English Dictionary: bed down | by the DICT Development Group |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Baton \Bat"on\, n. [F. b[acir]ton. See {Baston}.] 1. A staff or truncheon, used for various purposes; as, the baton of a field marshal; the baton of a conductor in musical performances. He held the baton of command. --Prescott. 2. (Her.) An ordinary with its ends cut off, borne sinister as a mark of bastardy, and containing one fourth in breadth of the bend sinister; -- called also {bastard bar}. See {Bend sinister}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batoon \Ba*toon"\, n. See {Baton}, and {Baston}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
3. The movable swing frame of a loom, carrying the reed for separating the warp threads and beating up the weft; -- called also {lay} and {batten}. {Blanchard lathe}, a lathe for turning irregular forms after a given pattern, as lasts, gunstocks, and the like. {Drill lathe}, [or] {Speed lathe}, a small lathe which, from its high speed, is adapted for drilling; a hand lathe. {Engine lathe}, a turning lathe in which the cutting tool has an automatic feed; -- used chiefly for turning and boring metals, cutting screws, etc. {Foot lathe}, a lathe which is driven by a treadle worked by the foot. {Geometric lathe}. See under {Geometric} {Hand lathe}, a lathe operated by hand; a power turning lathe without an automatic feed for the tool. {Slide lathe}, an engine lathe. {Throw lathe}, a small lathe worked by one hand, while the cutting tool is held in the other. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Battened} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Battening}.] [See {Batful}.] 1. To make fat by plenteous feeding; to fatten. [bd]Battening our flocks.[b8] --Milton. 2. To fertilize or enrich, as land. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, v. i. To grow fat; to grow fat in ease and luxury; to glut one's self. --Dryden. The pampered monarch lay battening in ease. --Garth. Skeptics, with a taste for carrion, who batten on the hideous facts in history, -- persecutions, inquisitions. --Emerson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, n . [F. b[?]ton stick, staff. See {Baton}.] A strip of sawed stuff, or a scantling; as, (a) pl. (Com. & Arch.) Sawed timbers about 7 by 2 1/2 inches and not less than 6 feet long. --Brande & C. (b) (Naut.) A strip of wood used in fastening the edges of a tarpaulin to the deck, also around masts to prevent chafing. (c) A long, thin strip used to strengthen a part, to cover a crack, etc. {Batten door} (Arch.), a door made of boards of the whole length of the door, secured by battens nailed crosswise. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, v. t. To furnish or fasten with battens. {To batten down}, to fasten down with battens, as the tarpaulin over the hatches of a ship during a storm. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, n. [F. battant. See {Batter}, v. t.] The movable bar of a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
3. The movable swing frame of a loom, carrying the reed for separating the warp threads and beating up the weft; -- called also {lay} and {batten}. {Blanchard lathe}, a lathe for turning irregular forms after a given pattern, as lasts, gunstocks, and the like. {Drill lathe}, [or] {Speed lathe}, a small lathe which, from its high speed, is adapted for drilling; a hand lathe. {Engine lathe}, a turning lathe in which the cutting tool has an automatic feed; -- used chiefly for turning and boring metals, cutting screws, etc. {Foot lathe}, a lathe which is driven by a treadle worked by the foot. {Geometric lathe}. See under {Geometric} {Hand lathe}, a lathe operated by hand; a power turning lathe without an automatic feed for the tool. {Slide lathe}, an engine lathe. {Throw lathe}, a small lathe worked by one hand, while the cutting tool is held in the other. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Battened} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Battening}.] [See {Batful}.] 1. To make fat by plenteous feeding; to fatten. [bd]Battening our flocks.[b8] --Milton. 2. To fertilize or enrich, as land. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, v. i. To grow fat; to grow fat in ease and luxury; to glut one's self. --Dryden. The pampered monarch lay battening in ease. --Garth. Skeptics, with a taste for carrion, who batten on the hideous facts in history, -- persecutions, inquisitions. --Emerson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, n . [F. b[?]ton stick, staff. See {Baton}.] A strip of sawed stuff, or a scantling; as, (a) pl. (Com. & Arch.) Sawed timbers about 7 by 2 1/2 inches and not less than 6 feet long. --Brande & C. (b) (Naut.) A strip of wood used in fastening the edges of a tarpaulin to the deck, also around masts to prevent chafing. (c) A long, thin strip used to strengthen a part, to cover a crack, etc. {Batten door} (Arch.), a door made of boards of the whole length of the door, secured by battens nailed crosswise. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, v. t. To furnish or fasten with battens. {To batten down}, to fasten down with battens, as the tarpaulin over the hatches of a ship during a storm. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batten \Bat"ten\, n. [F. battant. See {Batter}, v. t.] The movable bar of a loom, which strikes home or closes the threads of a woof. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Batton \Bat"ton\, n. See {Batten}, and {Baton}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beat \Beat\, v. t. [imp. {Beat}; p. p. {Beat}, {Beaten}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beating}.] [OE. beaten, beten, AS. be[a0]tan; akin to Icel. bauta, OHG. b[?]zan. Cf. 1st {Butt}, {Button}.] 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to beat grain, in order to force out the seeds; to beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum. Thou shalt beat some of it [spices] very small. --Ex. xxx. 36. They did beat the gold into thin plates. --Ex. xxxix. 3. 2. To punish by blows; to thrash. 3. To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made by striking bushes, etc., for the purpose of rousing game. To beat the woods, and rouse the bounding prey. --Prior. 4. To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind. A frozen continent . . . beat with perpetual storms. --Milton. 5. To tread, as a path. Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way. --Blackmore. 6. To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass. He beat them in a bloody battle. --Prescott. For loveliness, it would be hard to beat that. --M. Arnold. 7. To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; -- often with out. [Colloq.] 8. To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble. Why should any one . . . beat his head about the Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic? --Locke. 9. (Mil.) To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; as, to beat an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat the general, the reveille, the tattoo. See {Alarm}, {Charge}, {Parley}, etc. {To beat down}, to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price; to force down. [Colloq.] {To beat into}, to teach or instill, by repetition. {To beat off}, to repel or drive back. {To beat out}, to extend by hammering. {To beat out of} a thing, to cause to relinquish it, or give it up. [bd]Nor can anything beat their posterity out of it to this day.[b8] --South. {To beat the dust}. (Man.) (a) To take in too little ground with the fore legs, as a horse. (b) To perform curvets too precipitately or too low. {To beat the hoof}, to walk; to go on foot. {To beat the wing}, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation. {To beat time}, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot. {To beat up}, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters. Syn: To strike; pound; bang; buffet; maul; drub; thump; baste; thwack; thrash; pommel; cudgel; belabor; conquer; defeat; vanquish; overcome. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beaten \Beat"en\, a. 1. Made smooth by beating or treading; worn by use. [bd]A broad and beaten way.[b8] --Milton. [bd]Beaten gold.[b8] --Shak. 2. Vanquished; conquered; baffled. 3. Exhausted; tired out. 4. Become common or trite; as, a beaten phrase. [Obs.] 5. Tried; practiced. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jaal goat \Jaal" goat`\ (Zo[94]l.) A species of wild goat ({Capra Nubiana}) found in the mountains of Abyssinia, Upper Egypt, and Arabia; -- called also {beden}, and {jaela}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bedim \Be*dim"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Bedimmed} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Bedimming}.] To make dim; to obscure or darken. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bedouin \Bed"ou*in\, n. [F. b[82]douin, OF. b[82]duin, fr. Ar. bedaw[c6] rural, living in the desert, fr. badw desert, fr. bad[be] to live in the desert, to lead a nomadic life.] One of the nomadic Arabs who live in tents, and are scattered over Arabia, Syria, and northern Africa, esp. in the deserts. -- {Bed"ou*in*ism}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bedouin \Bed"ou*in\, a. Pertaining to the Bedouins; nomad. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bedtime \Bed"time`\, n. The time to go to bed. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beduin \Bed"uin\, n. See {Bedouin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Behight \Be*hight"\, v. t. [imp. {Behight}; p. p. {Behight}, {Behoten}.] [OE. bihaten, AS. beh[be]tan to vow, promise; pref. be- + h[be]tan to call, command. See {Hight}, v.] [Obs. in all its senses.] 1. To promise; to vow. Behight by vow unto the chaste Minerve. --Surrey. 2. To give in trust; to commit; to intrust. The keys are to thy hand behight. --Spenser. 3. To adjudge; to assign by authority. The second was to Triamond behight. --Spenser. 4. To mean, or intend. More than heart behighteth. --Mir. for Mag. 5. To consider or esteem to be; to declare to be. All the lookers-on him dead behight. --Spenser. 6. To call; to name; to address. Whom . . . he knew and thus behight. --Spenser. 7. To command; to order. He behight those gates to be unbarred. --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Betaine \Be"ta*ine\, n. [From beta, generic name of the beet.] (Chem.) A nitrogenous base, {C5H11NO2}, produced artificially, and also occurring naturally in beet-root molasses and its residues, from which it is extracted as a white crystalline substance; -- called also {lycine} and {oxyneurine}. It has a sweetish taste. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beteem \Be*teem"\, v. t. [Pref. be- + an old verb teem to be fitting; cf. D. betamen to beseem, G. ziemen, Goth. gatiman, and E. tame. See {Tame}, a.] 1. To give; to bestow; to grant; to accord; to consent. [Obs.] --Spenser. Milton. 2. To allow; to permit; to suffer. [Obs.] So loving to my mother, That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Betime \Be*time"\, Betimes \Be*times"\, adv. [Pref. be- (for by) + time; that is, by the proper time. The -s is an adverbial ending.] 1. In good season or time; before it is late; seasonably; early. To measure life learn thou betimes. --Milton. To rise betimes is often harder than to do all the day's work. --Barrow. 2. In a short time; soon; speedily; forth with. He tires betimes that spurs too fast betimes. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Betony \Bet"o*ny\, n.; pl. {Betonies}. [OE. betony, betany, F. betoine, fr. L. betonica, vettonica.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus {Betonica} (Linn.). Note: The purple or wood betony ({B. officinalis}, Linn.) is common in Europe, being formerly used in medicine, and (according to Loudon) in dyeing wool a yellow color. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Between \Be*tween"\, n. Intermediate time or space; interval. [Poetic & R.] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Between \Be*tween"\, prep. [OE. bytwene, bitweonen, AS. betwe[a2]nan, betwe[a2]num; prefix be- by + a form fr. AS. tw[be] two, akin to Goth. tweihnai two apiece. See {Twain}, and cf. {Atween}, {Betwixt}.] 1. In the space which separates; betwixt; as, New York is between Boston and Philadelphia. 2. Used in expressing motion from one body or place to another; from one to another of two. If things should go so between them. --Bacon. 3. Belonging in common to two; shared by both. Castor and Pollux with only one soul between them. --Locke. 4. Belonging to, or participated in by, two, and involving reciprocal action or affecting their mutual relation; as, opposition between science and religion. An intestine struggle, open or secret, between authority and liberty. --Hume. 5. With relation to two, as involved in an act or attribute of which another is the agent or subject; as, to judge between or to choose between courses; to distinguish between you and me; to mediate between nations. 6. In intermediate relation to, in respect to time, quantity, or degree; as, between nine and ten o'clock. {Between decks}, the space, or in the space, between the decks of a vessel. {Between ourselves}, {Between you and me}, {Between themselves}, in confidence; with the understanding that the matter is not to be communicated to others. Syn: {Between}, {Among}. Usage: Between etymologically indicates only two; as, a quarrel between two men or two nations; to be between two fires, etc. It is however extended to more than two in expressing a certain relation. I . . . hope that between public business, improving studies, and domestic pleasures, neither melancholy nor caprice will find any place for entrance. --Johnson. Among implies a mass or collection of things or persons, and always supposes more than two; as, the prize money was equally divided among the ship's crew. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bid \Bid\ (b[icr]d), v. t. [imp. {Bade} (b[acr]d), {Bid}, (Obs.) {Bad}; p. p. {Bidden}, {Bid}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Bidding}.] [OE. bidden, prop to ask, beg, AS. biddan; akin to OS. biddian, Icel. bi[edh]ja, OHG. bittan, G. bitten, to pray, ask, request, and E. bead, also perh. to Gr. teiqein to persuade, L. fidere to trust, E. faith, and bide. But this word was early confused with OE. beden, beoden, AS. be[a2]dan, to offer, command; akin to Icel. bj[omac][edh]a, Goth. biudan (in comp.), OHG. biotan to command, bid, G. bieten, D. bieden, to offer, also to Gr. pynqa`nesqai to learn by inquiry, Skr. budh to be awake, to heed, present OSlav. bud[emac]ti to be awake, E. bode, v. The word now has the form of OE. bidden to ask, but the meaning of OE. beden to command, except in [bd]to bid beads.[b8] [root]30.] 1. To make an offer of; to propose. Specifically : To offer to pay ( a certain price, as for a thing put up at auction), or to take (a certain price, as for work to be done under a contract). 2. To offer in words; to declare, as a wish, a greeting, a threat, or defiance, etc.; as, to bid one welcome; to bid good morning, farewell, etc. Neither bid him God speed. --2. John 10. He bids defiance to the gaping crowd. --Granrille. 3. To proclaim; to declare publicly; to make known. [Mostly obs.] [bd]Our banns thrice bid ![b8] --Gay. 4. To order; to direct; to enjoin; to command. That Power who bids the ocean ebb and flow. --Pope Lord, if it be thou, bid me come unto thee. --Matt. xiv. 28 I was bid to pick up shells. --D. Jerrold. 5. To invite; to call in; to request to come. As many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage. --Matt. xxii. 9 {To bid beads}, to pray with beads, as the Roman Catholics; to distinguish each bead by a prayer. [Obs.] {To bid defiance to}, to defy openly; to brave. {To bid fair}, to offer a good prospect; to make fair promise; to seem likely. Syn: To offer; proffer; tender; propose; order; command; direct; charge; enjoin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bidden \Bid"den\, p. p. of {Bid}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bite \Bite\, v. t. [imp. {Bit}; p. p. {Bitten}, {Bit}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Biting}.] [OE. biten, AS. b[c6]tan; akin to D. bijten, OS. b[c6]tan, OHG. b[c6]zan, G. beissen, Goth. beitan, Icel. b[c6]ta, Sw. bita, Dan. bide, L. findere to cleave, Skr. bhid to cleave. [root]87. Cf. {Fissure}.] 1. To seize with the teeth, so that they enter or nip the thing seized; to lacerate, crush, or wound with the teeth; as, to bite an apple; to bite a crust; the dog bit a man. Such smiling rogues as these, Like rats, oft bite the holy cords atwain. --Shak. 2. To puncture, abrade, or sting with an organ (of some insects) used in taking food. 3. To cause sharp pain, or smarting, to; to hurt or injure, in a literal or a figurative sense; as, pepper bites the mouth. [bd]Frosts do bite the meads.[b8] --Shak. 4. To cheat; to trick; to take in. [Colloq.] --Pope. 5. To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to; as, the anchor bites the ground. The last screw of the rack having been turned so often that its purchase crumbled, . . . it turned and turned with nothing to bite. --Dickens. {To bite the dust}, {To bite the ground}, to fall in the agonies of death; as, he made his enemy bite the dust. {To bite in} (Etching), to corrode or eat into metallic plates by means of an acid. {To bite the thumb at} (any one), formerly a mark of contempt, designed to provoke a quarrel; to defy. [bd]Do you bite your thumb at us?[b8] --Shak. {To bite the tongue}, to keep silence. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bitten \Bit"ten\, p. p. of {Bite}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bitten \Bit"ten\, a. (Bot.) Terminating abruptly, as if bitten off; premorse. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bitume \Bi*tume"\, n. [F. See {Bitumen}.] Bitumen. [Poetic] --May. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Boation \Bo*a"tion\, n. [L. boatus, fr. boare to roar.] A crying out; a roaring; a bellowing; reverberation. [Obs.] The guns were heard . . . about a hundred Italian miles, in long boations. --Derham. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bodian \Bo"di*an\, n. (Zo[94]l.) A large food fish ({Diagramma lineatum}), native of the East Indies. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
10. (Mus.) (a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. --Moore (Encyc. of Music). {Natural day}, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer. {Natural fats}, {Natural gas}, etc. See under {Fat}, {Gas}. etc. {Natural Harmony} (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. {Natural history}, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of {botany}, {zo[94]logy}, {geology}, {mineralogy}, {paleontology}, {chemistry}, and {physics}. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zo[94]logy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. {Natural law}, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. {Natural modulation} (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. {Natural order}. (Nat. Hist.) See under {order}. {Natural person}. (Law) See under {person}, n. {Natural philosophy}, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called {physics}, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. {Natural scale} (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale {Natural science}, natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. {Natural selection} (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See {Darwinism}. {Natural system} (Bot. & Zo[94]l.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology. It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand divisions. --Gray. {Natural theology}, [or] {Natural religion}, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under {Natural}, a., 3. {Natural vowel}, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See {Neutral vowel}, under {Neutral} and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17. Syn: See {Native}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Botany \Bot"a*ny\, n.; pl. {Botanies}. [F. botanique, a. & n., fr. Gr. [?] botanic, fr. [?] herb, plant, fr. [?] to feed, graze.] 1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See {Plant}. 2. A book which treats of the science of botany. Note: Botany is divided into various departments; as, {Structural Botany}, which investigates the structure and organic composition of plants; {Physiological Botany}, the study of their functions and life; and {Systematic Botany}, which has to do with their classification, description, nomenclature, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
10. (Mus.) (a) Produced by natural organs, as those of the human throat, in distinction from instrumental music. (b) Of or pertaining to a key which has neither a flat nor a sharp for its signature, as the key of C major. (c) Applied to an air or modulation of harmony which moves by easy and smooth transitions, digressing but little from the original key. --Moore (Encyc. of Music). {Natural day}, the space of twenty-four hours. --Chaucer. {Natural fats}, {Natural gas}, etc. See under {Fat}, {Gas}. etc. {Natural Harmony} (Mus.), the harmony of the triad or common chord. {Natural history}, in its broadest sense, a history or description of nature as a whole, incuding the sciences of {botany}, {zo[94]logy}, {geology}, {mineralogy}, {paleontology}, {chemistry}, and {physics}. In recent usage the term is often restricted to the sciences of botany and zo[94]logy collectively, and sometimes to the science of zoology alone. {Natural law}, that instinctive sense of justice and of right and wrong, which is native in mankind, as distinguished from specifically revealed divine law, and formulated human law. {Natural modulation} (Mus.), transition from one key to its relative keys. {Natural order}. (Nat. Hist.) See under {order}. {Natural person}. (Law) See under {person}, n. {Natural philosophy}, originally, the study of nature in general; in modern usage, that branch of physical science, commonly called {physics}, which treats of the phenomena and laws of matter and considers those effects only which are unaccompanied by any change of a chemical nature; -- contrasted with mental and moral philosophy. {Natural scale} (Mus.), a scale which is written without flats or sharps. Model would be a preferable term, as less likely to mislead, the so-called artificial scales (scales represented by the use of flats and sharps) being equally natural with the so-called natural scale {Natural science}, natural history, in its broadest sense; -- used especially in contradistinction to mental or moral science. {Natural selection} (Biol.), a supposed operation of natural laws analogous, in its operation and results, to designed selection in breeding plants and animals, and resulting in the survival of the fittest. The theory of natural selection supposes that this has been brought about mainly by gradual changes of environment which have led to corresponding changes of structure, and that those forms which have become so modified as to be best adapted to the changed environment have tended to survive and leave similarly adapted descendants, while those less perfectly adapted have tended to die out though lack of fitness for the environment, thus resulting in the survival of the fittest. See {Darwinism}. {Natural system} (Bot. & Zo[94]l.), a classification based upon real affinities, as shown in the structure of all parts of the organisms, and by their embryology. It should be borne in mind that the natural system of botany is natural only in the constitution of its genera, tribes, orders, etc., and in its grand divisions. --Gray. {Natural theology}, [or] {Natural religion}, that part of theological science which treats of those evidences of the existence and attributes of the Supreme Being which are exhibited in nature; -- distinguished from revealed religion. See Quotation under {Natural}, a., 3. {Natural vowel}, the vowel sound heard in urn, furl, sir, her, etc.; -- so called as being uttered in the easiest open position of the mouth organs. See {Neutral vowel}, under {Neutral} and Guide to Pronunciation, [sect] 17. Syn: See {Native}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Botany \Bot"a*ny\, n.; pl. {Botanies}. [F. botanique, a. & n., fr. Gr. [?] botanic, fr. [?] herb, plant, fr. [?] to feed, graze.] 1. The science which treats of the structure of plants, the functions of their parts, their places of growth, their classification, and the terms which are employed in their description and denomination. See {Plant}. 2. A book which treats of the science of botany. Note: Botany is divided into various departments; as, {Structural Botany}, which investigates the structure and organic composition of plants; {Physiological Botany}, the study of their functions and life; and {Systematic Botany}, which has to do with their classification, description, nomenclature, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottine \Bot*tine"\, n. [F. See {Boot} (for the foot.).] 1. A small boot; a lady's boot. 2. An appliance resembling a small boot furnished with straps, buckles, etc., used to correct or prevent distortions in the lower extremities of children. --Dunglison. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottom \Bot"tom\ (b[ocr]t"t[ucr]m), n. [OE. botum, botme, AS. botm; akin to OS. bodom, D. bodem, OHG. podam, G. boden, Icel. botn, Sw. botten, Dan. bund (for budn), L. fundus (for fudnus), Gr. pyqmh`n (for fyqmh`n), Skr. budhna (for bhudhna), and Ir. bonn sole of the foot, W. bon stem, base. [fb]257. Cf. 4th {Found}, {Fund}, n.] 1. The lowest part of anything; the foot; as, the bottom of a tree or well; the bottom of a hill, a lane, or a page. Or dive into the bottom of the deep. --Shak. 2. The part of anything which is beneath the contents and supports them, as the part of a chair on which a person sits, the circular base or lower head of a cask or tub, or the plank floor of a ship's hold; the under surface. Barrels with the bottom knocked out. --Macaulay. No two chairs were alike; such high backs and low backs and leather bottoms and worsted bottoms. --W. Irving. 3. That upon which anything rests or is founded, in a literal or a figurative sense; foundation; groundwork. 4. The bed of a body of water, as of a river, lake, sea. 5. The fundament; the buttocks. 6. An abyss. [Obs.] --Dryden. 7. Low land formed by alluvial deposits along a river; low-lying ground; a dale; a valley. [bd]The bottoms and the high grounds.[b8] --Stoddard. 8. (Naut.) The part of a ship which is ordinarily under water; hence, the vessel itself; a ship. My ventures are not in one bottom trusted. --Shak. Not to sell the teas, but to return them to London in the same bottoms in which they were shipped. --Bancroft. {Full bottom}, a hull of such shape as permits carrying a large amount of merchandise. 9. Power of endurance; as, a horse of a good bottom. 10. Dregs or grounds; lees; sediment. --Johnson. {At bottom}, {At the bottom}, at the foundation or basis; in reality. [bd]He was at the bottom a good man.[b8] --J. F. Cooper. {To be at the bottom of}, to be the cause or originator of; to be the source of. [Usually in an opprobrious sense.] --J. H. Newman. He was at the bottom of many excellent counsels. --Addison. {To go to the bottom}, to sink; esp. to be wrecked. {To touch bottom}, to reach the lowest point; to find something on which to rest. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottom \Bot"tom\, v. i. 1. To rest, as upon an ultimate support; to be based or grounded; -- usually with on or upon. Find on what foundation any proposition bottoms. --Locke. 2. To reach or impinge against the bottom, so as to impede free action, as when the point of a cog strikes the bottom of a space between two other cogs, or a piston the end of a cylinder. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottom \Bot"tom\, n. [OE. botme, perh. corrupt. for button. See {Button}.] A ball or skein of thread; a cocoon. [Obs.] Silkworms finish their bottoms in . . . fifteen days. --Mortimer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottom \Bot"tom\, v. t. To wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. [Obs.] As you unwind her love from him, Lest it should ravel and be good to none, You must provide to bottom it on me. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottom \Bot"tom\, a. Of or pertaining to the bottom; fundamental; lowest; under; as, bottom rock; the bottom board of a wagon box; bottom prices. {Bottom glade}, a low glade or open place; a valley; a dale. --Milton. {Bottom grass}, grass growing on bottom lands. {Bottom land}. See 1st {Bottom}, n., 7. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottom \Bot"tom\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Bottomed} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Bottoming}.] 1. To found or build upon; to fix upon as a support; -- followed by on or upon. Action is supposed to be bottomed upon principle. --Atterbury. Those false and deceiving grounds upon which many bottom their eternal state]. --South. 2. To furnish with a bottom; as, to bottom a chair. 3. To reach or get to the bottom of. --Smiles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottony \Bot"ton*y\, Botton82 \Bot"to*n[82]\, a. [F. boutonn[82], fr. boutonner to bud, button.] (Her.) Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. {Cross bottony} (Her.), a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bottony \Bot"ton*y\, Botton82 \Bot"to*n[82]\, a. [F. boutonn[82], fr. boutonner to bud, button.] (Her.) Having a bud or button, or a kind of trefoil, at the end; furnished with knobs or buttons. {Cross bottony} (Her.), a cross having each arm terminating in three rounded lobes, forming a sort of trefoil. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Butane \Bu"tane\, n. [L. butyrum butter. See {Butter}.] (Chem.) An inflammable gaseous hydrocarbon, C4H10, of the marsh gas, or paraffin, series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aleppo boil \A*lep"po boil\, button \button\, [or] evil \evil\ . (Med.) A chronic skin affection terminating in an ulcer, most commonly of the face. It is endemic along the Mediterranean, and is probably due to a specific bacillus. Called also {Aleppo ulcer}, {Biskara boil}, {Delhi boil}, {Oriental sore}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Button \But"ton\, n. [OE. boton, botoun, F. bouton button, bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. bouter to push. See {Butt} an end.] 1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass. 2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; -- used also for ornament. 3. A bud; a germ of a plant. --Shak. 4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door. 5. A globule of metal remaining on an assay cupel or in a crucible, after fusion. {Button hook}, a hook for catching a button and drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves. {Button shell} (Zo[94]l.), a small, univalve marine shell of the genus {Rotella}. {Button snakeroot}. (Bot.) (a) The American composite genus {Liatris}, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. (b) An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense heads. {Button tree} (Bot.), a genus of trees ({Conocarpus}), furnishing durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies. {To hold by the button}, to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; to buttonhole. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Button \But"ton\, v. i. To be fastened by a button or buttons; as, the coat will not button. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Button \But"ton\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Buttoned}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Buttoning}.] [OE. botonen, OF. botoner, F. boutonner. See {Button}, n.] 1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; -- often followed by up. He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a tight green coat. --Dickens. 2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aleppo boil \A*lep"po boil\, button \button\, [or] evil \evil\ . (Med.) A chronic skin affection terminating in an ulcer, most commonly of the face. It is endemic along the Mediterranean, and is probably due to a specific bacillus. Called also {Aleppo ulcer}, {Biskara boil}, {Delhi boil}, {Oriental sore}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Button \But"ton\, n. [OE. boton, botoun, F. bouton button, bud, prop. something pushing out, fr. bouter to push. See {Butt} an end.] 1. A knob; a small ball; a small, roundish mass. 2. A catch, of various forms and materials, used to fasten together the different parts of dress, by being attached to one part, and passing through a slit, called a buttonhole, in the other; -- used also for ornament. 3. A bud; a germ of a plant. --Shak. 4. A piece of wood or metal, usually flat and elongated, turning on a nail or screw, to fasten something, as a door. 5. A globule of metal remaining on an assay cupel or in a crucible, after fusion. {Button hook}, a hook for catching a button and drawing it through a buttonhole, as in buttoning boots and gloves. {Button shell} (Zo[94]l.), a small, univalve marine shell of the genus {Rotella}. {Button snakeroot}. (Bot.) (a) The American composite genus {Liatris}, having rounded buttonlike heads of flowers. (b) An American umbelliferous plant with rigid, narrow leaves, and flowers in dense heads. {Button tree} (Bot.), a genus of trees ({Conocarpus}), furnishing durable timber, mostly natives of the West Indies. {To hold by the button}, to detain in conversation to weariness; to bore; to buttonhole. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Button \But"ton\, v. i. To be fastened by a button or buttons; as, the coat will not button. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Button \But"ton\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Buttoned}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Buttoning}.] [OE. botonen, OF. botoner, F. boutonner. See {Button}, n.] 1. To fasten with a button or buttons; to inclose or make secure with buttons; -- often followed by up. He was a tall, fat, long-bodied man, buttoned up to the throat in a tight green coat. --Dickens. 2. To dress or clothe. [Obs.] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Buttony \But"ton*y\, a. Ornamented with a large number of buttons. [bd]The buttony boy.[b8] --Thackeray. [bd]My coat so blue and buttony.[b8] --W. S. Gilbert. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Then \Then\ ([th][ecr]n), adv. [Originally the same word as than. See {Than}.] 1. At that time (referring to a time specified, either past or future). And the Canaanite was then in the land. --Gen. xii. 6. Now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. --1 Cor. xiii. 12. 2. Soon afterward, or immediately; next; afterward. First be reconciled to thy brother, and then come and offer thy gift. --Matt. v. 24. 3. At another time; later; again. One while the master is not aware of what is done, and then in other cases it may fall out to be own act. --L'Estrange. {By then}. (a) By that time. (b) By the time that. [Obs.] But that opinion, I trust, by then this following argument hath been well read, will be left for one of the mysteries of an indulgent Antichrist. --Milton. {Now and then}. See under {Now}, adv. {Till then}, until that time; until the time mentioned. --Milton. Note: Then is often used elliptically, like an adjective, for then existing; as, the then administration. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Baden, PA (borough, FIPS 3736) Location: 40.63855 N, 80.22190 W Population (1990): 5074 (2181 housing units) Area: 5.9 sq km (land), 0.5 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 15005 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Badin, NC (CDP, FIPS 2960) Location: 35.40709 N, 80.11127 W Population (1990): 1481 (678 housing units) Area: 9.5 sq km (land), 1.3 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Baytown, TX (city, FIPS 6128) Location: 29.74848 N, 94.96896 W Population (1990): 63850 (25020 housing units) Area: 81.1 sq km (land), 1.3 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 77520, 77521 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bethanna, KY Zip code(s): 41465 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bethany, CT Zip code(s): 06524 Bethany, IL (village, FIPS 5612) Location: 39.64417 N, 88.74094 W Population (1990): 1369 (549 housing units) Area: 2.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 61914 Bethany, IN (town, FIPS 4978) Location: 39.53375 N, 86.37885 W Population (1990): 90 (34 housing units) Area: 0.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Bethany, LA Zip code(s): 71007 Bethany, MO (city, FIPS 5068) Location: 40.26776 N, 94.02826 W Population (1990): 3005 (1447 housing units) Area: 11.5 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 64424 Bethany, OK (city, FIPS 5700) Location: 35.50600 N, 97.64337 W Population (1990): 20075 (8865 housing units) Area: 13.5 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 73008 Bethany, PA (borough, FIPS 5976) Location: 41.61423 N, 75.28892 W Population (1990): 238 (117 housing units) Area: 1.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Bethany, WV (town, FIPS 6844) Location: 40.20546 N, 80.56364 W Population (1990): 1139 (179 housing units) Area: 1.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 26032 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bethune, CO (town, FIPS 6530) Location: 39.30348 N, 102.42288 W Population (1990): 173 (64 housing units) Area: 0.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 80805 Bethune, SC (town, FIPS 6040) Location: 34.41395 N, 80.34907 W Population (1990): 405 (193 housing units) Area: 2.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 29009 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Between, GA (town, FIPS 7640) Location: 33.81305 N, 83.80891 W Population (1990): 82 (36 housing units) Area: 2.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Boothwyn, PA (CDP, FIPS 7616) Location: 39.83555 N, 75.44523 W Population (1990): 5069 (2099 housing units) Area: 3.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 19061 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bottineau, ND (city, FIPS 8460) Location: 48.82545 N, 100.44329 W Population (1990): 2598 (1164 housing units) Area: 2.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 58318 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bouton, IA (city, FIPS 7660) Location: 41.85171 N, 94.01076 W Population (1990): 149 (62 housing units) Area: 0.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 50039 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bowdon, GA (city, FIPS 9544) Location: 33.53740 N, 85.25417 W Population (1990): 1981 (863 housing units) Area: 8.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 30108 Bowdon, ND (city, FIPS 8580) Location: 47.46893 N, 99.70808 W Population (1990): 196 (121 housing units) Area: 0.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 58418 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Boyden, IA (city, FIPS 7840) Location: 43.19023 N, 96.00202 W Population (1990): 651 (270 housing units) Area: 0.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 51234 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Boydton, VA (town, FIPS 9016) Location: 36.66597 N, 78.38978 W Population (1990): 453 (157 housing units) Area: 2.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 23917 | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
bottom Often used to represent a non-terminating computation. (In {LaTeX}, bottom is written as {\perp}, sometimes with the domain as a subscript). (1997-01-07) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
button 1. 2. electrical {push-button} appearing as part of a {graphical user interface}. Moving the {mouse pointer} over the graphical button and pressing one of the physical mouse buttons starts some software action such as closing a window or deleting a file. See also {radio button}. (1997-07-07) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Bedan one of the judges of Israel (1 Sam. 12:11). It is uncertain who he was. Some suppose that Barak is meant, others Samson, but most probably this is a contracted form of Abdon (Judg. 12:13). | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Bethany house of dates. (1.) The Revised Version in John 1:28 has this word instead of Bethabara, on the authority of the oldest manuscripts. It appears to have been the name of a place on the east of Jordan. (2.) A village on the south-eastern slope of the Mount of Olives (Mark 11:1), about 2 miles east of Jerusalem, on the road to Jericho. It derived its name from the number of palm-trees which grew there. It was the residence of Lazarus and his sisters. It is frequently mentioned in connection with memorable incidents in the life of our Lord (Matt. 21:17; 26:6; Mark 11:11, 12; 14:3; Luke 24:50; John 11:1; 12:1). It is now known by the name of el-Azariyeh, i.e., "place of Lazarus," or simply Lazariyeh. Seen from a distance, the village has been described as "remarkably beautiful, the perfection of retirement and repose, of seclusion and lovely peace." Now a mean village, containing about twenty families. | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Bithynia a province in Asia Minor, to the south of the Euxine and Propontis. Christian congregations were here formed at an early time (1 Pet. 1:1). Paul was prevented by the Spirit from entering this province (Acts 16:7). It is noted in church history as the province ruled over by Pliny as Roman proconsul, who was perplexed as to the course he should take with the numerous Christians brought before his tribunal on account of their profession of Christianity and their conduct, and wrote to Trajan, the emperor, for instructions (A.D. 107). | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Bedan, according to judgment | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Beten, belly | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Bethany, the house of song; the house of affliction | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Bithynia, violent precipitation | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Bhutan Bhutan:Geography Location: Southern Asia, between China and India Map references: Asia Area: total area: 47,000 sq km land area: 47,000 sq km comparative area: slightly more than half the size of Indiana Land boundaries: total 1,075 km, China 470 km, India 605 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: none Climate: varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas Terrain: mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna Natural resources: timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbide Land use: arable land: 2% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 5% forest and woodland: 70% other: 23% Irrigated land: 340 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: soil erosion; limited access to potable water natural hazards: violent storms coming down from the Himalayas are the source of the country's name which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season international agreements: party to - Nuclear Test Ban; signed, but not ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea Note: landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes Bhutan:People Population: 1,780,638 (July 1995 est.) note: other estimates range as low as 600,000 Age structure: 0-14 years: 40% (female 342,276; male 368,916) 15-64 years: 56% (female 486,258; male 513,560) 65 years and over: 4% (female 34,215; male 35,413) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 2.34% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 39.02 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 15.61 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 118.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 51.03 years male: 51.56 years female: 50.48 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 5.39 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural) adjective: Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: Bhote 50%, ethnic Nepalese 35%, indigenous or migrant tribes 15% Religions: Lamaistic Buddhism 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25% Languages: Dzongkha (official), Bhotes speak various Tibetan dialects; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: NA% Labor force: NA by occupation: agriculture 93%, services 5%, industry and commerce 2% note: massive lack of skilled labor Bhutan:Government Names: conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan conventional short form: Bhutan Digraph: BT Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Administrative divisions: 18 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Chirang, Daga, Geylegphug, Ha, Lhuntshi, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatsel, Punakha, Samchi, Samdrup Jongkhar, Shemgang, Tashigang, Thimphu, Tongsa, Wangdi Phodrang Independence: 8 August 1949 (from India) National holiday: National Day, 17 December (1907) (Ugyen Wangchuck became first hereditary king) Constitution: no written constitution or bill of rights Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: each family has one vote in village-level elections Executive branch: Chief of State and Head of Government: King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK (since 24 July 1972) Royal Advisory Council (Lodoi Tsokde): nominated by the king cabinet: Council of Ministers (Lhengye Shungtsog); appointed by the king Legislative branch: unicameral National Assembly (Tshogdu); no national elections Judicial branch: High Court Political parties and leaders: no legal parties Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy; Indian merchant community; ethnic Nepalese organizations leading militant antigovernment campaign Member of: AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IMF, INTELSAT, IOC, ITU, NAM, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO Diplomatic representation in US: Bhutan has no embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by Ugyen TSERING, located at 2 United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor, New York, NY 10017, telephone [1] (212) 826-1919; note - the Bhutanese mission to the UN has consular jurisdiction in the US consulate(s) general: New York honorary consulate(s): San Francisco; Washington, DC US diplomatic representation: no formal diplomatic relations, although informal contact is maintained between the Bhutanese and US Embassy in New Delhi (India) Flag: divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is orange and the lower triangle is red; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side Economy Overview: The economy, one of the world's least developed, is based on agriculture and forestry, which provide the main livelihood for 90% of the population and account for about half of GDP. Agriculture consists largely of subsistence farming and animal husbandry. Rugged mountains dominate the terrain and make the building of roads and other infrastructure difficult and expensive. The economy is closely aligned with India's through strong trade and monetary links. The industrial sector is small and technologically backward, with most production of the cottage industry type. Most development projects, such as road construction, rely on Indian migrant labor. Bhutan's hydropower potential and its attraction for tourists are key resources; however, the government limits the number of tourists to 4,000 per year to minimize foreign influence. Much of the impetus for growth has come from large public-sector companies. Nevertheless, in recent years, Bhutan has shifted toward decentralized development planning and greater private initiative. The government privatized several large public-sector firms, is revamping its trade regime and liberalizing administerial procedures over industrial licensing. The government's industrial contribution to GDP decreased from 13% in 1988 to about 11% in 1993. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $1.2 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 5% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $700 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 10% (October 1994) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $52 million expenditures: $150 million, including capital expenditures of $95 million (FY93/94 est.) note: the government of India finances nearly three-fifths of Bhutan's budget expenditures Exports: $66.8 million (f.o.b., FY93/94) commodities: cardamon, gypsum, timber, handicrafts, cement, fruit, electricity (to India), precious stones, spices partners: India 87%, Bangladesh Imports: $97.6 million (c.i.f., FY93/94 est.) commodities: fuel and lubricants, grain, machinery and parts, vehicles, fabrics, rice partners: India 79%, Japan, UK, Germany, US External debt: $141 million (October 1994) Industrial production: growth rate 7.6% (1992 est.); accounts for 18% of GDP; primarily cottage industry and home based handicrafts Electricity: capacity: 360,000 kW production: 1.7 billion kWh consumption per capita: 143 kWh (1993) note: Bhutan exports electricity to India Industries: cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide Agriculture: rice, corn, root crops, citrus fruit, dairy products, foodgrains, eggs Economic aid: recipient: Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $115 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $11 million Currency: 1 ngultrum (Nu) = 100 chetrum; note - Indian currency is also legal tender Exchange rates: ngultrum (Nu) per US$1 - 31.374 (January 1995), 31.374 (1994), 30.493 (1993), 25.918 (1992), 22.742 (1991), 17.504 (1990); note - the Bhutanese ngultrum is at par with the Indian rupee Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June Bhutan:Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 2,165 km paved: NA unpaved: gravel 1,703 km undifferentiated: 462 km Ports: none Airports: total: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1 Bhutan:Communications Telephone system: NA telephones; domestic telephone service is very poor with very few telephones in use local: NA intercity: NA international: international telephone and telegraph service is by land line through India; an earth station was planned (1990) Radio: broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1990) radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 (1990) televisions: NA Bhutan:Defense Forces Branches: Royal Bhutan Army, Palace Guard, Militia, Royal Bhutan Police Manpower availability: males age 15-49 434,586; males fit for military service 232,121; males reach military age (18) annually 17,365 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP |