons, including nuclear weapons       parties -- (125) Afghanistan, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia,    Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin,    Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria,    Burma, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,    China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech    Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador,    Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Finland, Gabon, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,    Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kenya, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg,    Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico,    Mongolia, Morocco, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger,    Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru,    Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, San Marino, Senegal,    Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa,    Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland,    Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia,    Turkey, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Ukraine, Uruguay,    Venezuela, Western Samoa, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (11) Algeria,    Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Haiti, Mali, Paraguay, Portugal,    Somalia, Vietnam       Tropical Timber 83       see -- International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1983       Tropical Timber 94       see -- International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994       United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS)       note -- abbreviated as Law of the Sea       opened for signature -- 10 December 1982       entered into force -- 16 November 1994       objective -- to set up a comprehensive new legal regime for the sea    and oceans; to include rules concerning environmental standards as    well as enforcement provisions dealing with pollution of the marine    environment       parties -- (72) Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, The Bahamas,    Bahrain, Barbados, Belize, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil,    Cameroon, Cape Verde, Comoros, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba,    Cyprus, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Fiji, The Gambia, Germany, Ghana,    Grenada, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, Indonesia,    Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, The Former Yugoslav    Republic of Macedonia, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritius,    Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman,    Paraguay, Philippines, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint    Vincent and the Grenadines, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal,    Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan,    Tanzania, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uganda, Uruguay,    Vietnam, Yemen, former Yugoslavia, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (91) Afghanistan,    Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Benin,    Bhutan, Bolivia, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia,    Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo,    Cook Islands, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El    Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, European Union, Finland,    France, Gabon, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran,    Ireland, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia,    Libya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia,    Maldives, Mauritania, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Nauru,    Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Niue, Norway,    Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,    Russia, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, South Africa,    Spain, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Tuvalu,    Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Western Samoa       United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries    Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly in Africa       note -- abbreviated as Desertification       opened for signature -- 14 October 1994, but not yet in force       objective -- to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of    drought through national action programs that incorporate long-term    strategies supported by international cooperation and partnership    arrangements       parties -- (1) Mexico       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (104) Algeria,    Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia,    Bangladesh, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia,    Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile,    China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cote dIvoire, Croatia,    Cuba, Denmark, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea,    Ethiopia, European Union, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany,    Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, India,    Indonesia, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan,    Kenya, South Korea, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar,    Malawi, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia,    Morocco, Namibia, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway,    Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Saint Vincent    and the Grenadines, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa,    Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia,    Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States,    Uzbekistan, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe; note - some late changes not    included under country entries       United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change       note -- abbreviated as Climate Change       opened for signature -- 9 May 1992       entered into force -- 21 March 1994       objective -- to achieve stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations    in the atmosphere at a low enough level to prevent dangerous    anthropogenic interference with the climate system       parties -- (119) Albania, Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina,    Armenia, Australia, Austria, The Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh,    Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burkina, Burma,    Cameroon, Canada, Chad, Chile, China, Comoros, Cook Islands, Costa    Rica, Cote dIvoire, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, Ecuador,    Egypt, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France,    Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Grenada, Guinea, Guyana, Hungary,    Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan,    Kenya, North Korea, South Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Liechtenstein,    Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands,    Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Monaco,    Mongolia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway,    Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland,    Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, San    Marino, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Slovakia, Solomon Islands,    Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad and    Tobago, Tunisia, Tuvulu, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States,    Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Western Samoa,    Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe       countries that have signed, but not yet ratified -- (54) Afghanistan,    Angola, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cape    Verde, Central African Republic, Colombia, Congo, Croatia, Cyprus,    Djibouti, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala,    Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kiribati,    Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Lithuania, Madagascar, Moldova,    Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nicaragua, Niger, Oman, Panama, Rwanda,    Sao Tome and Principe, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovenia, South    Africa, Suriname, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Ukraine, Yemen, former    Yugoslavia       Wetlands       see -- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially    As Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar)       Whaling       see -- International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix F:       Weights and Measures       Mathematical Notation       Exponents immediately follow the ^ symbol throughout this appendix.       Mathematical Power                                          Name       10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000                  one quintillion       10^15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000                        one quadrillion       10^12 or 1,000,000,000,000                              one trillion       10^9 or 1,000,000,000                                       one billion       10^6 or 1,000,000                                             one million       10^3 or 1,000                                                   one thousand       10^2 or 100                                                      one hundred       10^1 or 10                                                      ten       10^0 or 1                                                         one       10-^1 or 0.1                                                   one-tenth       10-^2 or 0.01                                                   one-hundredth       10-^3 or 0.001                                                one-thousandth       10-^6 or 0.000 001                                          one-millionth       10-^9 or 0.000 000 001                                    one-billionth       10-^12 or 0.000 000 000 001                              one-trillionth       10-^15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001                        one-quadrillionth       10-^18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 00                  one-quintillionth       Metric Interrelationships       Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of    meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to    convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers    equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply    by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers).       Prefix         Symbol            Length, weight,                                        or capacity            Area            Volume       exa            E                     10^18                     10^36            10^54       peta            P                     10^15                     10^30            10^45       tera            T                     10^12                     10^24            10^36       giga            G                     10^9                        10^18            10^27       mega            M                     10^6                        10^12            10^18       hectokilo   hk                  10^5                        10^10            10^15       myria         ma                  10^4                        10^8            10^12       kilo            k                     10^3                        10^6            10^9       hecto         h                     10^2                        10^4            10^6       basic unit   -                     1 meter,                  1 meter^2      1 meter^3                                        1 gram,                                        1 liter       deci            d                     10-^1                     10-^2            10-^3       centi         c                     10-^2                     10-^4            10-^6       milli         m                     10-^3                     10-^6            10-^9       decimilli   dm                  10-^4                     10-^8            10-^12       centimilli   cm                  10-^5                     10-^10         10-^15       micro         u                     10-^6                     10-^12         10-^18       nano            n                     10-^9                     10-^18         10-^27       pico            p                     10-^12                     10-^24         10-^36       femto         f                     10-^15                     10-^30         10-^45       atto            a                     10-^18                     10-^36         10-^54       Equivalents       Units                           Metric Equivalent            US Equivalent       acre                           0.404 685 64 hectares      43,560 feet^2       acre                           4,046,856 4 meters^2      4,840 yards^2       acre                           0.004 046 856 4               0.001 562 5 miles^2,                                     kilometers^2                  statute       are                              100 meters^2                  119.599 yards^2       barrel    (petroleum, US)         158.987 29 liters            42 gallons       (proof spirits, US)   151.416 47 liters            40 gallons       (beer, US)                  117.347 77 liters            31 gallons       bushel                        35.239 07 liters            4 pecks       cable                           219.456 meters               120 fathoms       chain (surveyor's)      20.116 8 meters               66 feet       cord (wood)                  3.624 556 meters^3         128 feet^3       cup                              0.236 588 2 liters         8 ounces, liquid (US)       degrees, Celsius         (water boils at 100         multiply by 1.8 and add 32                                     degrees C, freezes at   to obtain degrees F                                     0 degrees C)       degrees, Fahrenheit      subtract 32 and divide   water boils at 212 degrees                                     by 1.8 to obtain            F, freezes at 32 degrees F)                                     degrees C       dram, avdp.                  1.771 845 2 grams            0.0625 5 ounces, avdp.       dram, troy                  3.887 934 6 grams            0.125 ounces, troy       dram, liquid   (US)      3.696 69 milliliters      0.125 ounces, liquid       fathom                        1.828 8 meters               6 feet       foot                           30.48 centimeters            12 inches       foot                           0.304 8 meters               0.333 333 3 yards       foot                           0.000 304 8 kilometers   0.000 189 39 miles, statute       foot^2                        929.030 4 centimeters^2   144 inches^2       foot^2                        0.092 903 04 meters^2      0.111 111 1 yards^2       foot^3                        28.316 846 592 liters      7.480 519 gallons       foot^3                        0.028 316 847 meters^3   1,728 inches^3       furlong                        201.168 meters               220 yards       gallon, liquid (US)      3.785 411 784 liters      4 quarts, liquid       gill (US)                     118.294 118 milliliters   4 ounces, liquid       grain                           64.798 91 milligrams      0.002 285 71 ounces, avdp.       gram                           1,000 milligrams            0.035 273 96 ounces, avdp.       hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters            4 inches       hectare                        10,000 meters^2               2.471 053 8 acres       hundredweight, long      50.802 345 kilograms      112 pounds, avdp.       hundredweight, short   45.359 237 kilograms      100 pounds, avdp.       inch                           2.54 centimeters            0.083 333 33 feet       inch^2                        6.451 6 centimeters^2      0.006 944 44 feet^2       inch^3                        16.387 064 centimeters^3 0.000 578 7 feet^3       inch^3                        16.387 064 milliliters   0.029 761 6 pints, dry       inch^3                        16.387 064 milliliters   0.034 632 0 pints, liquid       kilogram                     0.001 tons, metric         2.204 623 pounds, avdp.       kilometer                     1,000 meters                  0.621 371 19 miles, statute       kilometer^2                  100 hectares                  247.105 38 acres       kilometer^2                  1,000,000 meters^2         0.386 102 16 miles^2,                                                                            statute       knot (1 nautical         1.852 kilometers/hour      1.151 statute miles/hour    mi/hr)       league, nautical         5.556 kilometers      3 miles, nautical       league, statute            4.828.032 kilometers      3 miles, statute       link (surveyor's)         20.116 8 centimeters      7.92 inches       liter                           0.001 meters^3               61.023 74 inches^3       liter                           0.1 dekaliter                  0.908 083 quarts, dry       liter                           1,000 milliliters            1.056 688 quarts, liquid       meter                           100 centimeters               1.093 613 yards       meter^2                        10,000 centimeters^2      1.195 990 yards^2       meter^3                        1,000 liters                  1.307 951 yards^3       micron                        0.000 001 meter               0.000 039 4 inches       mil                              0.025 4 millimeters         0.001 inch       mile, nautical            1.852 kilometers            1.150 779 4 miles, statute       mile^2, nautical         3.429 904 kilometers^2   1.325 miles^2, statute       mile, statute               1.609 344 kilometers      5,280 feet or 8 furlongs       mile^2, statute            258.998 811 hectares      640 acres or 1 section       mile^2, statute            2.589 988 11                  0.755 miles^2, nautical                                     kilometers^2       minim (US)                  0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces, liquid                                                                            or one-sixtieth of a dram       ounce, avdp.               28.349 523 125 grams      437.5 grains       ounce, liquid (US)      29.573 53 milliliters      0.062 5 pints, liquid       ounce, troy                  31.103 476 8 grams         480 grains       pace                           76.2 centimeters            30 inches       peck                           8.809 767 5 liters         8 quarts, dry       pennyweight                  1.555 173 84 grams         24 grains       pint, dry (US)            0.550 610 47 liters         0.5 quarts, dry       pint, liquid (US)         0.473 176 473 liters      0.5 quarts, liquid       point (typographical)   0.351 459 8 millimeters   0.013 837 inches       pound, avdp                  453.592 37 grams            16 ounces, avdp       pound, troy                  373.241 721 6 grams         12 ounces, troy       quart, dry (US)            1.101 221 liters            2 pints, dry       quart, liquid (US)      0.946 352 946 liters      2 pints, liquid       quintal                        100 kilograms                  220.462 26 pounds, avdp.       rod                              5.029 2 meters               5.5 yards       scruple                        1.295 978 2 grams            20 grains       section (US)               2.589 988 1 kilometers^2 1 mile^2, statute                                                                            or 640 acres       span                           22.86 centimeters            9 inches       stere                           1 meter^3                        1.307 95 yards^3       tablespoon                  14.786 76 milliliters      3 teaspoons       teaspoon                     4.928 922 milliliters      0.333 333 tablespoons       ton, long or               1,016.046 909 kilograms   2,240 pounds, avdp.    deadweight       ton, metric                  1,000 kilograms               2,204.623 pounds, avdp.       ton, metric                  1,000 kilograms               32,150.75 ounces, troy       ton, register               2.831 684 7 meters^3      100 feet^3       ton, short                  907.184 74 kilograms      2,000 pounds, avdp.       township (US)               93.239 572 kilometers^2   36 miles^2, statute       yard                           0.914 4 meters               3 feet       yard^2                        0.836 127 36 meters^2      9 feet^2       yard^3                        0.764 554 86 meters^3      27 feet^3       yard^3                        764.554 857 984 liters   201.974 gallons
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix G:       Estimates of Gross Domestic Product on an Exchange Rate Basis       These estimates of gross domestic product on an exchange rate basis    are based on official data from national statistical offices.       Country                                                      Million US$      Year       Afghanistan                                                            ---         ---       Albania                                                                  ---         ---       Algeria                                                               46,823      1993       American Samoa                                                         ---         ---       Andorra                                                                  ---         ---       Angola                                                                     ---         ---       Anguilla                                                                  ---         ---       Antigua and Barbuda                                                374      1992       Argentina                                                               ---         ---       Armenia                                                                  ---         ---       Aruba                                                                     ---         ---       Australia                                                         284,293      1993       Austria                                                            181,367      1993       Azerbaijan                                                               ---         ---       The Bahamas                                                            ---         ---       Bahrain                                                               3,903      1990       Bangladesh                                                         23,957      1993       Barbados                                                               1,574      1992       Belarus                                                                  ---         ---       Belgium                                                            207,500      1993       Belize                                                                     524      1993       Benin                                                                  1,898      1991       Bermuda                                                                  ---         ---       Bhutan                                                                     245      1992       Bolivia                                                               6,058      1991       Bosnia and Herzegovina                                             ---         ---       Botswana                                                               3,702      1992       Brazil                                                                     ---         ---       British Virgin Islands                                             ---         ---       Brunei                                                                     ---         ---       Bulgaria                                                                  ---         ---       Burkina                                                                  ---         ---       Burma                                                                  55,073      1993       Burundi                                                                  923      1993       Cambodia                                                                  ---         ---       Cameroon                                                            10,918      1992       Canada                                                               551,645      1993       Cape Verde                                                               286      1988       Cayman Islands                                                         ---         ---       Central African Republic                                       1,339      1992       Chad                                                                     1,383      1992       Chile                                                                  43,684      1993       China                                                               544,603      1993       Christmas Island                                                      ---         ---       Cocos (Keeling) Islands                                          ---         ---       Colombia                                                                  ---         ---       Comoros                                                               43,546      1992       Congo                                                                     ---         ---       Cook Island                                                            ---         ---       Costa Rica                                                            6,722      1992       Cote d'Ivoire                                                      10,492      1992       Croatia                                                                  ---         ---       Cuba                                                                        ---         ---       Cyprus                                                                  6,700      1992       Czech Republic                                                   31,664      1993       Denmark                                                            135,998      1993       Djibouti                                                                  494      1990       Dominica                                                                  189      1992       Dominican Republic                                                8,796      1992       Ecuador                                                               14,304      1993       Egypt                                                                  41,855      1992       El Salvador                                                         7,625      1993       Equatorial Guinea                                                   181      1992       Eritrea                                                                  ---         ---       Estonia                                                                  ---         ---       Ethiopia                                                               3,362      1993       Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)                           ---         ---       Faroe Islands                                                         ---         ---       Fiji                                                                     1,490      1991       Finland                                                               83,795      1993       France                                                            1,252,560      1993       French Guiana                                                         ---         ---       French Polynesia                                                      ---         ---       Gabon                                                                  5,913      1992       The Gambia                                                               332      1992       Gaza Strip                                                               ---         ---       Georgia                                                                  ---         ---       Germany                                                         1,880,000      1993       Ghana                                                                  6,884      1992       Gibraltar                                                               ---         ---       Greece                                                               73,100      1993       Greenland                                                               ---         ---       Grenada                                                                  214      1992       Guadeloupe                                                               ---         ---       Guam                                                                        ---         ---       Guatemala                                                            11,279      1993       Guernsey                                                                  ---         ---       Guinea                                                                     ---         ---       Guinea-Bissau                                                         221      1992       Guyana                                                                     447      1993       Haiti                                                                  2,502      1990       Honduras                                                               3,343      1993       Hong Kong                                                               ---         ---       Hungary                                                               36,113      1993       Iceland                                                               6,076      1993       India                                                               272,231      1992       Indonesia                                                         142,794      1993       Iran                                                               1,013,890      1992       Iraq                                                                        ---         ---       Ireland                                                               47,678      1993       Israel                                                               65,043      1993       Italy                                                               999,700      1993       Jamaica                                                               3,839      1993       Japan                                                            4,215,546      1993       Jersey                                                                     ---         ---       Jordan                                                                  5,190      1993       Kazakhstan                                                               ---         ---       Kenya                                                                  5,569      1993       Kiribati                                                                  ---         ---       Korea, North                                                            ---         ---       Korea, South                                                            ---         ---       Kuwait                                                               22,416      1993       Kyrgyzstan                                                               ---         ---       Laos                                                                        ---         ---       Latvia                                                                     ---         ---       Lebanon                                                                  ---         ---       Lesotho                                                                  710      1992       Liberia                                                               1,183      1989       Libya                                                                  21,864      1986       Liechtenstein                                                         ---         ---       Lithuania                                                               ---         ---       Luxembourg                                                         10,600      1993       Macau                                                                     ---         ---       Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of               ---         ---       Madagascar                                                            3,371      1993       Malawi                                                                  2,017      1993       Malaysia                                                            64,434      1993       Maldives                                                                  ---         ---       Mali                                                                     2,451      1991       Malta                                                                  2,743      1992       Man, Isle of                                                            ---         ---       Marshall Islands                                                      ---         ---       Martinique                                                               ---         ---       Mauritania                                                            1,136      1993       Mauritius                                                            3,112      1993       Mayotte                                                                  ---         ---       Mexico                                                               286,631      1991       Micronesia, Federated States of                              ---         ---       Moldova                                                                  ---         ---       Monaco                                                                     ---         ---       Mongolia                                                               1,111      1992       Montserrat                                                               ---         ---       Morocco                                                               28,762      1992       Mozambique                                                            1,410      1993       Namibia                                                               2,508      1993       Nauru                                                                     ---         ---       Nepal                                                                  3,387      1993       Netherlands                                                      308,995      1993       Netherlands Antilles                                                ---         ---       New Caledonia                                                         ---         ---       New Zealand                                                         43,698      1993       Nicaragua                                                            2,214      1990       Niger                                                                  2,506      1990       Nigeria                                                               37,250      1993       Niue                                                                        ---         ---       Norfolk Island                                                         ---         ---       Northern Mariana Islands                                          ---         ---       Norway                                                               103,418      1993       Oman                                                                  11,489      1992       Pakistan                                                            48,363      1993       Palau                                                                     ---         ---       Panama                                                                  6,565      1993       Papua New Guinea                                                   4,292      1992       Paraguay                                                               6,446      1992       Peru                                                                  39,760      1989       Philippines                                                         54,068      1992       Pitcairn Islands                                                      ---         ---       Poland                                                               85,898      1993       Portugal                                                            75,100      1993       Puerto Rico                                                            ---         ---       Qatar                                                                  7,473      1992       Reunion                                                                  ---         ---       Romania                                                               24,781      1993       Russia                                                                     ---         ---       Rwanda                                                                  1,630      1992       Saint Helena                                                            ---         ---       Saint Kitts and Nevis                                             158      1990       Saint Lucia                                                            393      1992       Saint Pierre and Miquelon                                       ---         ---       Saint Vincent and the Grenadines                              192      1992       San Marino                                                               ---         ---       Sao Tome and Principe                                             ---         ---       Saudi Arabia                                                      121,530      1992       Senegal                                                               4,627      1989       Serbia and Montenegro                                             ---         ---       Seychelles                                                               434      1992       Sierra Leone                                                            ---         ---       Singapore                                                            55,086      1993       Slovakia                                                                  ---         ---       Slovenia                                                                  ---         ---       Solomon Islands                                                      ---         ---       Somalia                                                                  ---         ---       South Africa                                                      117,442      1993       Spain                                                               478,391      1993       Sri Lanka                                                            10,274      1993       Sudan                                                                  27,697      1991       Suriname                                                               1,872      1991       Svalbard                                                                  ---         ---       Swaziland                                                               874      1991       Sweden                                                               186,224      1993       Switzerland                                                      232,133      1993       Syria                                                                  33,050      1992       Tajikistan                                                               ---         ---       Tanzania                                                               2,086      1993       Thailand                                                            110,429      1992       Togo                                                                     1,237      1987       Tokelau                                                                  ---         ---       Tonga                                                                     145      1993       Trinidad and Tobago                                             4,538      1993       Tunisia                                                               14,634      1993       Turkey                                                               138,400      1993       Turkmenistan                                                            ---         ---       Turks and Caicos Islands                                          ---         ---       Tuvalu                                                                     ---         ---       Uganda                                                                  5,608      1988       Ukraine                                                                  ---         ---       United Arab Emirates                                          34,977      1992       United Kingdom                                                   944,902      1993       United States                                                6,738,400      1994       Uruguay                                                               13,144      1993       Uzbekistan                                                               ---         ---       Vanuatu                                                                  153      1990       Venezuela                                                            59,183      1993       Vietnam                                                                  ---         ---       Virgin Islands                                                         ---         ---       Wallis and Futuna                                                   ---         ---       West Bank                                                               ---         ---       Western Sahara                                                         ---         ---       Western Samoa                                                         ---         ---       World                                                                     ---         ---       Yemen                                                                     ---         ---       Zaire                                                                  9,078      1991       Zambia                                                                  3,302      1992       Zimbabwe                                                               6,189      1990       Taiwan                                                                     ---         ---
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix H       Cross-Reference List of Geographic Items       This list indicates where various geographic items - including the    location of all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names    of countries, former names, and political or geographical portions of    larger entities - can be found in The World Factbook. Spellings are    normally, but not always, those approved by the United States Board on    Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in parentheses;    additional information is included in brackets.       Name -- Entry in The World Factbook       A             Abidjan [US Embassy] -- Cote d'Ivoire             Abu Dhabi [US Embassy] -- United Arab Emirates             Abuja [US Embassy Branch Office] -- Nigeria             Acapulco [US Consular Agency] -- Mexico             Accra [US Embassy] -- Ghana             Adamstown -- Pitcairn Islands             Adana [US Consulate] -- Turkey             Addis Ababa [US Embassy] -- Ethiopia             Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) -- Antarctica [claimed by France]             Aden -- Yemen             Aden, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean             Admiralty Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Adriatic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Aegean Islands -- Greece             Aegean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Afars and Issas, French Territory -- Djibouti of the (F.T.A.I.)             Agalega Islands -- Mauritius             Agana -- Guam             Aland Islands -- Finland             Alaska -- United States             Alaska, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Aldabra Islands -- Seychelles             Alderney -- Guernsey             Aleutian Islands -- United States             Alexander Island -- Antarctica             Alexandria -- Egypt             Algiers [US Embassy] -- Algeria             Alhucemas, Penon de -- Spain             Alma-Ata (see Almaty) -- Kazakhstan             Almaty (Alma-Ata) [US Embassy] -- Kazakhstan             Alofi -- Niue             Alphonse Island -- Seychelles             Amami Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Amindivi Islands -- India             Amirante Isles -- Seychelles             Amman [US Embassy] -- Jordan             Amsterdam [US Consulate General] -- Netherlands             Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam) -- French Southern and Antarctic          Lands             Amundsen Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Amur -- China; Russia             Andaman Islands -- India             Andaman Sea -- Indian Ocean             Andorra la Vella -- Andorra             Anegada Passage -- Atlantic Ocean             Anglo-Egyptian Sudan -- Sudan             Anjouan -- Comoros             Ankara [US Embassy] -- Turkey             Annobon -- Equatorial Guinea             Antananarivo [US Embassy] -- Madagascar             Antipodes Islands -- New Zealand             Antwerp [European Logistical -- Belgium Support Office]             Aozou Strip -- Chad             Apia [US Embassy] -- Western Samoa             Aqaba, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean             Arabian Sea -- Indian Ocean             Arafura Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Argun -- China; Russia             Ascension Island -- Saint Helena             Ashgabat [US Embassy] -- Turkmenistan             Ashkhabad (see Ashgabat) -- Turkmenistan             Asmara [US Embassy] -- Eritrea             Asmera (see Asmara) -- Eritrea             Assumption Island -- Seychelles             Asuncion [US Embassy] -- Paraguay             Asuncion Island -- Northern Mariana Islands             Atacama -- Chile             Athens [US Embassy] -- Greece             Attu -- United States             Auckland [US Consulate General] -- New Zealand             Auckland Islands -- New Zealand             Australes Iles (Iles Tubuai) -- French Polynesia             Avarua -- Cook Islands             Axel Heiberg Island -- Canada             Azores -- Portugal             Azov, Sea of -- Atlantic Ocean       B             Bab el Mandeb -- Indian Ocean             Babuyan Channel -- Pacific Ocean             Babuyan Islands -- Philippines             Baffin Bay -- Arctic Ocean             Baffin Island -- Canada             Baghdad [US Embassy temporarily -- Iraq suspended; US Interests          Section located in Poland's embassy in Baghdad]             Baki (Baku) -- Azerbaijan             Baku [US Embassy] -- Azerbaijan             Baky (Baku) -- Azerbaijan             Balabac Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Balearic Islands -- Spain             Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) -- Atlantic Ocean             Bali Sea -- Indian Ocean             Balintang Channel -- Pacific Ocean             Balintang Islands -- Philippines             Balleny Islands -- Antarctica             Balochistan -- Pakistan             Baltic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Bamako [US Embassy] -- Mali             Banaba (Ocean Island) -- Kiribati             Bandar Seri Begawan [US Embassy] -- Brunei             Banda Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Bangkok [US Embassy] -- Thailand             Bangui [US Embassy] -- Central African Republic             Banjul [US Embassy] -- Gambia, The             Banks Island -- Canada             Banks Islands (Iles Banks) -- Vanuatu             Barcelona [US Consulate General] -- Spain             Barents Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Barranquilla [US Consulate] -- Colombia             Bashi Channel -- Pacific Ocean             Basilan Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Bass Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Basse-Terre -- Guadeloupe             Basseterre -- Saint Kitts and Nevis             Basutoland -- Lesotho             Batan Islands -- Philippines             Bavaria (Bayern) -- Germany             Beagle Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Bear Island (Bjornoya) -- Svalbard             Beaufort Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Bechuanaland -- Botswana             Beijing [US Embassy] -- China             Beirut [US Embassy] -- Lebanon             Belau -- Palau             Belem [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil             Belep Islands (Iles Belep) -- New Caledonia             Belfast [US Consulate General] -- United Kingdom             Belgian Congo -- Zaire             Belgrade [US Embassy; US does not -- Serbia and Montenegro          maintain full diplomatic relations with Serbia and Montenegro]             Belize City [US Embassy] -- Belize             Belle Isle, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bellingshausen Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Belmopan -- Belize             Belorussia -- Belarus             Bengal, Bay of -- Indian Ocean             Bering Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Bering Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Berkner Island -- Antarctica             Berlin [US Branch Office] -- Germany             Berlin, East -- Germany             Berlin, West -- Germany             Bern [US Embassy] -- Switzerland             Bessarabia -- Romania; Moldova             Bijagos, Arquipelago dos -- Guinea-Bissau             Bikini Atoll -- Marshall Islands             Bilbao [US Consulate] -- Spain             Bioko -- Equatorial Guinea             Biscay, Bay of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bishkek [US Embassy] -- Kyrgyzstan             Bishop Rock -- United Kingdom             Bismarck Archipelago -- Papua New Guinea             Bismarck Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Bissau [US Embassy] -- Guinea-Bissau             Bjornoya (Bear Island) -- Svalbard             Black Rock -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)             Black Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Bloemfontein -- South Africa             Boa Vista -- Cape Verde             Bogota [US Embassy] -- Colombia             Bombay [US Consulate General] -- India             Bonaire -- Netherlands Antilles             Bonifacio, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bonin Islands -- Japan             Bonn [US Embassy] -- Germany             Bophuthatswana -- South Africa             Bora-Bora -- French Polynesia             Bordeaux [US Consulate General] -- France             Borneo -- Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia             Bornholm -- Denmark             Bosporus -- Atlantic Ocean             Bothnia, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bougainville Island -- Papua New Guinea             Bougainville Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Bounty Islands -- New Zealand             Brasilia [US Embassy] -- Brazil             Bratislava [US Embassy] -- Slovakia             Brazzaville [US Embassy] -- Congo             Bridgetown [US Embassy] -- Barbados             Brisbane [US Consulate] -- Australia             British East Africa -- Kenya             British Guiana -- Guyana             British Honduras -- Belize             British Solomon Islands -- Solomon Islands             British Somaliland -- Somalia             Brussels [US Embassy, US Mission -- Belgium to European Union          (USEU), US Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization          (USNATO)]             Bucharest [US Embassy] -- Romania             Budapest [US Embassy] -- Hungary             Buenos Aires [US Embassy] -- Argentina             Bujumbura [US Embassy] -- Burundi             Burnt Pine -- Norfolk Island             Byelorussia -- Belarus       C             Cabinda -- Angola             Cabot Strait -- Atlantic Ocean             Caicos Islands -- Turks and Caicos Islands             Cairo [US Embassy] -- Egypt             Calcutta [US Consulate General] -- India             Calgary [US Consulate General] -- Canada             California, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Campbell Island -- New Zealand             Canal Zone -- Panama             Canary Islands -- Spain             Canberra [US Embassy] -- Australia             Canton (Guangzhou) -- China             Canton Island (Kanton Island) -- Kiribati             Cape Town [US Consulate General] -- South Africa             Caracas [US Embassy] -- Venezuela             Cargados Carajos Shoals -- Mauritius             Caroline Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of;       -- Palau       Caribbean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Carpentaria, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean       Casablanca [US Consulate General] -- Morocco       Castries -- Saint Lucia       Cato Island -- Australia       Cayenne -- French Guiana       Cebu [US Consulate] -- Philippines       Celebes -- Indonesia       Celebes Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Celtic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Central African Empire -- Central African Republic       Ceuta -- Spain       Ceylon -- Sri Lanka       Chafarinas, Islas -- Spain       Chagos Archipelago (Oil Islands) -- British Indian Ocean Territory       Channel Islands -- Guernsey; Jersey       Charlotte Amalie -- Virgin Islands       Chatham Islands -- New Zealand       Cheju-do -- Korea, South       Cheju Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Chengdu [US Consulate General] -- China       Chesterfield Islands -- New Caledonia (Iles Chesterfield)       Chiang Mai [US Consulate General] -- Thailand       Chihli, Gulf of (see Bo Hai) -- Pacific Ocean       China, People's Republic of -- China       China, Republic of -- Taiwan       Chisinau [US Embassy] -- Moldova       Choiseul -- Solomon Islands       Christmas Island [Indian Ocean] -- Australia       Christmas Island [Pacific Ocean] -- Kiribati (Kiritimati)       Chukchi Sea -- Arctic Ocean       Ciskei -- South Africa       Ciudad Juarez [US Consulate General] -- Mexico       Cluj-Napoca [US Branch Office] -- Romania       Coco, Isla del -- Costa Rica       Cocos Islands -- Cocos (Keeling) Islands       Colombo [US Embassy] -- Sri Lanka       Colon, Archipielago de -- Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)       Commander Islands -- Russia (Komandorskiye Ostrova)       Conakry [US Embassy] -- Guinea       Congo (Brazzaville) -- Congo       Congo (Kinshasa) -- Zaire       Congo (Leopoldville) -- Zaire       Con Son Islands -- Vietnam       Cook Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Copenhagen [US Embassy] -- Denmark       Coral Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Corn Islands (Islas del Maiz) -- Nicaragua       Corsica -- France       Cosmoledo Group -- Seychelles       Cotonou [US Embassy] -- Benin       Crete -- Greece       Crooked Island Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet) -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands       Curacao [US Consulate General] -- Netherlands Antilles       Czechoslovakia -- Czech Republic; Slovakia       D             Dahomey -- Benin             Daito Islands -- Japan             Dakar [US Embassy] -- Senegal             Daman (Damao) -- India             Damascus [US Embassy] -- Syria             Danger Atoll -- Cook Islands             Danish Straits -- Atlantic Ocean             Danzig (Gdansk) -- Poland             Dao Bach Long Vi -- Vietnam             Dardanelles -- Atlantic Ocean             Dar es Salaam [US Embassy] -- Tanzania             Davis Strait -- Atlantic Ocean             Deception Island -- Antarctica             Denmark Strait -- Atlantic Ocean             D'Entrecasteaux Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Devon Island -- Canada             Dhahran [US Consulate General] -- Saudi Arabia             Dhaka [US Embassy] -- Bangladesh             Diego Garcia -- British Indian Ocean Territory             Diego Ramirez -- Chile             Diomede Islands -- Russia [Big Diomede]; United States       -- [Little Diomede]       Diu -- India       Djibouti [US Embassy] -- Djibouti       Dodecanese -- Greece       Dodoma -- Tanzania       Doha [US Embassy] -- Qatar       Douala -- Cameroon       Douglas -- Man, Isle of       Dover, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Drake Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Dubai (see Dubayy) -- United Arab Emirates       Dubayy [US Consulate General] -- United Arab Emirates       Dublin [US Embassy] -- Ireland       Durban [US Consulate General] -- South Africa       Dushanbe [US Embassy] -- Tajikistan       Dutch East Indies -- Indonesia       Dutch Guiana -- Suriname       E             East China Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) -- Chile             Eastern Channel (East Korea Strait -- Pacific Ocean or Tsushima          Strait)             East Germany (German Democratic -- Germany Republic)             East Korea Strait (Eastern Channel -- Pacific Ocean or Tsushima          Strait)             East Pakistan -- Bangladesh             East Siberian Sea -- Arctic Ocean             East Timor (Portuguese Timor) -- Indonesia             Edinburgh [US Consulate General] -- United Kingdom             Elba -- Italy             Ellef Ringnes Island -- Canada             Ellesmere Island -- Canada             Ellice Islands -- Tuvalu             Elobey, Islas de -- Equatorial Guinea             Enderbury Island -- Kiribati             Enewetak Atoll (Eniwetok Atoll) -- Marshall Islands             England -- United Kingdom             English Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Eniwetok Atoll -- Marshall Islands             Epirus, Northern -- Albania; Greece             Essequibo [claimed by Venezuela] -- Guyana             Etorofu -- Russia [de facto]       F             Farquhar Group -- Seychelles             Fernando de Noronha -- Brazil             Fernando Po (Bioko) -- Equatorial Guinea             Finland, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean             Florence [US Consulate General] -- Italy             Florida, Straits of -- Atlantic Ocean             Formosa -- Taiwan             Formosa Strait (Taiwan Strait) -- Pacific Ocean             Fortaleza [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil             Fort-de-France -- Martinique             Frankfurt am Main [US -- Germany Consulate General]             Franz Josef Land -- Russia             Freetown [US Embassy] -- Sierra Leone             French Cameroon -- Cameroon             French Indochina -- Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam             French Guinea -- Guinea             French Sudan -- Mali             French Territory of the Afars -- Djibouti and Issas (F.T.A.I.)             French Togo -- Togo             Friendly Islands -- Tonga             Frunze (Bishkek) -- Kyrgyzstan             Fukuoka [US Consulate] -- Japan             Funafuti -- Tuvalu             Fundy, Bay of -- Atlantic Ocean             Futuna Islands (Hoorn Islands) -- Wallis and Futuna       G             Gaborone [US Embassy] -- Botswana             Galapagos Islands (Archipielago -- Ecuador de Colon)             Galleons Passage -- Atlantic Ocean             Gambier Islands (Iles Gambier) -- French Polynesia             Gaspar Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Geneva [Branch Office of the -- Switzerland US Embassy, US Mission          to European Office of the UN and Other International          Organizations]             Genoa -- Italy             George Town [US Consular Agency] -- Cayman Islands             Georgetown [US Embassy] -- Guyana             German Democratic Republic -- Germany (East Germany)             Gibraltar -- Gibraltar             Gibraltar, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Gilbert Islands -- Kiribati             Goa -- India             Gold Coast -- Ghana             Golan Heights -- Syria             Good Hope, Cape of -- South Africa             Goteborg -- Sweden             Gotland -- Sweden             Gough Island -- Saint Helena             Grand Banks -- Atlantic Ocean             Grand Cayman -- Cayman Islands             Grand Turk -- Turks and Caicos Islands             Great Australian Bight -- Indian Ocean             Great Belt (Store Baelt) -- Atlantic Ocean             Great Britain -- United Kingdom             Great Channel -- Indian Ocean             Greater Sunda Islands -- Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia             Green Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Greenland Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Grenadines, Northern -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines             Grenadines, Southern -- Grenada             Grytviken -- Georgia             Guadalajara [US Consulate General] -- Mexico             Guadalcanal -- Solomon Islands             Guadalupe, Isla de -- Mexico             Guangzhou [US Consulate General] -- China             Guantanamo Bay [US Naval Base] -- Cuba             Guatemala [US Embassy] -- Guatemala             Gubal, Strait of -- Indian Ocean             Guinea, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean             Guayaquil [US Consulate General] -- Ecuador       H             Ha'apai Group -- Tonga             Habomai Islands -- Russia [de facto]             Hague, The [US Embassy] -- Netherlands             Hainan Dao -- China             Halifax [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Halmahera -- Indonesia             Hamburg [US Consulate General] -- Germany             Hamilton [US Consulate General] -- Bermuda             Hanoi [US Liaison Office] -- Vietnam             Harare [US Embassy] -- Zimbabwe             Hatay -- Turkey             Havana [US post not maintained; -- Cuba representation by US          Interests Section (USINT) of the Swiss Embassy]             Hawaii -- United States             Heard Island -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands             Helsinki [US Embassy] -- Finland             Hermosillo [US Consulate] -- Mexico             Hispaniola -- Dominican Republic; Haiti             Hokkaido -- Japan             Hong Kong [US Consulate General] -- Hong Kong             Honiara -- Solomon Islands             Honshu -- Japan             Hormuz, Strait of -- Indian Ocean             Horn, Cape (Cabo de Hornos) -- Chile             Horne, Iles de -- Wallis and Futuna             Horn of Africa -- Ethiopia; Somalia             Hudson Bay -- Arctic Ocean             Hudson Strait -- Arctic Ocean       I             Inaccessible Island -- Saint Helena             Indochina -- Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam             Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) -- China             Ionian Islands -- Greece             Ionian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Irian Jaya -- Indonesia             Irish Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Islamabad [US Embassy] -- Pakistan             Islas Malvinas -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)             Istanbul [US Consulate General] -- Turkey             Italian Somaliland -- Somalia             Ivory Coast -- Cote d'Ivoire             Iwo Jima -- Japan       J             Jakarta [US Embassy] -- Indonesia             Jamestown -- Saint Helena             Japan, Sea of -- Pacific Ocean             Java -- Indonesia             Java Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Jeddah (see Jiddah) -- Saudi Arabia             Jerusalem [US Consulate General] -- Israel; West Bank             Jiddah [US Consulate General] -- Saudi Arabia             Johannesburg [US Consulate General] -- South Africa             Juan de Fuca, Strait of -- Pacific Ocean             Juan Fernandez, Isla de -- Chile             Juventud, Isla de la (Isle of Youth) -- Cuba       K             Kabul [US Embassy now closed] -- Afghanistan             Kaduna [US Consulate General] -- Nigeria             Kalimantan -- Indonesia             Kamchatka Peninsula -- Russia (Poluostrov Kamchatka)             Kampala [US Embassy] -- Uganda             Kampuchea -- Cambodia             Kanton Island -- Kiribati Karachi [US Consulate General]       -- Pakistan       Kara Sea -- Arctic Ocean       Karimata Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Kathmandu [US Embassy] -- Nepal       Kattegat -- Atlantic Ocean       Kauai Channel -- Pacific Ocean       Keeling Islands -- Cocos (Keeling) Islands       Kerguelen, Iles -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands       Kermadec Islands -- New Zealand       Khabarovsk -- Russia       Khartoum [US Embassy] -- Sudan       Khmer Republic -- Cambodia       Khuriya Muriya Islands (Kuria -- Oman Muria Islands)       Khyber Pass -- Pakistan       Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee Kanal) -- Atlantic Ocean       Kiev [US Embassy] -- Ukraine       Kigali [US Embassy] -- Rwanda       Kingston [US Embassy] -- Jamaica       Kingston -- Norfolk Island       Kingstown -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines       Kinshasa [US Embassy] -- Zaire       Kirghiziya -- Kyrgyzstan       Kiritimati (Christmas Island) -- Kiribati       Kishinev (Chisinau) -- Moldova       Kithira Strait -- Atlantic Ocean       Kodiak Island -- United States       Kola Peninsula (Kol'skiy Poluostrov) -- Russia       Kolonia [US Embassy] -- Micronesia, Federated States of       Korea Bay -- Pacific Ocean       Korea, Democratic People's -- Korea, North Republic of       Korea, Republic of -- Korea, South       Korea Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Koror [US Liaison Office] -- Palau       Kosovo -- Serbia and Montenegro       Kowloon -- Hong Kong       Krakow [US Consulate General] -- Poland       Kuala Lumpur [US Embassy] -- Malaysia       Kunashiri (Kunashir) -- Russia [de facto]       Kuril Islands -- Russia [de facto]       Kuwait [US Embassy] -- Kuwait       Kwajalein Atoll -- Marshall Islands       Kyushu -- Japan       Kyyiv (Kiev) -- Ukraine       L             Labrador -- Canada             Laccadive Islands -- India             Laccadive Sea -- Indian Ocean             Lagos [US Embassy] -- Nigeria             Lahore [US Consulate General] -- Pakistan             Lakshadweep -- India             La Paz [US Embassy] -- Bolivia             La Perouse Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Laptev Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Las Palmas -- Spain             Lau Group -- Fiji             Lefkosa (Nicosia) -- Cyprus             Leipzig [US Consulate General] -- Germany             Leningrad (see Saint Petersburg) -- Russia             Lesser Sunda Islands -- Indonesia             Leyte -- Philippines             Liancourt Rocks [claimed by Japan] -- Korea, South             Libreville [US Embassy] -- Gabon             Ligurian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Lilongwe [US Embassy] -- Malawi             Lima [US Embassy] -- Peru             Lincoln Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Line Islands -- Kiribati; Palmyra Atoll             Lisbon [US Embassy] -- Portugal             Ljubljana [US Embassy] -- Slovenia             Lobamba -- Swaziland             Lombok Strait -- Indian Ocean             Lome [US Embassy] -- Togo             London [US Embassy] -- United Kingdom             Longyearbyen -- Svalbard             Lord Howe Island -- Australia             Louisiade Archipelago -- Papua New Guinea             Loyalty Islands (Iles Loyaute) -- New Caledonia             Luanda [US Embassy] -- Angola             Lubumbashi -- Zaire             Lusaka [US Embassy] -- Zambia             Luxembourg [US Embassy] -- Luxembourg             Luzon -- Philippines             Luzon Strait -- Pacific Ocean       M             Macao -- Macau             Macau -- Macau             Macedonia -- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav       -- Republic of       Macquarie Island -- Australia       Madeira Islands -- Portugal       Madras [US Consulate General] -- India       Madrid [US Embassy] -- Spain       Magellan, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Maghreb -- Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, -- Tunisia       Mahe Island -- Seychelles       Maiz, Islas del (Corn Islands) -- Nicaragua       Majorca (Mallorca) -- Spain       Majuro [US Embassy] -- Marshall Islands       Makassar Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Malabo [US Embassy] -- Equatorial Guinea       Malacca, Strait of -- Indian Ocean       Malagasy Republic -- Madagascar       Male [US Consular Agency] -- Maldives       Mallorca (Majorca) -- Spain       Malpelo, Isla de -- Colombia       Malta Channel -- Atlantic Ocean       Malvinas, Islas -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)       Mamoutzou -- Mayotte       Managua [US Embassy] -- Nicaragua       Manama [US Embassy] -- Bahrain       Manaus [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil       Manchukuo -- China       Manchuria -- China       Manila [US Embassy] -- Philippines       Manipa Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Mannar, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean       Manua Islands -- American Samoa       Maputo [US Embassy] -- Mozambique       Marcus Island (Minami-tori-shima) -- Japan       Mariana Islands -- Guam; Northern Mariana Islands       Marion Island -- South Africa       Marmara, Sea of -- Atlantic Ocean       Marquesas Islands (Iles Marquises) -- French Polynesia       Marseille [US Consulate General] -- France       Martin Vaz, Ilhas -- Brazil       Mas a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe -- Chile Island)       Mascarene Islands -- Mauritius; Reunion       Maseru [US Embassy] -- Lesotho       Matamoros [US Consulate] -- Mexico       Mata-Utu -- Wallis and Futuna       Mazatlan -- Mexico       Mbabane [US Embassy] -- Swaziland       McDonald Islands -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands       Medan [US Consulate General] -- Indonesia       Mediterranean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Melbourne [US Consulate General] -- Australia       Melilla -- Spain       Merida [US Consulate] -- Mexico       Messina, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Mexico [US Embassy] -- Mexico       Mexico, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean       Milan [US Consulate General] -- Italy       Minami-tori-shima -- Japan       Mindanao -- Philippines       Mindoro Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Minicoy Island -- India       Minsk [US Embassy] -- Belarus       Mogadishu -- Somalia       Moldavia -- Moldova       Mombasa -- Kenya       Mona Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Monaco -- Monaco       Monrovia [US Embassy] -- Liberia       Montenegro -- Serbia and Montenegro       Monterrey [US Consulate General] -- Mexico       Montevideo [US Embassy] -- Uruguay       Montreal [US Consulate General, US -- Canada Mission to the    International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)]       Moravian Gate -- Czech Republic       Moroni -- Comoros       Mortlock Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of       Moscow [US Embassy] -- Russia       Mozambique Channel -- Indian Ocean       Munich [US Consulate General] -- Germany       Musandam Peninsula -- Oman; United Arab Emirates       Muscat [US Embassy] -- Oman       Muscat and Oman -- Oman       Myanma, Myanmar -- Burma       N             Nagoya [US Consulate] -- Japan             Naha [US Consulate General] -- Japan             Nairobi [US Embassy] -- Kenya             Nampo-shoto -- Japan             Naples [US Consulate General] -- Italy             Nassau [US Embassy] -- Bahamas, The             Natuna Besar Islands -- Indonesia             N'Djamena [US Embassy] -- Chad             Netherlands East Indies -- Indonesia             Netherlands Guiana -- Suriname             Nevis -- Saint Kitts and Nevis             New Delhi [US Embassy] -- India             Newfoundland -- Canada             New Guinea -- Indonesia; Papua New Guinea             New Hebrides -- Vanuatu             New Siberian Islands -- Russia             New Territories -- Hong Kong             New York, New York [US Mission to -- United States the United          Nations (USUN)]             Niamey [US Embassy] -- Niger             Nicobar Islands -- India             Nicosia [US Embassy] -- Cyprus             Nightingale Island -- Saint Helena             North Atlantic Ocean -- Atlantic Ocean             North Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Northeast Providence Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Northern Epirus -- Albania; Greece             Northern Grenadines -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines             Northern Ireland -- United Kingdom             Northern Rhodesia -- Zambia             North Island -- New Zealand             North Korea -- Korea, North             North Pacific Ocean -- Pacific Ocean             North Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             North Vietnam -- Vietnam             Northwest Passages -- Arctic Ocean             North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic) -- Yemen             Norwegian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Nouakchott [US Embassy] -- Mauritania             Noumea -- New Caledonia             Novaya Zemlya -- Russia             Nuku'alofa -- Tonga             Nuevo Laredo [US Consulate] -- Mexico             Nuuk (Godthab) -- Greenland             Nyasaland -- Malawi       O             Oahu -- United States             Ocean Island (Banaba) -- Kiribati             Ocean Island (Kure Island) -- United States             Ogaden -- Ethiopia; Somalia             Oil Islands (Chagos Archipelago) -- British Indian Ocean Territory             Okhotsk, Sea of -- Pacific Ocean             Okinawa -- Japan             Oman, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean             Ombai Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Oran -- Algeria             Oranjestad -- Aruba             Oresund (The Sound) -- Atlantic Ocean             Orkney Islands -- United Kingdom             Osaka-Kobe [US Consulate General] -- Japan             Oslo [US Embassy] -- Norway             Otranto, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Ottawa [US Embassy] -- Canada             Ouagadougou [US Embassy] -- Burkina             Outer Mongolia -- Mongolia       P             Pacific Islands, Trust Territory -- Palau of the             Pagan -- Northern Mariana Islands             Pago Pago -- American Samoa             Palawan -- Philippines             Palermo -- Italy             Palk Strait -- Indian Ocean             Pamirs -- China; Tajikistan             Panama [US Embassy] -- Panama             Panama Canal -- Panama             Panama, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Papeete -- French Polynesia             Paramaribo [US Embassy] -- Suriname             Parece Vela -- Japan             Paris [US Embassy, US Mission to the Organization for Economic          Cooperation and Development (OECD), US Observer Mission at the UN          Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)] --          France             Pascua, Isla de (Easter Island) -- Chile             Passion, Ile de la -- Clipperton Island             Pashtunistan -- Afghanistan; Pakistan             Peking (Beijing) -- China             Peleliu -- Palau             Pemba Island -- Tanzania             Pentland Firth -- Atlantic Ocean             Perim -- Yemen             Perouse Strait, La -- Pacific Ocean             Persian Gulf -- Indian Ocean             Perth [US Consulate General] -- Australia             Pescadores -- Taiwan             Peshawar [US Consulate] -- Pakistan             Peter I Island -- Antarctica             Philip Island -- Norfolk Island             Philippine Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Phnom Penh [US Embassy] -- Cambodia             Phoenix Islands -- Kiribati             Pines, Isle of (Isla de la Juventud) -- Cuba             Pleasant Island -- Nauru             Plymouth -- Montserrat             Ponape (Pohnpei) -- Micronesia             Ponta Delgada [US Consulate] -- Portugal             Port-au-Prince [US Embassy] -- Haiti             Port Louis [US Embassy] -- Mauritius             Port Moresby [US Embassy] -- Papua New Guinea             Porto Alegre [US Consulate] -- Brazil             Port-of-Spain [US Embassy] -- Trinidad and Tobago             Porto-Novo -- Benin             Portuguese Guinea -- Guinea-Bissau             Portuguese Timor (East Timor) -- Indonesia             Port-Vila -- Vanuatu             Poznan [US Consulate General] -- Poland             Prague [US Embassy] -- Czech Republic             Praia [US Embassy] -- Cape Verde             Pretoria [US Embassy] -- South Africa             Pribilof Islands -- United States             Prince Edward Island -- Canada             Prince Edward Islands -- South Africa             Prince Patrick Island -- Canada             Principe -- Sao Tome and Principe             Pusan [US Consulate] -- Korea, South             P'yongyang -- Korea, North       Q             Quebec [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Queen Charlotte Islands -- Canada             Queen Elizabeth Islands -- Canada             Queen Maud Land [claimed by Norway] -- Antarctica             Quito [US Embassy] -- Ecuador       R             Rabat [US Embassy] -- Morocco             Ralik Chain -- Marshall Islands             Rangoon [US Embassy] -- Burma             Ratak Chain -- Marshall Islands             Recife [US Consulate] -- Brazil             Redonda -- Antigua and Barbuda             Red Sea -- Indian Ocean             Revillagigedo Island -- United States             Revillagigedo Islands -- Mexico             Reykjavik [US Embassy] -- Iceland             Rhodes -- Greece             Rhodesia -- Zimbabwe             Rhodesia, Northern -- Zambia             Rhodesia, Southern -- Zimbabwe             Riga [US Embassy] -- Latvia             Rio de Janeiro [US Consulate -- Brazil General]             Rio de Oro -- Western Sahara             Rio Muni -- Equatorial Guinea             Riyadh [US Embassy] -- Saudi Arabia             Road Town -- British Virgin Islands             Robinson Crusoe Island (Mas -- Chile a Tierra)             Rocas, Atol das -- Brazil             Rockall [disputed] -- United Kingdom             Rodrigues -- Mauritius             Rome [US Embassy, US Mission to the UN Agencies for Food and          Agriculture (FODAG)] -- Italy             Roncador Cay -- Colombia             Roosevelt Island -- Antarctica             Roseau -- Dominica             Ross Dependency [claimed by -- Antarctica New Zealand]             Ross Island -- Antarctica             Ross Sea -- Antarctica             Rota -- Northern Mariana Islands             Rotuma -- Fiji             Ryukyu Islands -- Japan       S             Saba -- Netherlands Antilles             Sabah -- Malaysia             Sable Island -- Canada             Sahel -- Burkina, Cape Verde, Chad,       -- The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, -- Mauritania, Niger, Senegal       Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) -- Vietnam       Saint Brandon -- Mauritius       Saint Christopher and Nevis -- Saint Kitts and Nevis       Saint-Denis -- Reunion       Saint George's [US Embassy] -- Grenada       Saint George's Channel -- Atlantic Ocean       Saint Helier -- Jersey       Saint John's -- Antigua and Barbuda       Saint Lawrence, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean       Saint Lawrence Island -- United States       Saint Lawrence Seaway -- Atlantic Ocean       Saint Martin -- Guadeloupe       Saint Martin (Sint Maarten) -- Netherlands Antilles       Saint Paul Island -- Canada       Saint Paul Island -- United States       Saint Paul Island (Ile Saint-Paul) -- French Southern and Antarctic    Lands       Saint Peter and Saint Paul Rocks -- Brazil (Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao    Paulo)       Saint Peter Port -- Guernsey       Saint Petersburg [US Consulate -- Russia General]       Saint-Pierre -- Saint Pierre and Miquelon       Saint Vincent Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Saipan -- Northern Mariana Islands       Sakhalin Island (Ostrov Sakhalin) -- Russia       Sala y Gomez, Isla -- Chile       Salisbury (Harare) -- Zimbabwe       Salvador de Bahia [US Consular -- Brazil Agency]       Salzburg -- Austria       Sanaa [US Embassy] -- Yemen       San Ambrosio -- Chile       San Andres y Providencia, -- Colombia Archipielago       San Bernardino Strait -- Pacific Ocean       San Felix, Isla -- Chile       San Jose [US Embassy] -- Costa Rica       San Juan -- Puerto Rico       San Luis Potosi -- Mexico       San Marino -- San Marino       San Salvador [US Embassy] -- El Salvador       Santa Cruz -- Bolivia       Santa Cruz Islands -- Solomon Islands       Santiago [US Embassy] -- Chile       Santo Domingo [US Embassy] -- Dominican Republic       Sao Paulo [US Consulate General] -- Brazil       Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo, Penedos de -- Brazil       Sao Tome -- Sao Tome and Principe       Sapporo [US Consulate General] -- Japan       Sapudi Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Sarajevo [US Embassy] -- Bosnia and Herzegovina       Sarawak -- Malaysia       Sardinia -- Italy       Sargasso Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Sark -- Guernsey       Scotia Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Scotland -- United Kingdom       Scott Island -- Antarctica       Senyavin Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of       Seoul [US Embassy] -- Korea, South       Serbia -- Serbia and Montenegro       Serrana Bank -- Colombia       Serranilla Bank -- Colombia       Settlement, The -- Christmas Island       Severnaya Zemlya (Northland) -- Russia       Shag Island -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands       Shag Rocks -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)       Shanghai [US Consulate General] -- China       Shenyang [US Consulate General] -- China       Shetland Islands -- United Kingdom       Shikoku -- Japan       Shikotan (Shikotan-to) -- Japan       Siam -- Thailand       Sibutu Passage -- Pacific Ocean       Sicily -- Italy       Sicily, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Sikkim -- India       Sinai -- Egypt       Singapore [US Embassy] -- Singapore       Singapore Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Sinkiang (Xinjiang) -- China       Sint Eustatius -- Netherlands Antilles       Sint Maarten (Saint Martin) -- Netherlands Antilles       Skagerrak -- Atlantic Ocean       Skopje [US Liaison Office] -- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav --    Republic of       Society Islands (Iles de la Societe) -- French Polynesia       Socotra -- Yemen       Sofia [US Embassy] -- Bulgaria       Solomon Islands, northern -- Papua New Guinea       Solomon Islands, southern -- Solomon Islands       Solomon Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Songkhla [US Consulate] -- Thailand       Sound, The (Oresund) -- Atlantic Ocean       South Atlantic Ocean -- Atlantic Ocean       South China Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Southern Grenadines -- Grenada       Southern Rhodesia -- Zimbabwe       South Georgia -- South Georgia and the South Sandwich -- Islands       South Island -- New Zealand       South Korea -- Korea, South       South Orkney Islands -- Antarctica       South Pacific Ocean -- Pacific Ocean       South Sandwich Islands -- South Georgia and the South Sandwich --    Islands       South Shetland Islands -- Antarctica       South Tyrol -- Italy       South Vietnam -- Vietnam       South-West Africa -- Namibia       South Yemen (People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen)       Soviet Union [the former] -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, -- Estonia,    Georgia, Kazakhstan, -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova,    Russia, Tajikistan, -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       Spanish Guinea -- Equatorial Guinea       Spanish Sahara -- Western Sahara       Spitsbergen -- Svalbard       Stanley -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)       Stockholm [US Embassy] -- Sweden       Strasbourg [US Consulate General] -- France       Stuttgart [US Consulate General] -- Germany       Sucre -- Bolivia       Suez, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean       Sulu Archipelago -- Philippines       Sulu Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Sumatra -- Indonesia       Sumba -- Indonesia       Sunda Islands (Soenda Isles) -- Indonesia; Malaysia       Sunda Strait -- Indian Ocean       Surabaya [US Consulate General] -- Indonesia       Surigao Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Surinam -- Suriname       Suva [US Embassy] -- Fiji       Swains Island -- American Samoa       Swan Islands -- Honduras       Sydney [US Consulate General] -- Australia       T             Tahiti -- French Polynesia             Taipei -- Taiwan             Taiwan Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Tallinn [US Embassy] -- Estonia             Tanganyika -- Tanzania             Tangier -- Morocco             Tarawa -- Kiribati             Tartar Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Tashkent [US Embassy] -- Uzbekistan             Tasmania -- Australia             Tasman Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Taymyr Peninsula (Poluostrov Taymyra) -- Russia             T'bilisi [US Embassy] -- Georgia             Tegucigalpa [US Embassy] -- Honduras             Tehran [US post not maintained; -- Iran representation by Swiss          Embassy]             Tel Aviv [US Embassy] -- Israel             Terre Adelie (Adelie Land) -- Antarctica [claimed by France]             Thailand, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Thessaloniki [US Consulate General] -- Greece             Thimphu -- Bhutan             Thurston Island -- Antarctica             Tibet (Xizang) -- China             Tibilisi (see T'bilisi) -- Georgia             Tierra del Fuego -- Argentina; Chile             Tijuana [US Consulate General] -- Mexico             Timor -- Indonesia             Timor Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Tinian -- Northern Mariana Islands             Tiran, Strait of -- Indian Ocean             Tirane [US Embassy] -- Albania             Tobago -- Trinidad and Tobago             Tokyo [US Embassy] -- Japan             Tonkin, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Toronto [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Torres Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Torshavn -- Faroe Islands             Toshkent (Tashkent) -- Uzbekistan             Transjordan -- Jordan             Transkei -- South Africa             Transylvania -- Romania             Trindade, Ilha de -- Brazil             Tripoli [US post not maintained; -- Libya representation by          Belgian Embassy]             Tristan da Cunha Group -- Saint Helena             Trobriand Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Trucial States -- United Arab Emirates             Truk Islands -- Micronesia             Tsugaru Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Tuamotu Islands (Iles Tuamotu) -- French Polynesia             Tubuai Islands (Iles Tubuai) -- French Polynesia             Tunis [US Embassy] -- Tunisia             Turin -- Italy             Turkish Straits -- Atlantic Ocean             Turkmeniya -- Turkmenistan             Turks Island Passage -- Atlantic Ocean             Tyrol, South -- Italy             Tyrrhenian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       U             Udorn (Udon Thani) [US Consulate] -- Thailand             Ulaanbaatar [US Embassy] -- Mongolia             Ullung-do -- Korea, South             Unimak Pass [strait] -- Pacific Ocean             Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,          [the former USSR] -- Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,       -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, --    Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       United Arab Republic -- Egypt; Syria       Upper Volta -- Burkina       USSR [the former] -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, -- Estonia,    Georgia, Kazakhstan, -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova,    Russia, Tajikistan, -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       V             Vaduz [US post not maintained; -- Liechtenstein representation          from Zurich, Switzerland]             Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor) -- Afghanistan             Valletta [US Embassy] -- Malta             Valley, The -- Anguilla             Vancouver [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Vancouver Island -- Canada             Van Diemen Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Vatican City [US Embassy] -- Holy See             Velez de la Gomera, Penon de -- Spain             Venda -- South Africa             Verde Island Passage -- Pacific Ocean             Victoria -- Hong Kong             Victoria [US Embassy] -- Seychelles             Vienna [US Embassy, US Mission to -- Austria International          Organizations in Vienna (UNVIE)]             Vientiane [US Embassy] -- Laos             Vilnius [US Embassy] -- Lithuania             Vladivostok [US Consulate General] -- Russia             Volcano Islands -- Japan             Vostok Island -- Kiribati             Vrangelya, Ostrov (Wrangel Island) -- Russia       W             Wakhan Corridor (now Vakhan) -- Afghanistan             Wales -- United Kingdom             Walvis Bay -- Namibia             Warsaw [US Embassy] -- Poland             Washington, DC [The Permanent Mission of the US to the          Organization of American States (OAS)] -- United States             Weddell Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Wellington [US Embassy] -- New Zealand             Western Channel (West Korea Strait) -- Pacific Ocean             West Germany (Federal Republic of -- Germany Germany)             West Island -- Cocos (Keeling)       -- Islands       West Korea Strait (Western Channel) -- Pacific Ocean       West Pakistan -- Pakistan       Wetar Strait -- Pacific Ocean       White Sea -- Arctic Ocean       Willemstad -- Netherlands Antilles       Windhoek [US Embassy] -- Namibia       Windward Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya) -- Russia [de facto]       Y             Yamoussoukro -- Cote d'Ivoire             Yangon (Rangoon) -- Burma             Yaounde [US Embassy] -- Cameroon             Yap Islands -- Micronesia             Yaren -- Nauru             Yekaterinburg [US Consulate General] -- Russia             Yellow Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Yemen (Aden) [People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen]             Yemen Arab Republic -- Yemen             Yemen, North [Yemen Arab Republic] -- Yemen             Yemen (Sanaa) [Yemen Arab Republic] -- Yemen             Yemen, People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of             Yemen, South [People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen]             Yerevan [US Embassy] -- Armenia             Youth, Isle of (Isla de la Juventud) Cuba             Yucatan Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Yugoslavia [the former] -- Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; --          Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav       -- Republic of; Serbia and Montenegro; -- and Slovenia       Z             Zagreb [US Embassy] -- Croatia             Zanzibar -- Tanzania             Zurich [US Consulate General] -- Switzerland
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Appendix H       Cross-Reference List of Geographic Items       This list indicates where various geographic items - including the    location of all United States Foreign Service Posts, alternate names    of countries, former names, and political or geographical portions of    larger entities - can be found in The World Factbook. Spellings are    normally, but not always, those approved by the United States Board on    Geographic Names (BGN). Alternate names are included in parentheses;    additional information is included in brackets.       Name -- Entry in The World Factbook       A             Abidjan [US Embassy] -- Cote d'Ivoire             Abu Dhabi [US Embassy] -- United Arab Emirates             Abuja [US Embassy Branch Office] -- Nigeria             Acapulco [US Consular Agency] -- Mexico             Accra [US Embassy] -- Ghana             Adamstown -- Pitcairn Islands             Adana [US Consulate] -- Turkey             Addis Ababa [US Embassy] -- Ethiopia             Adelie Land (Terre Adelie) -- Antarctica [claimed by France]             Aden -- Yemen             Aden, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean             Admiralty Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Adriatic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Aegean Islands -- Greece             Aegean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Afars and Issas, French Territory -- Djibouti of the (F.T.A.I.)             Agalega Islands -- Mauritius             Agana -- Guam             Aland Islands -- Finland             Alaska -- United States             Alaska, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Aldabra Islands -- Seychelles             Alderney -- Guernsey             Aleutian Islands -- United States             Alexander Island -- Antarctica             Alexandria -- Egypt             Algiers [US Embassy] -- Algeria             Alhucemas, Penon de -- Spain             Alma-Ata (see Almaty) -- Kazakhstan             Almaty (Alma-Ata) [US Embassy] -- Kazakhstan             Alofi -- Niue             Alphonse Island -- Seychelles             Amami Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Amindivi Islands -- India             Amirante Isles -- Seychelles             Amman [US Embassy] -- Jordan             Amsterdam [US Consulate General] -- Netherlands             Amsterdam Island (Ile Amsterdam) -- French Southern and Antarctic          Lands             Amundsen Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Amur -- China; Russia             Andaman Islands -- India             Andaman Sea -- Indian Ocean             Andorra la Vella -- Andorra             Anegada Passage -- Atlantic Ocean             Anglo-Egyptian Sudan -- Sudan             Anjouan -- Comoros             Ankara [US Embassy] -- Turkey             Annobon -- Equatorial Guinea             Antananarivo [US Embassy] -- Madagascar             Antipodes Islands -- New Zealand             Antwerp [European Logistical -- Belgium Support Office]             Aozou Strip -- Chad             Apia [US Embassy] -- Western Samoa             Aqaba, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean             Arabian Sea -- Indian Ocean             Arafura Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Argun -- China; Russia             Ascension Island -- Saint Helena             Ashgabat [US Embassy] -- Turkmenistan             Ashkhabad (see Ashgabat) -- Turkmenistan             Asmara [US Embassy] -- Eritrea             Asmera (see Asmara) -- Eritrea             Assumption Island -- Seychelles             Asuncion [US Embassy] -- Paraguay             Asuncion Island -- Northern Mariana Islands             Atacama -- Chile             Athens [US Embassy] -- Greece             Attu -- United States             Auckland [US Consulate General] -- New Zealand             Auckland Islands -- New Zealand             Australes Iles (Iles Tubuai) -- French Polynesia             Avarua -- Cook Islands             Axel Heiberg Island -- Canada             Azores -- Portugal             Azov, Sea of -- Atlantic Ocean       B             Bab el Mandeb -- Indian Ocean             Babuyan Channel -- Pacific Ocean             Babuyan Islands -- Philippines             Baffin Bay -- Arctic Ocean             Baffin Island -- Canada             Baghdad [US Embassy temporarily -- Iraq suspended; US Interests          Section located in Poland's embassy in Baghdad]             Baki (Baku) -- Azerbaijan             Baku [US Embassy] -- Azerbaijan             Baky (Baku) -- Azerbaijan             Balabac Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Balearic Islands -- Spain             Balearic Sea (Iberian Sea) -- Atlantic Ocean             Bali Sea -- Indian Ocean             Balintang Channel -- Pacific Ocean             Balintang Islands -- Philippines             Balleny Islands -- Antarctica             Balochistan -- Pakistan             Baltic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Bamako [US Embassy] -- Mali             Banaba (Ocean Island) -- Kiribati             Bandar Seri Begawan [US Embassy] -- Brunei             Banda Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Bangkok [US Embassy] -- Thailand             Bangui [US Embassy] -- Central African Republic             Banjul [US Embassy] -- Gambia, The             Banks Island -- Canada             Banks Islands (Iles Banks) -- Vanuatu             Barcelona [US Consulate General] -- Spain             Barents Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Barranquilla [US Consulate] -- Colombia             Bashi Channel -- Pacific Ocean             Basilan Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Bass Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Basse-Terre -- Guadeloupe             Basseterre -- Saint Kitts and Nevis             Basutoland -- Lesotho             Batan Islands -- Philippines             Bavaria (Bayern) -- Germany             Beagle Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Bear Island (Bjornoya) -- Svalbard             Beaufort Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Bechuanaland -- Botswana             Beijing [US Embassy] -- China             Beirut [US Embassy] -- Lebanon             Belau -- Palau             Belem [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil             Belep Islands (Iles Belep) -- New Caledonia             Belfast [US Consulate General] -- United Kingdom             Belgian Congo -- Zaire             Belgrade [US Embassy; US does not -- Serbia and Montenegro          maintain full diplomatic relations with Serbia and Montenegro]             Belize City [US Embassy] -- Belize             Belle Isle, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bellingshausen Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Belmopan -- Belize             Belorussia -- Belarus             Bengal, Bay of -- Indian Ocean             Bering Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Bering Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Berkner Island -- Antarctica             Berlin [US Branch Office] -- Germany             Berlin, East -- Germany             Berlin, West -- Germany             Bern [US Embassy] -- Switzerland             Bessarabia -- Romania; Moldova             Bijagos, Arquipelago dos -- Guinea-Bissau             Bikini Atoll -- Marshall Islands             Bilbao [US Consulate] -- Spain             Bioko -- Equatorial Guinea             Biscay, Bay of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bishkek [US Embassy] -- Kyrgyzstan             Bishop Rock -- United Kingdom             Bismarck Archipelago -- Papua New Guinea             Bismarck Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Bissau [US Embassy] -- Guinea-Bissau             Bjornoya (Bear Island) -- Svalbard             Black Rock -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)             Black Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Bloemfontein -- South Africa             Boa Vista -- Cape Verde             Bogota [US Embassy] -- Colombia             Bombay [US Consulate General] -- India             Bonaire -- Netherlands Antilles             Bonifacio, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bonin Islands -- Japan             Bonn [US Embassy] -- Germany             Bophuthatswana -- South Africa             Bora-Bora -- French Polynesia             Bordeaux [US Consulate General] -- France             Borneo -- Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia             Bornholm -- Denmark             Bosporus -- Atlantic Ocean             Bothnia, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean             Bougainville Island -- Papua New Guinea             Bougainville Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Bounty Islands -- New Zealand             Brasilia [US Embassy] -- Brazil             Bratislava [US Embassy] -- Slovakia             Brazzaville [US Embassy] -- Congo             Bridgetown [US Embassy] -- Barbados             Brisbane [US Consulate] -- Australia             British East Africa -- Kenya             British Guiana -- Guyana             British Honduras -- Belize             British Solomon Islands -- Solomon Islands             British Somaliland -- Somalia             Brussels [US Embassy, US Mission -- Belgium to European Union          (USEU), US Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization          (USNATO)]             Bucharest [US Embassy] -- Romania             Budapest [US Embassy] -- Hungary             Buenos Aires [US Embassy] -- Argentina             Bujumbura [US Embassy] -- Burundi             Burnt Pine -- Norfolk Island             Byelorussia -- Belarus       C             Cabinda -- Angola             Cabot Strait -- Atlantic Ocean             Caicos Islands -- Turks and Caicos Islands             Cairo [US Embassy] -- Egypt             Calcutta [US Consulate General] -- India             Calgary [US Consulate General] -- Canada             California, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Campbell Island -- New Zealand             Canal Zone -- Panama             Canary Islands -- Spain             Canberra [US Embassy] -- Australia             Canton (Guangzhou) -- China             Canton Island (Kanton Island) -- Kiribati             Cape Town [US Consulate General] -- South Africa             Caracas [US Embassy] -- Venezuela             Cargados Carajos Shoals -- Mauritius             Caroline Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of;       -- Palau       Caribbean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Carpentaria, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean       Casablanca [US Consulate General] -- Morocco       Castries -- Saint Lucia       Cato Island -- Australia       Cayenne -- French Guiana       Cebu [US Consulate] -- Philippines       Celebes -- Indonesia       Celebes Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Celtic Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Central African Empire -- Central African Republic       Ceuta -- Spain       Ceylon -- Sri Lanka       Chafarinas, Islas -- Spain       Chagos Archipelago (Oil Islands) -- British Indian Ocean Territory       Channel Islands -- Guernsey; Jersey       Charlotte Amalie -- Virgin Islands       Chatham Islands -- New Zealand       Cheju-do -- Korea, South       Cheju Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Chengdu [US Consulate General] -- China       Chesterfield Islands -- New Caledonia (Iles Chesterfield)       Chiang Mai [US Consulate General] -- Thailand       Chihli, Gulf of (see Bo Hai) -- Pacific Ocean       China, People's Republic of -- China       China, Republic of -- Taiwan       Chisinau [US Embassy] -- Moldova       Choiseul -- Solomon Islands       Christmas Island [Indian Ocean] -- Australia       Christmas Island [Pacific Ocean] -- Kiribati (Kiritimati)       Chukchi Sea -- Arctic Ocean       Ciskei -- South Africa       Ciudad Juarez [US Consulate General] -- Mexico       Cluj-Napoca [US Branch Office] -- Romania       Coco, Isla del -- Costa Rica       Cocos Islands -- Cocos (Keeling) Islands       Colombo [US Embassy] -- Sri Lanka       Colon, Archipielago de -- Ecuador (Galapagos Islands)       Commander Islands -- Russia (Komandorskiye Ostrova)       Conakry [US Embassy] -- Guinea       Congo (Brazzaville) -- Congo       Congo (Kinshasa) -- Zaire       Congo (Leopoldville) -- Zaire       Con Son Islands -- Vietnam       Cook Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Copenhagen [US Embassy] -- Denmark       Coral Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Corn Islands (Islas del Maiz) -- Nicaragua       Corsica -- France       Cosmoledo Group -- Seychelles       Cotonou [US Embassy] -- Benin       Crete -- Greece       Crooked Island Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Crozet Islands (Iles Crozet) -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands       Curacao [US Consulate General] -- Netherlands Antilles       Czechoslovakia -- Czech Republic; Slovakia       D             Dahomey -- Benin             Daito Islands -- Japan             Dakar [US Embassy] -- Senegal             Daman (Damao) -- India             Damascus [US Embassy] -- Syria             Danger Atoll -- Cook Islands             Danish Straits -- Atlantic Ocean             Danzig (Gdansk) -- Poland             Dao Bach Long Vi -- Vietnam             Dardanelles -- Atlantic Ocean             Dar es Salaam [US Embassy] -- Tanzania             Davis Strait -- Atlantic Ocean             Deception Island -- Antarctica             Denmark Strait -- Atlantic Ocean             D'Entrecasteaux Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Devon Island -- Canada             Dhahran [US Consulate General] -- Saudi Arabia             Dhaka [US Embassy] -- Bangladesh             Diego Garcia -- British Indian Ocean Territory             Diego Ramirez -- Chile             Diomede Islands -- Russia [Big Diomede]; United States       -- [Little Diomede]       Diu -- India       Djibouti [US Embassy] -- Djibouti       Dodecanese -- Greece       Dodoma -- Tanzania       Doha [US Embassy] -- Qatar       Douala -- Cameroon       Douglas -- Man, Isle of       Dover, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Drake Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Dubai (see Dubayy) -- United Arab Emirates       Dubayy [US Consulate General] -- United Arab Emirates       Dublin [US Embassy] -- Ireland       Durban [US Consulate General] -- South Africa       Dushanbe [US Embassy] -- Tajikistan       Dutch East Indies -- Indonesia       Dutch Guiana -- Suriname       E             East China Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) -- Chile             Eastern Channel (East Korea Strait -- Pacific Ocean or Tsushima          Strait)             East Germany (German Democratic -- Germany Republic)             East Korea Strait (Eastern Channel -- Pacific Ocean or Tsushima          Strait)             East Pakistan -- Bangladesh             East Siberian Sea -- Arctic Ocean             East Timor (Portuguese Timor) -- Indonesia             Edinburgh [US Consulate General] -- United Kingdom             Elba -- Italy             Ellef Ringnes Island -- Canada             Ellesmere Island -- Canada             Ellice Islands -- Tuvalu             Elobey, Islas de -- Equatorial Guinea             Enderbury Island -- Kiribati             Enewetak Atoll (Eniwetok Atoll) -- Marshall Islands             England -- United Kingdom             English Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Eniwetok Atoll -- Marshall Islands             Epirus, Northern -- Albania; Greece             Essequibo [claimed by Venezuela] -- Guyana             Etorofu -- Russia [de facto]       F             Farquhar Group -- Seychelles             Fernando de Noronha -- Brazil             Fernando Po (Bioko) -- Equatorial Guinea             Finland, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean             Florence [US Consulate General] -- Italy             Florida, Straits of -- Atlantic Ocean             Formosa -- Taiwan             Formosa Strait (Taiwan Strait) -- Pacific Ocean             Fortaleza [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil             Fort-de-France -- Martinique             Frankfurt am Main [US -- Germany Consulate General]             Franz Josef Land -- Russia             Freetown [US Embassy] -- Sierra Leone             French Cameroon -- Cameroon             French Indochina -- Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam             French Guinea -- Guinea             French Sudan -- Mali             French Territory of the Afars -- Djibouti and Issas (F.T.A.I.)             French Togo -- Togo             Friendly Islands -- Tonga             Frunze (Bishkek) -- Kyrgyzstan             Fukuoka [US Consulate] -- Japan             Funafuti -- Tuvalu             Fundy, Bay of -- Atlantic Ocean             Futuna Islands (Hoorn Islands) -- Wallis and Futuna       G             Gaborone [US Embassy] -- Botswana             Galapagos Islands (Archipielago -- Ecuador de Colon)             Galleons Passage -- Atlantic Ocean             Gambier Islands (Iles Gambier) -- French Polynesia             Gaspar Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Geneva [Branch Office of the -- Switzerland US Embassy, US Mission          to European Office of the UN and Other International          Organizations]             Genoa -- Italy             George Town [US Consular Agency] -- Cayman Islands             Georgetown [US Embassy] -- Guyana             German Democratic Republic -- Germany (East Germany)             Gibraltar -- Gibraltar             Gibraltar, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Gilbert Islands -- Kiribati             Goa -- India             Gold Coast -- Ghana             Golan Heights -- Syria             Good Hope, Cape of -- South Africa             Goteborg -- Sweden             Gotland -- Sweden             Gough Island -- Saint Helena             Grand Banks -- Atlantic Ocean             Grand Cayman -- Cayman Islands             Grand Turk -- Turks and Caicos Islands             Great Australian Bight -- Indian Ocean             Great Belt (Store Baelt) -- Atlantic Ocean             Great Britain -- United Kingdom             Great Channel -- Indian Ocean             Greater Sunda Islands -- Brunei; Indonesia; Malaysia             Green Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Greenland Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Grenadines, Northern -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines             Grenadines, Southern -- Grenada             Grytviken -- Georgia             Guadalajara [US Consulate General] -- Mexico             Guadalcanal -- Solomon Islands             Guadalupe, Isla de -- Mexico             Guangzhou [US Consulate General] -- China             Guantanamo Bay [US Naval Base] -- Cuba             Guatemala [US Embassy] -- Guatemala             Gubal, Strait of -- Indian Ocean             Guinea, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean             Guayaquil [US Consulate General] -- Ecuador       H             Ha'apai Group -- Tonga             Habomai Islands -- Russia [de facto]             Hague, The [US Embassy] -- Netherlands             Hainan Dao -- China             Halifax [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Halmahera -- Indonesia             Hamburg [US Consulate General] -- Germany             Hamilton [US Consulate General] -- Bermuda             Hanoi [US Liaison Office] -- Vietnam             Harare [US Embassy] -- Zimbabwe             Hatay -- Turkey             Havana [US post not maintained; -- Cuba representation by US          Interests Section (USINT) of the Swiss Embassy]             Hawaii -- United States             Heard Island -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands             Helsinki [US Embassy] -- Finland             Hermosillo [US Consulate] -- Mexico             Hispaniola -- Dominican Republic; Haiti             Hokkaido -- Japan             Hong Kong [US Consulate General] -- Hong Kong             Honiara -- Solomon Islands             Honshu -- Japan             Hormuz, Strait of -- Indian Ocean             Horn, Cape (Cabo de Hornos) -- Chile             Horne, Iles de -- Wallis and Futuna             Horn of Africa -- Ethiopia; Somalia             Hudson Bay -- Arctic Ocean             Hudson Strait -- Arctic Ocean       I             Inaccessible Island -- Saint Helena             Indochina -- Cambodia; Laos; Vietnam             Inner Mongolia (Nei Mongol) -- China             Ionian Islands -- Greece             Ionian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Irian Jaya -- Indonesia             Irish Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Islamabad [US Embassy] -- Pakistan             Islas Malvinas -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)             Istanbul [US Consulate General] -- Turkey             Italian Somaliland -- Somalia             Ivory Coast -- Cote d'Ivoire             Iwo Jima -- Japan       J             Jakarta [US Embassy] -- Indonesia             Jamestown -- Saint Helena             Japan, Sea of -- Pacific Ocean             Java -- Indonesia             Java Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Jeddah (see Jiddah) -- Saudi Arabia             Jerusalem [US Consulate General] -- Israel; West Bank             Jiddah [US Consulate General] -- Saudi Arabia             Johannesburg [US Consulate General] -- South Africa             Juan de Fuca, Strait of -- Pacific Ocean             Juan Fernandez, Isla de -- Chile             Juventud, Isla de la (Isle of Youth) -- Cuba       K             Kabul [US Embassy now closed] -- Afghanistan             Kaduna [US Consulate General] -- Nigeria             Kalimantan -- Indonesia             Kamchatka Peninsula -- Russia (Poluostrov Kamchatka)             Kampala [US Embassy] -- Uganda             Kampuchea -- Cambodia             Kanton Island -- Kiribati Karachi [US Consulate General]       -- Pakistan       Kara Sea -- Arctic Ocean       Karimata Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Kathmandu [US Embassy] -- Nepal       Kattegat -- Atlantic Ocean       Kauai Channel -- Pacific Ocean       Keeling Islands -- Cocos (Keeling) Islands       Kerguelen, Iles -- French Southern and Antarctic Lands       Kermadec Islands -- New Zealand       Khabarovsk -- Russia       Khartoum [US Embassy] -- Sudan       Khmer Republic -- Cambodia       Khuriya Muriya Islands (Kuria -- Oman Muria Islands)       Khyber Pass -- Pakistan       Kiel Canal (Nord-Ostsee Kanal) -- Atlantic Ocean       Kiev [US Embassy] -- Ukraine       Kigali [US Embassy] -- Rwanda       Kingston [US Embassy] -- Jamaica       Kingston -- Norfolk Island       Kingstown -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines       Kinshasa [US Embassy] -- Zaire       Kirghiziya -- Kyrgyzstan       Kiritimati (Christmas Island) -- Kiribati       Kishinev (Chisinau) -- Moldova       Kithira Strait -- Atlantic Ocean       Kodiak Island -- United States       Kola Peninsula (Kol'skiy Poluostrov) -- Russia       Kolonia [US Embassy] -- Micronesia, Federated States of       Korea Bay -- Pacific Ocean       Korea, Democratic People's -- Korea, North Republic of       Korea, Republic of -- Korea, South       Korea Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Koror [US Liaison Office] -- Palau       Kosovo -- Serbia and Montenegro       Kowloon -- Hong Kong       Krakow [US Consulate General] -- Poland       Kuala Lumpur [US Embassy] -- Malaysia       Kunashiri (Kunashir) -- Russia [de facto]       Kuril Islands -- Russia [de facto]       Kuwait [US Embassy] -- Kuwait       Kwajalein Atoll -- Marshall Islands       Kyushu -- Japan       Kyyiv (Kiev) -- Ukraine       L             Labrador -- Canada             Laccadive Islands -- India             Laccadive Sea -- Indian Ocean             Lagos [US Embassy] -- Nigeria             Lahore [US Consulate General] -- Pakistan             Lakshadweep -- India             La Paz [US Embassy] -- Bolivia             La Perouse Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Laptev Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Las Palmas -- Spain             Lau Group -- Fiji             Lefkosa (Nicosia) -- Cyprus             Leipzig [US Consulate General] -- Germany             Leningrad (see Saint Petersburg) -- Russia             Lesser Sunda Islands -- Indonesia             Leyte -- Philippines             Liancourt Rocks [claimed by Japan] -- Korea, South             Libreville [US Embassy] -- Gabon             Ligurian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Lilongwe [US Embassy] -- Malawi             Lima [US Embassy] -- Peru             Lincoln Sea -- Arctic Ocean             Line Islands -- Kiribati; Palmyra Atoll             Lisbon [US Embassy] -- Portugal             Ljubljana [US Embassy] -- Slovenia             Lobamba -- Swaziland             Lombok Strait -- Indian Ocean             Lome [US Embassy] -- Togo             London [US Embassy] -- United Kingdom             Longyearbyen -- Svalbard             Lord Howe Island -- Australia             Louisiade Archipelago -- Papua New Guinea             Loyalty Islands (Iles Loyaute) -- New Caledonia             Luanda [US Embassy] -- Angola             Lubumbashi -- Zaire             Lusaka [US Embassy] -- Zambia             Luxembourg [US Embassy] -- Luxembourg             Luzon -- Philippines             Luzon Strait -- Pacific Ocean       M             Macao -- Macau             Macau -- Macau             Macedonia -- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav       -- Republic of       Macquarie Island -- Australia       Madeira Islands -- Portugal       Madras [US Consulate General] -- India       Madrid [US Embassy] -- Spain       Magellan, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Maghreb -- Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, -- Tunisia       Mahe Island -- Seychelles       Maiz, Islas del (Corn Islands) -- Nicaragua       Majorca (Mallorca) -- Spain       Majuro [US Embassy] -- Marshall Islands       Makassar Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Malabo [US Embassy] -- Equatorial Guinea       Malacca, Strait of -- Indian Ocean       Malagasy Republic -- Madagascar       Male [US Consular Agency] -- Maldives       Mallorca (Majorca) -- Spain       Malpelo, Isla de -- Colombia       Malta Channel -- Atlantic Ocean       Malvinas, Islas -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)       Mamoutzou -- Mayotte       Managua [US Embassy] -- Nicaragua       Manama [US Embassy] -- Bahrain       Manaus [US Consular Agency] -- Brazil       Manchukuo -- China       Manchuria -- China       Manila [US Embassy] -- Philippines       Manipa Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Mannar, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean       Manua Islands -- American Samoa       Maputo [US Embassy] -- Mozambique       Marcus Island (Minami-tori-shima) -- Japan       Mariana Islands -- Guam; Northern Mariana Islands       Marion Island -- South Africa       Marmara, Sea of -- Atlantic Ocean       Marquesas Islands (Iles Marquises) -- French Polynesia       Marseille [US Consulate General] -- France       Martin Vaz, Ilhas -- Brazil       Mas a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe -- Chile Island)       Mascarene Islands -- Mauritius; Reunion       Maseru [US Embassy] -- Lesotho       Matamoros [US Consulate] -- Mexico       Mata-Utu -- Wallis and Futuna       Mazatlan -- Mexico       Mbabane [US Embassy] -- Swaziland       McDonald Islands -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands       Medan [US Consulate General] -- Indonesia       Mediterranean Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Melbourne [US Consulate General] -- Australia       Melilla -- Spain       Merida [US Consulate] -- Mexico       Messina, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Mexico [US Embassy] -- Mexico       Mexico, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean       Milan [US Consulate General] -- Italy       Minami-tori-shima -- Japan       Mindanao -- Philippines       Mindoro Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Minicoy Island -- India       Minsk [US Embassy] -- Belarus       Mogadishu -- Somalia       Moldavia -- Moldova       Mombasa -- Kenya       Mona Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Monaco -- Monaco       Monrovia [US Embassy] -- Liberia       Montenegro -- Serbia and Montenegro       Monterrey [US Consulate General] -- Mexico       Montevideo [US Embassy] -- Uruguay       Montreal [US Consulate General, US -- Canada Mission to the    International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)]       Moravian Gate -- Czech Republic       Moroni -- Comoros       Mortlock Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of       Moscow [US Embassy] -- Russia       Mozambique Channel -- Indian Ocean       Munich [US Consulate General] -- Germany       Musandam Peninsula -- Oman; United Arab Emirates       Muscat [US Embassy] -- Oman       Muscat and Oman -- Oman       Myanma, Myanmar -- Burma       N             Nagoya [US Consulate] -- Japan             Naha [US Consulate General] -- Japan             Nairobi [US Embassy] -- Kenya             Nampo-shoto -- Japan             Naples [US Consulate General] -- Italy             Nassau [US Embassy] -- Bahamas, The             Natuna Besar Islands -- Indonesia             N'Djamena [US Embassy] -- Chad             Netherlands East Indies -- Indonesia             Netherlands Guiana -- Suriname             Nevis -- Saint Kitts and Nevis             New Delhi [US Embassy] -- India             Newfoundland -- Canada             New Guinea -- Indonesia; Papua New Guinea             New Hebrides -- Vanuatu             New Siberian Islands -- Russia             New Territories -- Hong Kong             New York, New York [US Mission to -- United States the United          Nations (USUN)]             Niamey [US Embassy] -- Niger             Nicobar Islands -- India             Nicosia [US Embassy] -- Cyprus             Nightingale Island -- Saint Helena             North Atlantic Ocean -- Atlantic Ocean             North Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Northeast Providence Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Northern Epirus -- Albania; Greece             Northern Grenadines -- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines             Northern Ireland -- United Kingdom             Northern Rhodesia -- Zambia             North Island -- New Zealand             North Korea -- Korea, North             North Pacific Ocean -- Pacific Ocean             North Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             North Vietnam -- Vietnam             Northwest Passages -- Arctic Ocean             North Yemen (Yemen Arab Republic) -- Yemen             Norwegian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Nouakchott [US Embassy] -- Mauritania             Noumea -- New Caledonia             Novaya Zemlya -- Russia             Nuku'alofa -- Tonga             Nuevo Laredo [US Consulate] -- Mexico             Nuuk (Godthab) -- Greenland             Nyasaland -- Malawi       O             Oahu -- United States             Ocean Island (Banaba) -- Kiribati             Ocean Island (Kure Island) -- United States             Ogaden -- Ethiopia; Somalia             Oil Islands (Chagos Archipelago) -- British Indian Ocean Territory             Okhotsk, Sea of -- Pacific Ocean             Okinawa -- Japan             Oman, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean             Ombai Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Oran -- Algeria             Oranjestad -- Aruba             Oresund (The Sound) -- Atlantic Ocean             Orkney Islands -- United Kingdom             Osaka-Kobe [US Consulate General] -- Japan             Oslo [US Embassy] -- Norway             Otranto, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean             Ottawa [US Embassy] -- Canada             Ouagadougou [US Embassy] -- Burkina             Outer Mongolia -- Mongolia       P             Pacific Islands, Trust Territory -- Palau of the             Pagan -- Northern Mariana Islands             Pago Pago -- American Samoa             Palawan -- Philippines             Palermo -- Italy             Palk Strait -- Indian Ocean             Pamirs -- China; Tajikistan             Panama [US Embassy] -- Panama             Panama Canal -- Panama             Panama, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Papeete -- French Polynesia             Paramaribo [US Embassy] -- Suriname             Parece Vela -- Japan             Paris [US Embassy, US Mission to the Organization for Economic          Cooperation and Development (OECD), US Observer Mission at the UN          Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)] --          France             Pascua, Isla de (Easter Island) -- Chile             Passion, Ile de la -- Clipperton Island             Pashtunistan -- Afghanistan; Pakistan             Peking (Beijing) -- China             Peleliu -- Palau             Pemba Island -- Tanzania             Pentland Firth -- Atlantic Ocean             Perim -- Yemen             Perouse Strait, La -- Pacific Ocean             Persian Gulf -- Indian Ocean             Perth [US Consulate General] -- Australia             Pescadores -- Taiwan             Peshawar [US Consulate] -- Pakistan             Peter I Island -- Antarctica             Philip Island -- Norfolk Island             Philippine Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Phnom Penh [US Embassy] -- Cambodia             Phoenix Islands -- Kiribati             Pines, Isle of (Isla de la Juventud) -- Cuba             Pleasant Island -- Nauru             Plymouth -- Montserrat             Ponape (Pohnpei) -- Micronesia             Ponta Delgada [US Consulate] -- Portugal             Port-au-Prince [US Embassy] -- Haiti             Port Louis [US Embassy] -- Mauritius             Port Moresby [US Embassy] -- Papua New Guinea             Porto Alegre [US Consulate] -- Brazil             Port-of-Spain [US Embassy] -- Trinidad and Tobago             Porto-Novo -- Benin             Portuguese Guinea -- Guinea-Bissau             Portuguese Timor (East Timor) -- Indonesia             Port-Vila -- Vanuatu             Poznan [US Consulate General] -- Poland             Prague [US Embassy] -- Czech Republic             Praia [US Embassy] -- Cape Verde             Pretoria [US Embassy] -- South Africa             Pribilof Islands -- United States             Prince Edward Island -- Canada             Prince Edward Islands -- South Africa             Prince Patrick Island -- Canada             Principe -- Sao Tome and Principe             Pusan [US Consulate] -- Korea, South             P'yongyang -- Korea, North       Q             Quebec [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Queen Charlotte Islands -- Canada             Queen Elizabeth Islands -- Canada             Queen Maud Land [claimed by Norway] -- Antarctica             Quito [US Embassy] -- Ecuador       R             Rabat [US Embassy] -- Morocco             Ralik Chain -- Marshall Islands             Rangoon [US Embassy] -- Burma             Ratak Chain -- Marshall Islands             Recife [US Consulate] -- Brazil             Redonda -- Antigua and Barbuda             Red Sea -- Indian Ocean             Revillagigedo Island -- United States             Revillagigedo Islands -- Mexico             Reykjavik [US Embassy] -- Iceland             Rhodes -- Greece             Rhodesia -- Zimbabwe             Rhodesia, Northern -- Zambia             Rhodesia, Southern -- Zimbabwe             Riga [US Embassy] -- Latvia             Rio de Janeiro [US Consulate -- Brazil General]             Rio de Oro -- Western Sahara             Rio Muni -- Equatorial Guinea             Riyadh [US Embassy] -- Saudi Arabia             Road Town -- British Virgin Islands             Robinson Crusoe Island (Mas -- Chile a Tierra)             Rocas, Atol das -- Brazil             Rockall [disputed] -- United Kingdom             Rodrigues -- Mauritius             Rome [US Embassy, US Mission to the UN Agencies for Food and          Agriculture (FODAG)] -- Italy             Roncador Cay -- Colombia             Roosevelt Island -- Antarctica             Roseau -- Dominica             Ross Dependency [claimed by -- Antarctica New Zealand]             Ross Island -- Antarctica             Ross Sea -- Antarctica             Rota -- Northern Mariana Islands             Rotuma -- Fiji             Ryukyu Islands -- Japan       S             Saba -- Netherlands Antilles             Sabah -- Malaysia             Sable Island -- Canada             Sahel -- Burkina, Cape Verde, Chad,       -- The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, -- Mauritania, Niger, Senegal       Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) -- Vietnam       Saint Brandon -- Mauritius       Saint Christopher and Nevis -- Saint Kitts and Nevis       Saint-Denis -- Reunion       Saint George's [US Embassy] -- Grenada       Saint George's Channel -- Atlantic Ocean       Saint Helier -- Jersey       Saint John's -- Antigua and Barbuda       Saint Lawrence, Gulf of -- Atlantic Ocean       Saint Lawrence Island -- United States       Saint Lawrence Seaway -- Atlantic Ocean       Saint Martin -- Guadeloupe       Saint Martin (Sint Maarten) -- Netherlands Antilles       Saint Paul Island -- Canada       Saint Paul Island -- United States       Saint Paul Island (Ile Saint-Paul) -- French Southern and Antarctic    Lands       Saint Peter and Saint Paul Rocks -- Brazil (Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao    Paulo)       Saint Peter Port -- Guernsey       Saint Petersburg [US Consulate -- Russia General]       Saint-Pierre -- Saint Pierre and Miquelon       Saint Vincent Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Saipan -- Northern Mariana Islands       Sakhalin Island (Ostrov Sakhalin) -- Russia       Sala y Gomez, Isla -- Chile       Salisbury (Harare) -- Zimbabwe       Salvador de Bahia [US Consular -- Brazil Agency]       Salzburg -- Austria       Sanaa [US Embassy] -- Yemen       San Ambrosio -- Chile       San Andres y Providencia, -- Colombia Archipielago       San Bernardino Strait -- Pacific Ocean       San Felix, Isla -- Chile       San Jose [US Embassy] -- Costa Rica       San Juan -- Puerto Rico       San Luis Potosi -- Mexico       San Marino -- San Marino       San Salvador [US Embassy] -- El Salvador       Santa Cruz -- Bolivia       Santa Cruz Islands -- Solomon Islands       Santiago [US Embassy] -- Chile       Santo Domingo [US Embassy] -- Dominican Republic       Sao Paulo [US Consulate General] -- Brazil       Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo, Penedos de -- Brazil       Sao Tome -- Sao Tome and Principe       Sapporo [US Consulate General] -- Japan       Sapudi Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Sarajevo [US Embassy] -- Bosnia and Herzegovina       Sarawak -- Malaysia       Sardinia -- Italy       Sargasso Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Sark -- Guernsey       Scotia Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       Scotland -- United Kingdom       Scott Island -- Antarctica       Senyavin Islands -- Micronesia, Federated States of       Seoul [US Embassy] -- Korea, South       Serbia -- Serbia and Montenegro       Serrana Bank -- Colombia       Serranilla Bank -- Colombia       Settlement, The -- Christmas Island       Severnaya Zemlya (Northland) -- Russia       Shag Island -- Heard Island and McDonald Islands       Shag Rocks -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)       Shanghai [US Consulate General] -- China       Shenyang [US Consulate General] -- China       Shetland Islands -- United Kingdom       Shikoku -- Japan       Shikotan (Shikotan-to) -- Japan       Siam -- Thailand       Sibutu Passage -- Pacific Ocean       Sicily -- Italy       Sicily, Strait of -- Atlantic Ocean       Sikkim -- India       Sinai -- Egypt       Singapore [US Embassy] -- Singapore       Singapore Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Sinkiang (Xinjiang) -- China       Sint Eustatius -- Netherlands Antilles       Sint Maarten (Saint Martin) -- Netherlands Antilles       Skagerrak -- Atlantic Ocean       Skopje [US Liaison Office] -- Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav --    Republic of       Society Islands (Iles de la Societe) -- French Polynesia       Socotra -- Yemen       Sofia [US Embassy] -- Bulgaria       Solomon Islands, northern -- Papua New Guinea       Solomon Islands, southern -- Solomon Islands       Solomon Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Songkhla [US Consulate] -- Thailand       Sound, The (Oresund) -- Atlantic Ocean       South Atlantic Ocean -- Atlantic Ocean       South China Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Southern Grenadines -- Grenada       Southern Rhodesia -- Zimbabwe       South Georgia -- South Georgia and the South Sandwich -- Islands       South Island -- New Zealand       South Korea -- Korea, South       South Orkney Islands -- Antarctica       South Pacific Ocean -- Pacific Ocean       South Sandwich Islands -- South Georgia and the South Sandwich --    Islands       South Shetland Islands -- Antarctica       South Tyrol -- Italy       South Vietnam -- Vietnam       South-West Africa -- Namibia       South Yemen (People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen)       Soviet Union [the former] -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, -- Estonia,    Georgia, Kazakhstan, -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova,    Russia, Tajikistan, -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       Spanish Guinea -- Equatorial Guinea       Spanish Sahara -- Western Sahara       Spitsbergen -- Svalbard       Stanley -- Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)       Stockholm [US Embassy] -- Sweden       Strasbourg [US Consulate General] -- France       Stuttgart [US Consulate General] -- Germany       Sucre -- Bolivia       Suez, Gulf of -- Indian Ocean       Sulu Archipelago -- Philippines       Sulu Sea -- Pacific Ocean       Sumatra -- Indonesia       Sumba -- Indonesia       Sunda Islands (Soenda Isles) -- Indonesia; Malaysia       Sunda Strait -- Indian Ocean       Surabaya [US Consulate General] -- Indonesia       Surigao Strait -- Pacific Ocean       Surinam -- Suriname       Suva [US Embassy] -- Fiji       Swains Island -- American Samoa       Swan Islands -- Honduras       Sydney [US Consulate General] -- Australia       T             Tahiti -- French Polynesia             Taipei -- Taiwan             Taiwan Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Tallinn [US Embassy] -- Estonia             Tanganyika -- Tanzania             Tangier -- Morocco             Tarawa -- Kiribati             Tartar Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Tashkent [US Embassy] -- Uzbekistan             Tasmania -- Australia             Tasman Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Taymyr Peninsula (Poluostrov Taymyra) -- Russia             T'bilisi [US Embassy] -- Georgia             Tegucigalpa [US Embassy] -- Honduras             Tehran [US post not maintained; -- Iran representation by Swiss          Embassy]             Tel Aviv [US Embassy] -- Israel             Terre Adelie (Adelie Land) -- Antarctica [claimed by France]             Thailand, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Thessaloniki [US Consulate General] -- Greece             Thimphu -- Bhutan             Thurston Island -- Antarctica             Tibet (Xizang) -- China             Tibilisi (see T'bilisi) -- Georgia             Tierra del Fuego -- Argentina; Chile             Tijuana [US Consulate General] -- Mexico             Timor -- Indonesia             Timor Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Tinian -- Northern Mariana Islands             Tiran, Strait of -- Indian Ocean             Tirane [US Embassy] -- Albania             Tobago -- Trinidad and Tobago             Tokyo [US Embassy] -- Japan             Tonkin, Gulf of -- Pacific Ocean             Toronto [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Torres Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Torshavn -- Faroe Islands             Toshkent (Tashkent) -- Uzbekistan             Transjordan -- Jordan             Transkei -- South Africa             Transylvania -- Romania             Trindade, Ilha de -- Brazil             Tripoli [US post not maintained; -- Libya representation by          Belgian Embassy]             Tristan da Cunha Group -- Saint Helena             Trobriand Islands -- Papua New Guinea             Trucial States -- United Arab Emirates             Truk Islands -- Micronesia             Tsugaru Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Tuamotu Islands (Iles Tuamotu) -- French Polynesia             Tubuai Islands (Iles Tubuai) -- French Polynesia             Tunis [US Embassy] -- Tunisia             Turin -- Italy             Turkish Straits -- Atlantic Ocean             Turkmeniya -- Turkmenistan             Turks Island Passage -- Atlantic Ocean             Tyrol, South -- Italy             Tyrrhenian Sea -- Atlantic Ocean       U             Udorn (Udon Thani) [US Consulate] -- Thailand             Ulaanbaatar [US Embassy] -- Mongolia             Ullung-do -- Korea, South             Unimak Pass [strait] -- Pacific Ocean             Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus,          [the former USSR] -- Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan,       -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, --    Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       United Arab Republic -- Egypt; Syria       Upper Volta -- Burkina       USSR [the former] -- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, -- Estonia,    Georgia, Kazakhstan, -- Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, -- Moldova,    Russia, Tajikistan, -- Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       V             Vaduz [US post not maintained; -- Liechtenstein representation          from Zurich, Switzerland]             Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor) -- Afghanistan             Valletta [US Embassy] -- Malta             Valley, The -- Anguilla             Vancouver [US Consulate General] -- Canada             Vancouver Island -- Canada             Van Diemen Strait -- Pacific Ocean             Vatican City [US Embassy] -- Holy See             Velez de la Gomera, Penon de -- Spain             Venda -- South Africa             Verde Island Passage -- Pacific Ocean             Victoria -- Hong Kong             Victoria [US Embassy] -- Seychelles             Vienna [US Embassy, US Mission to -- Austria International          Organizations in Vienna (UNVIE)]             Vientiane [US Embassy] -- Laos             Vilnius [US Embassy] -- Lithuania             Vladivostok [US Consulate General] -- Russia             Volcano Islands -- Japan             Vostok Island -- Kiribati             Vrangelya, Ostrov (Wrangel Island) -- Russia       W             Wakhan Corridor (now Vakhan) -- Afghanistan             Wales -- United Kingdom             Walvis Bay -- Namibia             Warsaw [US Embassy] -- Poland             Washington, DC [The Permanent Mission of the US to the          Organization of American States (OAS)] -- United States             Weddell Sea -- Atlantic Ocean             Wellington [US Embassy] -- New Zealand             Western Channel (West Korea Strait) -- Pacific Ocean             West Germany (Federal Republic of -- Germany Germany)             West Island -- Cocos (Keeling)       -- Islands       West Korea Strait (Western Channel) -- Pacific Ocean       West Pakistan -- Pakistan       Wetar Strait -- Pacific Ocean       White Sea -- Arctic Ocean       Willemstad -- Netherlands Antilles       Windhoek [US Embassy] -- Namibia       Windward Passage -- Atlantic Ocean       Wrangel Island (Ostrov Vrangelya) -- Russia [de facto]       Y             Yamoussoukro -- Cote d'Ivoire             Yangon (Rangoon) -- Burma             Yaounde [US Embassy] -- Cameroon             Yap Islands -- Micronesia             Yaren -- Nauru             Yekaterinburg [US Consulate General] -- Russia             Yellow Sea -- Pacific Ocean             Yemen (Aden) [People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen]             Yemen Arab Republic -- Yemen             Yemen, North [Yemen Arab Republic] -- Yemen             Yemen (Sanaa) [Yemen Arab Republic] -- Yemen             Yemen, People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of             Yemen, South [People's Democratic -- Yemen Republic of Yemen]             Yerevan [US Embassy] -- Armenia             Youth, Isle of (Isla de la Juventud) Cuba             Yucatan Channel -- Atlantic Ocean             Yugoslavia [the former] -- Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; --          Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav       -- Republic of; Serbia and Montenegro; -- and Slovenia       Z             Zagreb [US Embassy] -- Croatia             Zanzibar -- Tanzania             Zurich [US Consulate General] -- Switzerland