English Dictionary: pussycat | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
{Sand grouse} (Zo[94]l.), any one of many species of Old World birds belonging to the suborder Pterocletes, and resembling both grouse and pigeons. Called also {rock grouse}, {rock pigeon}, and {ganga}. They mostly belong to the genus {Pterocles}, as the common Indian species ({P. exustus}). The large sand grouse ({P. arenarius}), the painted sand grouse ({P. fasciatus}), and the pintail sand grouse ({P. alchata}) are also found in India. See Illust. under {Pterocletes}. {Sand hill}, a hill of sand; a dune. {Sand-hill crane} (Zo[94]l.), the American brown crane ({Grus Mexicana}). {Sand hopper} (Zo[94]l.), a beach flea; an orchestian. {Sand hornet} (Zo[94]l.), a sand wasp. {Sand lark}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) A small lark ({Alaudala raytal}), native of India. (b) A small sandpiper, or plover, as the ringneck, the sanderling, and the common European sandpiper. (c) The Australian red-capped dotterel ({[92]gialophilus ruficapillus}); -- called also {red-necked plover}. {Sand launce} (Zo[94]l.), a lant, or launce. {Sand lizard} (Zo[94]l.), a common European lizard ({Lacerta agilis}). {Sand martin} (Zo[94]l.), the bank swallow. {Sand mole} (Zo[94]l.), the coast rat. {Sand monitor} (Zo[94]l.), a large Egyptian lizard ({Monitor arenarius}) which inhabits dry localities. {Sand mouse} (Zo[94]l.), the dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] {Sand myrtle}. (Bot.) See under {Myrtle}. {Sand partridge} (Zo[94]l.), either of two small Asiatic partridges of the genus {Ammoperdix}. The wings are long and the tarsus is spurless. One species ({A. Heeji}) inhabits Palestine and Arabia. The other species ({A. Bonhami}), inhabiting Central Asia, is called also {seesee partridge}, and {teehoo}. {Sand picture}, a picture made by putting sand of different colors on an adhesive surface. {Sand pike}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) The sauger. (b) The lizard fish. {Sand pillar}, a sand storm which takes the form of a whirling pillar in its progress in desert tracts like those of the Sahara and Mongolia. {Sand pipe} (Geol.), a tubular cavity, from a few inches to several feet in depth, occurring especially in calcareous rocks, and often filled with gravel, sand, etc.; -- called also {sand gall}. {Sand pride} (Zo[94]l.), a small British lamprey now considered to be the young of larger species; -- called also {sand prey}. {Sand pump}, in artesian well boring, a long, slender bucket with a valve at the bottom for raising sand from the well. {Sand rat} (Zo[94]l.), the pocket gopher. {Sand rock}, a rock made of cemented sand. {Sand runner} (Zo[94]l.), the turnstone. {Sand saucer} (Zo[94]l.), the mass of egg capsules, or o[94]thec[91], of any mollusk of the genus {Natica} and allied genera. It has the shape of a bottomless saucer, and is coated with fine sand; -- called also {sand collar}. {Sand screw} (Zo[94]l.), an amphipod crustacean ({Lepidactylis arenarius}), which burrows in the sandy seabeaches of Europe and America. {Sand shark} (Zo[94]l.), an American shark ({Odontaspis littoralis}) found on the sandy coasts of the Eastern United States; -- called also {gray shark}, and {dogfish shark}. See Illust. under {Remora}. {Sand skink} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of Old World lizards belonging to the genus {Seps}; as, the ocellated sand skink ({Seps ocellatus}) of Southern Europe. {Sand skipper} (Zo[94]l.), a beach flea, or orchestian. {Sand smelt} (Zo[94]l.), a silverside. {Sand snake}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) Any one of several species of harmless burrowing snakes of the genus {Eryx}, native of Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia, especially {E. jaculus} of India and {E. Johnii}, used by snake charmers. (b) Any innocuous South African snake of the genus {Psammophis}, especially {P. sibilans}. {Sand snipe} (Zo[94]l.), the sandpiper. {Sand star} (Zo[94]l.), an ophiurioid starfish living on sandy sea bottoms; a brittle star. {Sand storm}, a cloud of sand driven violently by the wind. {Sand sucker}, the sandnecker. {Sand swallow} (Zo[94]l.), the bank swallow. See under {Bank}. {Sand tube}, a tube made of sand. Especially: (a) A tube of vitrified sand, produced by a stroke of lightning; a fulgurite. (b) (Zo[94]l.) Any tube made of cemented sand. (c) (Zo[94]l.) In starfishes, a tube having calcareous particles in its wall, which connects the oral water tube with the madreporic plate. {Sand viper}. (Zo[94]l.) See {Hognose snake}. {Sand wasp} (Zo[94]l.), any one of numerous species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families {Pompilid[91]} and {Spherid[91]}, which dig burrows in sand. The female provisions the nest with insects or spiders which she paralyzes by stinging, and which serve as food for her young. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pachuca tank \Pa*chu"ca tank\ (Metallurgy) A high and narrow tank, with a central cylinder for the introduction of compressed air, used in the agitation and settling of pulp (pulverized ore and water) during treatment by the cyanide process; -- so named because, though originally devised in New Zealand, it was first practically introduced in Pachuca, Mexico. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peacock Throne \Pea"cock` Throne\ 1. A famous throne formerly of the kings of Delhi, India, but since 1739, when it was carried off by Nadir Shah, held by the shahs of Persia (later Iran); -- so called from its bearing a fully expanded peacock's tail done in gems. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pea-jacket \Pea"-jack`et\, n. [Prob. fr. D. pij, pije, a coat of a coarse woolen stuff.] A thick loose woolen jacket, or coat, much worn by sailors in cold weather. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pegasoid \Peg"a*soid\, a. [Pegasus + -oid.] (Zo[94]l.) Like or pertaining to Pegasus. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pezizoid \Pez"i*zoid\, a. [Peziza + -oid.] (Bot.) Resembling a fungus of the genus Peziza; having a cuplike form. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Phagocyte \Phag"o*cyte\, n. [Gr. [?] to eat + [?] a hollow vessel.] (Physiol.) A leucocyte which plays a part in retrogressive processes by taking up (eating), in the form of fine granules, the parts to be removed. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Phassachate \Phas"sa*chate\, n. [Gr. [?] the wood pigeon + [?] the agate.] (Min.) The lead-colored agate; -- so called in reference to its color. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Squirrel \Squir"rel\ (skw[etil]r"r[etil]l or skw[icr]r"-; 277), n. [OE. squirel, OF. esquirel, escurel, F. [82]cureuil, LL. squirelus, squirolus, scuriolus, dim. of L. sciurus, Gr. si`oyros; skia` shade + o'yra` tail. Cf. {Shine}, v. i.] 1. (Zo[94]l.) Any one of numerous species of small rodents belonging to the genus {Sciurus} and several allied genera of the family {Sciurid[91]}. Squirrels generally have a bushy tail, large erect ears, and strong hind legs. They are commonly arboreal in their habits, but many species live in burrows. Note: Among the common North American squirrels are the gray squirrel ({Scirius Carolinensis}) and its black variety; the fox, or cat, sqirrel ({S. cinereus}, or {S. niger}) which is a large species, and variable in color, the southern variety being frequently black, while the northern and western varieties are usually gray or rusty brown; the red squirrel (see {Chickaree}); the striped, or chipping, squirrel (see {Chipmunk}); and the California gray squirrel ({S. fossor}). Several other species inhabit Mexico and Central America. The common European species ({Sciurus vulgaris}) has a long tuft of hair on each ear. the so-called Australian squirrels are marsupials. See {Petaurist}, and {Phalanger}. 2. One of the small rollers of a carding machine which work with the large cylinder. {Barking squirrel} (Zo[94]l.), the prairie dog. {Federation squirrel} (Zo[94]l.), the striped gopher. See {Gopher}, 2. {Flying squirrel} (Zo[94]l.). See {Flying squirrel}, in the Vocabulary. {Java squirrel} (Zo[94]l.). See {Jelerang}. {Squirrel corn} (Bot.), a North American herb ({Dicantra Canadensis}) bearing little yellow tubers. {Squirrel cup} (Bot.), the blossom of the {Hepatica triloba}, a low perennial herb with cup-shaped flowers varying from purplish blue to pink or even white. It is one of the earliest flowers of spring. {Squirrel fish} (Zo[94]l.) (a) A sea bass ({Serranus fascicularis}) of the Southern United States. (b) The sailor's choice ({Diplodus rhomboides}). (c) The redmouth, or grunt. (d) A market fish of Bermuda ({Holocentrum Ascensione}). {Squirrel grass} (Bot.), a pestiferous grass ({Hordeum murinum}) related to barley. In California the stiffly awned spiklets work into the wool of sheep, and into the throat, flesh, and eyes of animals, sometimes even producing death. {Squirrel hake} (Zo[94]l.), a common American hake ({Phycis tenuis}); -- called also {white hake}. {Squirrel hawk} (Zo[94]l.), any rough-legged hawk; especially, the California species {Archibuteo ferrugineus}. {Squirrel monkey}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) Any one of several species of small, soft-haired South American monkeys of the genus {Calithrix}. They are noted for their graceful form and agility. See {Teetee}. (b) A marmoset. {Squirrel petaurus} (Zo[94]l.), a flying phalanger of Australia. See {Phalanger}, {Petaurist}, and {Flying phalanger} under {Flying}. {Squirrel shrew} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic insectivores of the genus {Tupaia}. They are allied to the shrews, but have a bushy tail, like that of a squirrel. {Squirrel-tail grass} (Bot.), a grass ({Hordeum jubatum}) found in salt marshes and along the Great Lakes, having a dense spike beset with long awns. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Physic \Phys"ic\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Physiced}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Physicking}.] 1. To treat with physic or medicine; to administer medicine to, esp. a cathartic; to operate on as a cathartic; to purge. 2. To work on as a remedy; to heal; to cure. The labor we delight in physics pain. --Shak. A mind diseased no remedy can physic. --Byron. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Physico-theology \Phys`i*co-the*ol"o*gy\, n. [Physico- + theology.] Theology or divinity illustrated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Physostigmine \Phy`so*stig"mine\, n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (the seed of {Physostigma venenosum}), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called {eserine}, with which it was regarded as identical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Eserine \Es"er*ine\ (?; 104), n. [From native name of the Calabar bean: cf. F. [82]s[82]rine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean, and the seed of {Physostigma venenosum}; physostigmine. It is used in ophthalmic surgery for its effect in contracting the pupil. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Calabar \Cal"a*bar\, n. A district on the west coast of Africa. {Calabar bean}, The of a climbing legumious plant ({Physostigma venenosum}), a native of tropical Africa. It is highly poisonous. It is used to produce contraction of the pupil of the eye; also in tetanus, neuralgia, and rheumatic diseases; -- called also {ordeal bean}, being used by the negroes in trials for witchcraft. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Physostigmine \Phy`so*stig"mine\, n. (Chem.) An alkaloid found in the Calabar bean (the seed of {Physostigma venenosum}), and extracted as a white, tasteless, substance, amorphous or crystalline; -- formerly called {eserine}, with which it was regarded as identical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Physostomous \Phy*sos"to*mous\, a. (Zo[94]l.) (a) Having a duct to the air bladder. (b) Pertaining to the Physostomi. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
5. (Chess) One of the superior men, distinguished from a pawn. 6. A castle; a fortified building. [Obs.] --Spenser. {Of a piece}, of the same sort, as if taken from the same whole; like; -- sometimes followed by with. --Dryden. {Piece of eight}, the Spanish piaster, formerly divided into eight reals. {To give a piece of one's mind to}, to speak plainly, bluntly, or severely to (another). --Thackeray. {Piece broker}, one who buys shreds and remnants of cloth to sell again. {Piece goods}, goods usually sold by pieces or fixed portions, as shirtings, calicoes, sheetings, and the like. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pixy \Pix"y\, Pixie \Pix"ie\, n.; pl. {Pixies}. [For Pucksy, from Puck.] 1. An old English name for a fairy; an elf. [Written also {picksy}.] 2. (Bot.) A low creeping evergreen plant ({Pyxidanthera barbulata}), with mosslike leaves and little white blossoms, found in New Jersey and southward, where it flowers in earliest spring. {Pixy ring}, a fairy ring or circle. [Prov. Eng.] {Pixy stool} (Bot.), a toadstool or mushroom. [Prov. Eng.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pocky \Pock"y\, a. [Compar. {Pockier}; superl. {Pockiest}.] Full of pocks; affected with smallpox or other eruptive disease. --Bp. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Patchouli \Pa*tchou"li\, Patchouly \Pa*tchou"ly\, n. [CF. F. patchouli; prob. of East Indian origin.] 1. (Bot.) A mintlike plant ({Pogostemon Patchouli}) of the East Indies, yielding an essential oil from which a highly valued perfume is made. 2. The perfume made from this plant. {Patchouly camphor} (Chem.), a substance homologous with and resembling borneol, found in patchouly oil. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Possess \Pos*sess"\ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Possessed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Possessing}.] [L. possessus, p. p. of possidere to have, possess, from an inseparable prep. (cf. {Position}) + sedere to sit. See {Sit}.] 1. To occupy in person; to hold or actually have in one's own keeping; to have and to hold. Houses and fields and vineyards shall be possessed again in this land. --Jer. xxxii. 15. Yet beauty, though injurious, hath strange power, After offense returning, to regain Love once possessed. --Milton. 2. To have the legal title to; to have a just right to; to be master of; to own; to have; as, to possess property, an estate, a book. I am yours, and all that I possess. --Shak. 3. To obtain occupation or possession of; to accomplish; to gain; to seize. How . . . to possess the purpose they desired. --Spenser. 4. To enter into and influence; to control the will of; to fill; to affect; -- said especially of evil spirits, passions, etc. [bd]Weakness possesseth me.[b8] --Shak. Those which were possessed with devils. --Matt. iv. 24. For ten inspired, ten thousand are possessed. --Roscommon. 5. To put in possession; to make the owner or holder of property, power, knowledge, etc.; to acquaint; to inform; -- followed by of or with before the thing possessed, and now commonly used reflexively. I have possessed your grace of what I purpose. --Shak. Record a gift . . . of all he dies possessed Unto his son. --Shak. We possessed our selves of the kingdom of Naples. --Addison. To possess our minds with an habitual good intention. --Addison. Syn: To have; hold; occupy; control; own. Usage: {Possess}, {Have}. Have is the more general word. To possess denotes to have as a property. It usually implies more permanence or definiteness of control or ownership than is involved in having. A man does not possess his wife and children: they are (so to speak) part of himself. For the same reason, we have the faculties of reason, understanding, will, sound judgment, etc.: they are exercises of the mind, not possessions. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Psychiatric \Psy`chi*at"ric\, a. (Med.) Of or pertaining to psychiatria. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Psychiatria \[d8]Psy*chi`a*tri"a\, Psychiatry \Psy*chi"a*try\, n. [NL. psychiatria, fr. Gr. [?] the mind + [?] healing.] (Med.) The application of the healing art to mental diseases. --Dunglison. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Psychotherapeutics \Psy`cho*ther`a*peu"tics\, n. [Psycho- + therapeutics.] (Med.) The treatment of disease by acting on the mind, as by suggestion; mind cure; psychotherapy. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Psychotherapy \Psy`cho*ther"a*py\, n. [Psycho- + therapy.] (Med.) Psychotherapeutics. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ipecacuanha \Ip`e*cac`u*an"ha\, n. [Pg. ipecacuanha (cf. Sp. ipecacuana); fr. Braz. ipe-kaa-guena, prop., a creeping plant that causes vomiting.] (Med. & Bot.) The root of a Brazilian rubiaceous herb ({Cepha[89]lis Ipecacuanha}), largely employed as an emetic; also, the plant itself; also, a medicinal extract of the root. Many other plants are used as a substitutes; among them are the black or Peruvian ipecac ({Psychotria emetica}), the white ipecac ({Ionidium Ipecacuanha}), the bastard or wild ipecac ({Asclepias Curassavica}), and the undulated ipecac ({Richardsonia scabra}). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Puseyistic \Pu"sey*is"tic\, Puseyite \Pu"sey*ite\, a. Of or pertaining to Puseyism. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pussy \Pussy\, n. [Dim. of puss.] 1. A pet name for a cat; also, an endearing name for a girl. 2. A catkin of the pussy willow. 3. The game of tipcat; -- also called {pussy cat}. {Pussy willow} (Bot.), any kind of willow having large cylindrical catkins clothed with long glossy hairs, especially the American {Salix discolor}; -- called also {glaucous willow}, and {swamp willow}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pygostyle \Py"go*style\, n. [Gr. [?] the rump + [?] a pillar.] (Anat.) The plate of bone which forms the posterior end of the vertebral column in most birds; the plowshare bone; the vomer. It is formed by the union of a number of the last caudal vertebr[91], and supports the uropigium. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Peshastin, WA Zip code(s): 98847 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Pocasset, MA (CDP, FIPS 54450) Location: 41.69124 N, 70.63731 W Population (1990): 2756 (2143 housing units) Area: 9.8 sq km (land), 15.7 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 02559 Pocasset, OK Zip code(s): 73079 | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
psychedelicware /si:`k*-del'-ik-weir/ n. [UK] Syn. {display hack}. See also {smoking clover}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
psychedelicware /si:"k*-del"-ik-weir/ [UK] Synonym {display hack}. See also {smoking clover}. [{Jargon File}] | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Pakistan Pakistan:Geography Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran Map references: Asia Area: total area: 803,940 sq km land area: 778,720 sq km comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California Land boundaries: total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km Coastline: 1,046 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream riparian India Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone Land use: arable land: 23% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 4% other: 67% (1993) Irrigated land: 170,000 sq km (1992) Environment: current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August) international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation Note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent Pakistan:People Population: 131,541,920 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 28,033,354; male 29,777,818) 15-64 years: 52% (female 33,456,410; male 35,109,482) 65 years and over: 4% (female 2,556,846; male 2,608,010) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.28% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 41.8 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -16.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 99.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 57.86 years male: 57.18 years female: 58.56 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.35 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Pakistani(s) adjective: Pakistani Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India and their descendents) Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3% Languages: Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi and other 9% Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 35% male: 47% female: 21% Labor force: 36 million by occupation: agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19% note: extensive export of labor Pakistan:Government Names: conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan conventional short form: Pakistan former: West Pakistan Digraph: PK Type: republic Capital: Islamabad Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK) National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic) Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985 Legal system: based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims Executive branch: chief of state: President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI; election last held 13 November 1993 (next to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies head of government: Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO cabinet: Cabinet Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) Senate: elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2, vacant 1 National Assembly: elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, Religious minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results pending 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court Political parties and leaders: government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Maulana Kausar NIAZI; Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI opposition: Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI KHAN; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A), Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH) frequently shifting: Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP); Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Party), the IJM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F); Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction (JUP/NO); Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F); Pakistan National Party (PNP) note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently Other political or pressure groups: military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small merchants also influential Member of: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Maleeha LODHI chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 939-6200 FAX: [1] (202) 387-0484 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador John C. MONJO embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad mailing address: P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Unit 6220, Islamabad; APO AE 09812-2000 telephone: [92] (51) 826161 through 826179 FAX: [92] (51) 214222 consulate(s) general: Karachi, Lahore consulate(s): Peshawar Flag: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam Economy Overview: The Pakistani economy has made progress in several key areas since Benazir BHUTTO became Prime Minister in October 1993. She has been under pressure from international donors and the IMF - which gave Pakistan a $1.3 billion structural adjustment credit in February 1994 - to continue the economic reforms and austerity measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October 1993). Foreign exchange reserves climbed to more than $3 billion in 1994, and the budget deficit was substantially reduced. Real GDP growth was 4% in FY93/94, up from 2.3% in FY92/93. Foreign direct and portfolio investment also have increased. Privatization of large public sector utilities began in 1994 with the sale of 12% of the Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation (PTC) and the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); the sale of state-owned banks and other large units are planned for 1995. Still, the government must cope with long-standing economic vulnerabilities - high levels of debt service and defense spending, a small tax base, a huge population, and dependence on cotton-based exports - which hamper its ability to create a stable economic environment. In addition, Pakistan's infrastructure is inadequate and deteriorating, low levels of literacy constrain industrial growth, and increasing sectarian, ethnic, and tribal violence disrupt production. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $248.5 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,930 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12% (FY93/94) Unemployment rate: 10% (FY90/91 est.) Budget: revenues: $10.5 billion expenditures: $11.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (FY93/94) Exports: $6.7 billion (1993) commodities: cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets partners: US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France Imports: $9.5 billion (1993) commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals partners: Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea External debt: $24 billion (1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 5.6% (FY93/94); accounts for 18% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 10,800,000 kW (1994) production: 52.4 billion kWh consumption per capita: 389 kWh (1993) Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp Agriculture: 24% of GDP; world's largest contiguous irrigation system; major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs Illicit drugs: major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug trade; remains world's third largest opium producer (160 metric tons in 1994); major center for processing Afghan heroin and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market Economic aid: recipient: $2.5 billion (FY91/92); $2.5 billion (FY92/93); $2.5 billion (FY93/94); no US commitments, includes bi- and multilateral aid Currency: 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 30.860 (January 1995), 30.570 (1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June Pakistan:Transportation Railroads: total: 8,773 km broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified; 1,037 double track) narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge; 610 km less than 1.000-m gauge (1985) Highways: total: 177,410 km paved: 94,027 km unpaved: 83,383 km (1991 est.) Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987) Ports: Gwadar, Karachi, Ormaro (under construction), Port Muhammad bin Qasim Merchant marine: total: 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 352,189 GRT/532,782 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 25, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 3 Airports: total: 119 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 12 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 21 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 33 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14 with paved runways under 914 m: 24 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 7 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 Pakistan:Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; about 7 telephones/1,000 persons; the domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government and business use; the system for international traffic is better local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay international: 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) earth stations; microwave radio relay Radio: broadcast stations: AM 19, FM 8, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 29 televisions: NA Pakistan:Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard, paramilitary/security forces Manpower availability: males age 15-49 30,219,551; males fit for military service 18,544,008; males reach military age (17) annually 1,429,719 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 5.6% of GDP (FY94/95) |