English Dictionary: bacon and eggs | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Backgammon \Back"gam`mon\, n. [Origin unknown; perhaps fr. Dan. bakke tray + E. game; or very likely the first part is from E. back, adv., and the game is so called because the men are often set back.] A game of chance and skill, played by two persons on a [bd]board[b8] marked off into twenty-four spaces called [bd]points[b8]. Each player has fifteen pieces, or [bd]men[b8], the movements of which from point to point are determined by throwing dice. Formerly called tables. {Backgammon board}, a board for playing backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays hinged together, each tray containing two [bd]tables[b8]. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Backgammon \Back"gam`mon\, v. i. In the game of backgammon, to beat by ending the game before the loser is clear of his first [bd]table[b8]. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Backgammon \Back"gam`mon\, n. [Origin unknown; perhaps fr. Dan. bakke tray + E. game; or very likely the first part is from E. back, adv., and the game is so called because the men are often set back.] A game of chance and skill, played by two persons on a [bd]board[b8] marked off into twenty-four spaces called [bd]points[b8]. Each player has fifteen pieces, or [bd]men[b8], the movements of which from point to point are determined by throwing dice. Formerly called tables. {Backgammon board}, a board for playing backgammon, often made in the form of two rectangular trays hinged together, each tray containing two [bd]tables[b8]. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Baconian \Ba*co"ni*an\, n. 1. One who adheres to the philosophy of Lord Bacon. 2. One who maintains that Lord Bacon is the author of the works commonly attributed to Shakespeare. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Baconian \Ba*co"ni*an\, a. Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon, or to his system of philosophy. {Baconian method}, the inductive method. See {Induction}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Baconian \Ba*co"ni*an\, a. Of or pertaining to Lord Bacon, or to his system of philosophy. {Baconian method}, the inductive method. See {Induction}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bagman \Bag"man\, n.; pl. {Bagmen}. A commercial traveler; one employed to solicit orders for manufacturers and tradesmen. --Thackeray. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bagman \Bag"man\, n.; pl. {Bagmen}. A commercial traveler; one employed to solicit orders for manufacturers and tradesmen. --Thackeray. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Baisemains \Baise"mains`\, n. pl. [F., fr. baiser to kiss + mains hands.] Respects; compliments. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Black snake \Black" snake`\ (sn[amac]k) [or] Blacksnake \Black"snake\, n. (Zo[94]l.) A snake of a black color, of which two species are common in the United States, the {Bascanium constrictor}, or racer, sometimes six feet long, and the {Scotophis Alleghaniensis}, seven or eight feet long. Note: The name is also applied to various other black serpents, as {Natrix atra} of Jamaica. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Basement \Base"ment\, n. [F. soubassement. Of uncertain origin. Cf. {Base}, a., {Bastion}.] (Arch.) The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See {Base}, n., 3 (a) .) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively. {Basement membrane} (Anat.), a delicate membrane composed of a single layer of flat cells, forming the substratum upon which, in many organs, the epithelioid cells are disposed. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Basement \Base"ment\, n. [F. soubassement. Of uncertain origin. Cf. {Base}, a., {Bastion}.] (Arch.) The outer wall of the ground story of a building, or of a part of that story, when treated as a distinct substructure. ( See {Base}, n., 3 (a) .) Hence: The rooms of a ground floor, collectively. {Basement membrane} (Anat.), a delicate membrane composed of a single layer of flat cells, forming the substratum upon which, in many organs, the epithelioid cells are disposed. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beacon \Bea"con\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Beaconed} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Beaconing}.] 1. To give light to, as a beacon; to light up; to illumine. That beacons the darkness of heaven. --Campbell. 2. To furnish with a beacon or beacons. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beckon \Beck"on\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Beckoned} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Beckoning}.] To make a significant sign to; hence, to summon, as by a motion of the hand. His distant friends, he beckons near. --Dryden. It beckons you to go away with it. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Become \Be*come"\, v. i. [imp. {Became}; p. p. {Become}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Becoming}.] [OE. bicumen, becumen, AS. becuman to come to, to happen; akin to D. bekomen, OHG.a piqu[89]man, Goth. biquiman to come upon, G. bekommen to get, suit. See {Be-}, and {Come}.] 1. To pass from one state to another; to enter into some state or condition, by a change from another state, or by assuming or receiving new properties or qualities, additional matter, or a new character. The Lord God . . . breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. --Gen. ii. 7. That error now which is become my crime. --Milton. 2. To come; to get. [Obs.] But, madam, where is Warwick then become! --Shak. {To become of}, to be the present state or place of; to be the fate of; to be the end of; to be the final or subsequent condition of. What is then become of so huge a multitude? --Sir W. Raleigh. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Becoming \Be*com"ing\, a. Appropriate or fit; congruous; suitable; graceful; befitting. A low and becoming tone. --Thackeray. Note: Formerly sometimes followed by of. Such discourses as are becoming of them. --Dryden. Syn: Seemly; comely; decorous; decent; proper. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Becoming \Be*com"ing\, n. That which is becoming or appropriate. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Becomingly \Be*com"ing*ly\, adv. In a becoming manner. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Becomingness \Be*com"ing*ness\, n. The quality of being becoming, appropriate, or fit; congruity; fitness. The becomingness of human nature. --Grew. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Begem \Be*gem"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Begemmed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Begemming}.] To adorn with gems, or as with gems. Begemmed with dewdrops. --Sir W. Scott. Those lonely realms bright garden isles begem. --Shelley. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Begin \Be*gin"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Began}, {Begun}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beginning}.] [AS. beginnan (akin to OS. biginnan, D. & G. beginnen, OHG. biginnan, Goth., du-ginnan, Sw. begynna, Dan. begynde); pref. be- + an assumed ginnan. [root]31. See {Gin} to begin.] 1. To have or commence an independent or first existence; to take rise; to commence. Vast chain of being! which from God began. --Pope. 2. To do the first act or the first part of an action; to enter upon or commence something new, as a new form or state of being, or course of action; to take the first step; to start. [bd]Tears began to flow.[b8] --Dryden. When I begin, I will also make an end. --1 Sam. iii. 12. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beginning \Be*gin"ning\, n. 1. The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states. In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth. --Gen. i. 1. 2. That which begins or originates something; the first cause; origin; source. I am . . . the beginning and the ending. --Rev. i. 8. 3. That which is begun; a rudiment or element. Mighty things from small beginnings grow. --Dryden. 4. Enterprise. [bd]To hinder our beginnings.[b8] --Shak. Syn: Inception; prelude; opening; threshold; origin; outset; foundation. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Begnaw \Be*gnaw"\, v. t. [p. p. {Begnawed}, (R.) {Begnawn}.] [AS. begnagan; pref. be- + gnagan to gnaw.] To gnaw; to eat away; to corrode. The worm of conscience still begnaw thy soul. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beseem \Be*seem"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Beseemed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beseeming}.] [Pref. be- + seem.] Literally: To appear or seem (well, ill, best, etc.) for (one) to do or to have. Hence: To be fit, suitable, or proper for, or worthy of; to become; to befit. A duty well beseeming the preachers. --Clarendon. What form of speech or behavior beseemeth us, in our prayers to God ? --Hocker. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beseeming \Be*seem"ing\, n. 1. Appearance; look; garb. [Obs.] I . . . did company these three in poor beseeming. --Shak. 2. Comeliness. --Baret. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beseeming \Be*seem"ing\, a. Becoming; suitable. [Archaic] -- {Be*seem"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Be*seem"ing*ness}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beseeming \Be*seem"ing\, a. Becoming; suitable. [Archaic] -- {Be*seem"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Be*seem"ing*ness}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beseeming \Be*seem"ing\, a. Becoming; suitable. [Archaic] -- {Be*seem"ing*ly}, adv. -- {Be*seem"ing*ness}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Beshine \Be*shine"\ (b[esl]*sh[imac]n"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Beshone}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Beshining}.] To shine upon; to illumine. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bezonian \Be*zo"ni*an\, n. [Cf. F. besoin need, want, It bisogno.] A low fellow or scoundrel; a beggar. Great men oft die by vile bezonians. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Biacuminate \Bi`a*cu"mi*nate\, a. [Pref. bi- + acuminate.] (Bot.) Having points in two directions. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bigeminate \Bi*gem"i*nate\, a. [Pref. bi- + geminate.] (Bot.) Having a forked petiole, and a pair of leaflets at the end of each division; biconjugate; twice paired; -- said of a decompound leaf. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bignonia \Big*no"ni*a\, n. [Named from the Abb[82] Bignon.] (Bot.) A large genus of American, mostly tropical, climbing shrubs, having compound leaves and showy somewhat tubular flowers. {B. capreolata} is the cross vine of the Southern United States. The trumpet creeper was formerly considered to be of this genus. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Chica \[d8]Chi"ca\, n. [Sp.] A red coloring matter. extracted from the {Bignonia Chica}, used by some tribes of South American Indians to stain the skin. 2. A fermented liquor or beer made in South American from a decoction of maize. 3. A popular Moorish, Spanish, and South American dance, said to be the original of the fandango, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Whitewood \White"wood`\, n. The soft and easily-worked wood of the tulip tree ({Liriodendron}). It is much used in cabinetwork, carriage building, etc. Note: Several other kinds of light-colored wood are called whitewood in various countries, as the wood of {Bignonia leucoxylon} in the West Indies, of {Pittosporum bicolor} in Tasmania, etc. {Whitewood bark}. See the Note under {Canella}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bignoniaceous \Big*no`ni*a"ceous\, a. (Bot.) Of pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the trumpet flower is an example. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bison \Bi"son\ (b[imac]"s[ocr]n; 277), n. [L. bison, Gr. bi`swn, a wild ox; akin to OHG. wisunt, wisant, G. wisent, AS. wesend, Icel. v[c6]sundr: cf. F. bison.] (Zo[94]l.) (a) The aurochs or European bison. (b) The American bison buffalo ({Bison Americanus}), a large, gregarious bovine quadruped with shaggy mane and short black horns, which formerly roamed in herds over most of the temperate portion of North America, but is now restricted to very limited districts in the region of the Rocky Mountains, and is rapidly decreasing in numbers. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bookman \Book"man\, n.; pl. {Bookmen}. A studious man; a scholar. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bookman \Book"man\, n.; pl. {Bookmen}. A studious man; a scholar. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bookmonger \Book"mon`ger\, n. A dealer in books. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bosom \Bos"om\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Bosomed} (-[ucr]md); p. pr. & vb. n. {Bosoming}.] 1. To inclose or carry in the bosom; to keep with care; to take to heart; to cherish. Bosom up my counsel, You'll find it wholesome. --Shak. 2. To conceal; to hide from view; to embosom. To happy convents bosomed deep in vines. --Pope. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sea corn \Sea" corn`\ (Zo[94]l.) A yellow cylindrical mass of egg capsule of certain species of whelks ({Buccinum}), which resembles an ear of maize. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Whelk \Whelk\, n. [OE. welk, wilk, AS. weoloc, weloc, wiloc. Cf. {Whilk}, and {Wilk}.] (Zo[94]l.) Any one numerous species of large marine gastropods belonging to {Buccinum} and allied genera; especially, {Buccinum undatum}, common on the coasts both of Europe and North America, and much used as food in Europe. {Whelk tingle}, a dog whelk. See under {Dog}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bushman \Bush"man\, n.; pl. {Bushmen}. [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See 1st {Bush}.] 1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush. 2. (Ethnol.) One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bushman \Bush"man\, n.; pl. {Bushmen}. [Cf. D. boschman, boschjesman. See 1st {Bush}.] 1. A woodsman; a settler in the bush. 2. (Ethnol.) One of a race of South African nomads, living principally in the deserts, and not classified as allied in race or language to any other people. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bushment \Bush"ment\, n. [OE. busshement ambush, fr. bush.] 1. A thicket; a cluster of bushes. [Obs.] --Raleigh. 2. An ambuscade. [Obs.] --Sir T. More. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Beech Mountain, NC (town, FIPS 4512) Location: 36.21076 N, 81.88903 W Population (1990): 239 (1477 housing units) Area: 17.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Beechmont, KY Zip code(s): 42323 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bowesmont, ND Zip code(s): 58225 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bozeman, MT (city, FIPS 8950) Location: 45.67691 N, 111.04247 W Population (1990): 22660 (9117 housing units) Area: 25.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 59715 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bozman, MD Zip code(s): 21612 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Buchanan, GA (city, FIPS 11616) Location: 33.80123 N, 85.18057 W Population (1990): 1009 (386 housing units) Area: 3.6 sq km (land), 0.5 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 30113 Buchanan, MI (city, FIPS 11400) Location: 41.82790 N, 86.36681 W Population (1990): 4992 (2117 housing units) Area: 6.3 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 49107 Buchanan, ND (city, FIPS 10060) Location: 47.06296 N, 98.82920 W Population (1990): 40 (15 housing units) Area: 0.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 58420 Buchanan, NY (village, FIPS 10341) Location: 41.26322 N, 73.94485 W Population (1990): 1970 (759 housing units) Area: 3.6 sq km (land), 0.8 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 10511 Buchanan, TN Zip code(s): 38222 Buchanan, VA (town, FIPS 10744) Location: 37.52071 N, 79.68939 W Population (1990): 1222 (524 housing units) Area: 6.0 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Buchanan County, IA (county, FIPS 19) Location: 42.46908 N, 91.83941 W Population (1990): 20844 (8272 housing units) Area: 1479.6 sq km (land), 5.4 sq km (water) Buchanan County, MO (county, FIPS 21) Location: 39.66648 N, 94.80602 W Population (1990): 83083 (35652 housing units) Area: 1061.3 sq km (land), 12.5 sq km (water) Buchanan County, VA (county, FIPS 27) Location: 37.26662 N, 82.03552 W Population (1990): 31333 (12222 housing units) Area: 1305.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Buchanan Dam, TX (CDP, FIPS 10984) Location: 30.79914 N, 98.43833 W Population (1990): 1099 (995 housing units) Area: 19.7 sq km (land), 32.5 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 78609 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Buckhannon, WV (city, FIPS 11188) Location: 38.98951 N, 80.22543 W Population (1990): 5909 (2457 housing units) Area: 4.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Buckman, MN (city, FIPS 8416) Location: 45.89798 N, 94.09235 W Population (1990): 201 (77 housing units) Area: 2.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
backgammon See {bignum} (sense 3), {moby} (sense 4), and {pseudoprime}. | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
bignum /big'nuhm/ n. [common; orig. from MIT MacLISP] 1. [techspeak] A multiple-precision computer representation for very large integers. 2. More generally, any very large number. "Have you ever looked at the United States Budget? There's bignums for you!" 3. [Stanford] In backgammon, large numbers on the dice especially a roll of double fives or double sixes (compare {moby}, sense 4). See also {El Camino Bignum}. Sense 1 may require some explanation. Most computer languages provide a kind of data called `integer', but such computer integers are usually very limited in size; usually they must be smaller than 2^(31) (2,147,483,648) or (on a {bitty box}) 2^(15) (32,768). If you want to work with numbers larger than that, you have to use floating-point numbers, which are usually accurate to only six or seven decimal places. Computer languages that provide bignums can perform exact calculations on very large numbers, such as 1000! (the factorial of 1000, which is 1000 times 999 times 998 times ... times 2 times 1). For example, this value for 1000! was computed by the MacLISP system using bignums: 40238726007709377354370243392300398571937486421071 46325437999104299385123986290205920442084869694048 00479988610197196058631666872994808558901323829669 94459099742450408707375991882362772718873251977950 59509952761208749754624970436014182780946464962910 56393887437886487337119181045825783647849977012476 63288983595573543251318532395846307555740911426241 74743493475534286465766116677973966688202912073791 43853719588249808126867838374559731746136085379534 52422158659320192809087829730843139284440328123155 86110369768013573042161687476096758713483120254785 89320767169132448426236131412508780208000261683151 02734182797770478463586817016436502415369139828126 48102130927612448963599287051149649754199093422215 66832572080821333186116811553615836546984046708975 60290095053761647584772842188967964624494516076535 34081989013854424879849599533191017233555566021394 50399736280750137837615307127761926849034352625200 01588853514733161170210396817592151090778801939317 81141945452572238655414610628921879602238389714760 88506276862967146674697562911234082439208160153780 88989396451826324367161676217916890977991190375403 12746222899880051954444142820121873617459926429565 81746628302955570299024324153181617210465832036786 90611726015878352075151628422554026517048330422614 39742869330616908979684825901254583271682264580665 26769958652682272807075781391858178889652208164348 34482599326604336766017699961283186078838615027946 59551311565520360939881806121385586003014356945272 24206344631797460594682573103790084024432438465657 24501440282188525247093519062092902313649327349756 55139587205596542287497740114133469627154228458623 77387538230483865688976461927383814900140767310446 64025989949022222176590433990188601856652648506179 97023561938970178600408118897299183110211712298459 01641921068884387121855646124960798722908519296819 37238864261483965738229112312502418664935314397013 74285319266498753372189406942814341185201580141233 44828015051399694290153483077644569099073152433278 28826986460278986432113908350621709500259738986355 42771967428222487575867657523442202075736305694988 25087968928162753848863396909959826280956121450994 87170124451646126037902930912088908694202851064018 21543994571568059418727489980942547421735824010636 77404595741785160829230135358081840096996372524230 56085590370062427124341690900415369010593398383577 79394109700277534720000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Bachman A proposed a style of {Entity-Relationship model} which differs from Chen's. (1995-02-08) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Bachman Information Systems {Cayenne Software} in July 1996. (1998-02-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
backgammon See {bignum}, {moby}, {pseudoprime}. [{Jargon File}] | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
base memory {IBM PC}-compatible computer running {MS-DOS}. Other PC {operating systems} can usually compensate and "ignore" the fact that there is a 640K limit to base memory. This was put in place because the original {CPU} - the {Intel 8088} - could only access one {megabyte} of memory, and {IBM} wanted to reserve the upper 384KB for {device drivers}. The {high memory area} (HMA) lies above 640KB and can be accessed on MS-DOS computers that have an {A20 handler}. (1997-05-30) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
basename {pathname}, does not mention any of the {directories} containing the file. Examples: pathname basename -------- -------- /etc/hosts hosts ./alma alma korte/a.a a.a a.a a.a See also {pathname}. (1996-11-23) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
bignum {multiple-precision} computer representation for very large integers. Most computer languages provide a type of data called "integer", but such computer integers are usually limited in size; usually they must be smaller than 2^31 (2,147,483,648) or (on a {bitty box}) 2^15 (32,768). If you want to work with numbers larger than that, you have to use {floating-point} numbers, which are usually accurate to only six or seven decimal places. Computer languages that provide bignums can perform exact calculations on very large numbers, such as 1000! (the factorial of 1000, which is 1000 times 999 times 998 times ... times 2 times 1). For example, this value for 1000! was computed by the {MacLISP} system using bignums: 40238726007709377354370243392300398571937486421071 46325437999104299385123986290205920442084869694048 00479988610197196058631666872994808558901323829669 94459099742450408707375991882362772718873251977950 59509952761208749754624970436014182780946464962910 56393887437886487337119181045825783647849977012476 63288983595573543251318532395846307555740911426241 74743493475534286465766116677973966688202912073791 43853719588249808126867838374559731746136085379534 52422158659320192809087829730843139284440328123155 86110369768013573042161687476096758713483120254785 89320767169132448426236131412508780208000261683151 02734182797770478463586817016436502415369139828126 48102130927612448963599287051149649754199093422215 66832572080821333186116811553615836546984046708975 60290095053761647584772842188967964624494516076535 34081989013854424879849599533191017233555566021394 50399736280750137837615307127761926849034352625200 01588853514733161170210396817592151090778801939317 81141945452572238655414610628921879602238389714760 88506276862967146674697562911234082439208160153780 88989396451826324367161676217916890977991190375403 12746222899880051954444142820121873617459926429565 81746628302955570299024324153181617210465832036786 90611726015878352075151628422554026517048330422614 39742869330616908979684825901254583271682264580665 26769958652682272807075781391858178889652208164348 34482599326604336766017699961283186078838615027946 59551311565520360939881806121385586003014356945272 24206344631797460594682573103790084024432438465657 24501440282188525247093519062092902313649327349756 55139587205596542287497740114133469627154228458623 77387538230483865688976461927383814900140767310446 64025989949022222176590433990188601856652648506179 97023561938970178600408118897299183110211712298459 01641921068884387121855646124960798722908519296819 37238864261483965738229112312502418664935314397013 74285319266498753372189406942814341185201580141233 44828015051399694290153483077644569099073152433278 28826986460278986432113908350621709500259738986355 42771967428222487575867657523442202075736305694988 25087968928162753848863396909959826280956121450994 87170124451646126037902930912088908694202851064018 21543994571568059418727489980942547421735824010636 77404595741785160829230135358081840096996372524230 56085590370062427124341690900415369010593398383577 79394109700277534720000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-27) | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Bosnia And Herzegovina Note--Bosnia and Herzegovina is set to enter its third year of interethnic civil strife which began in the spring of 1992 after the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. Bosnia's Serbs - supported by neighboring Serbia - responded with armed resistance aimed at partitioning the republic along ethnic lines and joining Serb-held areas to 'greater Serbia'. In March 1994, Bosnia's Muslims and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement in Washington, DC, creating the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A group of rebel Muslims, however, continues to battle government forces in the northwest enclave of Bihac. A Contact Group of countries, the US, UK, France, Germany, and Russia, continues to seek a resolution between the Federation and the Bosnian Serbs. In July of 1994 the Contact Group presented a plan to the warring parties that roughly equally divides the country between the two, while maintaining Bosnia in its current internationally recognized borders. The Federation agreed to the plan almost immediately, while the Bosnian Serbs rejected it. Bosnia And Herzegovina:Geography Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia Map references: Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe Area: total area: 51,233 sq km land area: 51,233 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee Land boundaries: total 1,459 km, Croatia 932 km, Serbia and Montenegro 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro) Coastline: 20 km Maritime claims: NA International disputes: as of January 1995, Bosnian Government and Bosnian Serb leaders remain far apart on territorial and constitutional solutions for Bosnia; the two sides did, however, sign a four-month cessation of hostilities agreement effective January 1; the Bosnian Serbs continue to reject the Contact Group Plan submitted by the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Russia, and accepted by the Bosnian Government, which stands firm in its desire to regain lost territory and preserve Bosnia as a multiethnic state within its current borders; Bosnian Serb forces control approximately 70% of Bosnian territory Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast Terrain: mountains and valleys Natural resources: coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood products, copper, chromium, lead, zinc Land use: arable land: 20% permanent crops: 2% meadows and pastures: 25% forest and woodland: 36% other: 17% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; widespread casualties, water shortages, and destruction of infrastructure because of civil strife natural hazards: frequent and destructive earthquakes international agreements: party to - Air Pollution, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection Bosnia And Herzegovina:People Population: 3,201,823 (July 1995 est.) note: all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing Age structure: 0-14 years: 22% (female 337,787; male 370,966) 15-64 years: 68% (female 1,082,357; male 1,085,610) 65 years and over: 10% (female 190,992; male 134,111) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.65% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 11.29 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 7.51 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 2.72 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 11.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 75.47 years male: 72.75 years female: 78.37 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 1.65 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s) adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian Ethnic divisions: Muslim 38%, Serb 40%, Croat 22% (est.) Religions: Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10% Languages: Serbo-Croatian 99% Literacy: NA% Labor force: 1,026,254 by occupation: NA% Bosnia And Herzegovina:Government Note: The US recognizes the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, formed by the Muslims and Croats in March 1994, remains in the implementation stages. Names: conventional long form: Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina local long form: Republika Bosna i Hercegovina local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina Digraph: BK Type: emerging democracy Capital: Sarajevo Administrative divisions: 109 districts (opstinas, singular - opstina) Banovici, Banja Luka, Bihac, Bijeljina, Bileca, Bosanska Dubica, Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanska Krupa, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Novi, Bosanski Petrovac, Bosanski Samac, Bosansko Grahovo, Bratunac, Brcko, Breza, Bugojno, Busovaca, Cazin, Cajnice, Capljina, Celinac, Citluk, Derventa, Doboj, Donji Vakuf, Foca, Fojnica, Gacko, Glamoc, Gorazde, Gornji Vakuf, Gracanica, Gradacac, Grude, Han Pijesak, Jablanica, Jajce, Kakanj, Kalesija, Kalinovik, Kiseljak, Kladanj, Kljuc, Konjic, Kotor Varos, Kresevo, Kupres, Laktasi, Listica, Livno, Lopare, Lukavac, Ljubinje, Ljubuski, Maglaj, Modrica, Mostar, Mrkonjic-Grad, Neum, Nevesinje, Odzak, Olovo, Orasje, Posusje, Prijedor, Prnjavor, Prozor, (Pucarevo) Novi Travnik, Rogatica, Rudo, Sanski Most, Sarajevo-Centar, Sarajevo-Hadzici, Sarajevo-Ilidza, Sarajevo-Ilijas, Sarajevo-Novi Grad, Sarajevo-Novo, Sarajevo-Pale, Sarajevo-Stari Grad, Sarajevo-Trnovo, Sarajevo-Vogosca, Skender Vakuf, Sokolac, Srbac, Srebrenica, Srebrenik, Stolac, Sekovici, Sipovo, Teslic, Tesanj, Drvar, Duvno, Travnik, Trebinje, Tuzla, Ugljevik, Vares, Velika Kladusa, Visoko, Visegrad, Vitez, Vlasenica, Zavidovici, Zenica, Zvornik, Zepce, Zivinice note: currently under negotiation with the assistance of international mediators Independence: NA April 1992 (from Yugoslavia) National holiday: NA Constitution: promulgated in 1974 (under the Communists), amended 1989, 1990, and 1991; the Assembly planned to draft a new constitution in 1991, before conditions deteriorated; constitution of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (including Muslim and Croatian controlled parts of Republic) ratified April 1994 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Alija IZETBEGOVIC (since 20 December 1990), other members of the collective presidency: Ejup GANIC (since NA November 1990), Nijaz DURAKOVIC (since NA October 1993), Stjepan KLJUJIC (since NA October 1993), Ivo KOMSIC (since NA October 1993), Mirko PEJANOVIC (since NA June 1992), Tatjana LJUJIC-MIJATOVIC (since NA December 1992) head of government: Prime Minister Haris SILAJDZIC (since NA October 1993) cabinet: executive body of ministers; members of, and responsible to, the National Assembly note: the president of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is Kresimir ZUBAK (since 31 May 1994); Vice President Ejup GANIC (since 31 May 1994) Legislative branch: bicameral National Assembly Chamber of Municipalities (Vijece Opeina): elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats - (110 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 38, HDZ BiH 23, Party of Democratic Changes 4, DSS 1, SPO 1 Chamber of Citizens (Vijece Gradanstvo): elections last held November-December 1990 (next to be held NA); percent of vote by party NA; seats - (130 total) SDA 43, SDS BiH 34, HDZ BiH 21, Party of Democratic Changes 15, SRSJ BiH 12, LBO 2, DSS 1, DSZ 1, LS 1 note: legislative elections for Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are slated for late 1994 Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Constitutional Court Political parties and leaders: Party of Democratic Action (SDA), Alija IZETBEGOVIC; Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH), Dario KORDIC; Serbian Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDS BiH), Radovan KARADZIC, president; Liberal Bosnian Organization (LBO), Adil ZULFIKARPASIC, president; Democratic Party of Socialists (DSS), Nijaz DURAKOVIC, president; Party of Democratic Changes, leader NA; Serbian Movement for Renewal (SPO), Milan TRIVUNCIC; Alliance of Reform Forces of Yugoslavia for Bosnia and Herzegovina (SRSJ BiH), Dr. Nenad KECMANOVIC, president; Democratic League of Greens (DSZ), Drazen PETROVIC; Liberal Party (LS), Rasim KADIC, president Other political or pressure groups: NA Member of: CE (guest), CEI, ECE, FAO, ICAO, IFAD, ILO, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Sven ALKALAJ chancery: Suite 760, 1707 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-3612, 3613, 3615 FAX: [1] (202) 833-2061 consulate(s) general: New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Victor JACKOVICH embassy: address NA mailing address: American Embassy Bosnia, c/o AmEmbassy Vienna Boltzmangasse 16, A-1091, Vienna, Austria; APO: (Bosnia) Vienna, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-9900 telephone: [43] (1) 313-39 FAX: [43] (1) 310-0682 Flag: white with a large blue shield; the shield contains white Roman crosses with a white diagonal band running from the upper hoist corner to the lower fly side Economy Overview: Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked next to The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia as the poorest republic in the old Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture has been almost all in private hands, farms have been small and inefficient, and the republic traditionally has been a net importer of food. Industry has been greatly overstaffed, one reflection of the rigidities of Communist central planning and management. TITO had pushed the development of military industries in the republic with the result that Bosnia hosted a large share of Yugoslavia's defense plants. As of February 1995, Bosnia and Herzegovina was being torn apart by the continued bitter interethnic warfare that has caused production to plummet, unemployment and inflation to soar, and human misery to multiply. No economic statistics for 1992-94 are available, although output clearly has fallen substantially below the levels of earlier years and almost certainly is well below $1,000 per head. The country receives substantial amounts of humanitarian aid from the international community. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $NA National product real growth rate: NA% National product per capita: $NA Inflation rate (consumer prices): NA% Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $NA commodities: NA partners: NA Imports: $NA commodities: NA partners: NA External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate NA%; production is sharply down because of interethnic and interrepublic warfare (1991-94) Electricity: capacity: 3,800,000 kW production: NA kWh consumption per capita: NA kWh (1993) Industries: steel production, mining (coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite), manufacturing (vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, 40% of former Yugoslavia's armaments including tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances), oil refining (1991) Agriculture: accounted for 9.0% of GDP in 1989; regularly produces less than 50% of food needs; the foothills of northern Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat and corn; long winters and heavy precipitation leach soil fertility reducing agricultural output in the mountains; farms are mostly privately held, small, and not very productive (1991) Illicit drugs: NA Economic aid: $NA Currency: 1 dinar = 100 para; Croatian dinar used in Croat-held area, presumably to be replaced by new Croatian kuna; old and new Serbian dinars used in Serb-held area; hard currencies probably supplanting local currencies in areas held by Bosnian government Exchange rates: NA Fiscal year: calendar year Bosnia And Herzegovina:Transportation Railroads: total: 1,021 km (electrified 795 km) standard gauge: 1,021 km 1.435-m gauge (1994) Highways: total: 21,168 km paved: 11,436 km unpaved: gravel 8,146 km; earth 1,586 km (1991) Inland waterways: NA km Pipelines: crude oil 174 km; natural gas 90 km (1992); note - pipelines now disrupted Ports: Bosanski Brod Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 27 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 11 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 1 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8 Bosnia And Herzegovina:Communications Telephone system: 727,000 telephones; telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average when compared with services in other former Yugoslav republics local: NA intercity: NA international: no earth stations Radio: broadcast stations: AM 9, FM 2, shortwave 0 radios: 840,000 Television: broadcast stations: 6 televisions: 1,012,094 Bosnia And Herzegovina:Defense Forces Branches: Army Manpower availability: males age 15-49 815,055; males fit for military service 657,454; males reach military age (19) annually 38,201 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP |