English Dictionary: vertebrate | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Variety \Va*ri"e*ty\, n.; pl. {Varieties}. [L. varietas: cf. F. vari[82]t[82]. See {Various}.] 1. The quality or state of being various; intermixture or succession of different things; diversity; multifariousness. Variety is nothing else but a continued novelty. --South. The variety of colors depends upon the composition of light. --Sir I. Newton. For earth this variety from heaven. --Milton. There is a variety in the tempers of good men. --Atterbury. 2. That which is various. Specifically: (a) A number or collection of different things; a varied assortment; as, a variety of cottons and silks. He . . . wants more time to do that variety of good which his soul thirsts after. --Law. (b) Something varying or differing from others of the same general kind; one of a number of things that are akin; a sort; as, varieties of wood, land, rocks, etc. (c) (Biol.) An individual, or group of individuals, of a species differing from the rest in some one or more of the characteristics typical of the species, and capable either of perpetuating itself for a period, or of being perpetuated by artificial means; hence, a subdivision, or peculiar form, of a species. Note: Varieties usually differ from species in that any two, however unlike, will generally propagate indefinitely (unless they are in their nature unfertile, as some varieties of rose and other cultivated plants); in being a result of climate, food, or other extrinsic conditions or influences, but generally by a sudden, rather than a gradual, development; and in tending in many cases to lose their distinctive peculiarities when the individuals are left to a state of nature, and especially if restored to the conditions that are natural to typical individuals of the species. Many varieties of domesticated animals and of cultivated plants have been directly produced by man. (d) In inorganic nature, one of those forms in which a species may occur, which differ in minor characteristics of structure, color, purity of composition, etc. Note: These may be viewed as variations from the typical species in its most perfect and purest form, or, as is more commonly the case, all the forms, including the latter, may rank as Varieties. Thus, the sapphire is a blue variety, and the ruby a red variety, of corundum; again, calcite has many Varieties differing in form and structure, as Iceland spar, dogtooth spar, satin spar, and also others characterized by the presence of small quantities of magnesia, iron, manganese, etc. Still again, there are Varieties of granite differing in structure, as graphic granite, porphyritic granite, and other Varieties differing in composition, as albitic granite, hornblendic, or syenitic, granite, etc. {Geographical variety} (Biol.), a variety of any species which is coincident with a geographical region, and is usually dependent upon, or caused by, peculiarities of climate. {Variety hybrid} (Biol.), a cross between two individuals of different varieties of the same species; a mongrel. Syn: Diversity; difference; kind. Usage: {Variety}, {Diversity}. A man has a variety of employments when he does many things which are not a mere repetition of the same act; he has a diversity of employments when the several acts performed are unlike each other, that is, diverse. In most cases, where there is variety there will be more or less of diversity, but not always. One who sells railroad tickets performs a great variety of acts in a day, while there is but little diversity in his employment. All sorts are here that all the earth yields! Variety without end. --Milton. But see in all corporeal nature's scene, What changes, what diversities, have been! --Blackmore. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vartabed \Var"ta*bed\, n. [Armen., a doctor, master, preceptor.] (Eccl.) A doctor or teacher in the Armenian church. Members of this order of ecclesiastics frequently have charge of dioceses, with episcopal functions. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Veritable \Ver"i*ta*ble\, a. [F. v[82]ritable. See {Verity}.] Agreeable to truth or to fact; actual; real; true; genuine. [bd]The veritable Deity.[b8] --Sir W. Hamilton. -- {Ver"i*ta*bly}, adv. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Veritable \Ver"i*ta*ble\, a. [F. v[82]ritable. See {Verity}.] Agreeable to truth or to fact; actual; real; true; genuine. [bd]The veritable Deity.[b8] --Sir W. Hamilton. -- {Ver"i*ta*bly}, adv. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Verteber \Ver"te*ber\, n. A vertebra. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Vertebra \[d8]Ver"te*bra\, n.; pl. {Vertebr[91]}. [L. vertebra, fr. vertere to turn, change. See {Verse}.] 1. (Anat.) One of the serial segments of the spinal column. Note: In many fishes the vertebr[91] are simple cartilaginous disks or short cylinders, but in the higher vertebrates they are composed of many parts, and the vertebr[91] in different portions of the same column vary very greatly. A well-developed vertebra usually consists of a more or less cylindrical and solid body, or centrum, which is surmounted dorsally by an arch, leaving an opening which forms a part of the canal containing the spinal cord. From this dorsal, or neural, arch spring various processes, or apophyses, which have received special names: a dorsal, or neural, spine, spinous process, or neurapophysis, on the middle of the arch; two anterior and two posterior articular processes, or zygapophyses; and one or two transverse processes on each side. In those vertebr[91] which bear well-developed ribs, a tubercle near the end of the rib articulates at a tubercular facet on the transverse process (diapophysis), while the end, or head, of the rib articulates at a more ventral capitular facet which is sometimes developed into a second, or ventral, transverse process (parapophysis). In vertebrates with well-developed hind limbs, the spinal column is divided into five regions in each of which the vertebr[91] are specially designated: those vertebr[91] in front of, or anterior to, the first vertebra which bears ribs connected with the sternum are cervical; all those which bear ribs and are back of the cervicals are dorsal; the one or more directly supporting the pelvis are sacral and form the sacrum; those between the sacral and dorsal are lumbar; and all those back of the sacral are caudal, or coccygeal. In man there are seven cervical vertebr[91], twelve dorsal, five lumbar, five sacral, and usually four, but sometimes five and rarely three, coccygeal. 2. (Zo[94]l.) One of the central ossicles in each joint of the arms of an ophiuran. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Axis \Ax"is\, n.; pl. {Axes}. [L. axis axis, axle. See {Axle}.] A straight line, real or imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, or may be supposed to revolve; a line passing through a body or system around which the parts are symmetrically arranged. 2. (Math.) A straight line with respect to which the different parts of a magnitude are symmetrically arranged; as, the axis of a cylinder, i. e., the axis of a cone, that is, the straight line joining the vertex and the center of the base; the axis of a circle, any straight line passing through the center. 3. (Bot.) The stem; the central part, or longitudinal support, on which organs or parts are arranged; the central line of any body. --Gray. 4. (Anat.) (a) The second vertebra of the neck, or {vertebra dentata}. (b) Also used of the body only of the vertebra, which is prolonged anteriorly within the foramen of the first vertebra or atlas, so as to form the odontoid process or peg which serves as a pivot for the atlas and head to turn upon. 5. (Crystallog.) One of several imaginary lines, assumed in describing the position of the planes by which a crystal is bounded. 6. (Fine Arts) The primary or secondary central line of any design. {Anticlinal axis} (Geol.), a line or ridge from which the strata slope downward on the two opposite sides. {Synclinal axis}, a line from which the strata slope upward in opposite directions, so as to form a valley. {Axis cylinder} (Anat.), the neuraxis or essential, central substance of a nerve fiber; -- called also {axis band}, {axial fiber}, and {cylinder axis}. {Axis in peritrochio}, the wheel and axle, one of the mechanical powers. {Axis of a curve} (Geom.), a straight line which bisects a system of parallel chords of a curve; called a {principal axis}, when cutting them at right angles, in which case it divides the curve into two symmetrical portions, as in the parabola, which has one such axis, the ellipse, which has two, or the circle, which has an infinite number. The two axes of the ellipse are the {major axis} and the {minor axis}, and the two axes of the hyperbola are the {transverse axis} and the {conjugate axis}. {Axis of a lens}, the straight line passing through its center and perpendicular to its surfaces. {Axis of a} {telescope [or] microscope}, the straight line with which coincide the axes of the several lenses which compose it. {Axes of co[94]rdinates in a plane}, two straight lines intersecting each other, to which points are referred for the purpose of determining their relative position: they are either rectangular or oblique. {Axes of co[94]rdinates in space}, the three straight lines in which the co[94]rdinate planes intersect each other. {Axis of a balance}, that line about which it turns. {Axis of oscillation}, of a pendulum, a right line passing through the center about which it vibrates, and perpendicular to the plane of vibration. {Axis of polarization}, the central line around which the prismatic rings or curves are arranged. --Brewster. {Axis of revolution} (Descriptive Geom.), a straight line about which some line or plane is revolved, so that the several points of the line or plane shall describe circles with their centers in the fixed line, and their planes perpendicular to it, the line describing a surface of revolution, and the plane a solid of revolution. {Axis of symmetry} (Geom.), any line in a plane figure which divides the figure into two such parts that one part, when folded over along the axis, shall coincide with the other part. {Axis of the} {equator, ecliptic, horizon} (or other circle considered with reference to the sphere on which it lies), the diameter of the sphere which is perpendicular to the plane of the circle. --Hutton. {Axis of the Ionic capital} (Arch.), a line passing perpendicularly through the middle of the eye of the volute. {Neutral axis} (Mech.), the line of demarcation between the horizontal elastic forces of tension and compression, exerted by the fibers in any cross section of a girder. {Optic axis of a crystal}, the direction in which a ray of transmitted light suffers no double refraction. All crystals, not of the isometric system, are either uniaxial or biaxial. {Optic axis}, {Visual axis} (Opt.), the straight line passing through the center of the pupil, and perpendicular to the surface of the eye. {Radical axis of two circles} (Geom.), the straight line perpendicular to the line joining their centers and such that the tangents from any point of it to the two circles shall be equal to each other. {Spiral axis} (Arch.), the axis of a twisted column drawn spirally in order to trace the circumvolutions without. {Axis of abscissas} and {Axis of ordinates}. See {Abscissa}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebral \Ver"te*bral\, a. [Cf. F. vert[82]bral.] 1. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a vertebr[91], or the vertebral column; spinal; rachidian. 2. Vertebrate. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebral \Ver"te*bral\, n. (Zo[94]l.) A vertebrate. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebrally \Ver"te*bral*ly\, adv. (Anat.) At or within a vertebra or vertebr[91]; -- distinguished from interverterbrally. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebrarterial \Ver`te*brar*te"ri*al\, a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to a vertebr[91] and an artery; -- said of the foramina in the transverse processes of cervical vertebr[91] and of the canal which they form for the vertebral artery and vein. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebrate \Ver"te*brate\, Vertebrated \Ver"te*bra`ted\, a. [L. vertebratus.] 1. (Anat.) Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow, as man, quadrupeds, birds, amphibia, and fishes. 2. (Bot.) Contracted at intervals, so as to resemble the spine in animals. --Henslow. 3. (Zo[94]l.) Having movable joints resembling vertebr[91]; -- said of the arms ophiurans. 4. (Zo[94]l.) Of or pertaining to the Vertebrata; -- used only in the form vertebrate. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebrate \Ver"te*brate\, n. (Zo[94]l.) One of the Vertebrata. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebrate \Ver"te*brate\, Vertebrated \Ver"te*bra`ted\, a. [L. vertebratus.] 1. (Anat.) Having a backbone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow, as man, quadrupeds, birds, amphibia, and fishes. 2. (Bot.) Contracted at intervals, so as to resemble the spine in animals. --Henslow. 3. (Zo[94]l.) Having movable joints resembling vertebr[91]; -- said of the arms ophiurans. 4. (Zo[94]l.) Of or pertaining to the Vertebrata; -- used only in the form vertebrate. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebre \Ver"te*bre\, n. (Anat.) A vertebra. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebro- \Ver"te*bro-\ A combining form used in anatomy to indicate connection with, or relation to, a vertebra, vertebr[91], or vertebral column; as in vertebrocostal. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vertebro-iliac \Ver"te*bro-il"i*ac\, a. (Anat.) Iliolumbar. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Virtue \Vir"tue\ (?; 135), n. [OE. vertu, F. vertu, L. virtus strength, courage, excellence, virtue, fr. vir a man. See {Virile}, and cf. {Virtu}.] 1. Manly strength or courage; bravery; daring; spirit; valor. [Obs.] --Shak. Built too strong For force or virtue ever to expugn. --Chapman. 2. Active quality or power; capacity or power adequate to the production of a given effect; energy; strength; potency; efficacy; as, the virtue of a medicine. Jesus, immediately knowing in himself that virtue had gone out of him, turned him about. --Mark v. 30. A man was driven to depend for his security against misunderstanding, upon the pure virtue of his syntax. --De Quincey. The virtue of his midnight agony. --Keble. 3. Energy or influence operating without contact of the material or sensible substance. She moves the body which she doth possess, Yet no part toucheth, but by virtue's touch. --Sir. J. Davies. 4. Excellence; value; merit; meritoriousness; worth. I made virtue of necessity. --Chaucer. In the Greek poets, . . . the economy of poems is better observed than in Terence, who thought the sole grace and virtue of their fable the sticking in of sentences. --B. Jonson. 5. Specifically, moral excellence; integrity of character; purity of soul; performance of duty. Virtue only makes our bliss below. --Pope. If there's Power above us, And that there is all nature cries aloud Through all her works, he must delight in virtue. --Addison. 6. A particular moral excellence; as, the virtue of temperance, of charity, etc. [bd]The very virtue of compassion.[b8] --Shak. [bd]Remember all his virtues.[b8] --Addison. 7. Specifically: Chastity; purity; especially, the chastity of women; virginity. H. I believe the girl has virtue. M. And if she has, I should be the last man in the world to attempt to corrupt it. --Goldsmith. 8. pl. One of the orders of the celestial hierarchy. Thrones, dominations, princedoms, virtues, powers. --Milton. {Cardinal virtues}. See under {Cardinal}, a. {In}, [or] {By}, {virtue of}, through the force of; by authority of. [bd]He used to travel through Greece by virtue of this fable, which procured him reception in all the towns.[b8] --Addison. [bd]This they shall attain, partly in virtue of the promise made by God, and partly in virtue of piety.[b8] --Atterbury. {Theological virtues}, the three virtues, faith, hope, and charity. See --1 Cor. xiii. 13. |