Kazakhstan
         n 1: a landlocked republic to the south of Russia and to the
               northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking
               inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an
               Asian soviet from 1936 to 1991 [syn: {Kazakhstan},
               {Republic of Kazakhstan}, {Kazakstan}, {Kazakh}, {Kazak}]

English Dictionary: Kazakhstan	by the DICT Development Group
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Kazakhstani adj of or pertaining to Kazakhstan or to the Kazakhs or their culture n a native or inhabitant of Kazakhstan
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Kazakhstani monetary unit n monetary unit in Kazakhstan
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
kok-saghyz n perennial dandelion native to Kazakhstan cultivated for its fleshy roots that have high rubber content Synonym(s): Russian dandelion, kok-saghyz, kok-sagyz, Taraxacum kok- saghyz
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
kok-sagyz n perennial dandelion native to Kazakhstan cultivated for its fleshy roots that have high rubber content Synonym(s): Russian dandelion, kok-saghyz, kok-sagyz, Taraxacum kok- saghyz
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]:
Kickshaws \Kick"shaws`\, n.; pl. {Kickshawses}[Corrupt. fr. F.       guelgue chose something, fr. L. gualis of what kind (akin to       E. which) + suffix -guam + causa cause, in LL., a thing. See       {Which}, and {Cause}.]       1. Something fantastical; any trifling, trumpery thing; a             toy.                         Art thou good at these kickshawses!   --Shak.          2. A fancy dish; a titbit; a delicacy.                         Some pigeons, . . . a joint of mutton, and any                      pretty little tiny kickshaws.            --Shak.                         Cressy was lost by kickshaws and soup-maigre.                                                                               --Fenton.
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]:
Kosciusko County, IN (county, FIPS 85)       Location: 41.24394 N, 85.86056 W       Population (1990): 65294 (30516 housing units)       Area: 1392.2 sq km (land), 43.6 sq km (water)
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
Kazakhstan       Kazakhstan:Geography       Location: Central Asia, northwest of China       Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian    States       Area:    total area: 2,717,300 sq km    land area: 2,669,800 sq km    comparative area: slightly less than four times the size of Texas       Land boundaries: total 12,012 km, China 1,533 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,051 km,    Russia 6,846 km, Turkmenistan 379 km, Uzbekistan 2,203 km       Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)    note: Kazakhstan borders the Aral Sea (1,015 km) and the Caspian Sea    (1,894 km)       Maritime claims: none; landlocked       International disputes: Caspian Sea boundaries are not yet determined       Climate: continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid       Terrain: extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the    plains in western Siberia to oasis and desert in Central Asia       Natural resources: major deposits of petroleum, coal, iron ore,    manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc,    bauxite, gold, uranium       Land use:    arable land: 15%    permanent crops: NEGL%    meadows and pastures: 57%    forest and woodland: 4%    other: 24%       Irrigated land: 23,080 sq km (1990)       Environment:    current issues: radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with    its former defense industries and test ranges are found throughout the    country and pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial    pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which    flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is    drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides    and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and    blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil    pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salinization from    faulty irrigation practices    natural hazards: NA    international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Ship Pollution;    signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification       Note: landlocked       Kazakhstan:People       Population: 17,376,615 (July 1995 est.)       Age structure:    0-14 years: 30% (female 2,589,509; male 2,664,952)    15-64 years: 63% (female 5,531,519; male 5,371,563)    65 years and over: 7% (female 820,900; male 398,172) (July 1995 est.)       Population growth rate: 0.62% (1995 est.)       Birth rate: 19.26 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)       Death rate: 7.93 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)       Net migration rate: -5.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)       Infant mortality rate: 40 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)       Life expectancy at birth:    total population: 68.25 years    male: 63.61 years    female: 73.13 years (1995 est.)       Total fertility rate: 2.43 children born/woman (1995 est.)       Nationality:    noun: Kazakhstani(s)    adjective: Kazakhstani       Ethnic divisions: Kazakh (Qazaq) 41.9%, Russian 37%, Ukrainian 5.2%,    German 4.7%, Uzbek 2.1%, Tatar 2%, other 7.1% (1991 official data)       Religions: Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%       Languages: Kazakh (Qazaqz) official language spoken by over 40% of    population, Russian (language of interethnic communication) spoken by    two-thirds of population and used in everyday business       Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989)    total population: 98%    male: 99%    female: 96%       Labor force: 7.356 million    by occupation: industry and construction 31%, agriculture and forestry    26%, other 43% (1992)       Kazakhstan:Government       Names:    conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan    conventional short form: Kazakhstan    local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy    local short form: none    former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic       Digraph: KZ       Type: republic       Capital: Almaty       Administrative divisions: 19 oblystar (singular - oblys) and 1 city    (qalalar, singular - qala)*; Almaty Qalasy*, Almaty Oblysy, Aqmola    Oblysy, Aqtobe Oblysy, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy (Oral),    Kokshetau Oblysy, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan    Oblysy (Shymkent), Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda    Oblysy, Pavlodar Oblysy, Semey Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy    (Oskemen; formerly Ust'-Kamenogorsk), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy    (Petropavl), Taldyqorghan Oblysy, Torghay Oblysy, Zhambyl Oblysy,    Zhezqazghan Oblysy    note: names in parentheses are administrative centers when name    differs from oblys name       Independence: 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)       National holiday: Independence Day, 16 December (1991)       Constitution: adopted 28 January 1993       Legal system: based on civil law system       Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal       Executive branch:    chief of state: President Nursultan NAZARBAYEV (since NA April 1990);    Vice President Yerik ASANBAYEV (since 1 December 1991); election last    held 1 December 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Nursultan A.    NAZARBAYEV ran unopposed; note - NAZARBAYEV has extended his term to    the year 2000 by a nationwide referendum held 30 April 1995    head of government: Prime Minister Akezhan KAZHEGELDIN (since 12    October 1994); First Deputy Prime Ministers Nigmatzhan ISINGARIN    (since 12 October 1994) and Vitalia METTE (since March 1995)    cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the prime minister       Legislative branch: unicameral    Supreme Council: elections last held 7 March 1994 (next to be held NA    1999); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (177 total)    Union Peoples' Unity of Kazakhstan 33, Confederation of Trade Unions    of the Republic of Kazakhstan 11, Peoples' Congress of Kazakhstan    Party 9, Socialist Party of Kazakhstan 8, Peasant Union of the    Republic Kazakhstan 4, Social Movement LAD 4, Organization of Veterans    1, Union of Youth of Kazakhstan 1, Democratic Committee for Human    Rights 1, Association of Lawyers of Kazakhstan 1, International Public    Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan" 1, Congress of Entrepreneurs of    Kazakhstan 1, Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet 40, independents 62    note: the Supreme Council disbanded 12 March 1995 following a    Constitutional Court ruling that the March 1994 elections were invalid       Judicial branch: Supreme Court       Political parties and leaders: People's Unity Party (PUP; was Union of    People's Unity), Kuanysh SULTANOV, chairman; People's Congress of    Kazakhstan (PCK), Olzhas SULEYMENOV, chairman; Socialist Party of    Kazakhstan (SPK; former Communist Party), Yermukhamet YERTYSHBAYEV,    co-chairman; Republican Party (Azat), Kamal ORMANTAYEV, chairman;    Democratic Progress (Russian) Party, Alexandra DOKUCHAYEVA, chairman;    Confederation of Trade Unions of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Peasant    Union of the Republic Kazakhstan (KPU); Social Movement LAD, V.    MIKHAYLOV, chairman; Union of Youth of Kazakhstan; Democratic    Committee for Human Rights; Association of Lawyers of Kazakhstan;    International Public Committee "Aral-Asia-Kazakhstan"; Congress of    Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan; Deputies of the 12th Supreme Soviet;    People's Cooperative Party, Umirzak SARSENOV, chairman; Organization    of Veterans       Other political or pressure groups: Independent Trade Union Center    (Birlesu; an association of independent trade union and business    associations), Leonid SOLOMIN, president       Member of: AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,    IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU,    NACC, OIC (observer), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO,    WMO, WTO       Diplomatic representation in US:    chief of mission: Ambassador Tuleutai S. SULEYMENOV    chancery: (temporary) 3421 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC    20008    telephone: [1] (202) 333-4504 through 4507    FAX: [1] (202) 333-4509       US diplomatic representation:    chief of mission: Ambassador William H. COURTNEY    embassy: 99/97 Furmanova Street, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 480012       mailing address: use embassy street address    telephone: [7] (3272) 63-24-26    FAX: [7] (3272) 63-38-83       Flag: sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun    with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the    hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in yellow       Economy       Overview: Kazakhstan, the second largest of the former Soviet states    in territory, possesses enormous untapped fossil-fuel reserves as well    as plentiful supplies of other minerals and metals. It also has    considerable agricultural potential with its vast steppe lands    accommodating both livestock and grain production. Kazakhstan's    industrial sector rests on the extraction and processing of these    natural resources and also on a relatively large machine building    sector specializing in construction equipment, tractors, agricultural    machinery, and some defense items. The breakup of the USSR and the    collapse of demand for Kazakhstan's traditional heavy industry    products have resulted in a sharp contraction of the economy since    1991, with the steepest annual decline occurring in 1994. The    government has pursued a moderate program of economic reform and    privatization which is gradually lifting state controls over economic    activity and shifting assets into the private sector. Nevertheless,    government control over key sectors of the economy remains strong.    Sustained economic hardships and continued pressures from industrial    elites will make it difficult for the government to sustain its    policies of monetary and fiscal discipline which had brought down    inflation by the end of 1994. Continued lack of pipeline    transportation for expanded oil exports has closed off a likely source    of economic recovery.       National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $55.2 billion (1994    estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)       National product real growth rate: -25% (1994 est.)       National product per capita: $3,200 (1994 est.)       Inflation rate (consumer prices): 24% per month (1994 est.)       Unemployment rate: 1.1% includes only officially registered    unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers (1994)       Budget:    revenues: $NA    expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA       Exports: $3.1 billion (1994)    commodities: oil, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, grain,    wool, meat, coal    partners: Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan       Imports: $3.5 billion (1994)    commodities: machinery and parts, industrial materials, oil and gas    partners: Russia and other former Soviet republics, China       External debt: less than $1 billion debt to Russia       Industrial production: growth rate -28% (1994)       Electricity:    capacity: 17,380,000 kW    production: 65.1 billion kWh    consumption per capita: 3,750 kWh (1994)       Industries: accounts for 26% of net national product; extractive    industries (oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc,    copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur), iron and    steel, nonferrous metal, tractors and other agricultural machinery,    electric motors, construction materials       Agriculture: accounts for 20% of GDP; employs about 26% of the labor    force; grain, mostly spring wheat; meat, cotton, wool       Illicit drugs: illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly    for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as    transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe and North    America from Southwest Asia       Economic aid:    recipient: approximately $1 billion in foreign loans and credits    allocated in 1994; disbursements projected at $700 billion through    1995       Currency: national currency the tenge introduced on 15 November 1993       Exchange rates: tenges per US$1 - 54 (yearend 1994)       Fiscal year: calendar year       Kazakhstan:Transportation       Railroads:    total: 14,460 km in common carrier service; does not include    industrial lines    broad gauge: 14,460 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)       Highways:    total: 189,000 km    paved and graveled: 108,100 km    unpaved: earth 80,900 km (1990)       Inland waterways: Syrdariya River, Ertis River       Pipelines: crude oil 2,850 km; refined products 1,500 km; natural gas    3,480 km (1992)       Ports: Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen    (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)       Airports:    total: 352    with paved runways over 3,047 m: 7    with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 23    with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11    with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5    with paved runways under 914 m: 9    with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 9    with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8    with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 25    with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 65    with unpaved runways under 914 m: 190       Kazakhstan:Communications       Telephone system: 2.2 million telephones; telephone service is poor;    about 17 telephones/100 persons in urban areas and 7.6 telephones/100    persons in rural areas; Almaty has 184,000 telephones    local: NA    intercity: land line and microwave radio relay    international: international traffic with other former USSR republics    and China carried by landline and microwave, and with other countries    by satellite and through 8 international telecommunications circuits    at the Moscow international gateway switch; INTELSAT earth station;    new satellite earth station established at Almaty with Turkish    financial help (December 1992) with 2500 channel band width       Radio:    broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA    radios: 4.088 million (with multiple speakers for program diffusion    6,082,000)       Television:    broadcast stations: Orbita (TV receive only) earth station    televisions: 4.75 million       Kazakhstan:Defense Forces       Branches: Army, Republic National Guard, Republic Security Forces    (internal and border troops)       Manpower availability: males age 15-49 4,513,089; males fit for    military service 3,605,584; males reach military age (18) annually    154,280 (1995 est.)       Defense expenditures: 69.3 billion rubles, NA% of GDP (forecast for    1993); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using    the current exchange rate could produce misleading results