Tay- Sachs : Dictionary / Wörterbuch (BEOLINGUS, TU Chemnitz)

taco sauce
n 1: spicy tomato-based sauce for tacos

English Dictionary: Tay- Sachs	by the DICT Development Group
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
tagasaste n shrub of Canary Islands having bristle-tipped oblanceolate leaves; used as cattle fodder Synonym(s): tagasaste, Chamaecytisus palmensis, Cytesis proliferus
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tajikistan n a landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia to the north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian soviet Synonym(s): Tajikistan, Republic of Tajikistan, Tadzhikistan, Tadzhik, Tadjik, Tajik
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tajikistani adj of or relating to or characteristic of Tajikistan or it people or culture
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tajikistani monetary unit n monetary unit in Tajikistan
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Takayasu's arteritis n disorder characterized by the absence of a pulse in both arms and in the carotid arteries Synonym(s): Takayasu's arteritis, pulseless disease
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
take a joke v listen to a joke at one's own expense; "Can't you take a joke?"
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
tax assessment n the value set on taxable property
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
tax assessor n an official who evaluates property for the purpose of taxing it Synonym(s): tax assessor, assessor
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Taxus cuspidata n shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States Synonym(s): Japanese yew, Taxus cuspidata
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tay-Sachs n a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occurring most frequently in individuals of Jewish descent in eastern Europe; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood Synonym(s): Tay-Sachs disease, Tay- Sachs, Sachs disease, infantile amaurotic idiocy
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tay-Sachs disease n a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occurring most frequently in individuals of Jewish descent in eastern Europe; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood Synonym(s): Tay-Sachs disease, Tay- Sachs, Sachs disease, infantile amaurotic idiocy
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tegucigalpa n the capital and largest city of Honduras [syn: Tegucigalpa, Honduran capital]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Texas chachalaca n of Mexico and Texas [syn: Texas chachalaca, {Ortilis vetula macalli}]
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
touch system n typewriting in which the fingers are trained to hit particular keys; typist can read and type at the same time Synonym(s): touch typing, touch system
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
toxic shock n syndrome resulting from a serious acute (sometimes fatal) infection associated with the presence of staphylococcus; characterized by fever and diarrhea and nausea and diffuse erythema and shock; occurs especially in menstruating women using highly absorbent tampons Synonym(s): toxic shock, toxic shock syndrome, TSS
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
toxic shock syndrome n syndrome resulting from a serious acute (sometimes fatal) infection associated with the presence of staphylococcus; characterized by fever and diarrhea and nausea and diffuse erythema and shock; occurs especially in menstruating women using highly absorbent tampons Synonym(s): toxic shock, toxic shock syndrome, TSS
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
toxic waste n poisonous waste materials; can cause injury (especially by chemical means) Synonym(s): toxic waste, toxic industrial waste
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
toxic waste area n a site where toxic wastes have been dumped and the Environmental Protection Agency has designated them to be cleaned up Synonym(s): toxic site, toxic waste area, Superfund site
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
toxic waste dump n a location where toxic wastes can be or have been disposed of (often illegally) Synonym(s): toxic waste dump, toxic waste site, toxic dumpsite
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
toxic waste site n a location where toxic wastes can be or have been disposed of (often illegally) Synonym(s): toxic waste dump, toxic waste site, toxic dumpsite
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
toxicognath n either of a pair of poison fangs in the modified front pair of legs of the centipede
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tsuga canadensis n common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood Synonym(s): eastern hemlock, Canadian hemlock, spruce pine, Tsuga canadensis
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Tsuga caroliniana n medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales Synonym(s): Carolina hemlock, Tsuga caroliniana
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
d8Tridacna \[d8]Tri*dac"na\, n. [L., pl., a kind of oysters, fr. Gr. [?] eaten at three bites, [?] tri- + [?] to bite.] (Zo[94]l.) A genus of very large marine bivalve shells found on the coral reefs of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. One species ({T. gigas}) often weighs four or five hundred pounds, and is sometimes used for baptismal fonts. Called also {paw shell}, and {fountain shell}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Giant \Gi"ant\, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son. {Giant cell}. (Anat.) See {Myeloplax}. {Giant clam} (Zo[94]l.), a bivalve shell of the genus {Tridacna}, esp. {T. gigas}, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water. {Giant heron} (Zo[94]l.), a very large African heron ({Ardeomega goliath}). It is the largest heron known. {Giant kettle}, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See {Pothole}. {Giant powder}. See {Nitroglycerin}. {Giant puffball} (Bot.), a fungus ({Lycoperdon giganteum}), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds. {Giant salamander} (Zo[94]l.), a very large aquatic salamander ({Megalobatrachus maximus}), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. {Giant squid} (Zo[94]l.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to {Architeuthis} and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Quail \Quail\, n. [OF. quaille, F. caille, LL. quaquila, qualia, qualea, of Dutch or German origin; cf. D. kwakkel, kwartel, OHG. wahtala, G. wachtel.] 1. (Zo[94]l.) Any gallinaceous bird belonging to {Coturnix} and several allied genera of the Old World, especially the common European quail ({C. communis}), the rain quail ({C. Coromandelica}) of India, the stubble quail ({C. pectoralis}), and the Australian swamp quail ({Synoicus australis}). 2. (Zo[94]l.) Any one of several American partridges belonging to {Colinus}, {Callipepla}, and allied genera, especially the bobwhite (called {Virginia quail}, and {Maryland quail}), and the California quail ({Calipepla Californica}). 3. (Zo[94]l.) Any one of numerous species of Turnix and allied genera, native of the Old World, as the Australian painted quail ({Turnix varius}). See {Turnix}. 4. A prostitute; -- so called because the quail was thought to be a very amorous bird.[Obs.] --Shak. {Bustard quail} (Zo[94]l.), a small Asiatic quail-like bird of the genus Turnix, as {T. taigoor}, a black-breasted species, and the hill bustard quail ({T. ocellatus}). See {Turnix}. {Button quail} (Zo[94]l.), one of several small Asiatic species of Turnix, as {T. Sykesii}, which is said to be the smallest game bird of India. {Mountain quail}. See under {Mountain}. {Quail call}, a call or pipe for alluring quails into a net or within range. {Quail dove} {(Zo[94]l.)}, any one of several American ground pigeons belonging to {Geotrygon} and allied genera. {Quail hawk} (Zo[94]l.), the New Zealand sparrow hawk ({Hieracidea Nov[91]-Hollandi[91]}). {Quail pipe}. See {Quail call}, above. {Quail snipe} (Zo[94]l.), the dowitcher, or red-breasted snipe; -- called also {robin snipe}, and {brown snipe}. {Sea quail} (Zo[94]l.), the turnstone. [Local, U. S.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Snow \Snow\, n. [OE. snow, snaw, AS. sn[be]w; akin to D. sneeuw, OS. & OHG. sn[emac]o, G. schnee, Icel. sn[ae]r, snj[omac]r, snaj[be]r, Sw. sn[94], Dan. snee, Goth. snaiws, Lith. sn[89]gas, Russ. snieg', Ir. & Gael. sneachd, W. nyf, L. nix, nivis, Gr. acc. ni`fa, also AS. sn[c6]wan to snow, G. schneien, OHG. sn[c6]wan, Lith. snigti, L. ningit it snows, Gr. ni`fei, Zend snizh to snow; cf. Skr. snih to be wet or sticky. [root]172.] 1. Watery particles congealed into white or transparent crystals or flakes in the air, and falling to the earth, exhibiting a great variety of very beautiful and perfect forms. Note: Snow is often used to form compounds, most of which are of obvious meaning; as, snow-capped, snow-clad, snow-cold, snow-crowned, snow-crust, snow-fed, snow-haired, snowlike, snow-mantled, snow-nodding, snow-wrought, and the like. 2. Fig.: Something white like snow, as the white color (argent) in heraldry; something which falls in, or as in, flakes. The field of snow with eagle of black therein. --Chaucer. {Red snow}. See under {Red}. {Snow bunting}. (Zo[94]l.) See {Snowbird}, 1. {Snow cock} (Zo[94]l.), the snow pheasant. {Snow flea} (Zo[94]l.), a small black leaping poduran ({Achorutes nivicola}) often found in winter on the snow in vast numbers. {Snow flood}, a flood from melted snow. {Snow flower} (Bot.), the fringe tree. {Snow fly}, [or] {Snow insect} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of neuropterous insects of the genus {Boreus}. The male has rudimentary wings; the female is wingless. These insects sometimes appear creeping and leaping on the snow in great numbers. {Snow gnat} (Zo[94]l.), any wingless dipterous insect of the genus {Chionea} found running on snow in winter. {Snow goose} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of arctic geese of the genus {Chen}. The common snow goose ({Chen hyperborea}), common in the Western United States in winter, is white, with the tips of the wings black and legs and bill red. Called also {white brant}, {wavey}, and {Texas goose}. The blue, or blue-winged, snow goose ({C. c[d2]rulescens}) is varied with grayish brown and bluish gray, with the wing quills black and the head and upper part of the neck white. Called also {white head}, {white-headed goose}, and {bald brant}. {Snow leopard} (Zool.), the ounce. {Snow line}, lowest limit of perpetual snow. In the Alps this is at an altitude of 9,000 feet, in the Andes, at the equator, 16,000 feet. {Snow mouse} (Zo[94]l.), a European vole ({Arvicola nivalis}) which inhabits the Alps and other high mountains. {Snow pheasant} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of large, handsome gallinaceous birds of the genus {Tetraogallus}, native of the lofty mountains of Asia. The Himalayn snow pheasant ({T. Himalayensis}) in the best-known species. Called also {snow cock}, and {snow chukor}. {Snow partridge}. (Zo[94]l.) See under {Partridge}. {Snow pigeon} (Zo[94]l.), a pigeon ({Columba leuconota}) native of the Himalaya mountains. Its back, neck, and rump are white, the top of the head and the ear coverts are black. {Snow plant} (Bot.), a fleshy parasitic herb ({Sarcodes sanguinea}) growing in the coniferous forests of California. It is all of a bright red color, and is fabled to grow from the snow, through which it sometimes shoots up.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Shake \Shake\, n. 1. The act or result of shaking; a vacillating or wavering motion; a rapid motion one way and other; a trembling, quaking, or shivering; agitation. The great soldier's honor was composed Of thicker stuff, which could endure a shake. --Herbert. Our salutations were very hearty on both sides, consisting of many kind shakes of the hand. --Addison. 2. A fissure or crack in timber, caused by its being dried too suddenly. --Gwilt. 3. A fissure in rock or earth. 4. (Mus.) A rapid alternation of a principal tone with another represented on the next degree of the staff above or below it; a trill. 5. (Naut.) One of the staves of a hogshead or barrel taken apart. --Totten. 6. A shook of staves and headings. --Knight. 7. (Zo[94]l.) The redshank; -- so called from the nodding of its head while on the ground. [Prov. Eng.] {No great shakes}, of no great importance. [Slang] --Byron. {The shakes}, the fever and ague. [Colloq. U.S.]
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Looking round on every side beheld A pathless desert. --Milton. 4. (a) One of the halves of the body, of an animals or man, on either side of the mesial plane; or that which pertains to such a half; as, a side of beef; a side of sole leather. (b) The right or left part of the wall or trunk of the body; as, a pain in the side. One of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side. --John xix. 34. 5. A slope or declivity, as of a hill, considered as opposed to another slope over the ridge. Along the side of yon small hill. --Milton. 6. The position of a person or party regarded as opposed to another person or party, whether as a rival or a foe; a body of advocates or partisans; a party; hence, the interest or cause which one maintains against another; a doctrine or view opposed to another. God on our side, doubt not of victory. --Shak. We have not always been of the . . . same side in politics. --Landor. Sets the passions on the side of truth. --Pope. 7. A line of descent traced through one parent as distinguished from that traced through another. To sit upon thy father David's throne, By mother's side thy father. --Milton. 8. Fig.: Aspect or part regarded as contrasted with some other; as, the bright side of poverty. {By the side of}, close at hand; near to. {Exterior side}. (Fort.) See {Exterior}, and Illust. of {Ravelin}. {Interior side} (Fort.), the line drawn from the center of one bastion to that of the next, or the line curtain produced to the two oblique radii in front. --H. L. Scott. {Side by side}, close together and abreast; in company or along with. {To choose sides}, to select those who shall compete, as in a game, on either side. {To take sides}, to attach one's self to, or give assistance to, one of two opposing sides or parties.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Choose \Choose\, v. t. [imp. {Chose}; p. p. {Chosen}, {Chose} (Obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Choosing}.] [OE. chesen, cheosen, AS. ce[a2]san; akin to OS. kiosan, D. kiezen, G. kiesen, Icel. kj[d3]sa, Goth. kiusan, L. gustare to taste, Gr. [?], Skr. jush to enjoy. [fb]46. Cf. {Choice}, 2d {Gust}.] 1. To make choice of; to select; to take by way of preference from two or more objects offered; to elect; as, to choose the least of two evils. Choose me for a humble friend. --Pope. 2. To wish; to desire; to prefer. [Colloq.] The landlady now returned to know if we did not choose a more genteel apartment. --Goldsmith. {To choose sides}. See under {Side}. Syn: Syn. - To select; prefer; elect; adopt; follow. Usage: To {Choose}, {Prefer}, {Elect}. To choose is the generic term, and denotes to take or fix upon by an act of the will, especially in accordance with a decision of the judgment. To prefer is to choose or favor one thing as compared with, and more desirable than, another, or more in accordance with one's tastes and feelings. To elect is to choose or select for some office, employment, use, privilege, etc., especially by the concurrent vote or voice of a sufficient number of electors. To choose a profession; to prefer private life to a public one; to elect members of Congress.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Shake \Shake\, v. t. [imp. {Shook}; p. p. {Shaken}, ({Shook}, obs.); p. pr. & vb. n. {Shaking}.] [OE. shaken, schaken, AS. scacan, sceacan; akin to Icel. & Sw. skaka, OS. skakan, to depart, to flee. [root]161. Cf. {Shock}, v.] 1. To cause to move with quick or violent vibrations; to move rapidly one way and the other; to make to tremble or shiver; to agitate. As a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind. --Rev. vi. 13. Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels That shake heaven's basis. --Milton. 2. Fig.: To move from firmness; to weaken the stability of; to cause to waver; to impair the resolution of. When his doctrines grew too strong to be shook by his enemies, they persecuted his reputation. --Atterbury. Thy equal fear that my firm faith and love Can by his fraud be shaken or seduced. --Milton. 3. (Mus.) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill; as, to shake a note in music. 4. To move or remove by agitating; to throw off by a jolting or vibrating motion; to rid one's self of; -- generally with an adverb, as off, out, etc.; as, to shake fruit down from a tree. Shake off the golden slumber of repose. --Shak. 'Tis our fast intent To shake all cares and business from our age. --Shak. I could scarcely shake him out of my company. --Bunyan. {To shake a cask} (Naut.), to knock a cask to pieces and pack the staves. {To shake hands}, to perform the customary act of civility by clasping and moving hands, as an expression of greeting, farewell, good will, agreement, etc. {To shake out a reef} (Naut.), to untile the reef points and spread more canvas. {To shake the bells}. See under {Bell}. {To shake the sails} (Naut.), to luff up in the wind, causing the sails to shiver. --Ham. Nav. Encyc.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Tough-pitch \Tough"-pitch`\, n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; -- called also {tough-cake}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Tough-cake \Tough"-cake`\, n. See {Tough-pitch} (b) .
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Tough-pitch \Tough"-pitch`\, n. (Metal.) (a) The exact state or quality of texture and consistency of well reduced and refined copper. (b) Copper so reduced; -- called also {tough-cake}.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Tough-cake \Tough"-cake`\, n. See {Tough-pitch} (b) .
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Toxicogenic \Tox`icogen"ic\, a. [See {Toxic}, and {-genic}.] (Physiol. & Med.) Producing toxic products; as, toxicogenic germs or bacteria.
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Spruce \Spruce\, n. [OE. Spruce or Pruse, Prussia, Prussian. So named because it was first known as a native of Prussia, or because its sprouts were used for making, spruce beer. Cf. Spruce beer, below, {Spruce}, a.] 1. (Bot.) Any coniferous tree of the genus {Picea}, as the Norway spruce ({P. excelsa}), and the white and black spruces of America ({P. alba} and {P. nigra}), besides several others in the far Northwest. See {Picea}. 2. The wood or timber of the spruce tree. 3. Prussia leather; pruce. [Obs.] Spruce, a sort of leather corruptly so called for Prussia leather. --E. Phillips. {Douglas spruce} (Bot.), a valuable timber tree ({Pseudotsuga Douglasii}) of Northwestern America. {Essence of spruce}, a thick, dark-colored, bitterish, and acidulous liquid made by evaporating a decoction of the young branches of spruce. {Hemlock spruce} (Bot.), a graceful coniferous tree ({Tsuga Canadensis}) of North America. Its timber is valuable, and the bark is largely used in tanning leather. {Spruce beer}. [G. sprossenbier; sprosse sprout, shoot (akin to E. sprout, n.) + bier beer. The word was changed into spruce because the beer came from Prussia (OE. Spruce), or because it was made from the sprouts of the spruce. See {Sprout}, n., {Beer}, and cf. {Spruce}, n.] A kind of beer which is tinctured or flavored with spruce, either by means of the extract or by decoction. {Spruce grouse}. (Zo[94]l.) Same as {Spruce partridge}, below. {Spruce leather}. See {Spruce}, n., 3. {Spruce partridge} (Zo[94]l.), a handsome American grouse ({Dendragapus Canadensis}) found in Canada and the Northern United States; -- called also {Canada grouse}.
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Tuckasegee, NC Zip code(s): 28783
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]:
The Cuckoo's Egg Clifford Stoll Doubleday 1989 ISBN 0-385-24946-2 Clifford Stoll's absorbing tale of how he tracked Markus Hess and the Chaos Club cracking ring nicely illustrates the difference between `hacker' and `cracker'. Stoll's portrait of himself, his lady Martha, and his friends at Berkeley and on the Internet paints a marvelously vivid picture of how hackers and the people around them like to live and how they think. #===================== THE JARGON FILE ENDS HERE ====================#
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]:
The Cuckoo's Egg Clifford Stoll Doubleday 1989 ISBN 0-385-24946-2 Clifford Stoll's absorbing tale of how he tracked Markus Hess and the Chaos Club cracking ring nicely illustrates the difference between `hacker' and `cracker'. Stoll's portrait of himself, his lady Martha, and his friends at Berkeley and on the Internet paints a marvelously vivid picture of how hackers and the people around them like to live and how they think. #===================== THE JARGON FILE ENDS HERE ====================#
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]:
The Cuckoo's Egg A great book (and subsequent BBC TV series) telling the true story of Clifford Stoll, an astronomy professor at {UCB}'s {Lawrence Berkeley Lab}. A 75-cent accounting error alerted him to the presence of an unauthorised user (a {cracker}) on his system. The cracker, code named "Hunter", was breaking into US computer systems and stealing sensitive military and security information. Hunter was part of a spy ring paid in cash and cocaine, and reporting to the KGB. ["The Cuckoo's Egg", Clifford Stoll, London: Bodley Head, 1990, ISBN 0-370-31433-6, ISBN 0-671-72688-9]. [FTP?] (1994-11-15)
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]:
Tychicus chance, an Asiatic Christian, a "faithful minister in the Lord" (Eph. 6:21, 22), who, with Trophimus, accompanied Paul on a part of his journey from Macedonia to Jerusalem (Acts 20:4). He is alluded to also in Col. 4:7, Titus 3:12, and 2 Tim. 4:12 as having been with Paul at Rome, whence he sent him to Ephesus, probably for the purpose of building up and encouraging the church there.
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]:
Tychicus, casual; by chance
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Tajikistan Note--Tajikistan has experienced three changes of government since it gained independence in September 1991. The current president, Emomali RAKHMONOV, was elected to the presidency in November 1994, yet has been in power since 1992. The country is suffering through its third year of a civil war, with no clear end in sight. Underlying the conflict are deeply-rooted regional and clan-based animosities that pit a government consisting of people primarily from the Kulob (Kulyab), Khujand (Leninabad), and Hisor (Hissar) regions against a secular and Islamic-led opposition from the Gharm, Gorno-Badakhshan, and Qurghonteppa (Kurgan-Tyube) regions. Government and opposition representatives have held periodic rounds of UN-mediated peace talks and agreed in September 1994 to a cease-fire. Russian-led peacekeeping troops are deployed throughout the country, and Russian border guards are stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border. Tajikistan:Geography Location: Central Asia, west of China Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States Area: total area: 143,100 sq km land area: 142,700 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Wisconsin Land boundaries: total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan Climate: midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains Terrain: Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest Natural resources: significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten Land use: arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 23% forest and woodland: 0% other: 71% Irrigated land: 6,940 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution natural hazards: NA international agreements: NA Note: landlocked Tajikistan:People Population: 6,155,474 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 43% (female 1,303,627; male 1,340,086) 15-64 years: 53% (female 1,612,429; male 1,624,379) 65 years and over: 4% (female 157,841; male 117,112) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.6% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 34.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -1.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 60.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.03 years male: 66.11 years female: 72.1 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Tajik(s) adjective: Tajik Ethnic divisions: Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% Religions: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5% Languages: Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% Labor force: 1.95 million (1992) by occupation: agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%, trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990) Tajikistan:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikistan local short form: none former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic Digraph: TI Type: republic Capital: Dushanbe Administrative divisions: 2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobad (Khujand - formerly Leninabad) note: the administrative center names are in parentheses Independence: 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: National Day, 9 September (1991) Constitution: new constitution adopted 6 November 1994 Legal system: based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Emomili RAKHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992); election last held 6 November 1994 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Emomili RAKHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik ABDULLAJANOV 40% head of government: Prime Minister Jamshed KARIMOV (since 2 December 1994) cabinet: Council of Ministers Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Soviet: elections last held 26 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote by party NA; estimated seats - (181 total) Communist Party and affiliates 100, Popular Party 10, Party of Political and Economic Progress 1, Party of Popular Unity 6, other 64 Judicial branch: Prosecutor General Political parties and leaders: Communist Party (People's Party of Tajikistan - PPT), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Party of Economic Freedom (PEF), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Tajik Socialist Party (TSP), Shodi SHABDOLOV; Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Abdu-Nabi SATARZADE, chairman; note - suspended for six months; Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), Sayed Abdullo NURI, chairman; Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir ABDUZHABOROV; Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Abdujalil HAMIDOV, chairman; Tajikistan Party of Economic and Political Renewal (TPEPR), Mukhtor BOBOYEV note: all the above-listed parties except the Communist Party, the Party of National Unity, and the People's Party were banned in June 1993 Other political or pressure groups: Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan Member of: CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: NA chancery: NA telephone: NA US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO embassy: Interim Chancery, #39 Ainii Street, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Dushanbe mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (3772) 21-03-56 Flag: three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe Economy Overview: Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living. Agriculture dominates the economy, cotton being the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by three years of civil war and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by former Communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful economic reforms. In the meantime, Tajikistan's efforts to adopt the Russian ruble as its domestic currency despite Russia's unwillingness to supply sufficient rubles left the country in a severe monetary crisis throughout 1994, keeping inflation low but leaving workers and pensioners unpaid for months at a time. The government has announced plans to introduce its own currency in 1995 to help resolve the problem. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -12% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,415 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: 1.5% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (September 1994) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $320 million to outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles partners: Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan Imports: $318 million from outside the FSU countries (1994) commodities: fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs partners: Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate -31% (1994) Electricity: capacity: 3,800,000 kW production: 17 billion kWh consumption per capita: 2,800 kWh (1994) Industries: aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers Agriculture: cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep and goats Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption; used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western Europe and North America Economic aid: recipient: Russia and Uzbekistan reportedly provided substantial general assistance throughout 1993 and 1994; Western aid and credits promised through the end of 1993 were $700 million but disbursements were only $104 million; large scale development loans await IMF approval of a reform and stabilization plan Currency: 1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks; Tajikistan uses the Russian ruble as its currency by agreement with Russia; government has plans to introduce its own currency, the Tajik ruble, in 1995 Exchange rates: NA Fiscal year: calendar year Tajikistan:Transportation Railroads: total: 480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990) Highways: total: 29,900 km paved: 21,400 km unpaved: earth 8,500 km (1990) Pipelines: natural gas 400 km (1992) Ports: none Airports: total: 59 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 9 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 36 Tajikistan:Communications Telephone system: 303,000 telephones (December 1991); about 55 telephones/1,000 persons (1991); poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network local: NA intercity: cable and microwave radio relay international: linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by INTELSAT to international gateway switch in Ankara; 1 Orbita and 2 INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA televisions: NA note: 1 INTELSAT earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey Tajikistan:Defense Forces Branches: Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,410,229; males fit for military service 1,153,638; males reach military age (18) annually 57,942 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP