English Dictionary: labour | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lavender \Lav"en*der\, n. [OE. lavendre, F. lavande, It. lavanda lavender, a washing, fr. L. lavare to wash; cf. It. lsavendola, LL. lavendula. So called because it was used in bathing and washing. See {Lave}. to wash, and cf. {Lavender}.] 1. (Bot.) An aromatic plant of the genus {Lavandula} ({L. vera}), common in the south of Europe. It yields and oil used in medicine and perfumery. The {Spike lavender} ({L. Spica}) yields a coarser oil (oil of spike), used in the arts. 2. The pale, purplish color of lavender flowers, paler and more delicate than lilac. {Lavender cotton} (Bot.), a low, twiggy, aromatic shrub ({Santolina Cham[91]cyparissus}) of the Mediterranean region, formerly used as a vermifuge, etc., and still used to keep moths from wardrobes. Also called {ground cypress}. {Lavender water}, a perfume composed of alcohol, essential oil of lavender, essential oil of bergamot, and essence of ambergris. {Sea lavender}. (Bot.) See {Marsh rosemary}. {To lay in lavender}. (a) To lay away, as clothing, with sprigs of lavender. (b) To pawn. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Labarum \[d8]Lab"a*rum\, n.; pl. {Labara}. [L.] The standard adopted by the Emperor Constantine after his conversion to Christianity. It is described as a pike bearing a silk banner hanging from a crosspiece, and surmounted by a golden crown. It bore a monogram of the first two letters (CHR) | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Labor \La"bor\, n. [OE. labour, OF. labour, laber, labur, F. labeur, L. labor; cf. Gr. lamba`nein to take, Skr. labh to get, seize.] [Written also {labour}.] 1. Physical toil or bodily exertion, especially when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable, in distinction from sportive exercise; hard, muscular effort directed to some useful end, as agriculture, manufactures, and like; servile toil; exertion; work. God hath set Labor and rest, as day and night, to men Successive. --Milton. 2. Intellectual exertion; mental effort; as, the labor of compiling a history. 3. That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which demands effort. Being a labor of so great a difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than look for. --Hooker. 4. Travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth. The queen's in labor, They say, in great extremity; and feared She'll with the labor end. --Shak. 5. Any pang or distress. --Shak. 6. (Naut.) The pitching or tossing of a vessel which results in the straining of timbers and rigging. 7. [Sp.] A measure of land in Mexico and Texas, equivalent to an area of 177[frac17] acres. --Bartlett. Syn: Work; toil; drudgery; task; exertion; effort; industry; painstaking. See {Toll}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Labor \La"bor\, v. t. [F. labourer, L. laborare.] 1. To work at; to work; to till; to cultivate by toil. The most excellent lands are lying fallow, or only labored by children. --W. Tooke. 2. To form or fabricate with toil, exertion, or care. [bd]To labor arms for Troy.[b8] --Dryden. 3. To prosecute, or perfect, with effort; to urge stre[?]uously; as, to labor a point or argument. 4. To belabor; to beat. [Obs.] --Dryden. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Labor \La"bor\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Labored}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Laboring}.] [OE. labouren, F. labourer, L. laborare. See {Labor}, n.] [Written also {labour}.] 1. To exert muscular strength; to exert one's strength with painful effort, particularly in servile occupations; to work; to toil. Adam, well may we labor still to dress This garden. --Milton. 2. To exert one's powers of mind in the prosecution of any design; to strive; to take pains. 3. To be oppressed with difficulties or disease; to do one's work under conditions which make it especially hard, wearisome; to move slowly, as against opposition, or under a burden; to be burdened; -- often with under, and formerly with of. The stone that labors up the hill. --Granville. The line too labors,and the words move slow. --Pope. To cure the disorder under which he labored. --Sir W. Scott. Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. --Matt. xi. 28 4. To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of childbirth. 5. (Naut.) To pitch or roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. -- Totten. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Labor \La"bor\, n. (Mining.) A store or set of stopes. [Sp. Amer.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Labor \La"bor\, n. [OE. labour, OF. labour, laber, labur, F. labeur, L. labor; cf. Gr. lamba`nein to take, Skr. labh to get, seize.] [Written also {labour}.] 1. Physical toil or bodily exertion, especially when fatiguing, irksome, or unavoidable, in distinction from sportive exercise; hard, muscular effort directed to some useful end, as agriculture, manufactures, and like; servile toil; exertion; work. God hath set Labor and rest, as day and night, to men Successive. --Milton. 2. Intellectual exertion; mental effort; as, the labor of compiling a history. 3. That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which demands effort. Being a labor of so great a difficulty, the exact performance thereof we may rather wish than look for. --Hooker. 4. Travail; the pangs and efforts of childbirth. The queen's in labor, They say, in great extremity; and feared She'll with the labor end. --Shak. 5. Any pang or distress. --Shak. 6. (Naut.) The pitching or tossing of a vessel which results in the straining of timbers and rigging. 7. [Sp.] A measure of land in Mexico and Texas, equivalent to an area of 177[frac17] acres. --Bartlett. Syn: Work; toil; drudgery; task; exertion; effort; industry; painstaking. See {Toll}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Labor \La"bor\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Labored}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Laboring}.] [OE. labouren, F. labourer, L. laborare. See {Labor}, n.] [Written also {labour}.] 1. To exert muscular strength; to exert one's strength with painful effort, particularly in servile occupations; to work; to toil. Adam, well may we labor still to dress This garden. --Milton. 2. To exert one's powers of mind in the prosecution of any design; to strive; to take pains. 3. To be oppressed with difficulties or disease; to do one's work under conditions which make it especially hard, wearisome; to move slowly, as against opposition, or under a burden; to be burdened; -- often with under, and formerly with of. The stone that labors up the hill. --Granville. The line too labors,and the words move slow. --Pope. To cure the disorder under which he labored. --Sir W. Scott. Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest. --Matt. xi. 28 4. To be in travail; to suffer the pangs of childbirth. 5. (Naut.) To pitch or roll heavily, as a ship in a turbulent sea. -- Totten. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Labrum \[d8]La"brum\, n.; pl. L. {Labra}, E. {Labrums}. [L.] 1. A lip or edge, as of a basin. 2. (Zo[94]l.) (a) An organ in insects and crustaceans covering the upper part of the mouth, and serving as an upper lip. See Illust. of {Hymenoptera}. (b) The external margin of the aperture of a shell. See {Univalve}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Labrus \[d8]La"brus\, n.; pl. {Labri} (-br[imac]). [L., a sort of fish.] (Zo[94]l.) A genus of marine fishes, including the wrasses of Europe. See {Wrasse}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lapper \Lap"per\, n. [From {La}p to drink.] One who takes up food or liquid with his tongue. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lava \La"va\, n. [It. lava lava, orig. in Naples, a torrent of rain overflowing the streets, fr. It. & L. lavare to wash. See {Lave}.] The melted rock ejected by a volcano from its top or fissured sides. It flows out in streams sometimes miles in length. It also issues from fissures in the earth's surface, and forms beds covering many square miles, as in the Northwestern United States. Note: Lavas are classed, according to their structure, as scoriaceous or cellular, glassy, stony, etc., and according to the material of which they consist, as doleritic, trachytic, etc. {Lava millstone}, a hard and coarse basaltic millstone from the neighborhood of the Rhine. {Lava ware}, a kind of cheap pottery made of iron slag cast into tiles, urns, table tops, etc., resembling lava in appearance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Laveer \La*veer"\, v. i. [D. laveren.] (Naut.) To beat against the wind; to tack. [Obs.] --Dryden. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Laver \Lav"er\ (l[amac]"v[etil]r), n. [OE. lavour, F. lavoir, L. lavatorium a washing place. See {Lavatory}.] 1. A vessel for washing; a large basin. 2. (Script. Hist.) (a) A large brazen vessel placed in the court of the Jewish tabernacle where the officiating priests washed their hands and feet. (b) One of several vessels in Solomon's Temple in which the offerings for burnt sacrifices were washed. 3. That which washes or cleanses. --J. H. Newman. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Laver \Lav"er\, n. [From {Lave} to wash.] One who laves; a washer. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Laver \La"ver\ (l[amac]"v[etil]r), n. The fronds of certain marine alg[91] used as food, and for making a sauce called laver sauce. Green laver is the {Ulva latissima}; purple laver, {Porphyra laciniata} and {P. vulgaris}. It is prepared by stewing, either alone or with other vegetables, and with various condiments; -- called also {sloke}, or {sloakan}. {Mountain laver} (Bot.), a reddish gelatinous alga of the genus {Palmella}, found on the sides of mountains | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lavour \Lav"our\, n. A laver. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Leafy \Leaf"y\, a. [Compar. {Leafier}; superl. {Leafiest}.] 1. Full of leaves; abounding in leaves; as, the leafy forest. [bd]The leafy month of June.[b8] --Coleridge. 2. Consisting of leaves. [bd]A leafy bed.[b8] --Byron. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Leap year \Leap" year`\ Bissextile; a year containing 366 days; every fourth year which leaps over a day more than a common year, giving to February twenty-nine days. See {Bissextile}. Note: Every year whose number is divisible by four without a remainder is a leap year, excepting the full centuries, which, to be leap years, must be divisible by 400 without a remainder. If not so divisible they are common years. 1900, therefore, is not a leap year. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Year \Year\, n. [OE. yer, yeer, [f4]er, AS. ge[a0]r; akin to OFries. i[?]r, g[?]r, D. jaar, OHG. j[be]r, G. jahr, Icel. [be]r, Dan. aar, Sw. [86]r, Goth. j[?]r, Gr. [?] a season of the year, springtime, a part of the day, an hour, [?] a year, Zend y[be]re year. [root]4, 279. Cf. {Hour}, {Yore}.] 1. The time of the apparent revolution of the sun trough the ecliptic; the period occupied by the earth in making its revolution around the sun, called the astronomical year; also, a period more or less nearly agreeing with this, adopted by various nations as a measure of time, and called the civil year; as, the common lunar year of 354 days, still in use among the Mohammedans; the year of 360 days, etc. In common usage, the year consists of 365 days, and every fourth year (called bissextile, or leap year) of 366 days, a day being added to February on that year, on account of the excess above 365 days (see {Bissextile}). Of twenty year of age he was, I guess. --Chaucer. Note: The civil, or legal, year, in England, formerly commenced on the 25th of March. This practice continued throughout the British dominions till the year 1752. 2. The time in which any planet completes a revolution about the sun; as, the year of Jupiter or of Saturn. 3. pl. Age, or old age; as, a man in years. --Shak. {Anomalistic year}, the time of the earth's revolution from perihelion to perihelion again, which is 365 days, 6 hours, 13 minutes, and 48 seconds. {A year's mind} (Eccl.), a commemoration of a deceased person, as by a Mass, a year after his death. Cf. {A month's mind}, under {Month}. {Bissextile year}. See {Bissextile}. {Canicular year}. See under {Canicular}. {Civil year}, the year adopted by any nation for the computation of time. {Common lunar year}, the period of 12 lunar months, or 354 days. {Common year}, each year of 365 days, as distinguished from leap year. {Embolismic year}, [or] {Intercalary lunar year}, the period of 13 lunar months, or 384 days. {Fiscal year} (Com.), the year by which accounts are reckoned, or the year between one annual time of settlement, or balancing of accounts, and another. {Great year}. See {Platonic year}, under {Platonic}. {Gregorian year}, {Julian year}. See under {Gregorian}, and {Julian}. {Leap year}. See {Leap year}, in the Vocabulary. {Lunar astronomical year}, the period of 12 lunar synodical months, or 354 days, 8 hours, 48 minutes, 36 seconds. {Lunisolar year}. See under {Lunisolar}. {Periodical year}. See {Anomalistic year}, above. {Platonic year}, {Sabbatical year}. See under {Platonic}, and {Sabbatical}. {Sidereal year}, the time in which the sun, departing from any fixed star, returns to the same. This is 365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes, and 9.3 seconds. {Tropical year}. See under {Tropical}. {Year and a day} (O. Eng. Law), a time to be allowed for an act or an event, in order that an entire year might be secured beyond all question. --Abbott. {Year of grace}, any year of the Christian era; Anno Domini; A. D. or a. d. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Leaper \Leap"er\, n. [AS. hle[a0]pere.] One who, or that which, leaps. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Leaper \Leap"er\, n. [See 1st {Leap}.] A kind of hooked instrument for untwisting old cordage. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Leaver \Leav"er\, n. One who leaves, or withdraws. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Leper \Lep"er\ (l[ecr]p"[etil]r), n. [OE. lepre leprosy, F. l[8a]pre, L. leprae, lepra, fr. Gr. le`pra, fr. lepro`s scaly, fr. le`pos scale, le`pein to peel.] A person affected with leprosy. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lepre \Lep"re\ (l[ecr]p"[etil]r), n. Leprosy.[Obs.] --Wyclif. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lepry \Lep"ry\ (-r[ycr]), n. Leprosy. [Obs.] --Holland. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lever \Le"ver\ (l[emac]"v[etil]r [or] l[ecr]v"[etil]r; 277), n. [OE. levour, OF. leveor, prop., a lifter, fr. F. lever to raise, L. levare; akin to levis light in weight, E. levity, and perh. to E. light not heavy: cf. F. levier. Cf. {Alleviate}, {Elevate}, {Leaven}, {Legerdemain}, {Levee}, {Levy}, n.] 1. (Mech.) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; -- used for transmitting and modifying force and motion. Specif., a bar of metal, wood, or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures. 2. (Mach.) (a) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it. (b) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it. {Compound lever}, a machine consisting of two or more levers acting upon each other. {Lever escapement}. See {Escapement}. {Lever jack}. See {Jack}, n., 5. {Lever watch}, a watch having a vibrating lever to connect the action of the escape wheel with that of the balance. {Universal lever}, a machine formed by a combination of a lever with the wheel and axle, in such a manner as to convert the reciprocating motion of the lever into a continued rectilinear motion of some body to which the power is applied. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lever \Lev"er\ (l[emac]"v[etil]r), a. [Old compar. of leve or lief.] More agreeable; more pleasing. [Obs.] --Chaucer. {To be lever than}. See {Had as lief}, under {Had}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lever \Lev"er\, adv. Rather. [Obs.] --Chaucer. For lever had I die than see his deadly face. --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Levier \Lev"i*er\ (l[ecr]v"[icr]*[etil]r), n. One who levies. --Cartwright. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Levir \Le"vir\ (l[emac]"v[etil]r), n. [L.] A husband's brother; -- used in reference to levirate marriages. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Libra \[d8]Li"bra\ (l[imac]"br[adot]), n.; pl. {Libr[91]} (l[imac]"br[emac]). [L., a balance.] (Astron.) (a) The Balance; the seventh sign in the zodiac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox in September, marked thus [libra] in almanacs, etc. (b ) A southern constellation between Virgo and Scorpio. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sign \Sign\, n. [F. signe, L. signum; cf. AS. segen, segn, a sign, standard, banner, also fr. L. signum. Cf. {Ensign}, {Resign}, {Seal} a stamp, {Signal}, {Signet}.] That by which anything is made known or represented; that which furnishes evidence; a mark; a token; an indication; a proof. Specifically: (a) A remarkable event, considered by the ancients as indicating the will of some deity; a prodigy; an omen. (b) An event considered by the Jews as indicating the divine will, or as manifesting an interposition of the divine power for some special end; a miracle; a wonder. Through mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God. --Rom. xv. 19. It shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will believe the voice of the latter sign. --Ex. iv. 8. (c) Something serving to indicate the existence, or preserve the memory, of a thing; a token; a memorial; a monument. What time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men, and they became a sign. --Num. xxvi. 10. (d) Any symbol or emblem which prefigures, typifles, or represents, an idea; a type; hence, sometimes, a picture. The holy symbols, or signs, are not barely significative; but what they represent is as certainly delivered to us as the symbols themselves. --Brerewood. Saint George of Merry England, the sign of victory. --Spenser. (e) A word or a character regarded as the outward manifestation of thought; as, words are the sign of ideas. (f) A motion, an action, or a gesture by which a thought is expressed, or a command or a wish made known. They made signs to his father, how he would have him called. --Luke i. 62. (g) Hence, one of the gestures of pantomime, or of a language of a signs such as those used by the North American Indians, or those used by the deaf and dumb. Note: Educaters of the deaf distinguish between natural signs, which serve for communicating ideas, and methodical, or systematic, signs, adapted for the dictation, or the rendering, of written language, word by word; and thus the signs are to be distinguished from the manual alphabet, by which words are spelled on the fingers. (h) A military emblem carried on a banner or a standard. --Milton. (i) A lettered board, or other conspicuous notice, placed upon or before a building, room, shop, or office to advertise the business there transacted, or the name of the person or firm carrying it on; a publicly displayed token or notice. The shops were, therefore, distinguished by painted signs, which gave a gay and grotesque aspect to the streets. --Macaulay. (j) (Astron.) The twelfth part of the ecliptic or zodiac. Note: The signs are reckoned from the point of intersection of the ecliptic and equator at the vernal equinox, and are named, respectively, {Aries} ([Aries]), {Taurus} ([Taurus]), {Gemini} (II), {Cancer} ([Cancer]), {Leo} ([Leo]), {Virgo} ([Virgo]), {Libra} ([Libra]), {Scorpio} ([Scorpio]), {Sagittarius} ([Sagittarius]), {Capricornus ([Capricorn]), {Aquarius} ([Aquarius]), {Pisces} ([Pisces]). These names were originally the names of the constellations occupying severally the divisions of the zodiac, by which they are still retained; but, in consequence of the procession of the equinoxes, the signs have, in process of time, become separated about 30 degrees from these constellations, and each of the latter now lies in the sign next in advance, or to the east of the one which bears its name, as the constellation Aries in the sign Taurus, etc. (k) (Alg.) A character indicating the relation of quantities, or an operation performed upon them; as, the sign + (plus); the sign -- (minus); the sign of division [f6], and the like. (l) (Med.) An objective evidence of disease; that is, one appreciable by some one other than the patient. Note: The terms symptom and and sign are often used synonymously; but they may be discriminated. A sign differs from a symptom in that the latter is perceived only by the patient himself. The term sign is often further restricted to the purely local evidences of disease afforded by direct examination of the organs involved, as distinguished from those evidence of general disturbance afforded by observation of the temperature, pulse, etc. In this sense it is often called physical sign. (m) (Mus.) Any character, as a flat, sharp, dot, etc. (n) (Theol.) That which, being external, stands for, or signifies, something internal or spiritual; -- a term used in the Church of England in speaking of an ordinance considered with reference to that which it represents. An outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace. --Bk. of Common Prayer. Note: See the Table of {Arbitrary Signs}, p. 1924. {Sign manual}. (a) (Eng. Law) The royal signature superscribed at the top of bills of grants and letter patent, which are then sealed with the privy signet or great seal, as the case may be, to complete their validity. (b) The signature of one's name in one's own handwriting. --Craig. Tomlins. Wharton. Syn: Token; mark; note; symptom; indication; signal; symbol; type; omen; prognostic; presage; manifestation. See {Emblem}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Life \Life\ (l[imac]f), n.; pl. {Lives} (l[imac]vz). [AS. l[imac]f; akin to D. lijf body, G. leib body, MHG. l[imac]p life, body, OHG. l[imac]b life, Icel. l[imac]f, life, body, Sw. lif, Dan. liv, and E. live, v. [root]119. See {Live}, and cf. {Alive}.] 1. The state of being which begins with generation, birth, or germination, and ends with death; also, the time during which this state continues; that state of an animal or plant in which all or any of its organs are capable of performing all or any of their functions; -- used of all animal and vegetable organisms. 2. Of human beings: The union of the soul and body; also, the duration of their union; sometimes, the deathless quality or existence of the soul; as, man is a creature having an immortal life. She shows a body rather than a life. --Shak. 3. (Philos) The potential principle, or force, by which the organs of animals and plants are started and continued in the performance of their several and co[94]perative functions; the vital force, whether regarded as physical or spiritual. 4. Figuratively: The potential or animating principle, also, the period of duration, of anything that is conceived of as resembling a natural organism in structure or functions; as, the life of a state, a machine, or a book; authority is the life of government. 5. A certain way or manner of living with respect to conditions, circumstances, character, conduct, occupation, etc.; hence, human affairs; also, lives, considered collectively, as a distinct class or type; as, low life; a good or evil life; the life of Indians, or of miners. That which before us lies in daily life. --Milton. By experience of life abroad in the world. --Ascham. Lives of great men all remind us We can make our lives sublime. --Longfellow. 'T is from high life high characters are drawn. --Pope 6. Animation; spirit; vivacity; vigor; energy. No notion of life and fire in fancy and in words. --Felton. That gives thy gestures grace and life. --Wordsworth. 7. That which imparts or excites spirit or vigor; that upon which enjoyment or success depends; as, he was the life of the company, or of the enterprise. 8. The living or actual form, person, thing, or state; as, a picture or a description from the life. 9. A person; a living being, usually a human being; as, many lives were sacrificed. 10. The system of animal nature; animals in general, or considered collectively. Full nature swarms with life. --Thomson. 11. An essential constituent of life, esp. the blood. The words that I speak unto you . . . they are life. --John vi. 63. The warm life came issuing through the wound. --Pope 12. A history of the acts and events of a life; a biography; as, Johnson wrote the life of Milton. 13. Enjoyment in the right use of the powers; especially, a spiritual existence; happiness in the favor of God; heavenly felicity. 14. Something dear to one as one's existence; a darling; -- used as a term of endearment. Note: Life forms the first part of many compounds, for the most part of obvious meaning; as, life-giving, life-sustaining, etc. {Life annuity}, an annuity payable during one's life. {Life arrow}, {Life rocket}, {Life shot}, an arrow, rocket, or shot, for carrying an attached line to a vessel in distress in order to save life. {Life assurance}. See {Life insurance}, below. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Life-weary \Life"-wea`ry\ (-w[emac]`r[ycr]), a. Weary of living. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Liver \Liv"er\, n. 1. One who, or that which, lives. And try if life be worth the liver's care. --Prior. 2. A resident; a dweller; as, a liver in Brooklyn. 3. One whose course of life has some marked characteristic (expressed by an adjective); as, a free liver. {Fast liver}, one who lives in an extravagant and dissipated way. {Free liver}, {Good liver}, one given to the pleasures of the table. {Loose liver}, a person who lives a somewhat dissolute life. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Liver \Liv"er\, n. [AS. lifer; akin to D. liver, G. leber, OHG. lebara, Icel. lifr, Sw. lefver, and perh. to Gr. [?] fat, E. live, v.] (Anat.) A very large glandular and vascular organ in the visceral cavity of all vertebrates. Note: Most of the venous blood from the alimentary canal passes through it on its way back to the heart; and it secretes the bile, produces glycogen, and in other ways changes the blood which passes through it. In man it is situated immediately beneath the diaphragm and mainly on the right side. See {Bile}, {Digestive}, and {Glycogen}. The liver of invertebrate animals is usually made up of c[91]cal tubes, and differs materially, in form and function, from that of vertebrates. {Floating liver}. See {Wandering liver}, under {Wandering}. {Liver of antimony}, {Liver of sulphur}. (Old Chem.) See {Hepar}. {Liver brown}, {Liver color}, the color of liver, a dark, reddish brown. {Liver shark} (Zo[94]l.), a very large shark ({Cetorhinus maximus}), inhabiting the northern coasts both of Europe and North America. It sometimes becomes forty feet in length, being one of the largest sharks known; but it has small simple teeth, and is not dangerous. It is captured for the sake of its liver, which often yields several barrels of oil. It has gill rakers, resembling whalebone, by means of which it separates small animals from the sea water. Called also {basking shark}, {bone shark}, {hoemother}, {homer}, and {sailfish} | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Liver \Liv"er\, n. (Zo[94]l.) The glossy ibis ({Ibis falcinellus}); -- said to have given its name to the city of Liverpool. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Livery \Liv"er*y\, n.; pl. {Liveries}. [OE. livere, F. livr[82]e, formerly, a gift of clothes made by the master to his servants, prop., a thing delivered, fr. livrer to deliver, L. liberare to set free, in LL., to deliver up. See {Liberate}.] 1. (Eng. Law) (a) The act of delivering possession of lands or tenements. (b) The writ by which possession is obtained. Note: It is usual to say, livery of seizin, which is a feudal investiture, made by the delivery of a turf, of a rod, or twig, from the feoffor to the feoffee. In the United States, and now in Great Britain, no such ceremony is necessary, the delivery of a deed being sufficient. 2. Release from wardship; deliverance. It concerned them first to sue out their livery from the unjust wardship of his encroaching prerogative. --Milton. 3. That which is delivered out statedly or formally, as clothing, food, etc.; especially: (a) The uniform clothing issued by feudal superiors to their retainers and serving as a badge when in military service. (b) The peculiar dress by which the servants of a nobleman or gentleman are distinguished; as, a claret-colored livery. (c) Hence, also, the peculiar dress or garb appropriated by any association or body of persons to their own use; as, the livery of the London tradesmen, of a priest, of a charity school, etc.; also, the whole body or company of persons wearing such a garb, and entitled to the privileges of the association; as, the whole livery of London. A Haberdasher and a Carpenter, A Webbe, a Dyer, and a Tapicer, And they were clothed all in one livery Of a solempne and a gret fraternite. --Chaucer. From the periodical deliveries of these characteristic articles of servile costume (blue coats) came our word livery. --De Quincey. (d) Hence, any characteristic dress or outward appearance. [bd] April's livery.[b8] --Sir P. Sidney. Now came still evening on, and twilight gray Had in her sober livery all things clad. --Milton. (e) An allowance of food statedly given out; a ration, as to a family, to servants, to horses, etc. The emperor's officers every night went through the town from house to house whereat any English gentleman did repast or lodge, and served their liveries for all night: first, the officers brought into the house a cast of fine manchet [white bread], and of silver two great post, and white wine, and sugar. --Cavendish. (f) The feeding, stabling, and care of horses for compensation; boarding; as, to keep one's horses at livery. What livery is, we by common use in England know well enough, namely, that is, allowance of horse meat, as to keep horses at livery, the which word, I guess, is derived of livering or delivering forth their nightly food. --Spenser. It need hardly be observed that the explanation of livery which Spenser offers is perfectly correct, but . . . it is no longer applied to the ration or stated portion of food delivered at stated periods. --Trench. (g) The keeping of horses in readiness to be hired temporarily for riding or driving; the state of being so kept. Pegasus does not stand at livery even at the largest establishment in Moorfields. --Lowell. 4. A low grade of wool. {Livery gown}, the gown worn by a liveryman in London. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Livery \Liv"er*y\, v. t. To clothe in, or as in, livery. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Livre \Li"vre\, n. [F., fr. L. libra a pound of twelve ounces. Cf. {Lira}.] A French money of account, afterward a silver coin equal to 20 sous. It is not now in use, having been superseded by the franc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Loafer \Loaf"er\, n. [G. l[84]ufer a runner, Prov. G. laufer, lofer, fr. laufen to run. See {Leap}.] One who loafs; a lazy lounger. --Lowell. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lobar \Lo"bar\, a. Of or pertaining to a lobe; characterized by, or like, a lobe or lobes. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Looper \Loop"er\, n. 1. An instrument, as a bodkin, for forming a loop in yarn, a cord, etc. 2. (Zo[94]l.) The larva of any species of geometrid moths. See {Geometrid}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Loover \Loo"ver\, n. See {Louver}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Loover \Loo"ver\, n. See {Louver}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Loper \Lop"er\, n. 1. One who, or that which, lopes; esp., a horse that lopes. [U.S.] 2. (Rope Making) A swivel at one end of a ropewalk, used in laying the strands. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lopper \Lop"per\, n. One who lops or cuts off. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lopper \Lop"per\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Loppered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Loppering}.] [Cf. Prov. G. l[81]bbern, levern, OHG. giliber[?]n, G. luppe, lab, rennet.] To turn sour and coagulate from too long standing, as milk. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
{Louver} {boards [or] boarding}, the sloping boards set to shed rainwater outward in openings which are to be left otherwise unfilled; as belfry windows, the openings of a louver, etc. {Louver work}, slatted work. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lover \Lo"ver\, Lovery \Lo"ver*y\, n. See {Louver}. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lover \Lov"er\, n. 1. One who loves; one who is in love; -- usually limited, in the singular, to a person of the male sex. --Gower. Love is blind, and lovers can not see The pretty follies that themselves commit. --Shak. 2. A friend; one strongly attached to another; one who greatly desires the welfare of any person or thing; as, a lover of his country. I slew my best lover for the good of Rome. --Shak. 3. One who has a strong liking for anything, as books, science, or music. [bd]A lover of knowledge.[b8] --T. Burnet. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lover \Lo"ver\, Lovery \Lo"ver*y\, n. See {Louver}. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lover \Lov"er\, n. 1. One who loves; one who is in love; -- usually limited, in the singular, to a person of the male sex. --Gower. Love is blind, and lovers can not see The pretty follies that themselves commit. --Shak. 2. A friend; one strongly attached to another; one who greatly desires the welfare of any person or thing; as, a lover of his country. I slew my best lover for the good of Rome. --Shak. 3. One who has a strong liking for anything, as books, science, or music. [bd]A lover of knowledge.[b8] --T. Burnet. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lover \Lo"ver\, Lovery \Lo"ver*y\, n. See {Louver}. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lover \Lo"ver\, Lovery \Lo"ver*y\, n. See {Louver}. [Obs.] --Bp. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lovyer \Lov"yer\, n. A lover. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lubber \Lub"ber\, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. lubber. See {Looby}, {Lob}.] A heavy, clumsy, or awkward fellow; a sturdy drone; a clown. Lingering lubbers lose many a penny. --Tusser. {Land lubber}, a name given in contempt by sailors to a person who lives on land. {Lubber grasshopper} (Zo[94]l.), a large, stout, clumsy grasshopper; esp., {Brachystola magna}, from the Rocky Mountain plains, and {Romalea microptera}, which is injurious to orange trees in Florida. {Lubber's hole} (Naut.), a hole in the floor of the [bd]top,[b8] next the mast, through which sailors may go aloft without going over the rim by the futtock shrouds. It is considered by seamen as only fit to be used by lubbers. --Totten. {Lubber's line}, {point}, [or] {mark}, a line or point in the compass case indicating the head of the ship, and consequently the course which the ship is steering. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Luffer \Luf"fer\, n. (Arch.) See {Louver}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Luffer \Luf"fer\, n. (Arch.) See {Louver}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Louver \Lou"ver\, Louvre \Lou"vre\, n. [OE. lover, OF. lover, lovier; or l'ouvert the opening, fr. overt, ouvert, p. p. of ovrir, ouvrir, to open, F. ouvrir. Cf. {Overt}.] (Arch.) A small lantern. See {Lantern}, 2 (a) . [Written also {lover}, {loover}, {lovery}, and {luffer}.] | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
La Feria, TX (city, FIPS 40204) Location: 26.15700 N, 97.82265 W Population (1990): 4360 (1571 housing units) Area: 3.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 78559 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
La Habra, CA (city, FIPS 39290) Location: 33.92740 N, 117.95060 W Population (1990): 51266 (18670 housing units) Area: 19.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Lapeer, MI (city, FIPS 46040) Location: 43.04704 N, 83.32488 W Population (1990): 7759 (3070 housing units) Area: 14.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 48446 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Leeper, PA Zip code(s): 16233 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Lefor, ND Zip code(s): 58641 | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
liveware /li:v'weir/ n. 1. Synonym for {wetware}. Less common. 2. [Cambridge] Vermin. "Waiter, there's some liveware in my salad..." | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
liveware /li:v'weir/ 1. A less common synonym for {wetware} 2. (Cambridge) Vermin. "Waiter, there's some liveware in my salad." [{Jargon File}] (1995-10-30) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
lpr Line printer. The {Unix} print command. This does not actually print files but rather copies (or links) them to a {spool} area from where a {daemon} copies them to the printer. | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Laver (Heb. kiyor), a "basin" for boiling in, a "pan" for cooking (1 Sam. 2:14), a "fire-pan" or hearth (Zech. 12:6), the sacred wash-bowl of the tabernacle and temple (Ex. 30:18, 28; 31:9; 35:16; 38:8; 39:39; 40:7, 11, 30, etc.), a basin for the water used by the priests in their ablutions. That which was originally used in the tabernacle was of brass (rather copper; Heb. nihsheth), made from the metal mirrors the women brought out of Egypt (Ex. 38:8). It contained water wherewith the priests washed their hands and feet when they entered the tabernacle (40:32). It stood in the court between the altar and the door of the tabernacle (30:19, 21). In the temple there were ten lavers used for the sacrifices, and the molten sea for the ablutions of the priests (2 Chr. 4:6). The position and uses of these are described 1 Kings 7:23-39; 2 Chr. 4:6. The "molten sea" was made of copper, taken from Tibhath and Chun, cities of Hadarezer, king of Zobah (1 Chr. 18:8; 1 Kings 7:23-26). No lavers are mentioned in the second temple. | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Liver (Heb. kabhed, "heavy;" hence the liver, as being the heaviest of the viscera, Ex. 29:13, 22; Lev. 3:4, 1, 10, 15) was burnt upon the altar, and not used as sacrificial food. In Ezek. 21:21 there is allusion, in the statement that the king of Babylon "looked upon the liver," to one of the most ancient of all modes of divination. The first recorded instance of divination (q.v.) is that of the teraphim of Laban. By the teraphim the LXX. and Josephus understood "the liver of goats." By the "caul above the liver," in Lev. 4:9; 7:4, etc., some understand the great lobe of the liver itself. | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Liberia Liberia:Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone Map references: Africa Area: total area: 111,370 sq km land area: 96,320 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee Land boundaries: total 1,585 km, Guinea 563 km, Cote d'Ivoire 716 km, Sierra Leone 306 km Coastline: 579 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 200 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers Terrain: mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast Natural resources: iron ore, timber, diamonds, gold Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 2% forest and woodland: 39% other: 55% Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: tropical rain forest subject to deforestation; soil erosion; loss of biodiversity; pollution of rivers from the dumping of iron ore tailings and of coastal waters from oil residue and raw sewage natural hazards: dust-laden harmattan winds blow from the Sahara (December to March) international agreements: party to - Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation Liberia:People Population: 3,073,245 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 674,155; male 680,952) 15-64 years: 52% (female 768,147; male 844,326) 65 years and over: 4% (female 55,575; male 50,090) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.32% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.08 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.05 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: if the Ghanaian-led peace negotiations, under way in 1995, are successful, many Liberian refugees may return from exile Infant mortality rate: 110.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.17 years male: 55.67 years female: 60.75 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.3 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Liberian(s) adjective: Liberian Ethnic divisions: indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, and Bella), Americo-Liberians 5% (descendants of former slaves) Religions: traditional 70%, Muslim 20%, Christian 10% Languages: English 20% (official), Niger-Congo language group about 20 local languages come from this group Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 40% male: 50% female: 29% Labor force: 510,000 including 220,000 in the monetary economy by occupation: agriculture 70.5%, services 10.8%, industry and commerce 4.5%, other 14.2% note: non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top-level management and engineering jobs Liberia:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Liberia conventional short form: Liberia Digraph: LI Type: republic Capital: Monrovia Administrative divisions: 13 counties; Bomi, Bong, Grand Bassa, Grand Cape Mount, Grand Gedeh, Grand Kru, Lofa, Margibi, Maryland, Montserrado, Nimba, River Cess, Sinoe Independence: 26 July 1847 National holiday: Independence Day, 26 July (1847) Constitution: 6 January 1986 Legal system: dual system of statutory law based on Anglo-American common law for the modern sector and customary law based on unwritten tribal practices for indigenous sector Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: Chairman of the Council of State David KPOMAKPOR (since March 1994); election last held on 15 October 1985; results - Gen. Dr. Samuel Kanyon DOE (NDPL) 50.9%, Jackson DOE (LAP) 26.4%, other 22.7% note: constitutional government ended in September 1990 when President Samuel Kanyon DOE was killed by rebel forces; civil war ensued and in July 1993 the Cotonou Peace Treaty was negotiated by the major warring factions under UN auspices; a transitional coalition government under David KROMAKPOR was formed in March 1994 but has been largely ineffective and unable to implement the provisions of the peace treaty; Ghanaian-led negotiations are now underway to seat a new interim government that would oversee elections proposed for late 1995 cabinet: Cabinet; selected by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war Legislative branch: unicameral Transitional Legislative Assembly, the members of which are appointed by the leaders of the major factions in the civil war note: the former bicameral legislature no longer exists and there is no assurance that it will be reconstituted very soon Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL), Augustus CAINE, chairman; Liberian Action Party (LAP), Emmanuel KOROMAH, chairman; Unity Party (UP), Joseph KOFA, chairman; United People's Party (UPP), Gabriel Baccus MATTHEWS, chairman; National Patriotic Party (NPP), Charles TAYLOR, chairman; Liberian Peoples Party (LPP), Dusty WOLOKOLLIE, chairman Member of: ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Konah K. BLACKETT chancery: 5201 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 723-0437 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: (vacant); Charge d' Affaires William P. TWADDELL embassy: 111 United Nations Drive, Monrovia mailing address: P. O. Box 100098, Mamba Point, Monrovia telephone: [231] 222991 through 222994 FAX: [231] 223710 Flag: 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag Economy Overview: Civil war since 1990 has destroyed much of Liberia's economy, especially the infrastructure in and around Monrovia. Businessmen have fled the country, taking capital and expertise with them. Many will not return. Richly endowed with water, mineral resources, forests, and a climate favorable to agriculture, Liberia had been a producer and exporter of basic products, while local manufacturing, mainly foreign owned, had been small in scope. Political instability threatens prospects for economic reconstruction and repatriation of some 750,000 Liberian refugees who have fled to neighboring countries. The political impasse between the interim government and rebel leader Charles TAYLOR has prevented restoration of normal economic life, including the re-establishment of a strong central government with effective economic development programs. The economy deteriorated further in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $770 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $242.1 million expenditures: $435.4 million, including capital expenditures of $29.5 million (1989 est.) Exports: $505 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.) commodities: iron ore 61%, rubber 20%, timber 11%, coffee partners: US, EC, Netherlands Imports: $394 million (c.i.f., 1989 est.) commodities: mineral fuels, chemicals, machinery, transportation equipment, rice and other foodstuffs partners: US, EC, Japan, China, Netherlands, ECOWAS External debt: $2.1 billion (September 1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate NA% (1993-94); much industrial damage caused by factional warfare Electricity: capacity: 330,000 kW production: 440 million kWh consumption per capita: 143 kWh (1993) Industries: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds) Agriculture: accounts for about 40% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); principal products - rubber, timber, coffee, cocoa, rice, cassava, palm oil, sugarcane, bananas, sheep, goats; not self-sufficient in food, imports 25% of rice consumption Illicit drugs: increasingly a transshipment point for heroin and cocaine Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $665 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $870 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $25 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $77 million Currency: 1 Liberian dollar (L$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Liberian dollars (L$) per US$1 - 1.00 (officially fixed rate since 1940); unofficial parallel exchange rate of US$1 - L$7 (January 1992), unofficial rate floats against the US dollar Fiscal year: calendar year Liberia:Transportation Railroads: total: 490 km (single track); note - three rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government; one of these, the Lamco Railroad, closed in 1989 after iron ore production ceased; the other two have been shut down by the civil war standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 145 km 1.067-m gauge Highways: total: 10,087 km paved: 603 km unpaved: gravel 5,171 km (includes 2,323 km of private roads of rubber and timber firms, open to the public); earth 4,313 km Ports: Buchanan, Greenville, Harper, Monrovia Merchant marine: total: 1,549 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 56,709,634 GRT/97,038,680 DWT ships by type: barge carrier 3, bulk 392, cargo 121, chemical tanker 114, combination bulk 33, combination ore/oil 57, container 124, liquefied gas tanker 75, oil tanker 459, passenger 32, passenger-cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 58, roll-on/roll-off cargo 18, short-sea passenger 1, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 54 note: a flag of convenience registry; includes 53 countries; the 10 major fleet flags are: United States 232 ships, Japan 190, Norway 166, Greece 125, Germany 125, United Kingdom 102, Hong Kong 95, China 45, Russia 41, and the Netherlands 34 Airports: total: 59 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 43 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 3 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 11 Liberia:Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; telephone and telegraph service via radio relay network; main center is Monrovia; most telecommunications services inoperable due to insurgency movement local: NA intercity: NA international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 5 televisions: NA Liberia:Defense Forces Branches: NA; the ultimate structure of the Liberian military force will depend on who is the victor in the ongoing civil war Manpower availability: males age 15-49 732,063; males fit for military service 390,849 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $30 million, 2% of GDP (1994) |