English Dictionary: gummy | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Point \Point\, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin. 2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also {pointer}. 3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending into the water beyond the common shore line. 4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a needle; a prick. 5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced. 6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the verge. When time's first point begun Made he all souls. --Sir J. Davies. 7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion. And there a point, for ended is my tale. --Chaucer. Commas and points they set exactly right. --Pope. 8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by tenpoints. [bd]A point of precedence.[b8] --Selden. [bd]Creeping on from point to point.[b8] --Tennyson. A lord full fat and in good point. --Chaucer. 9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story, etc. He told him, point for point, in short and plain. --Chaucer. In point of religion and in point of honor. --Bacon. Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ? --Milton. 10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be established; as, the point of an anecdote. [bd]Here lies the point.[b8] --Shak. They will hardly prove his point. --Arbuthnot. 11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio. This fellow doth not stand upon points. --Shak. [He] cared not for God or man a point. --Spenser. 12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as: (a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a tune. [bd]Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a flourish, but a point of war.[b8] --Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes. 13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See {Equinoctial Nodal}. 14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See {Escutcheon}. 15. (Naut.) (a) One of the points of the compass (see {Points of the compass}, below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See {Reef point}, under {Reef}. 16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the dress. --Sir W. Scott. 17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See Point lace, below. 18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.] 19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant, U. S.] 20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman. 21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the dog came to a point. See {Pointer}. 22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See {Point system of type}, under {Type}. 23. A tyne or snag of an antler. 24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board. 25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce point. Note: The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing point, melting point, vanishing point, etc. {At all points}, in every particular, completely; perfectly. --Shak. {At point}, {In point}, {At}, {In}, [or] On, {the point}, as near as can be; on the verge; about (see {About}, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was on the point of speaking. [bd]In point to fall down.[b8] --Chaucer. [bd]Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his side.[b8] --Milton. {Dead point}. (Mach.) Same as {Dead center}, under {Dead}. {Far point} (Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two eyes together (binocular near point), or with each eye separately (monocular near point). {Nine points of the law}, all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority. {On the point}. See {At point}, above. {Point lace}, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from that made on the pillow. {Point net}, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground). {Point of concurrence} (Geom.), a point common to two lines, but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base. {Point of contrary flexure}, a point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and concavity change sides. {Point of order}, in parliamentary practice, a question of order or propriety under the rules. {Point of sight} (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator. {Point of view}, the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject is considered. {Points of the compass} (Naut.), the thirty-two points of division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called cardinal points, and the rest are named from their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See Illust. under {Compass}. {Point paper}, paper pricked through so as to form a stencil for transferring a design. {Point system of type}. See under {Type}. {Singular point} (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. {To carry one's point}, to accomplish one's object, as in a controversy. {To make a point of}, to attach special importance to. {To make}, [or] {gain}, {a point}, accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position. {To mark}, [or] {score}, {a point}, as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc. {To strain a point}, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience. {Vowel point}, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\ (g[amac]n), n. [OE. gain, gein, ga[yogh]hen, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. {Gain}, v. t.] 1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to {loss}. But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. --Phil. iii. 7. Godliness with contentment is great gain. --1 Tim. vi. 6. Every one shall share in the gains. --Shak. 2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. [bd]The lust of gain.[b8] --Tennyson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gained} (g[amac]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Gaining}.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin[omac]n, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei[edh]r hunting, AS. w[amac][edh]u, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See {Gain}, n., profit.] 1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? --Matt. xvi. 26. To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. --Milton. For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. --Pope. 2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize. 3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate. If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. --Matt. xviii. 15. To gratify the queen, and gained the court. --Dryden. 4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor. Forded Usk and gained the wood. --Tennyson. 5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical] Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. --Acts xxvii. 21. {Gained day}, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. {To gain ground}, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. {To gain over}, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. {To gain the wind} (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship. Syn: To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. Usage: See {Obtain}. -- {To Gain}, {Win}. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\ (g[amac]n), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. Cf. {Ahain}.] Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\, v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily. Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. --Ezek. xxii. 12. {Gaining twist}, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. {To gain on} [or] {upon}. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of. The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. --Addison. My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. --Swift. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Point \Point\, n. [F. point, and probably also pointe, L. punctum, puncta, fr. pungere, punctum, to prick. See {Pungent}, and cf. {Puncto}, {Puncture}.] 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, esp. the sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin. 2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's point; -- called also {pointer}. 3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending into the water beyond the common shore line. 4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a needle; a prick. 5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. Specifically: (Geom.) That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, -- sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced. 6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the verge. When time's first point begun Made he all souls. --Sir J. Davies. 7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and esp. a period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion. And there a point, for ended is my tale. --Chaucer. Commas and points they set exactly right. --Pope. 8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by tenpoints. [bd]A point of precedence.[b8] --Selden. [bd]Creeping on from point to point.[b8] --Tennyson. A lord full fat and in good point. --Chaucer. 9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story, etc. He told him, point for point, in short and plain. --Chaucer. In point of religion and in point of honor. --Bacon. Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ? --Milton. 10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; esp., the proposition to be established; as, the point of an anecdote. [bd]Here lies the point.[b8] --Shak. They will hardly prove his point. --Arbuthnot. 11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio. This fellow doth not stand upon points. --Shak. [He] cared not for God or man a point. --Spenser. 12. (Mus.) A dot or mark used to designate certain tones or time; as: (a) (Anc. Mus.) A dot or mark distinguishing or characterizing certain tones or styles; as, points of perfection, of augmentation, etc.; hence, a note; a tune. [bd]Sound the trumpet -- not a levant, or a flourish, but a point of war.[b8] --Sir W. Scott. (b) (Mod. Mus.) A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes. 13. (Astron.) A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See {Equinoctial Nodal}. 14. (Her.) One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See {Escutcheon}. 15. (Naut.) (a) One of the points of the compass (see {Points of the compass}, below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; as, to fall off a point. (b) A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See {Reef point}, under {Reef}. 16. (Anc. Costume) A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the dress. --Sir W. Scott. 17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See Point lace, below. 18. pl. (Railways) A switch. [Eng.] 19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. [Cant, U. S.] 20. (Cricket) A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman. 21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the dog came to a point. See {Pointer}. 22. (Type Making) A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See {Point system of type}, under {Type}. 23. A tyne or snag of an antler. 24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board. 25. (Fencing) A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce point. Note: The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing point, melting point, vanishing point, etc. {At all points}, in every particular, completely; perfectly. --Shak. {At point}, {In point}, {At}, {In}, [or] On, {the point}, as near as can be; on the verge; about (see {About}, prep., 6); as, at the point of death; he was on the point of speaking. [bd]In point to fall down.[b8] --Chaucer. [bd]Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his side.[b8] --Milton. {Dead point}. (Mach.) Same as {Dead center}, under {Dead}. {Far point} (Med.), in ophthalmology, the farthest point at which objects are seen distinctly. In normal eyes the nearest point at which objects are seen distinctly; either with the two eyes together (binocular near point), or with each eye separately (monocular near point). {Nine points of the law}, all but the tenth point; the greater weight of authority. {On the point}. See {At point}, above. {Point lace}, lace wrought with the needle, as distinguished from that made on the pillow. {Point net}, a machine-made lace imitating a kind of Brussels lace (Brussels ground). {Point of concurrence} (Geom.), a point common to two lines, but not a point of tangency or of intersection, as, for instance, that in which a cycloid meets its base. {Point of contrary flexure}, a point at which a curve changes its direction of curvature, or at which its convexity and concavity change sides. {Point of order}, in parliamentary practice, a question of order or propriety under the rules. {Point of sight} (Persp.), in a perspective drawing, the point assumed as that occupied by the eye of the spectator. {Point of view}, the relative position from which anything is seen or any subject is considered. {Points of the compass} (Naut.), the thirty-two points of division of the compass card in the mariner's compass; the corresponding points by which the circle of the horizon is supposed to be divided, of which the four marking the directions of east, west, north, and south, are called cardinal points, and the rest are named from their respective directions, as N. by E., N. N. E., N. E. by N., N. E., etc. See Illust. under {Compass}. {Point paper}, paper pricked through so as to form a stencil for transferring a design. {Point system of type}. See under {Type}. {Singular point} (Geom.), a point of a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. {To carry one's point}, to accomplish one's object, as in a controversy. {To make a point of}, to attach special importance to. {To make}, [or] {gain}, {a point}, accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position. {To mark}, [or] {score}, {a point}, as in billiards, cricket, etc., to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc. {To strain a point}, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience. {Vowel point}, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\ (g[amac]n), n. [OE. gain, gein, ga[yogh]hen, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. {Gain}, v. t.] 1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to {loss}. But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. --Phil. iii. 7. Godliness with contentment is great gain. --1 Tim. vi. 6. Every one shall share in the gains. --Shak. 2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. [bd]The lust of gain.[b8] --Tennyson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gained} (g[amac]nd); p. pr. & vb. n. {Gaining}.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin[omac]n, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei[edh]r hunting, AS. w[amac][edh]u, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See {Gain}, n., profit.] 1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? --Matt. xvi. 26. To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. --Milton. For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. --Pope. 2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize. 3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate. If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. --Matt. xviii. 15. To gratify the queen, and gained the court. --Dryden. 4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor. Forded Usk and gained the wood. --Tennyson. 5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical] Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. --Acts xxvii. 21. {Gained day}, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. {To gain ground}, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. {To gain over}, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. {To gain the wind} (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship. Syn: To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. Usage: See {Obtain}. -- {To Gain}, {Win}. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\ (g[amac]n), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. Cf. {Ahain}.] Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gain \Gain\, v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily. Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. --Ezek. xxii. 12. {Gaining twist}, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. {To gain on} [or] {upon}. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of. The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. --Addison. My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. --Swift. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gam \Gam\, n. [Orig. uncert.] (Naut.) (a) A herd, or school, of whales. (b) A visit between whalers at sea; a holding of social intercourse between those on different vessels at sea, or (Local U. S.) between persons ashore. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gam \Gam\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gammed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gam"ming}.] (Naut.) (a) To gather in a gam; -- said of whales. (b) To engage in a gam, or (Local, U. S.) in social intercourse anywhere. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gam \Gam\, v. t. (Naut.) To have a gam with; to pay a visit to, esp. among whalers at sea. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Game \Game\, a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Game \Game\, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. {Gammon} a game, {Backgammon}, {Gamble} v. i.] 1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic. We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. --Shak. 2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc. But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. --Cowper. Note: Among the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games. 3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards. Talk the game o'er between the deal. --Lloyd. 4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game. 5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest. 6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project. Your murderous game is nearly up. --Blackw. Mag. It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. --Saintsbury. 7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table. Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game. --Blackstone. {Confidence game}. See under {Confidence}. {To make game of}, to make sport of; to mock. --Milton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Game \Game\, a. 1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky. I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death. --W. Irving. 2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting. {Game bag}, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. {Game bird}, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. {Game egg}, an egg producing a gamecock. {Game laws}, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. {Game preserver}, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] {To be game}. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] {To die game}, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Game \Game\ (g[amac]m), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gamed} (g[amac]md); p. pr. & vb. n. {Gaming}.] [OE. gamen, game[?]en, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See {Game}, n.] 1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.] God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. --Chaucer. 2. To play at any sport or diversion. 3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gamma \Gam"ma\, n. The third letter ([GAMMA], [gamma] = Eng. G) of the Greek alphabet. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gamy \Gam"y\, a. 1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored. 2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gan \Gan\, imp. of {Gin}. [See {Gin}, v.] Began; commenced. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gan}, {Gon} ([?]), [or] {Gun} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Ginning}.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g[c6]nan to yawn, and E. yawn. [?] See {Yawn}, v. i., and cf. {Begin}.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See {Gan}. [Obs. or Archaic] [bd]He gan to pray.[b8] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gane \Gane\, v. i. [See {Yawn}.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gawn \Gawn\, n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.] A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] --Johnson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gayne \Gayne\, v. i. [See {Gain}.] To avail. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gean \Gean\, n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. w[c6]hsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe ({Prunus avium}); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gehenna \Ge*hen"na\ (g[esl]*h[ecr]n"n[adot]), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr. Ge`enna, Heb. G[emac] Hinn[omac]m.] (Jewish Hist.) The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell. The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. --Milton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gein \Ge"in\, n. [Gr. [?] earth.] (Chem.) See {Humin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Humin \Hu"min\, n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also {humic acid}, {ulmin}, {gein}, {ulmic} or {geic acid}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gein \Ge"in\, n. [Gr. [?] earth.] (Chem.) See {Humin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Humin \Hu"min\, n. [L. humus the earth, ground.] (Chem.) A bitter, brownish yellow, amorphous substance, extracted from vegetable mold, and also produced by the action of acids on certain sugars and carbohydrates; -- called also {humic acid}, {ulmin}, {gein}, {ulmic} or {geic acid}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gem \Gem\, n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.] 1. (Bot.) A bud. From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. --Denham. 2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. --Milton. 3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. {Artificial gem}, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. {Paste}, and {Strass}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gem \Gem\ v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gemmed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gemming}] 1. To put forth in the form of buds. [bd]Gemmed their blossoms.[b8] [R.] --Milton. 2. To adorn with gems or precious stones. 3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops. England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. --W. Irving. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Gemma \[d8]Gem"ma\, n.; pl. {Gemm[91]}. [L., a bud.] 1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud. 2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gemmy \Gem"my\, a. [From {Gem}, n.] 1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem. The gemmy bridle glittered free. --Tennyson. 2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
-gen \-gen\ [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see {Genus}). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -g[8a]ne.] 1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen. 2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Genius \Gen"ius\, n.; pl. E. {Geniuses}; in sense 1, L. {Genii}. [L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See {Gender}, and cf. {Engine}.] 1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. {Jinnee}. The unseen genius of the wood. --Milton. We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity. --Tylor. 2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting. 3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language. 4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius. Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifyng power. --Coleridge. 5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius. Syn: {Genius}, {Talent}. Usage: Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt for his pre[89]minent talents, and especially his unrivaled talent for debate. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Genu \[d8]Ge"nu\, n.; pl. {Genua}. [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee. (b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gim \Gim\, a. [Cf. {Gimp}, a.] Neat; spruce. [Prov.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ginned}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Ginning}.] 1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl. 2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d {Geneva}.] A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called {Hollands} and {Holland gin}, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, n. [A contraction of engine.] 1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. --Chaucer. Spenser. 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim. 3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin. Note: The name is also given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails. {Gin block}, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also {whip gin}, {rubbish pulley}, and {monkey wheel}. {Gin power}, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. {Gin race}, [or] {Gin ring}, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion. --Halliwell. {Gin saw}, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. {Gin wheel}. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, prep. [AS. ge[a0]n. See {Again}.] Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] --A. Ross (1778). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, conj. [See {Gin}, prep.] If. [Scotch] --Jamieson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gan}, {Gon} ([?]), [or] {Gun} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Ginning}.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g[c6]nan to yawn, and E. yawn. [?] See {Yawn}, v. i., and cf. {Begin}.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See {Gan}. [Obs. or Archaic] [bd]He gan to pray.[b8] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ginnee \Gin"nee\, n.; pl. {Ginn}. See {Jinnee}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ginnee \Gin"nee\, n.; pl. {Ginn}. See {Jinnee}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gnaw \Gnaw\, v. i. To use the teeth in biting; to bite with repeated effort, as in eating or removing with the teethsomething hard, unwiedly, or unmanageable. I might well, like the spaniel, gnaw upon the chain that ties me. --Sir P. Sidney. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gnaw \Gnaw\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Gnawed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gnawing}.] [OE. gnawen, AS. gnagan; akin to D. knagen, OHG. gnagan, nagan, G. nagen, Icel. & Sw. gnaga, Dan. gnave, nage. Cf. {Nag} to tease.] 1. To bite, as something hard or tough, which is not readily separated or crushed; to bite off little by little, with effort; to wear or eat away by scraping or continuous biting with the teeth; to nibble at. His bones clean picked; his very bones they gnaw. --Dryden. 2. To bite in agony or rage. They gnawed their tongues for pain. --Rev. xvi. 10. 3. To corrode; to fret away; to waste. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gnew \Gnew\ (n[umac]), obs. imp. of {Gnaw}. --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gnu \Gnu\, n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zo[94]l.) One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus {Catoblephas}, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written also {gnoo}.] Note: The common gnu or wildebeest ({Catoblephas gnu}) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest ({C. gorgon}) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gnow \Gnow\, obs. imp. of {Gnaw}. Gnawed. --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gnu \Gnu\, n. [Hottentot gnu, or nju: cf. F. gnou.] (Zo[94]l.) One of two species of large South African antelopes of the genus {Catoblephas}, having a mane and bushy tail, and curved horns in both sexes. [Written also {gnoo}.] Note: The common gnu or wildebeest ({Catoblephas gnu}) is plain brown; the brindled gnu or blue wildebeest ({C. gorgon}) is larger, with transverse stripes of black on the neck and shoulders. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Goen \Go"en\, p. p. of Go. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gome \Gome\, n. [AS. guma; akin to Goth. guma, L. homo. See {Bridegroom}.] A man. [Obs.] --P. Plowman. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gome \Gome\, n. [Cf. Icel. gormr ooze, mud.] The black grease on the axle of a cart or wagon wheel; -- called also {gorm}. See {Gorm}. [Prov. Eng.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gon \Gon\, imp. & p. p. of {Go}. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gan}, {Gon} ([?]), [or] {Gun} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Ginning}.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g[c6]nan to yawn, and E. yawn. [?] See {Yawn}, v. i., and cf. {Begin}.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See {Gan}. [Obs. or Archaic] [bd]He gan to pray.[b8] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gone \Gone\, p. p. of {Go}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Go \Go\, v. i. [imp. {Went} (w[ecr]nt); p. p. {Gone} (g[ocr]n; 115); p. pr. & vb. n. {Going}. Went comes from the AS, wendan. See {Wend}, v. i.] [OE. gan, gon, AS. g[be]n, akin to D. gaan, G. gehn, gehen, OHG. g[emac]n, g[be]n, SW. g[aring], Dan. gaae; cf. Gr. kicha`nai to reach, overtake, Skr. h[be] to go, AS. gangan, and E. gang. The past tense in AS., eode, is from the root i to go, as is also Goth. iddja went. [root]47a. Cf. {Gang}, v. i., {Wend}.] 1. To pass from one place to another; to be in motion; to be in a state not motionless or at rest; to proceed; to advance; to make progress; -- used, in various applications, of the movement of both animate and inanimate beings, by whatever means, and also of the movements of the mind; also figuratively applied. 2. To move upon the feet, or step by step; to walk; also, to walk step by step, or leisurely. Note: In old writers go is much used as opposed to run, or ride. [bd]Whereso I go or ride.[b8] --Chaucer. You know that love Will creep in service where it can not go. --Shak. Thou must run to him; for thou hast staid so long that going will scarce serve the turn. --Shak. He fell from running to going, and from going to clambering upon his hands and his knees. --Bunyan. Note: In Chaucer go is used frequently with the pronoun in the objective used reflexively; as, he goeth him home. 3. To be passed on fron one to another; to pass; to circulate; hence, with for, to have currency; to be taken, accepted, or regarded. The man went among men for an old man in the days of Saul. --1 Sa. xvii. 12. [The money] should go according to its true value. --Locke. 4. To proceed or happen in a given manner; to fare; to move on or be carried on; to have course; to come to an issue or result; to succeed; to turn out. How goes the night, boy ? --Shak. I think, as the world goes, he was a good sort of man enough. --Arbuthnot. Whether the cause goes for me or against me, you must pay me the reward. --I Watts. 5. To proceed or tend toward a result, consequence, or product; to tend; to conduce; to be an ingredient; to avail; to apply; to contribute; -- often with the infinitive; as, this goes to show. Against right reason all your counsels go. --Dryden. To master the foul flend there goeth some complement knowledge of theology. --Sir W. Scott. 6. To apply one's self; to set one's self; to undertake. Seeing himself confronted by so many, like a resolute orator, he went not to denial, but to justify his cruel falsehood. --Sir P. Sidney. Note: Go, in this sense, is often used in the present participle with the auxiliary verb to be, before an infinitive, to express a future of intention, or to denote design; as, I was going to say; I am going to begin harvest. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Goldin \Gold"in\, Golding \Gold"ing\, n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold ({Chrysanthemum segetum}). [This word is variously corrupted into {gouland}, {gools}, {gowan}, etc.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gowan \Gow"an\, n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.] 1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.] And pu'd the gowans fine. --Burns. 2. (Min.) Decomposed granite. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Goldin \Gold"in\, Golding \Gold"ing\, n. (Bot.) [From the golden color of the blossoms.] A conspicuous yellow flower, commonly the corn marigold ({Chrysanthemum segetum}). [This word is variously corrupted into {gouland}, {gools}, {gowan}, etc.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gowan \Gow"an\, n. [Scot., fr. Gael. gugan bud, flower, daisy.] 1. The daisy, or mountain daisy. [Scot.] And pu'd the gowans fine. --Burns. 2. (Min.) Decomposed granite. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gowany \Gow"an*y\, a. Having, abounding in, or decked with, daisies. [Scot.] Sweeter than gowany glens or new-mown hay. --Ramsay. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gown \Gown\, n. [OE. goune, prob. from W. gwn gown, loose robe, akin to Ir. gunn, Gael. g[97]n; cf. OF. gone, prob. of the same origin.] 1. A loose, flowing upper garment; especially: (a) The ordinary outer dress of a woman; as, a calico or silk gown. (b) The official robe of certain professional men and scholars, as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.; hence, the dress of peace; the dress of civil officers, in distinction from military. He Mars deposed, and arms to gowns made yield. --Dryden. (c) A loose wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors; a dressing gown. 2. Any sort of dress or garb. He comes . . . in the gown of humility. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Guan \Guan\ (gw[aum]n), n. ((Zo[94]l.) Any one of many species of large gallinaceous birds of Central and South America, belonging to {Penelope}, {Pipile}, {Ortalis}, and allied genera. Several of the species are often domesticated. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Guana \Gua"na\ (gw[aum]"n[adot]), n. (Zo[94]l.) See {Iguana}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Guano \Gua"no\, n.; pl. {Guanos}. [Sp. guano, fr. Peruv. huanu dung.] A substance found in great abundance on some coasts or islands frequented by sea fowls, and composed chiefly of their excrement. It is rich in phosphates and ammonia, and is used as a powerful fertilizer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Peach \Peach\, n. [OE. peche, peshe, OF. pesche, F. p[88]che, fr. LL. persia, L. Persicum (sc. malum) a Persian apple, a peach. Cf. {Persian}, and {Parsee}.] (Bot.) A well-known high-flavored juicy fruit, containing one or two seeds in a hard almond-like endocarp or stone; also, the tree which bears it ({Prunus, [or] Amygdalus Persica}). In the wild stock the fruit is hard and inedible. {Guinea}, [or] {Sierra Leone}, {peach}, the large edible berry of the {Sarcocephalus esculentus}, a rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical Africa. {Palm peach}, the fruit of a Venezuelan palm tree ({Bactris speciosa}). {Peach color}, the pale red color of the peach blossom. {Peach-tree borer} (Zo[94]l.), the larva of a clearwing moth ({[92]geria, [or] Sannina, exitiosa}) of the family {[92]geriid[91]}, which is very destructive to peach trees by boring in the wood, usually near the ground; also, the moth itself. See Illust. under {Borer}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Guinea \Guin"ea\ (g[icr]n"[esl]), n. 1. A district on the west coast of Africa (formerly noted for its export of gold and slaves) after which the Guinea fowl, Guinea grass, Guinea peach, etc., are named. 2. A gold coin of England current for twenty-one shillings sterling, or about five dollars, but not coined since the issue of sovereigns in 1817. The guinea, so called from the Guinea gold out of which it was first struck, was proclaimed in 1663, and to go for twenty shillings; but it never went for less than twenty-one shillings. --Pinkerton. {Guinea corn}. (Bot.) See {Durra}. {Guinea Current} (Geog.), a current in the Atlantic Ocean setting southwardly into the Bay of Benin on the coast of Guinea. {Guinea dropper} one who cheats by dropping counterfeit guineas. [Obs.] --Gay. {Guinea fowl}, {Guinea hen} (Zo[94]l.), an African gallinaceous bird, of the genus {Numida}, allied to the pheasants. The common domesticated species ({N. meleagris}), has a colored fleshy horn on each aide of the head, and is of a dark gray color, variegated with small white spots. The crested Guinea fowl ({N. cristata}) is a finer species. {Guinea grains} (Bot.), grains of Paradise, or amomum. See {Amomum}. {Guinea grass} (Bot.), a tall strong forage grass ({Panicum jumentorum}) introduced. from Africa into the West Indies and Southern United States. {Guinea-hen flower} (Bot.), a liliaceous flower ({Fritillaria Meleagris}) with petals spotted like the feathers of the Guinea hen. {Guinea peach}. See under {Peach}. {Guinea pepper} (Bot.), the pods of the {Xylopia aromatica}, a tree of the order {Anonace[91]}, found in tropical West Africa. They are also sold under the name of {Piper [92]thiopicum}. {Guinea pig}. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana pig.] (a) (Zo[94]l.) A small Brazilian rodent ({Cavia cobaya}), about seven inches in length and usually of a white color, with spots of orange and black. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Kauri resin \Kauri resin\, gum \gum\, [or] copal \copal\ A resinous product of the kauri, found in the form of yellow or brown lumps in the ground where the trees have grown. It is used for making varnish, and as a substitute for amber. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel. g[?]mr, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. [?] to gape.] The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. {Gum rash} (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. {Gum stick}, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See {Gummer}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. [?], prob. from an Egyptian form kam[?]; cf. It. {gomma}.] 1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins. 2. (Bot.) See {Gum tree}, {below}. 3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.] 4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.] {Black gum}, {Blue gum}, {British gum}, etc. See under {Black}, {Blue}, etc. {Gum Acaroidea}, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree ({Xanlhorrh[d2]a}). {Gum animal} (Zo[94]l.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See {Galago}. {Gum animi or anim[82]}. See {Anim[82]}. {Gum arabic}, a gum yielded mostly by several species of {Acacia} (chiefly {A. vera} and {A. Arabica}) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also {gum acacia}. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. {Gum butea}, a gum yielded by the Indian plants {Butea frondosa} and {B. superba}, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. {Gum cistus}, a plant of the genus {Cistus} ({Cistus ladaniferus}), a species of rock rose. {Gum dragon}. See {Tragacanth}. {Gum elastic}, {Elastic gum}. See {Caoutchouc}. {Gum elemi}. See {Elemi}. {Gum juniper}. See {Sandarac}. {Gum kino}. See under {Kino}. {Gum lac}. See {Lac}. {Gum Ladanum}, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose. {Gum passages}, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants ({Amygdalace[91]}, {Cactace[91]}, etc.), and affording passage for gum. {Gum pot}, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients. {Gum resin}, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. {Gum sandarac}. See {Sandarac}. {Gum Senegal}, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees ({Acacia Verek} and {A. Adansoni[84]}) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. {Gum tragacanth}. See {Tragacanth}. {Gum tree}, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum ({Nyssa multiflora}), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus {Eucalyptus.} See {Eucalpytus.} (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States ({Liquidambar styraciflua}), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. {Gum water}, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. {Gum wood}, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the {Eucalyptus piperita}, of New South Wales. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, v. i. To exude or from gum; to become gummy. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, v. t. [imp. &. p. {Gummed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gumming}.] To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance. He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Kauri resin \Kauri resin\, gum \gum\, [or] copal \copal\ A resinous product of the kauri, found in the form of yellow or brown lumps in the ground where the trees have grown. It is used for making varnish, and as a substitute for amber. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, n. [OE. gome, AS. gama palate; akin Co G. gaumen, OHG. goumo, guomo, Icel. g[?]mr, Sw. gom; cf. Gr. [?] to gape.] The dense tissues which invest the teeth, and cover the adjacent parts of the jaws. {Gum rash} (Med.), strophulus in a teething child; red gum. {Gum stick}, a smooth hard substance for children to bite upon while teething. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, v. t. To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw). See {Gummer}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, n. [OE. gomme, gumme, F. gomme, L. gummi and commis, fr. Gr. [?], prob. from an Egyptian form kam[?]; cf. It. {gomma}.] 1. A vegetable secretion of many trees or plants that hardens when it exudes, but is soluble in water; as, gum arabic; gum tragacanth; the gum of the cherry tree. Also, with less propriety, exudations that are not soluble in water; as, gum copal and gum sandarac, which are really resins. 2. (Bot.) See {Gum tree}, {below}. 3. A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive; also, a vessel or bin made of a hollow log. [Southern U. S.] 4. A rubber overshoe. [Local, U. S.] {Black gum}, {Blue gum}, {British gum}, etc. See under {Black}, {Blue}, etc. {Gum Acaroidea}, the resinous gum of the Australian grass tree ({Xanlhorrh[d2]a}). {Gum animal} (Zo[94]l.), the galago of West Africa; -- so called because it feeds on gums. See {Galago}. {Gum animi or anim[82]}. See {Anim[82]}. {Gum arabic}, a gum yielded mostly by several species of {Acacia} (chiefly {A. vera} and {A. Arabica}) growing in Africa and Southern Asia; -- called also {gum acacia}. East Indian gum arabic comes from a tree of the Orange family which bears the elephant apple. {Gum butea}, a gum yielded by the Indian plants {Butea frondosa} and {B. superba}, and used locally in tanning and in precipitating indigo. {Gum cistus}, a plant of the genus {Cistus} ({Cistus ladaniferus}), a species of rock rose. {Gum dragon}. See {Tragacanth}. {Gum elastic}, {Elastic gum}. See {Caoutchouc}. {Gum elemi}. See {Elemi}. {Gum juniper}. See {Sandarac}. {Gum kino}. See under {Kino}. {Gum lac}. See {Lac}. {Gum Ladanum}, a fragrant gum yielded by several Oriental species of Cistus or rock rose. {Gum passages}, sap receptacles extending through the parenchyma of certain plants ({Amygdalace[91]}, {Cactace[91]}, etc.), and affording passage for gum. {Gum pot}, a varnish maker's utensil for melting gum and mixing other ingredients. {Gum resin}, the milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to air; one of certain inspissated saps, mixtures of, or having properties of, gum and resin; a resin containing more or less mucilaginous and gummy matter. {Gum sandarac}. See {Sandarac}. {Gum Senegal}, a gum similar to gum arabic, yielded by trees ({Acacia Verek} and {A. Adansoni[84]}) growing in the Senegal country, West Africa. {Gum tragacanth}. See {Tragacanth}. {Gum tree}, the name given to several trees in America and Australia: (a) The black gum ({Nyssa multiflora}), one of the largest trees of the Southern States, bearing a small blue fruit, the favorite food of the opossum. Most of the large trees become hollow. (b) A tree of the genus {Eucalyptus.} See {Eucalpytus.} (c) The sweet gum tree of the United States ({Liquidambar styraciflua}), a large and beautiful tree with pointedly lobed leaves and woody burlike fruit. It exudes an aromatic terebinthine juice. {Gum water}, a solution of gum, esp. of gum arabic, in water. {Gum wood}, the wood of any gum tree, esp. the wood of the {Eucalyptus piperita}, of New South Wales. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, v. i. To exude or from gum; to become gummy. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gum \Gum\, v. t. [imp. &. p. {Gummed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Gumming}.] To smear with gum; to close with gum; to unite or stiffen by gum or a gumlike substance; to make sticky with a gumlike substance. He frets likke a gummed velvet.Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gummy \Gum"my\, a. [Compar. {Gummer} ([?]); superl. {Gummirst}.] Consisting of gum; viscous; adhesive; producing or containing gum; covered with gum or a substance resembling gum. Kindles the gummy bark of fir or pine. --Milton. Then rubs his gummy eyes. --Dryden. {Gummy tumor} (Med.), a gumma. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gin \Gin\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Gan}, {Gon} ([?]), [or] {Gun} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Ginning}.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g[c6]nan to yawn, and E. yawn. [?] See {Yawn}, v. i., and cf. {Begin}.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See {Gan}. [Obs. or Archaic] [bd]He gan to pray.[b8] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gun \Gun\, n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin; cf. Ir., {Gael}.) A LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon) fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E. mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.] 1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance; any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles by the explosion of gunpowder, consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge behind, which is ignited by various means. Muskets, rifles, carbines, and fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are called {small arms}. Larger guns are called {cannon}, {ordnance}, {fieldpieces}, {carronades}, {howitzers}, etc. See these terms in the Vocabulary. As swift as a pellet out of a gunne When fire is in the powder runne. --Chaucer. The word gun was in use in England for an engine to cast a thing from a man long before there was any gunpowder found out. --Selden. 2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a cannon. 3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind. Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or manner of loading as {rifled} or {smoothbore}, {breech-loading} or {muzzle-loading}, {cast} or {built-up guns}; or according to their use, as {field}, {mountain}, {prairie}, {seacoast}, and {siege guns}. {Armstrong gun}, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong. {Great gun}, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence (Fig.), a person superior in any way. {Gun barrel}, the barrel or tube of a gun. {Gun carriage}, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or moved. {Gun cotton} (Chem.), a general name for a series of explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity. Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See {Pyroxylin}, and cf. {Xyloidin}. The gun cottons are used for blasting and somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for making collodion. See {Celluloid}, and {Collodion}. Gun cotton is frequenty but improperly called nitrocellulose. It is not a nitro compound, but an ethereal salt of nitric acid. {Gun deck}. See under {Deck}. {Gun fire}, the time at which the morning or the evening gun is fired. {Gun metal}, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron. {Gun port} (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a cannon's muzzle is run out for firing. {Gun tackle} (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from the gun port. {Gun tackle purchase} (Naut.), a tackle composed of two single blocks and a fall. --Totten. {Krupp gun}, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named after its German inventor, Herr Krupp. {Machine gun}, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns, mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the gun or guns and fired in rapid succession, sometimes in volleys, by machinery operated by turning a crank. Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute with accurate aim. The {Gatling gun}, {Gardner gun}, {Hotchkiss gun}, and {Nordenfelt gun}, named for their inventors, and the French {mitrailleuse}, are machine guns. {To blow great guns} (Naut.), to blow a gale. See {Gun}, n., 3. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gun \Gun\, v. i. To practice fowling or hunting small game; -- chiefly in participial form; as, to go gunning. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gunnie \Gun"nie\, n. (Mining.) Space left by the removal of ore. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gunny \Gun"ny\, n., Gunny cloth \Gun"ny cloth`\ [Hind. gon, gon[?],, a sack, sacking.] A strong, coarse kind of sacking, made from the fibers (called jute) of two plants of the genus {Corchorus} ({C. olitorius} and {C. capsularis}), of India. The fiber is also used in the manufacture of cordage. {Gunny bag}, a sack made of gunny, used for coarse commodities. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gyn \Gyn\, v. i. To begin [Obs.] See {Gin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Gynno \Gyn"no\, v. i. To begin. See {Gin}. [Obs.] | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gahanna, OH (city, FIPS 29106) Location: 40.02503 N, 82.87500 W Population (1990): 27791 (9921 housing units) Area: 34.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 43230 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gann, OH (village, FIPS 29288) Location: 40.46911 N, 82.19031 W Population (1990): 179 (68 housing units) Area: 0.5 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gem, KS (city, FIPS 26050) Location: 39.42577 N, 100.89681 W Population (1990): 104 (47 housing units) Area: 0.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 67734 Gem, WV Zip code(s): 26335 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Genoa, CO (town, FIPS 29680) Location: 39.27844 N, 103.49941 W Population (1990): 167 (83 housing units) Area: 0.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 80818 Genoa, IL (city, FIPS 28898) Location: 42.09765 N, 88.68989 W Population (1990): 3083 (1226 housing units) Area: 3.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 60135 Genoa, NE (city, FIPS 18475) Location: 41.44591 N, 97.73285 W Population (1990): 1082 (451 housing units) Area: 2.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 68640 Genoa, NY Zip code(s): 13071 Genoa, OH (village, FIPS 29722) Location: 41.51842 N, 83.36101 W Population (1990): 2262 (834 housing units) Area: 2.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 43430 Genoa, WI (village, FIPS 28625) Location: 43.57339 N, 91.22580 W Population (1990): 266 (115 housing units) Area: 0.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 54632 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gheen, MN Zip code(s): 55740 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gowen, MI Zip code(s): 49326 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Guin, AL (town, FIPS 32224) Location: 33.96609 N, 87.91055 W Population (1990): 2464 (1069 housing units) Area: 24.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 35563 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Guion, AR (town, FIPS 29080) Location: 35.92913 N, 91.94006 W Population (1990): 93 (70 housing units) Area: 1.5 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 72540 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gu-Win, AL (town, FIPS 32536) Location: 33.95823 N, 87.87166 W Population (1990): 243 (97 housing units) Area: 12.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gwinn, MI (CDP, FIPS 35760) Location: 46.29093 N, 87.43931 W Population (1990): 2370 (992 housing units) Area: 13.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Gwynn, VA Zip code(s): 23066 | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
gen /jen/ n.,v. Short for {generate}, used frequently in both spoken and written contexts. | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
GNU /gnoo/, _not_ /noo/ 1. [acronym: `GNU's Not Unix!', see {{recursive acronym}}] A Unix-workalike development effort of the Free Software Foundation headed by Richard Stallman < designed for this project, have become very popular in hackerdom and elsewhere. The GNU project was designed partly to proselytize for RMS's position that information is community property and all software source should be shared. One of its slogans is "Help stamp out software hoarding!" Though this remains controversial (because it implicitly denies any right of designers to own, assign, and sell the results of their labors), many hackers who disagree with RMS have nevertheless cooperated to produce large amounts of high-quality software for free redistribution under the Free Software Foundation's imprimatur. The GNU project has a web page at `http://www.gnu.org'. See {EMACS}, {copyleft}, {General Public Virus}, {Linux}. 2. Noted Unix hacker John Gilmore < founder of Usenet's anarchic alt.* hierarchy. | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
gun vt. [ITS, now rare: from the `:GUN' command] To forcibly terminate a program or job (computer, not career). "Some idiot left a background process running soaking up half the cycles, so I gunned it." Usage: now rare. Compare {can}, {blammo}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GAMMA mathematical programming reports. ["GAMMA 3.3 for MPS/MPSX, IBM System:/360", Bonnor & Moore Assocs (Mar 1975)]. 2. A high-level parallel language. [Research No definitions found for "GEM" No definitions found for "gen" Directions in High-Level Parallel Languages, LeMetayer ed, Springer 1992]. (1994-11-29) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GAN Generating and Analyzing Networks. "GAN - A System for Generating and Analyzing Activity Networks", A. Schurmann, CACM 11(10) (Oct 1968). | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GIM-1 Generalized Information Management Language. Nelson, Pick, Andrews. Proc SJCC 29:169-73, AFIPS (Fall 1966). | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GIN A special-purpose {macro assembler} used to build the {GEORGE 3} {operating system} for {ICL1900} series computers. (1994-11-02) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GINA Generic Interactive Application. An {application framework} based on {Common Lisp} and {OSF}/{Motif}, designed to simplify the construction of graphical interactive applications. GINA consists of {CLM} - a language binding for {OSF}/{Motif} in {Common Lisp}; the GINA application framework - a {class library} in {CLOS}; the GINA interface builder - an interactive tool implemented with GINA to design {Motif} windows. Version 2.2 requires {OSF}/{Motif} 1.1 or better, {Common Lisp} with {CLX}, {CLOS}, {PCL} and processes. It runs with {Franz Allegro}, {Lucid}, {CMU CL} and {Symbolics} {Genera}. {Germany (ftp://ftp.gmd.de/gmd/gina)}. {N. America (ftp://export.lcs.mit.edu/contrib/)}. Mailing list: gina-users-request@gmdzi.gmd.de. (1994-11-02) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
gm (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
gn (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GNN {Global Network Navigator} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GNU /g*noo/ 1. A {recursive acronym}: "GNU's Not Unix!". The {Free Software Foundation}'s project to provide a freely distributable replacement for {Unix}. The GNU Manifesto was published in the March 1985 issue of Dr. Dobb's Journal but the GNU project started a year and a half earlier when {Richard Stallman} was trying to get funding to work on his freely distributable editor, {Emacs}. {Emacs} and the GNU {C} compiler, {gcc}, two tools designed for this project, have become very popular. GNU software is available from many {GNU archive site}s. See also {Hurd}. 2. [{Jargon File}] (1997-04-12) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GNU E A persistent C++ variant Version 2.3.3 compiler {(ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/exodus/E/)}. GNU E is a persistent, object oriented programming language developed as part of the Exodus project. GNU E extends C++ with the notion of persistent data, program level data objects that can be transparently used across multiple executions of a program, or multiple programs, without explicit input and output operations. GNU E's form of {persistence} is based on extensions to the C++ type system to distinguish potentially persistent data objects from objects that are always memory resident. An object is made persistent either by its declaration (via a new "persistent" storage class qualifier) or by its method of allocation (via persistent dynamic allocation using a special overloading of the new operator). The underlying object storage system is the Exodus storage manager, which provides concurrency control and recovery in addition to storage for persistent data. restriction: Copyleft; not all run-time sources are available (yet) requires: release 2.1.1 of the Exodus storage manager E-mail: (1993/01/20) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GOM Good Old MAD. Don Boettner, U Mich. MAD for the IBM 360. Parts of the MTS {time-sharing} system were written in GOM. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GSM {Global System for Mobile Communications} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
gun terminate a program or job (computer, not career). "Some idiot left a background process running soaking up half the cycles, so I gunned it." Compare {can}. (1995-02-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
GWM Generic Window Manager. An extensible window manager for the {X Window System}. It is built on top of an {interpreter} for the {WOOL} language. {(ftp://export.lcs.mit.edu/contrib/gwm)}, {(ftp://avahi.inria.fr/contrib/gwm)}. | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Gehenna (originally Ge bene Hinnom; i.e., "the valley of the sons of Hinnom"), a deep, narrow glen to the south of Jerusalem, where the idolatrous Jews offered their children in sacrifice to Molech (2 Chr. 28:3; 33:6; Jer. 7:31; 19:2-6). This valley afterwards became the common receptacle for all the refuse of the city. Here the dead bodies of animals and of criminals, and all kinds of filth, were cast and consumed by fire kept always burning. It thus in process of time became the image of the place of everlasting destruction. In this sense it is used by our Lord in Matt. 5:22, 29, 30; 10:28; 18:9; 23:15, 33; Mark 9:43, 45, 47; Luke 12:5. In these passages, and also in James 3:6, the word is uniformly rendered "hell," the Revised Version placing "Gehenna" in the margin. (See {HELL}; {HINNOM}.) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Gihon a stream. (1.) One of the four rivers of Eden (Gen. 2:13). It has been identified with the Nile. Others regard it as the Oxus, or the Araxes, or the Ganges. But as, according to the sacred narrative, all these rivers of Eden took their origin from the head-waters of the Euphrates and the Trigris, it is probable that the Gihon is the ancient Araxes, which, under the modern name of the Arras, discharges itself into the Caspian Sea. It was the Asiatic and not the African "Cush" which the Gihon compassed (Gen. 10:7-10). (See {EDEN}.) (2.) The only natural spring of water in or near Jerusalem is the "Fountain of the Virgin" (q.v.), which rises outside the city walls on the west bank of the Kidron valley. On the occasion of the approach of the Assyrian army under Sennacherib, Hezekiah, in order to prevent the besiegers from finding water, "stopped the upper water course of Gihon, and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David" (2 Chr. 32:30; 33:14). This "fountain" or spring is therefore to be regarded as the "upper water course of Gihon." From this "fountain" a tunnel cut through the ridge which forms the south part of the temple hill conveys the water to the Pool of Siloam, which lies on the opposite side of this ridge at the head of the Tyropoeon ("cheesemakers'") valley, or valley of the son of Hinnom, now filled up by rubbish. The length of this tunnel is about 1,750 feet. In 1880 an inscription was accidentally discovered on the wall of the tunnel about nineteen feet from where it opens into the Pool of Siloam. This inscription was executed in all probability by Hezekiah's workmen. It briefly narrates the history of the excavation. It may, however, be possible that this tunnel was executed in the time of Solomon. If the "waters of Shiloah that go softly" (Isa. 8:6) refers to the gentle stream that still flows through the tunnel into the Pool of Siloam, then this excavation must have existed before the time of Hezekiah. In the upper part of the Tyropoeoan valley there are two pools still existing, the first, called Birket el-Mamilla, to the west of the Jaffa gate; the second, to the south of the first, called Birket es-Sultan. It is the opinion of some that the former was the "upper" and the latter the "lower" Pool of Gihon (2 Kings 18:17; Isa. 7:3; 36:2; 22:9). (See {CONDUIT}; {SILOAM}.) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Gin a trap. (1.) Ps. 140:5, 141:9, Amos 3:5, the Hebrew word used, _mokesh_, means a noose or "snare," as it is elsewhere rendered (Ps. 18:5; Prov. 13:14, etc.). (2.) Job 18:9, Isa. 8:14, Heb. pah, a plate or thin layer; and hence a net, a snare, trap, especially of a fowler (Ps. 69: 22, "Let their table before them become a net;" Amos 3:5, "Doth a bird fall into a net [pah] upon the ground where there is no trap-stick [mokesh] for her? doth the net [pah] spring up from the ground and take nothing at all?", Gesenius.) | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Gihon, valley of grace | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Guni, a garden; a covering | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Ghana Ghana:Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Map references: Africa Area: total area: 238,540 sq km land area: 230,020 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total 2,093 km, Burkina 548 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km Coastline: 539 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north Terrain: mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area Natural resources: gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber Land use: arable land: 5% permanent crops: 7% meadows and pastures: 15% forest and woodland: 37% other: 36% Irrigated land: 80 sq km (1989) Environment: current issues: recent drought in north severely affecting agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water natural hazards: dry, dusty, harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Life Conservation Note: Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake; northeasterly harmattan wind (January to March) Ghana:People Population: 17,763,138 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 46% (female 4,030,154; male 4,069,945) 15-64 years: 51% (female 4,638,451; male 4,494,533) 65 years and over: 3% (female 276,186; male 253,869) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.06% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.57 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 12.02 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -0.94 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 81.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 55.85 years male: 53.88 years female: 57.88 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.09 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: black African 99.8% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%), European and other 0.2% Religions: indigenous beliefs 38%, Muslim 30%, Christian 24%, other 8% Languages: English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 60% male: 70% female: 51% Labor force: 3.7 million by occupation: agriculture and fishing 54.7%, industry 18.7%, sales and clerical 15.2%, services, transportation, and communications 7.7%, professional 3.7% Ghana:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast Digraph: GH Type: constitutional democracy Capital: Accra Administrative divisions: 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western Independence: 6 March 1957 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 March (1957) Constitution: new constitution approved 28 April 1992 Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Jerry John RAWLINGS (since 3 November 1992) election last held 3 November 1992 (next to be held November 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election, the National Democratic Congress won 198 of the total 200 seats and 2 seats were won by independents cabinet: Cabinet; president nominates members subject to approval by the Parliament Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: elections last held 29 December 1992 (next to be held December 1996); results - opposition boycotted the election; the National Democratic Congress won 198 0f 200 total seats and independents won 2 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Congress, Jerry John RAWLINGS; New Patriotic Party, Albert Adu BOAHEN; People's Heritage Party, Alex ERSKINE; various other smaller parties Member of: ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, UN, UNAMIR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNIKOM, UNPROFOR, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ekwow SPIO-GARBRAH chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Kenneth L. BROWN (scheduled to leave in June 1995) embassy: Ring Road East, East of Danquah Circle, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775348, 775349, 775297, 775298 FAX: [233] (21) 776008 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the gold band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band Economy Overview: Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana is relatively well off, having twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Heavily reliant on international assistance, Ghana has made steady progress in liberalizing its economy since 1983. Overall growth continued at a rate of approximately 5% in 1994, due largely to increased gold, timber, and cocoa production - major sources of foreign exchange. The economy, however, continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 45% of GDP and employs 55% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Public sector wage increases, regional peacekeeping commitments, and the containment of internal unrest in the underdeveloped north have placed substantial demands on the government's budget and have led to inflationary deficit financing and a 27% depreciation of the cedi in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $22.6 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,310 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 25% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 10% (1991) Budget: revenues: $1.05 billion expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $178 million (1993) Exports: $1 billion (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: cocoa 40%, gold, timber, tuna, bauxite, and aluminum partners: Germany 31%, US 12%, UK 11%, Netherlands 6%, Japan 5% (1991) Imports: $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1993 est.) commodities: petroleum 16%, consumer goods, foods, intermediate goods, capital equipment partners: UK 22%, US 11%, Germany 9%, Japan 6% External debt: $4.6 billion (December 1993 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 3.4% in manufacturing (1993); accounts for almost 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 1,180,000 kW production: 6.1 billion kWh consumption per capita: 323 kWh (1993) Industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum, food processing Agriculture: accounts for almost 50% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); the major cash crop is cocoa; other principal crops - rice, coffee, cassava, peanuts, corn, shea nuts, timber; normally self-sufficient in food Illicit drugs: illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin destined for Europe and the US Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $455 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.6 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $78 million; Communist countries (1970-89) $106 million Currency: 1 new cedi (C) = 100 pesewas Exchange rates: new cedis per US$1 - 1,046.74 (December 1994), 936.71 (1994), 649.06 (1993), 437.09 (1992), 367.83 (1991), 326.33 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year Ghana:Transportation Railroads: total: 953 km; note - undergoing major renovation narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (32 km double track) Highways: total: 32,250 km paved: concrete, bituminous 6,084 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone, improved earth 26,166 km Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano Rivers provide 168 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; Lake Volta provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: none Ports: Takoradi, Tema Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 27,427 GRT/35,894 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 Airports: total: 12 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with paved runways under 914 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 Ghana:Communications Telephone system: 42,300 telephones; poor to fair system; telephone density - 2.4/1,000 persons local: NA intercity: primarily microwave radio relay international: 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 4 (translators 8) televisions: NA Ghana:Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force, Palace Guard, Civil Defense Manpower availability: males age 15-49 3,975,767; males fit for military service 2,217,032; males reach military age (18) annually 170,723 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $108 million, 1.5% of GDP (1993) | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Guam (territory of the US) Guam:Geography Location: Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines Map references: Oceania Area: total area: 541.3 sq km land area: 541.3 sq km comparative area: slightly more than three times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 125.5 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation Terrain: volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coraline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water) with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low-rising hills in center, mountains in south Natural resources: fishing (largely undeveloped), tourism (especially from Japan) Land use: arable land: 11% permanent crops: 11% meadows and pastures: 15% forest and woodland: 18% other: 45% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: frequent squalls during rainy season; relatively rare, but potentially very destructive typhoons (especially in August) international agreements: NA Note: largest and southernmost island in the Mariana Islands archipelago; strategic location in western North Pacific Ocean Guam:People Population: 153,307 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA Population growth rate: 2.42% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 25.01 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 3.86 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 15.17 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.29 years male: 72.42 years female: 76.13 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.32 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Guamanian(s) adjective: Guamanian Ethnic divisions: Chamorro 47%, Filipino 25%, Caucasian 10%, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and other 18% Religions: Roman Catholic 98%, other 2% Languages: English, Chamorro, Japanese Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990) total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% Labor force: 46,930 (1990) by occupation: federal and territorial government 40%, private 60% (trade 18%, services 15.6%, construction 13.8%, other 12.6%) (1990) Guam:Government Names: conventional long form: Territory of Guam conventional short form: Guam Digraph: GQ Type: organized, unincorporated territory of the US with policy relations between Guam and the US under the jurisdiction of the Office of Territorial and International Affairs, US Department of the Interior Capital: Agana Administrative divisions: none (territory of the US) Independence: none (territory of the US) National holiday: Guam Discovery Day (first Monday in March) (1521); Liberation Day, 21 July Constitution: Organic Act of 1 August 1950 Legal system: modeled on US; federal laws apply Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidential elections Executive branch: chief of state: President William Jefferson CLINTON (since 20 January 1993); Vice President Albert GORE, Jr. (since 20 January 1993) head of government: Governor Carl GUTIERREZ (since 8 November 1994); Lieutenant Governor Madeleine BORDALLO (since 8 November 1994); election last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1998); results - Carl GUTIERREZ (Democrat) was elected Governor and Madeleine BORDALLO (Democrat) was elected Lieutenant Governor cabinet: executive departments; heads appointed by the governor with the consent of the Guam legislature Legislative branch: unicameral Legislature: elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1996); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (21 total) Democrats 14, Republican 7 US House of Representatives: elections last held 8 November 1994 (next to be held NA November 1996); Guam elects one delegate; results - Robert UNDERWOOD was reelected as delegate; seats - (1 total) Democrat 1 Judicial branch: Federal District Court, Territorial Superior Court Political parties and leaders: Democratic Party (controls the legislature); Republican Party (party of the Governor) Member of: ESCAP (associate), INTERPOL (subbureau), IOC, SPC Diplomatic representation in US: none (territory of the US) US diplomatic representation: none (territory of the US) Flag: territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag Economy Overview: The economy depends mainly on US military spending and on revenues from tourism. Over the past 20 years the tourist industry has grown rapidly, creating a construction boom for new hotels and the expansion of older ones. Visitors numbered about 900,000 in 1992. The slowdown in Japanese economic growth has been reflected in less vigorous growth in the tourism sector. About 60% of the labor force works for the private sector and the rest for government. Most food and industrial goods are imported, with about 75% from the US. Guam faces the problem of building up the civilian economic sector to offset the impact of military downsizing. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $2 billion (1991 est.) National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $14,000 (1991 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: 2% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $525 million expenditures: $395 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1991) Exports: $34 million (f.o.b., 1984) commodities: mostly transshipments of refined petroleum products, construction materials, fish, food and beverage products partners: US 25%, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 63%, other 12% Imports: $493 million (c.i.f., 1984) commodities: petroleum and petroleum products, food, manufactured goods partners: US 23%, Japan 19%, other 58% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA% Electricity: capacity: 300,000 kW production: 750 million kWh consumption per capita: 4,797 kWh (1993) Industries: US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles Agriculture: relatively undeveloped with most food imported; fruits, vegetables, eggs, pork, poultry, beef, copra Economic aid: although Guam receives no foreign aid, it does receive large transfer payments from the general revenues of the US Federal Treasury into which Guamanians pay no income or excise taxes; under the provisions of a special law of Congress, the Guamanian Treasury, rather than the US Treasury, receives federal income taxes paid by military and civilian Federal employees stationed in Guam Currency: 1 United States dollar (US$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: US currency is used Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September Guam:Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 674 km (all-weather roads) paved: NA unpaved: NA Ports: Apra Harbor Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 5 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 Guam:Communications Telephone system: 26,317 telephones (1989) local: NA intercity: NA international: 2 INTELSAT (Pacific Ocean) earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 3 televisions: NA Guam:Defense Forces Note: defense is the responsibility of the US | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Guinea Guinea:Geography Location: Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone Map references: Africa Area: total area: 245,860 sq km land area: 245,860 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Oregon Land boundaries: total 3,399 km, Guinea-Bissau 386 km, Cote d'Ivoire 610 km, Liberia 563 km, Mali 858 km, Senegal 330 km, Sierra Leone 652 km Coastline: 320 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds Terrain: generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior Natural resources: bauxite, iron ore, diamonds, gold, uranium, hydropower, fish Land use: arable land: 6% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 12% forest and woodland: 42% other: 40% Irrigated land: 240 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; soil contamination and erosion; overfishing natural hazards: hot, dry, dusty harmattan haze may reduce visibility during dry season international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Guinea:People Population: 6,549,336 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 44% (female 1,450,501; male 1,448,164) 15-64 years: 53% (female 1,784,420; male 1,691,502) 65 years and over: 3% (female 102,735; male 72,014) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.43% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 43.43 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 19.13 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) note: Guinea has received about 400,000 refugees from the civil wars in Liberia and Sierra Leone; the continued fighting in Sierra Leone will likely drive more refugees into Guinea in 1995; on the other hand, peace may be achieved in Liberia and permit Liberian refugees to return home Infant mortality rate: 136.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 44.6 years male: 42.31 years female: 46.95 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.79 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Guinean(s) adjective: Guinean Ethnic divisions: Peuhl 40%, Malinke 30%, Soussou 20%, smaller tribes 10% Religions: Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7% Languages: French (official); each tribe has its own language Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.) total population: 24% male: 35% female: 13% Labor force: 2.4 million (1983) by occupation: agriculture 80.0%, industry and commerce 11.0%, services 5.4%, civil servants 3.6% Guinea:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Guinea conventional short form: Guinea local long form: Republique de Guinee local short form: Guinee former: French Guinea Digraph: GV Type: republic Capital: Conakry Administrative divisions: 33 administrative regions (regions administratives, singular - region administrative); Beyla, Boffa, Boke, Conakry, Coyah, Dabola, Dalaba, Dinguiraye, Faranah, Forecariah, Fria, Gaoual, Gueckedou, Kankan, Kerouane, Kindia, Kissidougou, Koubia, Koundara, Kouroussa, Labe, Lelouma, Lola, Macenta, Mali, Mamou, Mandiana, Nzerekore, Pita, Siguiri, Telimele, Tougue, Yomou Independence: 2 October 1958 (from France) National holiday: Anniversary of the Second Republic, 3 April (1984) Constitution: 23 December 1990 (Loi Fundamentale) Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and decree; legal codes currently being revised; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state and head of government: President Lansana CONTE, elected in the first multi-party election 19 December 1993; prior to the election he had ruled as head of military government since 5 April 1984 cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral People's National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale Populaire): the People's National Assembly was dissolved after the 3 April 1984 coup; framework established in December 1991 for a new National Assembly with 114 seats; legislative elections, tentatively scheduled for 1994, were not held and are now rescheduled for 11 June 1995 Judicial branch: Court of Appeal (Cour d'Appel) Political parties and leaders: political parties were legalized on 1 April 1992 pro-government: Party for Unity and Progress (PUP) other: Rally for the Guinean People (RPG), Alpha CONDE; Union for a New Republic (UNR), Mamadou BAH; Party for Renewal and Progress (PRP), Siradiou DIALLO; Movement of Patriotic Democrats (MDP), Ahmed Tidiane CISSE Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEAO (observer), ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Elhadj Boubacar BARRY chancery: 2112 Leroy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 483-9420 FAX: [1] (202) 483-8688 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph A. SALOOM III embassy: 2nd Boulevard and 9th Avenue, Conakry mailing address: B. P. 603, Conakry telephone: [224] 44 15 20 through 44 15 23 FAX: [224] 44 15 22 Flag: three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Rwanda, which has a large black letter R centered in the yellow band Economy Overview: Although possessing major mineral and hydropower resources and considerable potential for agricultural development, Guinea remains one of the poorest countries in the world. The agricultural sector contributes about 40% to GDP and employs 80% of the work force, while industry accounts for 27% of GDP. Guinea possesses over 25% of the world's bauxite reserves. The mining sector accounted for 85% of exports in 1991. Long-run improvements in literacy, financial institutions, and the legal framework are needed if the country is to move out of poverty. Except in the bauxite industry, foreign investment remains minimal. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.3 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.8% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $980 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 16.6% (1992 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $449 million expenditures: $708 million, including capital expenditures of $361 million (1990 est.) Exports: $622 million (f.o.b., 1992 est.) commodities: bauxite, alumina, diamonds, gold, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels partners: US 23%, Belgium 12%, Ireland 12%, Spain 12% Imports: $768 million (c.i.f., 1992 est.) commodities: petroleum products, metals, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, and other grain partners: France 26%, Cote d'Ivoire 12%, Hong Kong 6%, Germany 6% External debt: 2.5 billion (1992) Industrial production: growth rate NA%; accounts for 27% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 180,000 kW production: 520 million kWh consumption per capita: 77 kWh (1993) Industries: mining - bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP (includes fishing and forestry); mostly subsistence farming; principal products - rice, coffee, pineapples, palm kernels, cassava, bananas, sweet potatoes, timber; livestock - cattle, sheep and goats; not self-sufficient in food grains Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $227 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.465 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $120 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $446 million Currency: 1 Guinean franc (FG) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Guinean francs (FG) per US$1 - 810.94 (1 July 1993), 922.9 (30 September 1992), 675 (1990), 618 (1989), 515 (1988), 440 (1987), 383 (1986) Fiscal year: calendar year Guinea:Transportation Railroads: total: 1,048 km standard gauge: 241 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 807 km 1.000-m gauge Highways: total: 30,100 km paved: 1,145 km unpaved: gravel, crushed stone 12,955 km (of which barely 4,500 are currently all-weather roads); unimproved earth 16,000 km (1987) Inland waterways: 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft native craft Ports: Boke, Conakry, Kamsar Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 15 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 1 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 7 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 Guinea:Communications Telephone system: 15,000 telephones; poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and new radio relay system local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay and radio communication stations international: 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 3, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: 200,000 Television: broadcast stations: 1 televisions: 65,000 Guinea:Defense Forces Branches: Army, Navy (acts primarily as a coast guard), Air Force, Republican Guard, Presidential Guard, paramilitary National Gendarmerie, National Police Force (Surete National) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 1,478,653; males fit for military service 745,990 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $50 million, 1.6% of GDP (1994) | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Guyana Guyana:Geography Location: Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela Map references: South America Area: total area: 214,970 sq km land area: 196,850 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Idaho Land boundaries: total 2,462 km, Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km Coastline: 459 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: all of the area west of the Essequibo River claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari Rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne) Climate: tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) Terrain: mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south Natural resources: bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish Land use: arable land: 3% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 6% forest and woodland: 83% other: 8% Irrigated land: 1,300 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation natural hazards: flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83 Guyana:People Population: 723,774 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 33% (female 118,515; male 123,048) 15-64 years: 62% (female 224,484; male 225,543) 65 years and over: 5% (female 17,540; male 14,644) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: -0.81% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 19.41 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.34 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -20.19 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 47.7 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 65.1 years male: 61.86 years female: 68.5 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.23 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Guyanese (singular and plural) adjective: Guyanese Ethnic divisions: East Indian 51%, black and mixed 43%, Amerindian 4%, European and Chinese 2% Religions: Christian 57%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 1% Languages: English, Amerindian dialects Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1990 est.) total population: 96% male: 98% female: 95% Labor force: 268,000 by occupation: industry and commerce 44.5%, agriculture 33.8%, services 21.7% note: public-sector employment amounts to 60%-80% of the total labor force (1985) Guyana:Government Names: conventional long form: Co-operative Republic of Guyana conventional short form: Guyana former: British Guiana Digraph: GY Type: republic Capital: Georgetown Administrative divisions: 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Independence: 26 May 1966 (from UK) National holiday: Republic Day, 23 February (1970) Constitution: 6 October 1980 Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Executive President Cheddi JAGAN (since 5 October 1992); election last held 5 October 1992; results - Cheddi JAGAN was elected president since he was leader of the party with the most votes in the National Assembly elections head of government: Prime Minister Sam HINDS (since 5 October 1992) cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly: elections last held on 5 October 1992 (next to be held in 1997); results - PPP 53.4%, PNC 42.3%, WPA 2%, TUF 1.2%; seats - (65 total, 53 elected) PPP 36, PNC 26, WPA 2, TUF 1 Judicial branch: Supreme Court of Judicature Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Cheddi JAGAN; People's National Congress (PNC), Hugh Desmond HOYTE; Good and Green Georgetown (GGG), Hamilton GREEN; Working People's Alliance (WPA), Eusi KWAYANA, Rupert ROOPNARINE; Democratic Labor Movement (DLM), Paul TENNASSEE; People's Democratic Movement (PDM), Llewellyn JOHN; National Democratic Front (NDF), Joseph BACCHUS; The United Force (TUF), Manzoor NADIR; United Republican Party (URP), Leslie RAMSAMMY; National Republican Party (NRP), Robert GANGADEEN; Guyana Labor Party (GLP), Nanda GOPAUL Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress (TUC); Guyana Council of Indian Organizations (GCIO); Civil Liberties Action Committee (CLAC) note: the latter two organizations are small and active but not well organized Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, ONUSAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL chancery: 2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-6900, 6901 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador George F. JONES embassy: 99-100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown mailing address: P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown telephone: [592] (2) 54900 through 54909, 57960 through 57969 FAX: [592] (2) 58497 Flag: green with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow white border between the yellow and the green Economy Overview: Guyana, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere, has pushed ahead strongly in 1992-94, with an 8% average annual economic growth rate, led by gold mining, and rice, sugar, and forestry products for export. Favorable factors include recovery in the key agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiative, a more realistic exchange rate, a sharp drop in the inflation rate, and the continued support of international organizations. Serious underlying economic problems will continue. Electric power has been in short supply and constitutes a major barrier to future gains in national output. The government will have to persist in efforts to manage its large $2.2 billion external debt, control inflation, and to extend the privatization program. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.4 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 8.5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $1,950 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15.5% (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 12% (1992 est.) Budget: revenues: $23.7 million expenditures: $19.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1994 est.) Exports: $475 million (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: sugar, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses partners: UK 33%, US 31%, Canada 9%, France 5%, Japan 3% (1992) Imports: $456 million (c.i.f., 1994 est.) commodities: manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food partners: US 37%, Trinidad and Tobago 13%, UK 11%, Italy 8%, Japan 5% (1992) External debt: $2.2 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 5.6% (1994 est.) Electricity: capacity: 110,000 kW production: 230 million kWh consumption per capita: 286 kWh (1993) Industries: bauxite mining, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining Agriculture: most important sector, accounting for 25% of GDP and about half of exports; sugar and rice are key crops; development potential exists for fishing and forestry; not self-sufficient in food, especially wheat, vegetable oils, and animal products Illicit drugs: transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to the US and Europe; producer of cannabis Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $116 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $325 million; Communist countries 1970-89, $242 million Currency: 1 Guyanese dollar (G$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Guyanese dollars (G$) per US$1 - 142.7 (January 1995), 138.3 (1994), 126.7 (1993), 125.0 (1992), 111.8 (1991), 39.533 (1990) Fiscal year: calendar year Guyana:Transportation Railroads: total: 100 km NA-m gauge industrial lines for the transport of minerals, including bauxite Highways: total: 7,665 km paved: 550 km unpaved: gravel 5,000 km; earth 2,115 km Inland waterways: 6,000 km total of navigable waterways; Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo Rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively Ports: Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika Merchant marine: total: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,317 GRT/2,558 DWT Airports: total: 54 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 with paved runways under 914 m: 34 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14 Guyana:Communications Telephone system: over 27,000 telephones; fair system for long distance calling local: NA intercity: microwave radio relay network for trunk lines international: tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station Radio: broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 1 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA Guyana:Defense Forces Branches: Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 198,665; males fit for military service 150,573 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP |