English Dictionary: knowledge base | by the DICT Development Group |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Kennel \Ken"nel\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Kenneled}or {Kennelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Kennelling}.] To lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox. The dog kenneled in a hollow tree. --L'Estrange. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Kennel \Ken"nel\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Kenneled}or {Kennelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Kennelling}.] To lie or lodge; to dwell, as a dog or a fox. The dog kenneled in a hollow tree. --L'Estrange. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Kneel \Kneel\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Knelt}or {Kneeled} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Kneeling}.] [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan. kn[91]le. See {Knee}.] To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with down. And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. --Acts vii. 60. As soon as you are dressed, kneel and say the Lord's Prayer. --Jer. Taylor. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Knell \Knell\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Knelled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Knelling}.] [OE. knellen, knillen, As. cnyllan. See {Knell}, n.] To sound as a knell; especially, to toll at a death or funeral; hence, to sound as a warning or evil omen. Not worth a blessing nor a bell to knell for thee. --Beau. & Fl. Yet all that poets sing, and grief hath known, Of hopes laid waste, knells in that word, [bd]alone[b8]. --Ld. Lytton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Kneel \Kneel\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Knelt}or {Kneeled} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Kneeling}.] [OE. knelen, cneolien; akin to D. knielen, Dan. kn[91]le. See {Knee}.] To bend the knee; to fall or rest on the knees; -- sometimes with down. And he kneeled down, and cried with a loud voice, Lord, lay not this sin to their charge. --Acts vii. 60. As soon as you are dressed, kneel and say the Lord's Prayer. --Jer. Taylor. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Knelt \Knelt\, imp. & p. p. of {Kneel}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Knoll \Knoll\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Knolled}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Knolling}.] [OE. knollen, AS. cnyllan. See {Knell}.] To ring, as a bell; to strike a knell upon; to toll; to proclaim, or summon, by ringing. [bd]Knolled to church.[b8] --Shak. Heavy clocks knolling the drowsy hours. --Tennyson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Knowledge \Knowl"edge\, n. [OE. knowlage, knowlege, knowleche, knawleche. The last part is the Icel. suffix -leikr, forming abstract nouns, orig. the same as Icel. leikr game, play, sport, akin to AS. l[be]c, Goth. laiks dance. See {Know}, and cf. {Lake}, v. i., {Lark} a frolic.] 1. The act or state of knowing; clear perception of fact, truth, or duty; certain apprehension; familiar cognizance; cognition. Knowledge, which is the highest degree of the speculative faculties, consists in the perception of the truth of affirmative or negative propositions. --Locke. 2. That which is or may be known; the object of an act of knowing; a cognition; -- chiefly used in the plural. There is a great difference in the delivery of the mathematics, which are the most abstracted of knowledges. --Bacon. Knowledges is a term in frequent use by Bacon, and, though now obsolete, should be revived, as without it we are compelled to borrow [bd]cognitions[b8] to express its import. --Sir W. Hamilton. To use a word of Bacon's, now unfortunately obsolete, we must determine the relative value of knowledges. --H. Spencer. 3. That which is gained and preserved by knowing; instruction; acquaintance; enlightenment; learning; scholarship; erudition. Knowledge puffeth up, but charity edifieth. --1 Cor. viii. 1. Ignorance is the curse of God; - Knowledge, the wing wherewith we fly to heaven. --Shak. 4. That familiarity which is gained by actual experience; practical skill; as, a knowledge of life. Shipmen that had knowledge of the sea. --1 Kings ix. 27. 5. Scope of information; cognizance; notice; as, it has not come to my knowledge. Why have I found grace in thine eyes, that thou shouldst take knowledge of me? --Ruth ii. 10. 6. Sexual intercourse; -- usually preceded by carnal; as, carnal knowledge. Syn: See {Wisdom}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Knowledge \Knowl"edge\, v. t. To acknowledge. [Obs.] [bd]Sinners which knowledge their sins.[b8] --Tyndale. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Knollwood, TX (village, FIPS 39680) Location: 33.68898 N, 96.61853 W Population (1990): 205 (101 housing units) Area: 0.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
knowledge concepts and relationships that are assumed to exist in some area of interest. A collection of {knowledge}, represented using some {knowledge representation} language is known as a {knowledge base} and a program for extending and/or querying a knowledge base is a {knowledge-based system}. Knowledge differs from {data} or {information} in that new knowledge may be created from existing knowledge using logical {inference}. If information is data plus meaning then knowledge is information plus processing. A common form of knowledge, e.g. in a {Prolog} program, is a collection of {fact}s and {rule}s about some subject. For example, a {knowledge base} about a family might contain the facts that John is David's son and Tom is John's son and the rule that the son of someone's son is their grandson. From this knowledge it could infer the new fact that Tom is David's grandson. See also {Knowledge Level}. (1994-10-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Knowledge Analysis and Design System {knowledge-based systems} ({expert systems}). KADS was developed as an alternative to an evolutionary approach and is now accepted as the European standard for knowledge based systems. {(http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~timm/pub/slides/kltut/index.html)}. ["Knowledge Based Systems Analysis and Design: A KADS Developers Handbook", Tansley and Hayball] (1998-03-12) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
knowledge base expressed using some formal {knowledge representation} language. A knowledge base forms part of a {knowledge-based system} (KBS). (1994-10-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
knowledge level {knowledge} of an {agent} that is independent of the agent's internal {symbol-level} representation. Knowledge can be attributed to agents by observing their actions. An agent "knows" something if it acts as if it had the information and is acting rationally to achieve its goals. The "actions" of agents, including knowledge base servers and {knowledge-based systems}, can be seen through a "tell and ask" functional interface, where a client interacts with an agent by making {logical assertion}s (tell), and posing queries (ask). (1994-10-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Knowledge Management System (KMS) A distributed {hypermedia} system for managing knowledge in organisations. KMS is a commercial system from {Knowledge Systems, Inc.} running on {workstation}s, based on previous research with {ZOG} at {Carnegie Mellon University}. (1994-10-28) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language language and {protocol}, based on {SGML}, for exchanging {information} and {knowledge}, proposed in 1993(?). Work on KQML is led(?) by Tim Finin University of Maryland Baltimore County, Lab for Advanced Information Technology. It is part of the {ARPA} {Knowledge Sharing Effort}. The KQML message format and protocol can be used to interact with an intelligent system, either by an {application program}, or by another intelligent system. KQML's "performatives" are operations that agents perform on each other's knowledge and {goal} stores. Higher-level interactions such as {contract nets} and negotiation are built using these. KQML's "communication facilitators" coordinate the interactions of other agents to support knowledge sharing. Experimental prototype systems support concurrent engineering, intelligent design, intelligent planning, and scheduling. {Home (http://www.cs.umbc.edu/kqml/)}. (1999-09-28) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
knowledge representation The subfield of {artificial intelligence} concerned with designing and using systems for storing knowledge - {fact}s and {rule}s about some subject. A body of formally represented knowledge is based on a {conceptualisation} - an {abstract} view of the world that we wish to represent. In order to manipulate this knowledge we must specify how the abstract conceptualisation is represented as a {concrete} data structure. An {ontology} is an explicit specification of a conceptualisation. (1994-10-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Knowledge Sharing Effort for building large-scale {knowledge bases} which are sharable and reusable. {KQML} is part of it. (1999-09-28) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Knowledge Systems Laboratory (KSL) An {artificial intelligence} research laboratory within the Department of Computer Science at {Stanford University}. Current work focuses on {knowledge representation} for sharable engineering knowledge bases and systems, computational environments for modelling physical devices, architectures for adaptive intelligent systems, and {expert system}s for science and engineering. (1994-12-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
knowledge-based system querying a {knowledge base}. The related term {expert system} is normally used to refer to a highly domain-specific type of KBS used for a specialised purpose such as medical diagnosis. The {Cyc} project is an example of a large KBS. (1999-09-07) |