English Dictionary: date back | by the DICT Development Group |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Adeps \[d8]Ad"eps\, n. [L.] Animal fat; lard. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Autophagi \[d8]Au*toph"a*gi\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. [?] self + [?] to eat.] (Zo[94]l.) Birds which are able to run about and obtain their own food as soon as hatched. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Hautpas \[d8]Haut`pas"\, n. [F. haut high + pas step.] A raised part of the floor of a large room; a platform for a raised table or throne. See {Dais}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Uti possidetis \[d8]U`ti pos`si*de"tis\ [L., as you possess.] 1. (Internat. Law) The basis or principle of a treaty which leaves belligerents mutually in possession of what they have acquired by their arms during the war. --Brande & C. 2. (Roman Law) A species of interdict granted to one who was in possession of an immovable thing, in order that he might be declared the legal possessor. --Burrill. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Date \Date\, n.[F. datte, L. dactylus, fr. Gr. [?], prob. not the same word as da`ktylos finger, but of Semitic origin.] (Bot.) The fruit of the date palm; also, the date palm itself. Note: This fruit is somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft pulp, sweet, esculent, and wholesome, and inclosing a hard kernel. {Date palm}, [or] {Date tree} (Bot.), the genus of palms which bear dates, of which common species is {Ph[d2]nix dactylifera}. See Illust. {Date plum} (Bot.), the fruit of several species of {Diospyros}, including the American and Japanese persimmons, and the European lotus ({D. Lotus}). {Date shell}, or {Date fish} (Zo[94]l.), a bivalve shell, or its inhabitant, of the genus {Pholas}, and allied genera. See {Pholas}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Dative \Da"tive\, a. [L. dativus appropriate to giving, fr. dare to give. See 2d {Date}.] 1. (Gram.) Noting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter object, and is generally indicated in English by to or for with the objective. 2. (Law) (a) In one's gift; capable of being disposed of at will and pleasure, as an office. (b) Removable, as distinguished from perpetual; -- said of an officer. (c) Given by a magistrate, as distinguished from being cast upon a party by the law. --Burril. Bouvier. {Dative executor}, one appointed by the judge of probate, his office answering to that of an administrator. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ring \Ring\, n. [AS. hring, hrinc; akin to Fries. hring, D. & G. ring, OHG. ring, hring, Icel. hringr, DAn. & SW. ring; cf. Russ. krug'. Cf. {Harangue}, {Rank} a row,{Rink}.] A circle, or a circular line, or anything in the form of a circular line or hoop. 2. Specifically, a circular ornament of gold or other precious material worn on the finger, or attached to the ear, the nose, or some other part of the person; as, a wedding ring. Upon his thumb he had of gold a ring. --Chaucer. The dearest ring in Venice will I give you. --Shak. 3. A circular area in which races are or run or other sports are performed; an arena. Place me, O, place me in the dusty ring, Where youthful charioteers contend for glory. --E. Smith. 4. An inclosed space in which pugilists fight; hence, figuratively, prize fighting. [bd]The road was an institution, the ring was an institution.[b8] --Thackeray. 5. A circular group of persons. And hears the Muses in a ring Aye round about Jove's alter sing. --Milton. 6. (Geom.) (a) The plane figure included between the circumferences of two concentric circles. (b) The solid generated by the revolution of a circle, or other figure, about an exterior straight line (as an axis) lying in the same plane as the circle or other figure. 7. (Astron. & Navigation) An instrument, formerly used for taking the sun's altitude, consisting of a brass ring suspended by a swivel, with a hole at one side through which a solar ray entering indicated the altitude on the graduated inner surface opposite. 8. (Bot.) An elastic band partly or wholly encircling the spore cases of ferns. See Illust. of {Sporangium}. 9. A clique; an exclusive combination of persons for a selfish purpose, as to control the market, distribute offices, obtain contracts, etc. The ruling ring at Constantinople. --E. A. Freeman. {Ring armor}, armor composed of rings of metal. See {Ring mail}, below, and {Chain mail}, under {Chain}. {Ring blackbird} (Zo[94]l.), the ring ousel. {Ring canal} (Zo[94]l.), the circular water tube which surrounds the esophagus of echinoderms. {Ring dotterel}, [or] {Ringed dotterel}. (Zo[94]l.) See {Dotterel}, and Illust. of {Pressiroster}. {Ring dropper}, a sharper who pretends to have found a ring (dropped by himself), and tries to induce another to buy it as valuable, it being worthless. {Ring fence}. See under {Fence}. {Ring finger}, the third finger of the left hand, or the next the little finger, on which the ring is placed in marriage. {Ring formula} (Chem.), a graphic formula in the shape of a closed ring, as in the case of benzene, pyridine, etc. See Illust. under {Benzene}. {Ring mail}, a kind of mail made of small steel rings sewed upon a garment of leather or of cloth. {Ring micrometer}. (Astron.) See {Circular micrometer}, under {Micrometer}. {Saturn's rings}. See {Saturn}. {Ring ousel}. (Zo[94]l.) See {Ousel}. {Ring parrot} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of Old World parrakeets having a red ring around the neck, especially {Pal[91]ornis torquatus}, common in India, and {P. Alexandri} of {Java}. {Ring plover}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) The ringed dotterel. (b) Any one of several small American plovers having a dark ring around the neck, as the semipalmated plover ({[92]gialitis semipalmata}). {Ring snake} (Zo[94]l.), a small harmless American snake ({Diadophis punctatus}) having a white ring around the neck. The back is ash-colored, or sage green, the belly of an orange red. {Ring stopper}. (Naut.) See under {Stopper}. {Ring thrush} (Zo[94]l.), the ring ousel. {The prize ring}, the ring in which prize fighters contend; prize fighters, collectively. {The ring}. (a) The body of sporting men who bet on horse races. [Eng.] (b) The prize ring. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ditty-bag \Dit"ty-bag`\, n. A sailor's small bag to hold thread, needles, tape, etc.; -- also called sailor's housewife. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ditty-box \Dit"ty-box`\, n. A small box to hold a sailor's thread, needless, comb, etc. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
data abstraction Any representation of data in which the implementation details are hidden (abstracted). {Abstract data types} and {objects} are the two primary forms of data abstraction. [Other forms?]. (2003-07-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
data bus {CPU}, memory, and peripherals) used to carry {data}. Other connections are the {address bus} and control signals. The width and {clock rate} of the data bus determine its data rate (the number of {bytes} per second it can carry), which is one of the main factors determining the processing power of a computer. Most current processor designs use a 32-bit bus, meaning that 32 bits of data can be transferred at once. Some processors have an internal data bus which is wider than their external bus in order to make external connections cheaper while retaining some of the benefits in processing power of a wider bus. See also {data path}. (1995-01-16) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
data packet {packet} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database 1. data, usually associated with software to update and {query} the data. A simple database might be a single file containing many {records}, each of which contains the same set of {fields} where each field is a certain fixed width. A database is one component of a {database management system}. See also {ANSI/SPARC Architecture}, {atomic}, {blob}, {data definition language}, {deductive database}, {distributed database}, {fourth generation language}, {functional database}, {object-oriented database}, {relational database}. {Carol E. Brown's tutorial (http://www2.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/lectures/db_tutor/)}. 2. one place and all accessible via the same {server}. {Links} outside this are "external", and those inside are "internal". On the {World-Wide Web} this is called a {web site}. 3. All the facts and rules comprising a {logic programming} program. (2002-02-09) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database administrator An individual responsible for the design and management of the {database} and for the evaluation, selection and implementation of the {database management system}. In smaller organisations, the data administrator and database administrator are often one in the same; however, when they are different, the database administrator's function is more technical. The database administrator would implement the database software that meets the requirements outlined by the organisation's data administrator and {systems analyst}s. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database machine A computer or special hardware that stores and retrieves data from a {database}. It is specially designed for database access and is coupled to the main ({front-end}) computer(s) by a high-speed channel. This contrasts with a {database server}, which is a computer in a {local area network} that holds a database. The database machine is tightly coupled to the main CPU, whereas the database server is loosely coupled via the network. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database management system large structured sets of persistent data, offering ad hoc query facilities to many users. They are widely used in business applications. A database management system (DBMS) can be an extremely complex set of software programs that controls the organisation, storage and retrieval of data (fields, records and files) in a database. It also controls the security and integrity of the database. The DBMS accepts requests for data from the application program and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data. When a DBMS is used, information systems can be changed much more easily as the organisation's information requirements change. New categories of data can be added to the database without disruption to the existing system. Data security prevents unauthorised users from viewing or updating the database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets of the database, called subschemas (pronounced "sub-skeema"). For example, an employee database can contain all the data about an individual employee, but one group of users may be authorised to view only payroll data, while others are allowed access to only work history and medical data. The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the database by not allowing more than one user to update the same record at the same time. The DBMS can keep duplicate records out of the database; for example, no two customers with the same customer numbers (key fields) can be entered into the database. {Query languages} and {report writers} allow users to interactively interrogate the database and analyse its data. If the DBMS provides a way to interactively enter and update the database, as well as interrogate it, this capability allows for managing personal databases. However, it may not leave an audit trail of actions or provide the kinds of controls necessary in a multi-user organisation. These controls are only available when a set of application programs are customised for each data entry and updating function. A business information system is made up of subjects (customers, employees, vendors, etc.) and activities (orders, payments, purchases, etc.). Database design is the process of deciding how to organize this data into record types and how the record types will relate to each other. The DBMS should mirror the organisation's data structure and process transactions efficiently. Organisations may use one kind of DBMS for daily transaction processing and then move the detail onto another computer that uses another DBMS better suited for random inquiries and analysis. Overall systems design decisions are performed by data administrators and systems analysts. Detailed database design is performed by database administrators. The three most common organisations are the {hierarchical database}, {network database} and {relational database}. A database management system may provide one, two or all three methods. Inverted lists and other methods are also used. The most suitable structure depends on the application and on the transaction rate and the number of inquiries that will be made. Database machines are specially designed computers that hold the actual databases and run only the DBMS and related software. Connected to one or more mainframes via a high-speed channel, database machines are used in large volume transaction processing environments. Database machines have a large number of DBMS functions built into the hardware and also provide special techniques for accessing the disks containing the databases, such as using multiple processors concurrently for high-speed searches. The world of information is made up of data, text, pictures and voice. Many DBMSs manage text as well as data, but very few manage both with equal proficiency. Throughout the 1990s, as storage capacities continue to increase, DBMSs will begin to integrate all forms of information. Eventually, it will be common for a database to handle data, text, graphics, voice and video with the same ease as today's systems handle data. See also: {intelligent database}. (1998-10-07) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database manager The part of the database management system (DBMS) that handles the organisation, storage and retrieval of the data. A database manager may work with traditional programming languages, such as COBOL and BASIC, or may work only with its proprietary programming language. The terms database manager and database management system are used interchangeably. A database manager links two or more files together and is the foundation for developing routine business systems. Contrast with file manager, which works with only one file at a time and is typically used interactively on a personal computer for managing personal, independent files, such as name and address lists. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database normalisation design that allows for efficient access and {storage} of data in a {relational database}. These steps reduce data redundancy and the chances of data becoming inconsistent. A {table} in a {relational database} is said to be in normal form if it satisfies certain {constraints}. {Codd}'s original work defined three such forms but there are now five generally accepted steps of normalisation. The output of the first step is called First Normal Form (1NF), the output of the second step is Second Normal Form (2NF), etc. First Normal Form eliminates {repeating groups} by putting each into a separate table and connecting them with a {one-to-many relationship}. Second Normal Form eliminates {functional dependencies} on a {partial key} by putting the fields in a separate table from those that are dependent on the whole {key}. Third Normal Form eliminates functional dependencies on non-key fields by putting them in a separate table. At this stage, all non-key fields are dependent on the key, the whole key and nothing but the key. Fourth Normal Form separates independent multi-valued facts stored in one table into separate tables. Fifth Normal Form breaks out data redundancy that is not covered by any of the previous normal forms. {(http://home.earthlink.net/~billkent/Doc/simple5.htm)}. [What about non-relational databases?] (1999-05-05) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database query language (interactively) formulate requests and generate reports. The best known is {SQL}. (1998-04-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
database server A stand-alone computer in a local area network that holds and manages the database. It implies that database management functions, such as locating the actual record being requested, is performed in the server computer. Contrast with file server, which acts as a remote disk drive and requires that large parts of the database, for example, entire indexes, be transmitted to the user's computer where the real database management tasks are performed. First-generation personal computer database software was not designed for a network; thus, modified versions of the software released by the vendors employed the file server concept. Second-generation products, designed for local area networks, perform the management tasks in the server where they should be done, and consequently are turning the file server into a database server. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Data/BASIC {database} capabilities, the main programming language on the {Pick OS}. ["The Data/BASIC Language - A Data Processing Language for Non-Professional Programmers", P.C. Dressen, Proc SJCC 36, AFIPS, Spring 1970]. (2001-04-30) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
DATABUS DATApoint BUSiness Language. A language like an interpreted {assembly language}, used for custom applications on {Datapoint} computers. (1995-01-16) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
DataViews {Graphical user interface} development software from {V.I.Corporation}, aimed at constructing {platform}-independent interactive views of dynamic data. (1994-12-07) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
DataVis A {dataflow} language for scientific {visualisation}. ["Data Flow Visual Programming Languages", D. Hils, J Vis Langs and Comput, Dec 1991]. (1994-12-06) |