English Dictionary: par | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Thermoelectric couple \Ther`mo*e*lec"tric couple\ [or] pair \pair\ (Elec.) A union of two conductors, as bars or wires of dissimilar metals joined at their extremities, for producing a thermoelectric current. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. {Apparel}, {Par} equality, {Peer} an equal.] 1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. [bd]A pair of beads.[b8] --Chaucer. --Beau. & Fl. [bd]Four pair of stairs.[b8] --Macaulay. Note: [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.] Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. --Beau. & Fl. 2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes. 3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen. 4. A married couple; a man and wife. [bd]A happy pair.[b8] --Dryden. [bd]The hapless pair.[b8] --Milton. 5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows. 6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant] 7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion. Note: Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair. {Pair royal} (pl. {Pairs Royal}) three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three [bd]eight spots[b8] etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. [bd]Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand.[b8] --Goldsmith. [bd]That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates].[b8] --Quarles. [Written corruptly {parial} and {prial}.] Syn: {Pair}, {Flight}, {Set}. Usage: Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A [bd]pair of stairs[b8] is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, [bd]flight of stairs.[b8] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, v. t. [See {Impair}.] To impair. [Obs.] --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Paired}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Pairing}.] 1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding. 2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart. My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. --Rowe. 3. Same as {To pair off}. See phrase below. {To pair off}, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See {Pair}, n., 6. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another. Glossy jet is paired with shining white. --Pope. 2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant] {Paired fins}. (Zo[94]l.) See under {Fin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Thermoelectric couple \Ther`mo*e*lec"tric couple\ [or] pair \pair\ (Elec.) A union of two conductors, as bars or wires of dissimilar metals joined at their extremities, for producing a thermoelectric current. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, n. [F. paire, LL. paria, L. paria, pl. of par pair, fr. par, adj., equal. Cf. {Apparel}, {Par} equality, {Peer} an equal.] 1. A number of things resembling one another, or belonging together; a set; as, a pair or flight of stairs. [bd]A pair of beads.[b8] --Chaucer. --Beau. & Fl. [bd]Four pair of stairs.[b8] --Macaulay. Note: [Now mostly or quite disused, except as to stairs.] Two crowns in my pocket, two pair of cards. --Beau. & Fl. 2. Two things of a kind, similar in form, suited to each other, and intended to be used together; as, a pair of gloves or stockings; a pair of shoes. 3. Two of a sort; a span; a yoke; a couple; a brace; as, a pair of horses; a pair of oxen. 4. A married couple; a man and wife. [bd]A happy pair.[b8] --Dryden. [bd]The hapless pair.[b8] --Milton. 5. A single thing, composed of two pieces fitted to each other and used together; as, a pair of scissors; a pair of tongs; a pair of bellows. 6. Two members of opposite parties or opinion, as in a parliamentary body, who mutually agree not to vote on a given question, or on issues of a party nature during a specified time; as, there were two pairs on the final vote. [Parliamentary Cant] 7. (Kinematics) In a mechanism, two elements, or bodies, which are so applied to each other as to mutually constrain relative motion. Note: Pairs are named in accordance with the kind of motion they permit; thus, a journal and its bearing form a turning pair, a cylinder and its piston a sliding pair, a screw and its nut a twisting pair, etc. Any pair in which the constraining contact is along lines or at points only (as a cam and roller acting together), is designated a higher pair; any pair having constraining surfaces which fit each other (as a cylindrical pin and eye, a screw and its nut, etc.), is called a lower pair. {Pair royal} (pl. {Pairs Royal}) three things of a sort; -- used especially of playing cards in some games, as cribbage; as three kings, three [bd]eight spots[b8] etc. Four of a kind are called a double pair royal. [bd]Something in his face gave me as much pleasure as a pair royal of naturals in my own hand.[b8] --Goldsmith. [bd]That great pair royal of adamantine sisters [the Fates].[b8] --Quarles. [Written corruptly {parial} and {prial}.] Syn: {Pair}, {Flight}, {Set}. Usage: Originally, pair was not confined to two things, but was applied to any number of equal things (pares), that go together. Ben Jonson speaks of a pair (set) of chessmen; also, he and Lord Bacon speak of a pair (pack) of cards. A [bd]pair of stairs[b8] is still in popular use, as well as the later expression, [bd]flight of stairs.[b8] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, v. t. [See {Impair}.] To impair. [Obs.] --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Paired}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Pairing}.] 1. To be joined in paris; to couple; to mate, as for breeding. 2. To suit; to fit, as a counterpart. My heart was made to fit and pair with thine. --Rowe. 3. Same as {To pair off}. See phrase below. {To pair off}, to separate from a company in pairs or couples; specif. (Parliamentary Cant), to agree with one of the opposite party or opinion to abstain from voting on specified questions or issues. See {Pair}, n., 6. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pair \Pair\, v. t. 1. To unite in couples; to form a pair of; to bring together, as things which belong together, or which complement, or are adapted to one another. Glossy jet is paired with shining white. --Pope. 2. To engage (one's self) with another of opposite opinions not to vote on a particular question or class of questions. [Parliamentary Cant] {Paired fins}. (Zo[94]l.) See under {Fin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Par \Par\, n. 1. An amount which is taken as an average or mean. [Eng.] 2. (Golf) The number of strokes required for a hole or a round played without mistake, two strokes being allowed on each hole for putting. Par represents perfect play, whereas bogey makes allowance on some holes for human frailty. Thus if par for a course is 75, bogey is usually put down, arbitrarily, as 81 or 82. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Par \Par\, prep. [F., fr. L. per. See {Per}.] By; with; -- used frequently in Early English in phrases taken from the French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Par \Par\, n. (Zo[94]l.) See {Parr}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Par \Par\, n. [L. par, adj., equal. See {Peer} an equal.] 1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper. 2. Equality of condition or circumstances. {At par}, at the original price; neither at a discount nor at a premium. {Above par}, at a premium. {Below par}, at a discount. {On a par}, on a level; in the same condition, circumstances, position, rank, etc.; as, their pretensions are on a par; his ability is on a par with his ambition. {Par of exchange}. See under {Exchange}. {Par value}, nominal value; face value. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Para- \Par"a-\ [Gr. [?] beside; prob. akin to E. for- in forgive. Cf. {For-}.] 1. A prefix signifying alongside of, beside, beyond, against, amiss; as parable, literally, a placing beside; paradox, that which is contrary to opinion; parachronism. 2. (Chem.) A prefix denoting: (a) Likeness, similarity, or connection, or that the substance resembles, but is distinct from, that to the name of which it is prefixed; as paraldehyde, paraconine, etc.; also, an isomeric modification. (b) Specifically: (Organ. Chem.) That two groups or radicals substituted in the benzene nucleus are opposite, or in the respective positions 1 and 4; 2 and 5; or 3 and 6, as paraxylene; paroxybenzoic acid. Cf. {Ortho-}, and {Meta-}. Also used adjectively. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Para0 \Pa*r[a0]"\, n. 1. The southern arm of the Amazon in Brazil; also, a seaport on this arm. 2. Short for {Par[a0] rubber}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pare \Pare\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Pared}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Paring}.] [F. parer to pare, as a horse's hoofs, to dress or curry, as, leather, to clear, as anchors or cables, to parry, ward off, fr. L. parare to prepare. Cf. {Empire}, {Parade}, {Pardon}, {Parry}, {Prepare}.] 1. To cut off, or shave off, the superficial substance or extremities of; as, to pare an apple; to pare a horse's hoof. 2. To remove; to separate; to cut or shave, as the skin, ring, or outside part, from anything; -- followed by off or away; as; to pare off the ring of fruit; to pare away redundancies. 3. Fig.: To diminish the bulk of; to reduce; to lessen. The king began to pare a little the privilege of clergy. --Bacon. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pari- \Par"i-\ [L. par, paris, equal.] A combining form signifying equal; as, paridigitate, paripinnate. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pariah \Pa"ri*ah\, n. [From Tamil paraiyan, pl. paraiyar, one of the low caste, fr. parai a large drum, because they beat the drums at certain festivals.] 1. One of an aboriginal people of Southern India, regarded by the four castes of the Hindoos as of very low grade. They are usually the serfs of the Sudra agriculturalists. See {Caste}. --Balfour (Cyc. of India). 2. An outcast; one despised by society. {Pariah dog} (Zo[94]l.), a mongrel race of half-wild dogs which act as scavengers in Oriental cities. {Pariah kite} (Zo[94]l.), a species of kite ({Milvus govinda}) which acts as a scavenger in India. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Parr \Parr\, n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zo[94]l.) (a) A young salmon in the stage when it has dark transverse bands; -- called also {samlet}, {skegger}, and {fingerling}. (b) A young leveret. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Axis \[d8]Ax"is\, n. [L.] (Zo[94]l.) The spotted deer ({Cervus axis} or {Axis maculata}) of India, where it is called {hog deer} and {parrah} (Moorish name). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Parry \Par"ry\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Parried}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Parrying}.] [F. par[82], p. p. of parer. See {Pare}, v. t.] 1. To ward off; to stop, or to turn aside; as, to parry a thrust, a blow, or anything that means or threatens harm. --Locke. Vice parries wide The undreaded volley with a sword of straw. --Cowper. 2. To avoid; to shift or put off; to evade. The French government has parried the payment of our claims. --E. Everett. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Parry \Par"ry\, v. i. To ward off, evade, or turn aside something, as a blow, argument, etc. --Locke. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Parry \Par"ry\, n.; pl. {Parries}. A warding off of a thrust or blow, as in sword and bayonet exercises or in boxing; hence, figuratively, a defensive movement in debate or other intellectual encounter. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Payer \Pay"er\, n. One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or should be, paid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Payor \Pay*or"\, n. (Law) See {Payer}. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pea \Pea\, n.; pl. {Peas}or {Pease}. [OE. pese, fr. AS. pisa, or OF. peis, F. pois; both fr. L. pisum; cf. Gr. [?], [?]. The final s was misunderstood in English as a plural ending. Cf. {Pease}.] 1. (Bot.) A plant, and its fruit, of the genus {Pisum}, of many varieties, much cultivated for food. It has a papilionaceous flower, and the pericarp is a legume, popularly called a pod. Note: When a definite number, more than one, is spoken of, the plural form peas is used; as, the pod contained nine peas; but, in a collective sense, the form pease is preferred; as, a bushel of pease; they had pease at dinner. This distinction is not always preserved, the form peas being used in both senses. 2. A name given, especially in the Southern States, to the seed of several leguminous plants (species of {Dolichos}, {Cicer}, {Abrus}, etc.) esp. those having a scar (hilum) of a different color from the rest of the seed. Note: The name pea is given to many leguminous plants more or less closely related to the common pea. See the Phrases, below. {Beach pea} (Bot.), a seashore plant, {Lathyrus maritimus}. {Black-eyed pea}, a West Indian name for {Dolichos sph[91]rospermus} and its seed. {Butterfly pea}, the American plant {Clitoria Mariana}, having showy blossoms. {Chick pea}. See {Chick-pea}. {Egyptian pea}. Same as {Chick-pea}. {Everlasting pea}. See under {Everlasting}. {Glory pea}. See under {Glory}, n. {Hoary pea}, any plant of the genus {Tephrosia}; goat's rue. {Issue pea}, {Orris pea}. (Med.) See under {Issue}, and {Orris}. {Milk pea}. (Bot.) See under {Milk}. {Pea berry}, a kind of a coffee bean or grain which grows single, and is round or pea-shaped; often used adjectively; as, pea-berry coffee. {Pea bug}. (Zo[94]l.) Same as {Pea weevil}. {Pea coal}, a size of coal smaller than nut coal. {Pea crab} (Zo[94]l.), any small crab of the genus {Pinnotheres}, living as a commensal in bivalves; esp., the European species ({P. pisum}) which lives in the common mussel and the cockle. {Pea dove} (Zo[94]l.), the American ground dove. {Pea-flower tribe} (Bot.), a suborder ({Papilionace[91]}) of leguminous plants having blossoms essentially like that of the pea. --G. Bentham. {Pea maggot} (Zo[94]l.), the larva of a European moth ({Tortrix pisi}), which is very destructive to peas. {Pea ore} (Min.), argillaceous oxide of iron, occurring in round grains of a size of a pea; pisolitic ore. {Pea starch}, the starch or flour of the common pea, which is sometimes used in adulterating wheat flour, pepper, etc. {Pea tree} (Bot.), the name of several leguminous shrubs of the genus {Caragana}, natives of Siberia and China. {Pea vine}. (Bot.) (a) Any plant which bears peas. (b) A kind of vetch or tare, common in the United States ({Lathyrus Americana}, and other similar species). {Pea weevil} (Zo[94]l.), a small weevil ({Bruchus pisi}) which destroys peas by eating out the interior. {Pigeon pea}. (Bot.) See {Pigeon pea}. {Sweet pea} (Bot.), the annual plant {Lathyrus odoratus}; also, its many-colored, sweet-scented blossoms. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pear \Pear\ (p[acir]r), n. [OE. pere, AS. peru, L. pirum: cf. F. poire. Cf. {Perry}.] (Bot.) The fleshy pome, or fruit, of a rosaceous tree ({Pyrus communis}), cultivated in many varieties in temperate climates; also, the tree which bears this fruit. See {Pear family}, below. {Pear blight}. (a) (Bot.) A name of two distinct diseases of pear trees, both causing a destruction of the branches, viz., that caused by a minute insect ({Xyleborus pyri}), and that caused by the freezing of the sap in winter. --A. J. Downing. (b) (Zo[94]l.) A very small beetle ({Xyleborus pyri}) whose larv[91] bore in the twigs of pear trees and cause them to wither. {Pear family} (Bot.), a suborder of rosaceous plants ({Pome[91]}), characterized by the calyx tube becoming fleshy in fruit, and, combined with the ovaries, forming a pome. It includes the apple, pear, quince, service berry, and hawthorn. {Pear gauge} (Physics), a kind of gauge for measuring the exhaustion of an air-pump receiver; -- so called because consisting in part of a pear-shaped glass vessel. {Pear shell} (Zo[94]l.), any marine gastropod shell of the genus {Pyrula}, native of tropical seas; -- so called from the shape. {Pear slug} (Zo[94]l.), the larva of a sawfly which is very injurious to the foliage of the pear tree. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peer \Peer\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Peered}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Peering}.] [OF. parir, pareir equiv. to F. para[8c]tre to appear, L. parere. Cf. {Appear}.] 1. To come in sight; to appear. [Poetic] So honor peereth in the meanest habit. --Shak. See how his gorget peers above his gown! --B. Jonson. 2. [Perh. a different word; cf. OE. piren, LG. piren. Cf. {Pry} to peep.] To look narrowly or curiously or intently; to peep; as, the peering day. --Milton. Peering in maps for ports, and piers, and roads. --Shak. As if through a dungeon grate he peered. --Coleridge. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peer \Peer\ v. t. To make equal in rank. [R.] --Heylin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peer \Peer\ v. t. To be, or to assume to be, equal. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peer \Peer\, n. [OE. per, OF. per, F. pair, fr. L. par equal. Cf. {Apparel}, {Pair}, {Par}, n., {Umpire}.] 1. One of the same rank, quality, endowments, character, etc.; an equal; a match; a mate. In song he never had his peer. --Dryden. Shall they consort only with their peers? --I. Taylor. 2. A comrade; a companion; a fellow; an associate. He all his peers in beauty did surpass. --Spenser. 3. A nobleman; a member of one of the five degrees of the British nobility, namely, duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron; as, a peer of the realm. A noble peer of mickle trust and power. --Milton. {House of Peers}, {The Peers}, the British House of Lords. See {Parliament}. {Spiritual peers}, the bishops and archibishops, or lords spiritual, who sit in the House of Lords. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peerie \Peer"ie\, Peery \Peer"y\, a. [See 1st {Peer}, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [bd]Two peery gray eyes.[b8] --Sir W. Scott. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peerie \Peer"ie\, Peery \Peer"y\, a. [See 1st {Peer}, 2.] Inquisitive; suspicious; sharp. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] [bd]Two peery gray eyes.[b8] --Sir W. Scott. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peorias \Pe*o"ri*as\, n. pl.; sing. {Peoria}. (Ethnol.) An Algonquin tribe of Indians who formerly inhabited a part of Illinois. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Per- \Per-\ [See {Per}.] 1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, that lasts throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; perfoliate, perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; perplex, literally, to entangle very much. 2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of those elements. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Per \Per\, prep. [L. Cf. {Far}, {For-}, {Pardon}, and cf. {Par}, prep.] Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with English words. {Per annum}, by the year; in each successive year; annually. {Per cent}, {Per centum}, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Per- \Per-\ [See {Per}.] 1. A prefix used to signify through, throughout, by, for, or as an intensive as perhaps, by hap or chance; perennial, that lasts throughout the year; perforce, through or by force; perfoliate, perforate; perspicuous, evident throughout or very evident; perplex, literally, to entangle very much. 2. (Chem.) Originally, denoting that the element to the name of which it is prefixed in the respective compounds exercised its highest valence; now, only that the element has a higher valence than in other similar compounds; thus, barium peroxide is the highest oxide of barium; while nitrogen and manganese peroxides, so-called, are not the highest oxides of those elements. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Per \Per\, prep. [L. Cf. {Far}, {For-}, {Pardon}, and cf. {Par}, prep.] Through; by means of; through the agency of; by; for; for each; as, per annum; per capita, by heads, or according to individuals; per curiam, by the court; per se, by itself, of itself. Per is also sometimes used with English words. {Per annum}, by the year; in each successive year; annually. {Per cent}, {Per centum}, by the hundred; in the hundred; -- used esp. of proportions of ingredients, rate or amount of interest, and the like; commonly used in the shortened form per cent. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pere \Pere\, n. A peer. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peri- \Per"i-\ [Gr. [?], prep.] A prefix used to signify around, by, near, over, beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is needed; perispherical, quite spherical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peri \Pe"ri\, n.; pl. {Peris}. [Per. per[c6] a female genus, a fairy.] (Persian Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise till penance is accomplished. --Moore. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peri- \Per"i-\ [Gr. [?], prep.] A prefix used to signify around, by, near, over, beyond, or to give an intensive sense; as, perimeter, the measure around; perigee, point near the earth; periergy, work beyond what is needed; perispherical, quite spherical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peri \Pe"ri\, n.; pl. {Peris}. [Per. per[c6] a female genus, a fairy.] (Persian Myth.) An imaginary being, male or female, like an elf or fairy, represented as a descendant of fallen angels, excluded from paradise till penance is accomplished. --Moore. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Perrie \Per"rie\, n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.] Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also {perre}, {perrye}, etc.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Perrie \Per"rie\, n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.] Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also {perre}, {perrye}, etc.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Perry \Per"ry\, n. [OF. per[82], F. poir[82], fr. poire a pear, L. pirum. See {Pear} the fruit.] A fermented liquor made from pears; pear cider. --Mortimer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Perry \Per"ry\, n. A suddent squall. See {Pirry}. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Perrie \Per"rie\, n. [F. pierreries, pl., fr. pierre stone, L. petra.] Precious stones; jewels. [Obs.] [Written also {perre}, {perrye}, etc.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pery \Per"y\, n. A pear tree. See {Pirie}. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirie \Pir"ie\, n. [See {Pear}.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also {pery}, {pyrie}.] [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pery \Per"y\, n. A pear tree. See {Pirie}. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirie \Pir"ie\, n. [See {Pear}.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also {pery}, {pyrie}.] [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pharaoh \Pha"raoh\, n. [Heb. par[d3]h; of Egyptian origin: cf. L. pharao, Gr. [?]. Cf. {Faro}.] 1. A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated. 2. See {Faro}. {Pharaoh's chicken} (Zo[94]l.), the gier-eagle, or Egyptian vulture; -- so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments. It is nearly white in color. {Pharaoh's rat} (Zo[94]l.), the common ichneumon. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Phare \Phare\, n. [See {Pharos}.] 1. A beacon tower; a lighthouse. [Obs.] 2. Hence, a harbor. --Howell. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pharo \Pha"ro\, n. 1. A pharos; a lighthouse. [Obs.] 2. See {Faro}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pheer \Pheer\, n. See 1st {Fere}. [Obs.] --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pier \Pier\, n. [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra, Gr. [?]. Cf. {Petrify}.] 1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See {Buttress}. 2. A projecting wharf or landing place. {Abutment pier}, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. {Pier glass}, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. {Pier table}, a table made to stand between windows. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Band \Band\ (b[acr]nd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Banded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Banding}.] 1. To bind or tie with a band. 2. To mark with a band. 3. To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy. [bd]Banded against his throne.[b8] --Milton. {Banded architrave}, {pier}, {shaft}, etc. (Arch.), an architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is interrupted by blocks or projections crossing it at right angles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pier \Pier\, n. [OE. pere, OF. piere a stone, F. pierre, fr. L. petra, Gr. [?]. Cf. {Petrify}.] 1. (Arch.) (a) Any detached mass of masonry, whether insulated or supporting one side of an arch or lintel, as of a bridge; the piece of wall between two openings. (b) Any additional or auxiliary mass of masonry used to stiffen a wall. See {Buttress}. 2. A projecting wharf or landing place. {Abutment pier}, the pier of a bridge next the shore; a pier which by its strength and stability resists the thrust of an arch. {Pier glass}, a mirror, of high and narrow shape, to be put up between windows. {Pier table}, a table made to stand between windows. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Band \Band\ (b[acr]nd), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Banded}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Banding}.] 1. To bind or tie with a band. 2. To mark with a band. 3. To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy. [bd]Banded against his throne.[b8] --Milton. {Banded architrave}, {pier}, {shaft}, etc. (Arch.), an architrave, pier, etc., of which the regular profile is interrupted by blocks or projections crossing it at right angles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirai \Pi*rai"\, n. (Zo[94]l.) Same as {Piraya}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirie \Pir"ie\, n. (Naut.) See {Pirry}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirie \Pir"ie\, n. [See {Pear}.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also {pery}, {pyrie}.] [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirry \Pir"ry\, Pirrie \Pir"rie\, n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr a prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.] A rough gale of wind. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirry \Pir"ry\, Pirrie \Pir"rie\, n. [Cf. Scot. pirr a gentle breeze, Icel. byrr a prosperous wind, bylr a blast of wind.] A rough gale of wind. [Obs.] --Sir T. Elyot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Poor \Poor\, a. [Compar. {Poorer} (?; 254); superl. {Poorest}.] [OE. poure or povre, OF. povre, F. pauvre, L. pauper; the first syllable of which is probably akin to paucus few (see {Paucity}, {Few}), and the second to parare to prepare, procure. See {Few}, and cf. {Parade}, {Pauper}, {Poverty}.] 1. Destitute of property; wanting in material riches or goods; needy; indigent. Note: It is often synonymous with indigent and with necessitous denoting extreme want. It is also applied to persons who are not entirely destitute of property, but who are not rich; as, a poor man or woman; poor people. 2. (Law) So completely destitute of property as to be entitled to maintenance from the public. 3. Hence, in very various applications: Destitute of such qualities as are desirable, or might naturally be expected; as: (a) Wanting in fat, plumpness, or fleshiness; lean; emaciated; meager; as, a poor horse, ox, dog, etc. [bd]Seven other kine came up after them, poor and very ill-favored and lean-fleshed.[b8] --Gen. xli. 19. (b) Wanting in strength or vigor; feeble; dejected; as, poor health; poor spirits. [bd]His genius . . . poor and cowardly.[b8] --Bacon. (c) Of little value or worth; not good; inferior; shabby; mean; as, poor clothes; poor lodgings. [bd]A poor vessel.[b8] --Clarendon. (d) Destitute of fertility; exhausted; barren; sterile; -- said of land; as, poor soil. (e) Destitute of beauty, fitness, or merit; as, a poor discourse; a poor picture. (f) Without prosperous conditions or good results; unfavorable; unfortunate; unconformable; as, a poor business; the sick man had a poor night. (g) Inadequate; insufficient; insignificant; as, a poor excuse. That I have wronged no man will be a poor plea or apology at the last day. --Calamy. 4. Worthy of pity or sympathy; -- used also sometimes as a term of endearment, or as an expression of modesty, and sometimes as a word of contempt. And for mine own poor part, Look you, I'll go pray. --Shak. Poor, little, pretty, fluttering thing. --Prior. 5. Free from self-assertion; not proud or arrogant; meek. [bd]Blessed are the poor in spirit.[b8] --Matt. v. 3. {Poor law}, a law providing for, or regulating, the relief or support of the poor. {Poor man's treacle} (Bot.), garlic; -- so called because it was thought to be an antidote to animal poison. [Eng] --Dr. Prior. {Poor man's weatherglass} (Bot.), the red-flowered pimpernel ({Anagallis arvensis}), which opens its blossoms only in fair weather. {Poor rate}, an assessment or tax, as in an English parish, for the relief or support of the poor. {Poor soldier} (Zo[94]l.), the friar bird. {The poor}, those who are destitute of property; the indigent; the needy. In a legal sense, those who depend on charity or maintenance by the public. [bd]I have observed the more public provisions are made for the poor, the less they provide for themselves.[b8] --Franklin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Poor \Poor\, n. (Zo[94]l.) A small European codfish ({Gadus minutus}); -- called also {power cod}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pore \Pore\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Pored}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Poring}.] [OE. poren, of uncertain origin; cf. D. porren to poke, thrust, Gael. purr.] To look or gaze steadily in reading or studying; to fix the attention; to be absorbed; -- often with on or upon, and now usually with over.[bd]Painfully to pore upon a book.[b8] --Shak. The eye grows weary with poring perpetually on the same thing. --Dryden. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pore \Pore\, n. [F., fr. L. porus, Gr. [?] a passage, a pore. See {Fare}, v.] 1. One of the minute orifices in an animal or vegetable membrane, for transpiration, absorption, etc. 2. A minute opening or passageway; an interstice between the constituent particles or molecules of a body; as, the pores of stones. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pory \Por"y\, a. Porous; as, pory stone. [R.] Dryden. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pour \Pour\, v. i. To flow, pass, or issue in a stream, or as a stream; to fall continuously and abundantly; as, the rain pours; the people poured out of the theater. In the rude throng pour on with furious pace. --Gay. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pour \Pour\, n. A stream, or something like a stream; a flood. [Colloq.] [bd]A pour of rain.[b8] --Miss Ferrier. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pour \Pour\, a. Poor. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pour \Pour\, v. i. To pore. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pour \Pour\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Poured}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Pouring}.] [OE. pouren, of uncertain origin; cf. W. bwrw to cast, throw, shed, bwrw gwlaw to rain.] 1. To cause to flow in a stream, as a liquid or anything flowing like a liquid, either out of a vessel or into it; as, to pour water from a pail; to pour wine into a decanter; to pour oil upon the waters; to pour out sand or dust. 2. To send forth as in a stream or a flood; to emit; to let escape freely or wholly. I . . . have poured out my soul before the Lord. --1 Sam. i. 15. Now will I shortly pour out my fury upon thee. --Ezek. vii. 8. London doth pour out her citizens ! --Shak. Wherefore did Nature pour her bounties forth With such a full and unwithdrawing hand ? --Milton. 3. To send forth from, as in a stream; to discharge uninterruptedly. Is it for thee the linnet pours his throat ? --Pope. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Accumulation \Ac*cu`mu*la"tion\, n. [L. accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.] 1. The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors. 2. (Law) The concurrence of several titles to the same proof. {Accumulation of energy} or {power}, the storing of energy by means of weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored. {An accumulation of degrees} (Eng. Univ.), the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than usual or than is allowed by the rules. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Power \Pow"er\, n. (Zo[94]l.) Same as {Poor}, the fish. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Power \Pow"er\, n. [OE. pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. & v., fr. LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power. See {Possible}, {Potent}, and cf. {Posse comitatus}.] 1. Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary attraction; money gives power. [bd]One next himself in power, and next in crime.[b8] --Milton. 2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of enthusiasm. [bd]The power of fancy.[b8] --Shak. 3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; -- called also {passive power}; as, great power of endurance. Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or capacity; capacity is passive power. --Sir W. Hamilton. 4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government. Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the innocent. --Swift. 5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as, the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; a divinity. [bd]The powers of darkness.[b8] --Milton. And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. --Matt. xxiv. 29. 6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. --Spenser. Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Accumulation \Ac*cu`mu*la"tion\, n. [L. accumulatio; cf. F. accumulation.] 1. The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors. 2. (Law) The concurrence of several titles to the same proof. {Accumulation of energy} or {power}, the storing of energy by means of weights lifted or masses put in motion; electricity stored. {An accumulation of degrees} (Eng. Univ.), the taking of several together, or at smaller intervals than usual or than is allowed by the rules. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Power \Pow"er\, n. (Zo[94]l.) Same as {Poor}, the fish. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Power \Pow"er\, n. [OE. pouer, poer, OF. poeir, pooir, F. pouvoir, n. & v., fr. LL. potere, for L. posse, potesse, to be able, to have power. See {Possible}, {Potent}, and cf. {Posse comitatus}.] 1. Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary attraction; money gives power. [bd]One next himself in power, and next in crime.[b8] --Milton. 2. Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of enthusiasm. [bd]The power of fancy.[b8] --Shak. 3. Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; -- called also {passive power}; as, great power of endurance. Power, then, is active and passive; faculty is active power or capacity; capacity is passive power. --Sir W. Hamilton. 4. The exercise of a faculty; the employment of strength; the exercise of any kind of control; influence; dominion; sway; command; government. Power is no blessing in itself but when it is employed to protect the innocent. --Swift. 5. The agent exercising an ability to act; an individual invested with authority; an institution, or government, which exercises control; as, the great powers of Europe; hence, often, a superhuman agent; a spirit; a divinity. [bd]The powers of darkness.[b8] --Milton. And the powers of the heavens shall be shaken. --Matt. xxiv. 29. 6. A military or naval force; an army or navy; a great host. --Spenser. Never such a power . . . Was levied in the body of a land. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pr91- \Pr[91]-\ A prefix. See {Pre-}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pre- \Pre-\ [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for, prep.: cf. F. pr[82]-. See {Pro-}, and cf. {Prior}.] A prefix denoting priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before; precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; pre[89]minent eminent before or above others. Pre- is sometimes used intensively, as in prepotent, very potent. [Written also {pr[91]-}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pr91- \Pr[91]-\ A prefix. See {Pre-}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pre- \Pre-\ [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for, prep.: cf. F. pr[82]-. See {Pro-}, and cf. {Prior}.] A prefix denoting priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before; precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; pre[89]minent eminent before or above others. Pre- is sometimes used intensively, as in prepotent, very potent. [Written also {pr[91]-}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pray \Pray\, n. & v. See {Pry}. [Obs.] --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pray \Pray\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Prayed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Praying}.] [OE. preien, OF. preier, F. prier, L. precari, fr. prex, precis, a prayer, a request; akin to Skr. prach to ask, AS. frignan, fr[c6]nan, fricgan, G. fragen, Goth. fra[a1]hnan. Cf. {Deprecate}, {Imprecate}, {Precarious}.] To make request with earnestness or zeal, as for something desired; to make entreaty or supplication; to offer prayer to a deity or divine being as a religious act; specifically, to address the Supreme Being with adoration, confession, supplication, and thanksgiving. And to his goddess pitously he preyde. --Chaucer. When thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray to thy Father which is in secret; and thy Father which seeth in secret shall reward thee openly. --Matt. vi. 6. {I pray}, [or] (by ellipsis) {Pray}, I beg; I request; I entreat you; -- used in asking a question, making a request, introducing a petition, etc.; as, Pray, allow me to go. I pray, sir. why am I beaten? --Shak. Syn: To entreat; supplicate; beg; implore; invoke; beseech; petition. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pray \Pray\, v. t. 1. To address earnest request to; to supplicate; to entreat; to implore; to beseech. And as this earl was preyed, so did he. --Chaucer. We pray you . . . by ye reconciled to God. --2 Cor. v. 20. 2. To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for. I know not how to pray your patience. --Shak. 3. To effect or accomplish by praying; as, to pray a soul out of purgatory. --Milman. {To pray in aid}. (Law) (a) To call in as a helper one who has an interest in the cause. --Bacon. (b) A phrase often used to signify claiming the benefit of an argument. See under {Aid}. --Mozley & W. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pre- \Pre-\ [L. prae, adv. & prep., before, akin to pro, and to E. for, prep.: cf. F. pr[82]-. See {Pro-}, and cf. {Prior}.] A prefix denoting priority (of time, place, or rank); as, precede, to go before; precursor, a forerunner; prefix, to fix or place before; pre[89]minent eminent before or above others. Pre- is sometimes used intensively, as in prepotent, very potent. [Written also {pr[91]-}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prey \Prey\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Preyed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Preying}.] [OF. preier, preer, L. praedari, fr. praeda. See {Prey}, n.] To take booty; to gather spoil; to ravage; to take food by violence. More pity that the eagle should be mewed, While kites and buzzards prey at liberty. --Shak. {To prey on} [or] {upon}. (a) To take prey from; to despoil; to pillage; to rob. --Shak. (b) To seize as prey; to take for food by violence; to seize and devour. --Shak. (c) To wear away gradually; to cause to waste or pine away; as, the trouble preyed upon his mind. --Addison. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prey \Prey\, n. [OF. preie, F. proie, L. praeda, probably for praeheda. See {Prehensile}, and cf. {Depredate}, {Predatory}.] Anything, as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; anything taken by force from an enemy in war; spoil; booty; plunder. And they brought the captives, and the prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and Eleazar the priest. --Num. xxxi. 12. 2. That which is or may be seized by animals or birds to be devoured; hence, a person given up as a victim. The old lion perisheth for lack of prey. --Job iv. ii. Already sees herself the monster's prey. --Dryden. 3. The act of devouring other creatures; ravage. Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, . . . lion in prey. --Shak. {Beast of prey}, a carnivorous animal; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prie \Prie\, n. (Bot.) The plant privet. [Obs.] --Tusser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prie \Prie\, v. i. To pry. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pro- \Pro-\ [L. pro, or Gr. [?]. See {Pro}.] A prefix signifying before, in front, forth, for, in behalf of, in place of, according to; as, propose, to place before; proceed, to go before or forward; project, to throw forward; prologue, part spoken before (the main piece); propel, prognathous; provide, to look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a noun; proconsul, a person acting in place of a consul; proportion, arrangement according to parts. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pro \Pro\, adv. For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in contrast with {con}. {Pro and con}, for and against, on the affirmative and on the negative side; as, they debated the question pro and con; -- formerly used also as a verb. {Pros and cons}, the arguments or reasons on either side. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pro- \Pro-\ [L. pro, or Gr. [?]. See {Pro}.] A prefix signifying before, in front, forth, for, in behalf of, in place of, according to; as, propose, to place before; proceed, to go before or forward; project, to throw forward; prologue, part spoken before (the main piece); propel, prognathous; provide, to look out for; pronoun, a word instead of a noun; proconsul, a person acting in place of a consul; proportion, arrangement according to parts. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pro \Pro\, adv. For, on, or in behalf of, the affirmative side; -- in contrast with {con}. {Pro and con}, for and against, on the affirmative and on the negative side; as, they debated the question pro and con; -- formerly used also as a verb. {Pros and cons}, the arguments or reasons on either side. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Proa \Pro"a\, n. [Malay pr[be][?], pr[be]h[?].] (Naut.) A sailing canoe of the Ladrone Islands and Malay Archipelago, having its lee side flat and its weather side like that of an ordinary boat. The ends are alike. The canoe is long and narrow, and is kept from overturning by a cigar-shaped log attached to a frame extending several feet to windward. It has been called the {flying proa}, and is the swiftest sailing craft known. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prow \Prow\, n. [F. proue (cf. Sp. & Pg. proa, It. prua), L. prora, Gr. [?], akin to [?] before. See {Pro-}, and cf. {Prore}.] The fore part of a vessel; the bow; the stem; hence, the vessel itself. --Wordsworth. The floating vessel swum Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow rode tilting o'er the waves. --Milton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prow \Prow\, a. [Compar. {Prower}; superl. {Prowest}.] [OF. prou, preu, F. preux, fr. L. pro, prod, in prodesse to be useful. See {Pro-}, and cf. {Prude}.] Valiant; brave; gallant; courageous. [Archaic] --Tennyson. The prowest knight that ever field did fight. --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prow \Prow\, n. See {Proa}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prow \Prow\, n. [OE. & OF. prou. See {Prow}, a.] Benefit; profit; good; advantage. [Obs.] That shall be for your hele and for your prow. --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pry \Pry\, n. [Corrupted fr. prize a lever. See {Prize}, n.] A lever; also, leverage. [Local, U. S. & Eng.] {Pry pole}, the pole which forms the prop of a hoisting gin, and stands facing the windlass. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pry \Pry\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Pried}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Prying}.] To raise or move, or attempt to raise or move, with a pry or lever; to prize. [Local, U. S. & Eng.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pry \Pry\, v. i. [OE. prien. Cf. {Peer} to peep.] To peep narrowly; to gaze; to inspect closely; to attempt to discover something by a scrutinizing curiosity; -- often implying reproach. [bd] To pry upon the stars.[b8] --Chaucer. Watch thou and wake when others be asleep, To pry into the secrets of the state. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pry \Pry\, n. Curious inspection; impertinent peeping. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Puer \Pu"er\, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] The dung of dogs, used as an alkaline steep in tanning. --Simmonds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pur \Pur\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Purred}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Purring}.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also {purr}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pur \Pur\, v. t. To signify or express by purring. --Gray. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pur \Pur\, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment or pleasure. [Written also {purr}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pure \Pure\, a. [Compar. {Purer}; superl. {Purest}.] [OE. pur, F. pur, fr. L. purus; akin to putus pure, clear, putare to clean, trim, prune, set in order, settle, reckon, consider, think, Skr. p[?] to clean, and perh. E. fire. Cf. {Putative}.] 1. Separate from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; free from mixture or combination; clean; mere; simple; unmixed; as, pure water; pure clay; pure air; pure compassion. The pure fetters on his shins great. --Chaucer. A guinea is pure gold if it has in it no alloy. --I. Watts. 2. Free from moral defilement or quilt; hence, innocent; guileless; chaste; -- applied to persons. [bd]Keep thyself pure.[b8] --1 Tim. v. 22. Now the end of the commandment is charity out of a pure heart, and of a good conscience. --1 Tim. i. 5. 3. Free from that which harms, vitiates, weakens, or pollutes; genuine; real; perfect; -- applied to things and actions. [bd]Pure religion and impartial laws.[b8] --Tickell. [bd]The pure, fine talk of Rome.[b8] --Ascham. Such was the origin of a friendship as warm and pure as any that ancient or modern history records. --Macaulay. 4. (Script.) Ritually clean; fitted for holy services. Thou shalt set them in two rows, six on a row, upon the pure table before the Lord. --Lev. xxiv. 6. 5. (Phonetics) Of a single, simple sound or tone; -- said of some vowels and the unaspirated consonants. {Pure-impure}, completely or totally impure. [bd]The inhabitants were pure-impure pagans.[b8] --Fuller. {Pure blue}. (Chem.) See {Methylene blue}, under {Methylene}. {Pure chemistry}. See under {Chemistry}. {Pure mathematics}, that portion of mathematics which treats of the principles of the science, or contradistinction to applied mathematics, which treats of the application of the principles to the investigation of other branches of knowledge, or to the practical wants of life. See {Mathematics}. --Davies & Peck (Math. Dict. ) {Pure villenage} (Feudal Law), a tenure of lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. --Blackstone. Syn: Unmixed; clear; simple; real; true; genuine; unadulterated; uncorrupted; unsullied; untarnished; unstained; stainless; clean; fair; unspotted; spotless; incorrupt; chaste; unpolluted; undefiled; immaculate; innocent; guiltless; guileless; holy. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Puri \Pur"i\, n. (Chem.) See {Euxanthin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Euxanthin \Eux*an"thin\, n. [Gr. [?] well + [?] yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also {puri}, {purree}, and {Indian yellow}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Puri \Pur"i\, n. (Chem.) See {Euxanthin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Euxanthin \Eux*an"thin\, n. [Gr. [?] well + [?] yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also {puri}, {purree}, and {Indian yellow}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pur \Pur\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Purred}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Purring}.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also {purr}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pur \Pur\, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment or pleasure. [Written also {purr}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Purr \Purr\, v. i. & t. To murmur as a cat. See {Pur}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Purr \Purr\, n. The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See {Pur}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pur \Pur\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Purred}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Purring}.] [Of imitative origin; cf. Prov. G. purren.] To utter a low, murmuring, continued sound, as a cat does when pleased. [Written also {purr}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pur \Pur\, n. The low, murmuring sound made by a cat to express contentment or pleasure. [Written also {purr}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Purr \Purr\, v. i. & t. To murmur as a cat. See {Pur}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Purr \Purr\, n. The low murmuring sound made by a cat; pur. See {Pur}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Purre \Purre\, n. (Zo[94]l.) The dunlin. [Prov. Eng.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Purree \Pur"ree\, n. [Hind. peori yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow coloring matter. See {Euxanthin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Euxanthin \Eux*an"thin\, n. [Gr. [?] well + [?] yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also {puri}, {purree}, and {Indian yellow}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Purree \Pur"ree\, n. [Hind. peori yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow coloring matter. See {Euxanthin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Euxanthin \Eux*an"thin\, n. [Gr. [?] well + [?] yellow.] (Chem.) A yellow pigment imported from India and China. It has a strong odor, and is said to be obtained from the urine of herbivorous animals when fed on the mango. It consists if a magnesium salt of euxanthic acid. Called also {puri}, {purree}, and {Indian yellow}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyro- \Pyro-\, Pyr- \Pyr-\ . [Gr. [?], [?], fire.] Combining forms designating fire or heat; specifically (Chem.), used to imply an actual or theoretical derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric, pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyre \Pyre\, n. [L. pure, Gr. [?], fr. [?] fire. See {Fire}.] A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which the dead are burned; hence, any pile to be burnt. For nine long nights, through all the dusky air, The pyres thick flaming shot a dismal glare. --Pope. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pirie \Pir"ie\, n. [See {Pear}.] (Bot.) A pear tree. [Written also {pery}, {pyrie}.] [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyro- \Pyro-\, Pyr- \Pyr-\ . [Gr. [?], [?], fire.] Combining forms designating fire or heat; specifically (Chem.), used to imply an actual or theoretical derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric, pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyro \Py"ro\, n. (Photog.) Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyro- \Pyro-\, Pyr- \Pyr-\ . [Gr. [?], [?], fire.] Combining forms designating fire or heat; specifically (Chem.), used to imply an actual or theoretical derivative by the action of heat; as in pyrophosphoric, pyrosulphuric, pyrotartaric, pyrotungstic, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyro \Py"ro\, n. (Photog.) Abbreviation of pyrogallic acid. [Colloq.] | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Peoria, AZ (city, FIPS 54050) Location: 33.68848 N, 112.24446 W Population (1990): 50618 (21944 housing units) Area: 159.2 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 85345, 85381, 85382 Peoria, IL (city, FIPS 59000) Location: 40.74496 N, 89.60922 W Population (1990): 113504 (48260 housing units) Area: 105.9 sq km (land), 5.8 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 61602, 61604, 61605, 61606, 61615 Peoria, OK (town, FIPS 58100) Location: 36.91596 N, 94.66922 W Population (1990): 136 (63 housing units) Area: 0.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Perry, AR (town, FIPS 54650) Location: 35.04487 N, 92.79382 W Population (1990): 228 (94 housing units) Area: 1.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 72125 Perry, FL (city, FIPS 56150) Location: 30.10869 N, 83.58172 W Population (1990): 7151 (2898 housing units) Area: 24.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 32347 Perry, GA (city, FIPS 60340) Location: 32.46409 N, 83.73801 W Population (1990): 9452 (3732 housing units) Area: 38.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 31069 Perry, IA (city, FIPS 62355) Location: 41.84212 N, 94.09979 W Population (1990): 6652 (2860 housing units) Area: 8.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 50220 Perry, IL (village, FIPS 59156) Location: 39.78243 N, 90.74724 W Population (1990): 491 (240 housing units) Area: 1.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 62362 Perry, KS (city, FIPS 55450) Location: 39.07318 N, 95.38738 W Population (1990): 881 (376 housing units) Area: 2.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 66073 Perry, ME Zip code(s): 04667 Perry, MI (city, FIPS 63700) Location: 42.82088 N, 84.22825 W Population (1990): 2163 (759 housing units) Area: 7.1 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 48872 Perry, MO (city, FIPS 57080) Location: 39.42995 N, 91.66793 W Population (1990): 711 (382 housing units) Area: 2.8 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 63462 Perry, NY (village, FIPS 57243) Location: 42.71732 N, 78.00673 W Population (1990): 4219 (1794 housing units) Area: 5.9 sq km (land), 0.3 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 14530 Perry, OH (village, FIPS 61882) Location: 41.76735 N, 81.14305 W Population (1990): 1012 (340 housing units) Area: 5.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 44081 Perry, OK (city, FIPS 58250) Location: 36.28766 N, 97.30422 W Population (1990): 4978 (2408 housing units) Area: 15.2 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 73077 Perry, SC (town, FIPS 55960) Location: 33.62700 N, 81.30921 W Population (1990): 241 (99 housing units) Area: 2.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Perry, UT (city, FIPS 59390) Location: 41.46485 N, 112.03434 W Population (1990): 1211 (374 housing units) Area: 18.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Peru, IA Zip code(s): 50222 Peru, IL (city, FIPS 59234) Location: 41.34175 N, 89.12829 W Population (1990): 9302 (3954 housing units) Area: 12.6 sq km (land), 0.3 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 61354 Peru, IN (city, FIPS 59328) Location: 40.75364 N, 86.06805 W Population (1990): 12843 (5732 housing units) Area: 10.0 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 46970 Peru, KS (city, FIPS 55525) Location: 37.08124 N, 96.09601 W Population (1990): 206 (114 housing units) Area: 1.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 67360 Peru, MA Zip code(s): 01235 Peru, ME Zip code(s): 04290 Peru, NE (city, FIPS 38960) Location: 40.47866 N, 95.73102 W Population (1990): 1110 (334 housing units) Area: 1.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 68421 Peru, NY (CDP, FIPS 57364) Location: 44.58002 N, 73.53446 W Population (1990): 1565 (552 housing units) Area: 4.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 12972 Peru, VT Zip code(s): 05152 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Pharr, TX (city, FIPS 57200) Location: 26.18195 N, 98.18848 W Population (1990): 32921 (11031 housing units) Area: 40.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 78577 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Pierre, SD (city, FIPS 49600) Location: 44.37298 N, 100.32248 W Population (1990): 12906 (5390 housing units) Area: 33.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 57501 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Piru, CA (CDP, FIPS 57372) Location: 34.40730 N, 118.79875 W Population (1990): 1157 (399 housing units) Area: 7.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Power, MT Zip code(s): 59468 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Pray, MT Zip code(s): 59065 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Prue, OK (town, FIPS 60850) Location: 36.24902 N, 96.26564 W Population (1990): 346 (192 housing units) Area: 1.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 74060 | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
payware /pay'weir/ n. Commercial software. Oppose {shareware} or {freeware}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Pari especially {number theory}. Version 1.37 for {Unix}, {Macintosh}, {MS-DOS}, {Amiga}. E-mail: {(ftp://math.ucla.edu/pub/pari)}. (1995-04-12) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
payware /pay'weir/ Commercial software. Opposite: {shareware} or {freeware}. [{Jargon File}] | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
peer A unit of communications hardware or software that is on the same {protocol layer} of a network as another. A common way of viewing a communications link is as two {protocol stack}s, which are actually connected only at the very lowest (physical) layer, but can be regarded as being connected at each higher layer by virtue of the services provided by the lower layers. Peer-to-peer communication refers to these real or virtual connections between corresponding systems in each layer. To give a simple example, when two people talk to each other, the lowest layer is the physical layer which concerns the sound pressure waves travelling from mouth to ear (so mouths and ears are peers) the next layer might be the speech and hearing centres in the people's brains and the top layer their cerebellums or minds. Although, barring telepathy, nothing passes directly between the two minds, there is a peer-to-peer communication between them. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
PER 1. 2. (1998-05-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
POWER Performance Optimization with Enhanced RISC. The {IBM} processor architecture on which {PowerPC} was based. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
PR {Packet Radio} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
pr (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
PR {Packet Radio} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
pr (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
PRA PRAgmatics. The language used by {COPS} for specification of {code generator}s. ["Metalanguages of the Compiler Production System COPS", J. Borowiec, in GI Fachgesprach "Compiler-Compiler", ed W. Henhapl, Tech Hochs Darmstadt 1978, pp. 122-159]. (1994-11-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
PRI {ISDN} {Primary Rate Interface}. See also {BRI} (1994-12-08) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Paarai opening of the Lord, "the Arbite," one of David's heroes (2 Sam. 23:35); called also Naarai, 1 Chr. 11:37. | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Parah the heifer, a town in Benjamin (Josh. 18:23), supposed to be identical with the ruins called Far'ah, about 6 miles north-east of Jerusalem, in the Wady Far'ah, which is a branch of the Wady Kelt. | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Paruah flourishing, the father of Jehoshaphat, appointed to provide monthly supplies for Solomon from the tribe of Issachar (1 Kings 4:17). | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Peor opening. (1.) A mountain peak (Num. 23:28) to which Balak led Balaam as a last effort to induce him to pronounce a curse upon Israel. When he looked on the tribes encamped in the acacia groves below him, he could not refrain from giving utterance to a remarkable benediction (24:1-9). Balak was more than ever enraged at Balaam, and bade him flee for his life. But before he went he gave expression to that wonderful prediction regarding the future of this mysterious people, whose "goodly tents" were spread out before him, and the coming of a "Star" out of Jacob and a "Sceptre" out of Israel (24:14-17). (2.) A Moabite divinity, called also "Baal-peor" (Num. 25:3, 5, 18; comp. Deut. 3:29). | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Pharaoh the official title borne by the Egyptian kings down to the time when that country was conquered by the Greeks. (See {EGYPT}.) The name is a compound, as some think, of the words Ra, the "sun" or "sun-god," and the article phe, "the," prefixed; hence phera, "the sun," or "the sun-god." But others, perhaps more correctly, think the name derived from Perao, "the great house" = his majesty = in Turkish, "the Sublime Porte." (1.) The Pharaoh who was on the throne when Abram went down into Egypt (Gen. 12:10-20) was probably one of the Hyksos, or "shepherd kings." The Egyptians called the nomad tribes of Syria Shasu, "plunderers," their king or chief Hyk, and hence the name of those invaders who conquered the native kings and established a strong government, with Zoan or Tanis as their capital. They were of Semitic origin, and of kindred blood accordingly with Abram. They were probably driven forward by the pressure of the Hittites. The name they bear on the monuments is "Mentiu." (2.) The Pharaoh of Joseph's days (Gen. 41) was probably Apopi, or Apopis, the last of the Hyksos kings. To the old native Egyptians, who were an African race, shepherds were "an abomination;" but to the Hyksos kings these Asiatic shepherds who now appeared with Jacob at their head were congenial, and being akin to their own race, had a warm welcome (Gen. 47:5, 6). Some argue that Joseph came to Egypt in the reign of Thothmes III., long after the expulsion of the Hyksos, and that his influence is to be seen in the rise and progress of the religious revolution in the direction of monotheism which characterized the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty. The wife of Amenophis III., of that dynasty, was a Semite. Is this singular fact to be explained from the presence of some of Joseph's kindred at the Egyptian court? Pharaoh said to Joseph, "Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee: the land of Egypt is before thee; in the best of the land make thy father and brethren to dwell" (Gen. 47:5, 6). (3.) The "new king who knew not Joseph" (Ex. 1:8-22) has been generally supposed to have been Aahmes I., or Amosis, as he is called by Josephus. Recent discoveries, however, have led to the conclusion that Seti was the "new king." For about seventy years the Hebrews in Egypt were under the powerful protection of Joseph. After his death their condition was probably very slowly and gradually changed. The invaders, the Hyksos, who for some five centuries had been masters of Egypt, were driven out, and the old dynasty restored. The Israelites now began to be looked down upon. They began to be afflicted and tyrannized over. In process of time a change appears to have taken place in the government of Egypt. A new dynasty, the Nineteenth, as it is called, came into power under Seti I., who was its founder. He associated with him in his government his son, Rameses II., when he was yet young, probably ten or twelve years of age. Note, Professor Maspero, keeper of the museum of Bulak, near Cairo, had his attention in 1870 directed to the fact that scarabs, i.e., stone and metal imitations of the beetle (symbols of immortality), originally worn as amulets by royal personages, which were evidently genuine relics of the time of the ancient Pharaohs, were being sold at Thebes and different places along the Nile. This led him to suspect that some hitherto undiscovered burial-place of the Pharaohs had been opened, and that these and other relics, now secretly sold, were a part of the treasure found there. For a long time he failed, with all his ingenuity, to find the source of these rare treasures. At length one of those in the secret volunteered to give information regarding this burial-place. The result was that a party was conducted in 1881 to Dier el-Bahari, near Thebes, when the wonderful discovery was made of thirty-six mummies of kings, queens, princes, and high priests hidden away in a cavern prepared for them, where they had lain undisturbed for thirty centuries. "The temple of Deir el-Bahari stands in the middle of a natural amphitheatre of cliffs, which is only one of a number of smaller amphitheatres into which the limestone mountains of the tombs are broken up. In the wall of rock separating this basin from the one next to it some ancient Egyptian engineers had constructed the hiding-place, whose secret had been kept for nearly three thousand years." The exploring party being guided to the place, found behind a great rock a shaft 6 feet square and about 40 feet deep, sunk into the limestone. At the bottom of this a passage led westward for 25 feet, and then turned sharply northward into the very heart of the mountain, where in a chamber 23 feet by 13, and 6 feet in height, they came upon the wonderful treasures of antiquity. The mummies were all carefully secured and brought down to Bulak, where they were deposited in the royal museum, which has now been removed to Ghizeh. Among the most notable of the ancient kings of Egypt thus discovered were Thothmes III., Seti I., and Rameses II. Thothmes III. was the most distinguished monarch of the brilliant Eighteenth Dynasty. When this mummy was unwound "once more, after an interval of thirty-six centuries, human eyes gazed on the features of the man who had conquered Syria and Cyprus and Ethiopia, and had raised Egypt to the highest pinnacle of her power. The spectacle, however, was of brief duration. The remains proved to be in so fragile a state that there was only time to take a hasty photograph, and then the features crumbled to pieces and vanished like an apparition, and so passed away from human view for ever." "It seems strange that though the body of this man," who overran Palestine with his armies two hundred years before the birth of Moses, "mouldered to dust, the flowers with which it had been wreathed were so wonderfully preserved that even their colour could be distinguished" (Manning's Land of the Pharaohs). Seti I. (his throne name Merenptah), the father of Rameses II., was a great and successful warrior, also a great builder. The mummy of this Pharaoh, when unrolled, brought to view "the most beautiful mummy head ever seen within the walls of the museum. The sculptors of Thebes and Abydos did not flatter this Pharaoh when they gave him that delicate, sweet, and smiling profile which is the admiration of travellers. After a lapse of thirty-two centuries, the mummy retains the same expression which characterized the features of the living man. Most remarkable of all, when compared with the mummy of Rameses II., is the striking resemblance between the father and the son. Seti I. is, as it were, the idealized type of Rameses II. He must have died at an advanced age. The head is shaven, the eyebrows are white, the condition of the body points to considerably more than threescore years of life, thus confirming the opinions of the learned, who have attributed a long reign to this king." (4.) Rameses II., the son of Seti I., is probably the Pharaoh of the Oppression. During his forty years' residence at the court of Egypt, Moses must have known this ruler well. During his sojourn in Midian, however, Rameses died, after a reign of sixty-seven years, and his body embalmed and laid in the royal sepulchre in the Valley of the Tombs of Kings beside that of his father. Like the other mummies found hidden in the cave of Deir el-Bahari, it had been for some reason removed from its original tomb, and probably carried from place to place till finally deposited in the cave where it was so recently discovered. In 1886, the mummy of this king, the "great Rameses," the "Sesostris" of the Greeks, was unwound, and showed the body of what must have been a robust old man. The features revealed to view are thus described by Maspero: "The head is long and small in proportion to the body. The top of the skull is quite bare. On the temple there are a few sparse hairs, but at the poll the hair is quite thick, forming smooth, straight locks about two inches in length. White at the time of death, they have been dyed a light yellow by the spices used in embalmment. The forehead is low and narrow; the brow-ridge prominent; the eye-brows are thick and white; the eyes are small and close together; the nose is long, thin, arched like the noses of the Bourbons; the temples are sunk; the cheek-bones very prominent; the ears round, standing far out from the head, and pierced, like those of a woman, for the wearing of earrings; the jaw-bone is massive and strong; the chin very prominent; the mouth small, but thick-lipped; the teeth worn and very brittle, but white and well preserved. The moustache and beard are thin. They seem to have been kept shaven during life, but were probably allowed to grow during the king's last illness, or they may have grown after death. The hairs are white, like those of the head and eyebrows, but are harsh and bristly, and a tenth of an inch in length. The skin is of an earthy-brown, streaked with black. Finally, it may be said, the face of the mummy gives a fair idea of the face of the living king. The expression is unintellectual, perhaps slightly animal; but even under the somewhat grotesque disguise of mummification there is plainly to be seen an air of sovereign majesty, of resolve, and of pride." Both on his father's and his mother's side it has been pretty clearly shown that Rameses had Chaldean or Mesopotamian blood in his veins to such a degree that he might be called an Assyrian. This fact is thought to throw light on Isa. 52:4. (5.) The Pharaoh of the Exodus was probably Menephtah I., the fourteenth and eldest surviving son of Rameses II. He resided at Zoan, where he had the various interviews with Moses and Aaron recorded in the book of Exodus. His mummy was not among those found at Deir el-Bahari. It is still a question, however, whether Seti II. or his father Menephtah was the Pharaoh of the Exodus. Some think the balance of evidence to be in favour of the former, whose reign it is known began peacefully, but came to a sudden and disastrous end. The "Harris papyrus," found at Medinet-Abou in Upper Egypt in 1856, a state document written by Rameses III., the second king of the Twentieth Dynasty, gives at length an account of a great exodus from Egypt, followed by wide-spread confusion and anarchy. This, there is great reason to believe, was the Hebrew exodus, with which the Nineteenth Dynasty of the Pharaohs came to an end. This period of anarchy was brought to a close by Setnekht, the founder of the Twentieth Dynasty. "In the spring of 1896, Professor Flinders Petrie discovered, among the ruins of the temple of Menephtah at Thebes, a large granite stela, on which is engraved a hymn of victory commemorating the defeat of Libyan invaders who had overrun the Delta. At the end other victories of Menephtah are glanced at, and it is said that 'the Israelites (I-s-y-r-a-e-l-u) are minished (?) so that they have no seed.' Menephtah was son and successor of Rameses II., the builder of Pithom, and Egyptian scholars have long seen in him the Pharaoh of the Exodus. The Exodus is also placed in his reign by the Egyptian legend of the event preserved by the historian Manetho. In the inscription the name of the Israelites has no determinative of 'country' or 'district' attached to it, as is the case with all the other names (Canaan, Ashkelon, Gezer, Khar or Southern Palestine, etc.) mentioned along with it, and it would therefore appear that at the time the hymn was composed, the Israelites had already been lost to the sight of the Egyptians in the desert. At all events they must have had as yet no fixed home or district of their own. We may therefore see in the reference to them the Pharaoh's version of the Exodus, the disasters which befell the Egyptians being naturally passed over in silence, and only the destruction of the 'men children' of the Israelites being recorded. The statement of the Egyptian poet is a remarkable parallel to Ex. 1:10-22." (6.) The Pharaoh of 1 Kings 11:18-22. (7.) So, king of Egypt (2 Kings 17:4). (8.) The Pharaoh of 1 Chr. 4:18. (9.) Pharaoh, whose daughter Solomon married (1 Kings 3:1; 7:8). (10.) Pharaoh, in whom Hezekiah put his trust in his war against Sennacherib (2 Kings 18:21). (11.) The Pharaoh by whom Josiah was defeated and slain at Megiddo (2 Chr. 35:20-24; 2 Kings 23:29, 30). (See {NECHO}.) (12.) Pharaoh-hophra, who in vain sought to relieve Jerusalem when it was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar (q.v.), 2 Kings 25:1-4; comp. Jer. 37:5-8; Ezek. 17:11-13. (See {ZEDEKIAH}.) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Poor The Mosaic legislation regarding the poor is specially important. (1.) They had the right of gleaning the fields (Lev. 19:9, 10; Deut. 24:19,21). (2.) In the sabbatical year they were to have their share of the produce of the fields and the vineyards (Ex. 23:11; Lev. 25:6). (3.) In the year of jubilee they recovered their property (Lev. 25:25-30). (4.) Usury was forbidden, and the pledged raiment was to be returned before the sun went down (Ex. 22:25-27; Deut. 24:10-13). The rich were to be generous to the poor (Deut. 15:7-11). (5.) In the sabbatical and jubilee years the bond-servant was to go free (Deut. 15:12-15; Lev. 25:39-42, 47-54). (6.) Certain portions from the tithes were assigned to the poor (Deut. 14:28, 29; 26:12, 13). (7.) They shared in the feasts (Deut. 16:11, 14; Neh. 8:10). (8.) Wages were to be paid at the close of each day (Lev. 19:13). In the New Testament (Luke 3:11; 14:13; Acts 6:1; Gal. 2:10; James 2:15, 16) we have similar injunctions given with reference to the poor. Begging was not common under the Old Testament, while it was so in the New Testament times (Luke 16:20, 21, etc.). But begging in the case of those who are able to work is forbidden, and all such are enjoined to "work with their own hands" as a Christian duty (1 Thess. 4:11; 2 Thess. 3:7-13; Eph. 4:28). This word is used figuratively in Matt. 5:3; Luke 6:20; 2 Cor. 8:9; Rev. 3:17. | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Paarai, opening | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Parah, a cow; increasing | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Paruah, flourishing; that flies away | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Peor, hole; opening | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Pharaoh, that disperses; that spoils | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Phurah, that bears fruit, or grows | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Pur, Purim, lot | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Peru Peru:Geography Location: Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador Map references: South America Area: total area: 1,285,220 sq km land area: 1.28 million sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Alaska Land boundaries: total 6,940 km, Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 2,900 km, Ecuador 1,420 km Coastline: 2,414 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm territorial sea: 200 nm International disputes: three sections of the boundary with Ecuador are in dispute Climate: varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west Terrain: western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) Natural resources: copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 21% forest and woodland: 55% other: 21% Irrigated land: 12,500 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes natural hazards: earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity international agreements: party to - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands, Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Tropical Timber 94 Note: shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia Peru:People Population: 24,087,372 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 35% (female 4,152,520; male 4,296,293) 15-64 years: 61% (female 7,280,287; male 7,378,227) 65 years and over: 4% (female 535,156; male 444,889) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 1.8% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 24.88 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.84 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 52.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 66.07 years male: 63.86 years female: 68.38 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Peruvian(s) adjective: Peruvian Ethnic divisions: Indian 45%, mestizo (mixed Indian and European ancestry) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% Religions: Roman Catholic Languages: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 82% male: 92% female: 74% Labor force: 8 million (1992) by occupation: government and other services 44%, agriculture 37%, industry 19% (1988 est.) Peru:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Peru conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru Digraph: PE Type: republic Capital: Lima Administrative divisions: 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali note: the 1979 Constitution mandated the creation of regions (regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto), Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government and organizational and political difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993 Constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993 Constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal governments. Independence: 28 July 1821 (from Spain) National holiday: Independence Day, 28 July (1821) Constitution: 31 December 1993 Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Alberto Kenyo FUJIMORI Fujimori (since 28 July 1990); election last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - Alberto FUJIMORI 64.42%, Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR 21.80%, Mercedes CABANILLAS 4.11%, other 9.67% cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president note: Prime Minister Efrain GOLDENBERG Schreiber (since NA February 1994) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president Legislative branch: unicameral Congress: elections last held 9 April 1995 (next to be held NA 2000); results - C90/NM 52.1% of the total vote, UPP 14%, eleven other parties 33.9%; seats - (120 total, when installed on 28 July 1995) C90/NM 67, UPP 17, APRA 8, FIM 6, (CODE)-Pais Posible 5, AP 4, PPC 3, Renovacion 3, IU 2, OBRAS 2, MIA 1, FRENATRACA 1, (FREPAP) 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Justice (Corte Suprema de Justicia) Political parties and leaders: Change 90-New Majority (C90/NM), Alberto FUJIMORI; Union for Peru (UPP), Javier PEREZ de CUELLAR; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Agustin MANTILLA Campos; Independent Moralizing Front (FIM), Fernando OLIVERA Vega; Democratic Coordinator (CODE) - Pais Posible, Jose BARBA Caballero and Alejandro TOLEDO; Popular Action Party (AP), Raul DIEZ CANSECO; Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis BEDOYA Reyes; Renovacion, Rafael REY Rey; Civic Works Movement (OBRAS), Ricardo BELMONT; United Left (IU), Agustin HAYA de la TORRE; Independent Agrarian Movement (MIA), Rolando SALVATERRIE; Peru 2000-National Front of Workers and Peasants (FRENATRACA), Roger CACARES; Popular Agricultural Front (FREPAP), Ezequiel ATAUCUSI Other political or pressure groups: leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path, Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned); Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, Nestor SERPA and Victor POLAY (imprisoned) Member of: AG, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, PCA, RG (suspended), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ricardo V. LUNA Mendoza chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), and San Francisco US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Alvin P. ADAMS, Jr. embassy: corner of Avenida Inca Garcilaso de la Vega and Avenida Espana, Lima mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031 telephone: [51] (14) 338000 FAX: [51] (14) 316682 Flag: three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath Economy Overview: The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed in 1994 in the mining and telecommunications industries. In the 1980s the economy suffered from hyperinflation, declining per capita output, and mounting external debt. Peru was shut off from IMF and World Bank support in the mid-1980s because of its huge debt arrears. An austerity program implemented shortly after the FUJIMORI government took office in July 1990 contributed to a third consecutive yearly contraction of economic activity, but the slide came to a halt late that year, and in 1991 output rose 2.4%. After a burst of inflation as the austerity program eliminated government price subsidies, monthly price increases eased to the single-digit level and by December 1991 dropped to the lowest increase since mid-1987. Lima obtained a financial rescue package from multilateral lenders in September 1991, although it faced $14 billion in arrears on its external debt. By working with the IMF and World Bank on new financial conditions and arrangements, the government succeeded in ending its arrears by March 1993. In 1992, GDP had fallen by 2.8%, in part because a warmer-than-usual El Nino current resulted in a 30% drop in the fish catch, but the economy rebounded as strong foreign investment helped push growth to 6% in 1993 and 8.6% in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $73.6 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.6% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,110 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 15%; extensive underemployment (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $2 billion expenditures: $1.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $300 million (1992 est.) Exports: $4.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: copper, zinc, fishmeal, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, refined silver, coffee, cotton partners: US 19%, Japan 9%, Italy, Germany Imports: $5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals partners: US 21%, Colombia, Argentina, Japan, Germany, Brazil External debt: $22.4 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: NA Electricity: capacity: 4,190,000 kW production: 11.2 billion kWh consumption per capita: 448 kWh (1993) Industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication Agriculture: accounts for 12% of GDP, about 35% of labor force; commercial crops - coffee, cotton, sugarcane; other crops - rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; animal products - poultry, red meats, dairy, wool; not self-sufficient in grain or vegetable oil; fish catch of 6.9 million metric tons (1990) Illicit drugs: world's largest coca leaf producer with about 108,600 hectares under cultivation in 1994; source of supply for most of the world's coca paste and cocaine base; at least 85% of coca cultivation is for illicit production; most of cocaine base is shipped to Colombian drug dealers for processing into cocaine for the international drug market, but exports of finished cocaine are increasing Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.7 billion; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.3 billion; Communist countries (1970-89), $577 million Currency: 1 nuevo sol (S/.) = 100 centimos Exchange rates: nuevo sol (S/.) per US$1 - 2.20 (February 1995), 2.195 (1994),1.988 (1993), 1.245 (1992), 0.772 (1991), 0.187 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year Peru:Transportation Railroads: total: 1,801 km standard gauge: 1,501 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 300 km 0.914-m gauge Highways: total: 69,942 km paved: 7,459 km unpaved: improved earth 13,538 km; unimproved earth 48,945 km Inland waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca Pipelines: crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km Ports: Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Yurimaguas note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries Merchant marine: total: 10 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 90,501 GRT/144,913 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 6, refrigerated cargo 1 note: in addition, 4 naval tankers and 1 naval cargo are sometimes used commercially Airports: total: 236 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 6 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 16 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 11 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 5 with paved runways under 914 m: 97 with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 21 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 77 Peru:Communications Telephone system: 544,000 telephones; fairly adequate for most requirements local: NA intercity: nationwide microwave radio relay system and 12 domestic satellite links international: 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 273, FM 0, shortwave 144 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 140 televisions: NA Peru:Defense Forces Branches: Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 6,369,157; males fit for military service 4,300,772; males reach military age (20) annually 251,798 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $810 million, about 2.7% of GDP (1994) |