English Dictionary: airmanship | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
A89romancy \A"[89]r*o*man`cy\, n. [A[89]ro- + -mancy: cf. F. a[82]romancie.] Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Airman \Air"man\, n. A man who ascends or flies in an aircraft; a flying machine pilot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Airmanship \Air"man*ship\, n. Art, skill, or ability in the practice of a[89]rial navigation. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Airwoman \Air"wom`an\, n. A woman who ascends or flies in an aircraft. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aram91an \Ar`a*m[91]an\, Aramean \Ar`a*me"an\, a. [L. Aramaeus, Gr. [?], fr. Heb. Ar[be]m, i. e. Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.] Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic. -- n. A native of Aram. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aram91an \Ar`a*m[91]an\, Aramean \Ar`a*me"an\, a. [L. Aramaeus, Gr. [?], fr. Heb. Ar[be]m, i. e. Highland, a name given to Syria and Mesopotamia.] Of or pertaining to the Syrians and Chaldeans, or to their language; Aramaic. -- n. A native of Aram. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Arachnida \[d8]A*rach"ni*da\, n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. [?] spider.] (Zo[94]l.) One of the classes of Arthropoda. See Illustration in Appendix. Note: They have four pairs of legs, no antenn[91] nor wings, a pair of mandibles, and one pair of maxill[91] or palpi. The head is usually consolidated with the thorax. The respiration is either by tranche[91] or by pulmonary sacs, or by both. The class includes three principal orders: {Araneina}, or spiders; {Arthrogastra}, including scorpions, etc.; and {Acarina}, or mites and ticks. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ariman \A"ri*man\, n. See {Ahriman}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arm \Arm\, n. [AS. arm, earm; akin to OHG. aram, G., D., Dan., & Sw. arm, Icel. armr, Goth. arms, L. armus arm, shoulder, and prob. to Gr. [?] joining, joint, shoulder, fr. the root [?] to join, to fit together; cf. Slav. rame. [?]. See {Art}, {Article}.] 1. The limb of the human body which extends from the shoulder to the hand; also, the corresponding limb of a monkey. 2. Anything resembling an arm; as, (a) The fore limb of an animal, as of a bear. (b) A limb, or locomotive or prehensile organ, of an invertebrate animal. (c) A branch of a tree. (d) A slender part of an instrument or machine, projecting from a trunk, axis, or fulcrum; as, the arm of a steelyard. (e) (Naut) The end of a yard; also, the part of an anchor which ends in the fluke. (f) An inlet of water from the sea. (g) A support for the elbow, at the side of a chair, the end of a sofa, etc. 3. Fig.: Power; might; strength; support; as, the secular arm; the arm of the law. To whom is the arm of the Lord revealed? --Isa. lii. 1. {Arm's end}, the end of the arm; a good distance off. --Dryden. {Arm's length}, the length of the arm. {Arm's reach}, reach of the arm; the distance the arm can reach. {To go} (or {walk}) {arm in arm}, to go with the arm or hand of one linked in the arm of another. [bd]When arm in armwe went along.[b8] --Tennyson. {To keep at arm's length}, to keep at a distance (literally or figuratively); not to allow to come into close contact or familiar intercourse. {To work at arm's length}, to work disadvantageously. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Armament \Ar"ma*ment\, n. [L. armamenta, pl., utensils, esp. the tackle of a ship, fr. armare to arm: cf. LL. armamentum, F. armement.] 1. A body of forces equipped for war; -- used of a land or naval force. [bd]The whole united armament of Greece.[b8] --Glover. 2. (Mil. & Nav.) All the cannon and small arms collectively, with their equipments, belonging to a ship or a fortification. 3. Any equipment for resistance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Armamentary \Ar`ma*men"ta*ry\, n. [L. armamentarium, fr. armamentum: cf. F. armamentaire.] An armory; a magazine or arsenal. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Armenian \Ar*me"ni*an\, a. [Cf. F. Arm[82]nien, L. Armenias, fr. Armenia.] Of or pertaining to Armenia. {Armenian bole}, a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. {Armenian stone}. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b) Emery. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Armenian \Ar*me"ni*an\, n. 1. A native or one of the people of Armenia; also, the language of the Armenians. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) An adherent of the Armenian Church, an organization similar in some doctrines and practices to the Greek Church, in others to the Roman Catholic. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Armenian \Ar*me"ni*an\, a. [Cf. F. Arm[82]nien, L. Armenias, fr. Armenia.] Of or pertaining to Armenia. {Armenian bole}, a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. {Armenian stone}. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b) Emery. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bole \Bole\, n. [Gr. [?] a clod or lump of earth: cf. F. bol, and also L. bolus morsel. Cf. {Bolus}.] 1. Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See {Clay}, and {Terra alba}. 2. A bolus; a dose. --Coleridge. {Armenian bole}. See under {Armenian}. {Bole Armoniac}, or {Armoniak}, Armenian bole. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lazuli \Laz"u*li\, n.[F. & NL. lapis lazuli, LL. lazulus, lazurius, lazur from the same Oriental source as E. azure. See {Azure}.] (Min.) A mineral of a fine azure-blue color, usually in small rounded masses. It is essentially a silicate of alumina, lime, and soda, with some sodium sulphide, is often marked by yellow spots or veins of sulphide of iron, and is much valued for ornamental work. Called also {lapis lazuli}, and {Armenian stone}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Armenian \Ar*me"ni*an\, a. [Cf. F. Arm[82]nien, L. Armenias, fr. Armenia.] Of or pertaining to Armenia. {Armenian bole}, a soft clayey earth of a bright red color found in Armenia, Tuscany, etc. {Armenian stone}. (a) The commercial name of lapis lazuli. (b) Emery. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arm \Arm\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Armed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Arming}.] [OE. armen, F. armer, fr. L. armare, fr. arma, pl., arms. See {arms}.] 1. To take by the arm; to take up in one's arms. [Obs.] And make him with our pikes and partisans A grave: come, arm him. --Shak. Arm your prize; I know you will not lose him. --Two N. Kins. 2. To furnish with arms or limbs. [R.] His shoulders broad and strong, Armed long and round. --Beau. & Fl. 3. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or defense; as, to arm soldiers; to arm the country. Abram . . . armed his trained servants. --Gen. xiv. 14. 4. To cover or furnish with a plate, or with whatever will add strength, force, security, or efficiency; as, to arm the hit of a sword; to arm a hook in angling. 5. Fig.: To furnish with means of defense; to prepare for resistance; to fortify, in a moral sense. Arm yourselves . . . with the same mind. --1 Pet. iv. 1. {To arm a magnet}, to fit it with an armature. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arming \Arm"ing\, n. 1. The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms. The arming was now universal. --Macaulay. 2. (Naut.) A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom. --Totten. 3. pl. (Naut.) Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays. {Arming press} (Bookbinding), a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arming \Arm"ing\, n. 1. The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms. The arming was now universal. --Macaulay. 2. (Naut.) A piece of tallow placed in a cavity at the lower end of a sounding lead, to bring up the sand, shells, etc., of the sea bottom. --Totten. 3. pl. (Naut.) Red dress cloths formerly hung fore and aft outside of a ship's upper works on holidays. {Arming press} (Bookbinding), a press for stamping titles and designs on the covers of books. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arminian \Ar*min"i*an\ (?; 277), a. Of or pertaining to Arminius of his followers, or to their doctrines. See note under {Arminian}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arminian \Ar*min"i*an\, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who holds the tenets of Arminius, a Dutch divine (b. 1560, d. 1609). Note: The Arminian doctrines are: 1. Conditional election and reprobation, in opposition to absolute predestination. 2. Universal redemption, or that the atonement was made by Christ for all mankind, though none but believers can be partakers of the benefit. 3. That man, in order to exercise true faith, must be regenerated and renewed by the operation of the Holy Spirit, which is the gift of God. 4. That man may resist divine grace. 5. That man may relapse from a state of grace. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arminianism \Ar*min"i*an*ism\, n. The religious doctrines or tenets of the Arminians. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Armoniac \Ar*mo"ni*ac\, a. Ammoniac. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bole \Bole\, n. [Gr. [?] a clod or lump of earth: cf. F. bol, and also L. bolus morsel. Cf. {Bolus}.] 1. Any one of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually colored more or less strongly red by oxide of iron, and used to color and adulterate various substances. It was formerly used in medicine. It is composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia. See {Clay}, and {Terra alba}. 2. A bolus; a dose. --Coleridge. {Armenian bole}. See under {Armenian}. {Bole Armoniac}, or {Armoniak}, Armenian bole. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Musk \Musk\, n. [F. musc, L. muscus, Per. musk, fr. Skr. mushka testicle, orig., a little mouse. See {Mouse}, and cd. {Abelmosk}, {Muscadel}, {Muscovy duck}, {Nutmeg}.] 1. A substance of a reddish brown color, and when fresh of the consistence of honey, obtained from a bag being behind the navel of the male musk deer. It has a slightly bitter taste, but is specially remarkable for its powerful and enduring odor. It is used in medicine as a stimulant antispasmodic. The term is also applied to secretions of various other animals, having a similar odor. 2. (Zo[94]l.) The musk deer. See {Musk deer} (below). 3. The perfume emitted by musk, or any perfume somewhat similar. 4. (Bot.) (a) The musk plant ({Mimulus moschatus}). (b) A plant of the genus {Erodium} ({E. moschatum}); -- called also {musky heron's-bill}. (c) A plant of the genus {Muscari}; grape hyacinth. {Musk beaver} (Zo[94]l.), muskrat (1). {Musk beetle} (Zo[94]l.), a European longicorn beetle ({Aromia moschata}), having an agreeable odor resembling that of attar of roses. {Musk cat}. See {Bondar}. {Musk cattle} (Zo[94]l.), musk oxen. See {Musk ox} (below). {Musk deer} (Zo[94]l.), a small hornless deer ({Moschus moschiferus}), which inhabits the elevated parts of Central Asia. The upper canine teeth of the male are developed into sharp tusks, curved downward. The male has scent bags on the belly, from which the musk of commerce is derived. The deer is yellow or red-brown above, whitish below. The pygmy musk deer are chevrotains, as the kanchil and napu. {Musk duck}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) The Muscovy duck. (b) An Australian duck ({Biziura lobata}). {Musk lorikeet} (Zo[94]l.), the Pacific lorikeet ({Glossopsitta australis}) of Australia. {Musk mallow} (Bot.), a name of two malvaceous plants: (a) A species of mallow ({Malva moschata}), the foliage of which has a faint musky smell. (b) An Asiatic shrub. See {Abelmosk}. {Musk orchis} (Bot.), a European plant of the Orchis family ({Herminium Minorchis}); -- so called from its peculiar scent. {Musk ox} (Zo[94]l.), an Arctic hollow-horned ruminant ({Ovibos moschatus}), now existing only in America, but found fossil in Europe and Asia. It is covered with a thick coat of fine yellowish wool, and with long dark hair, which is abundant and shaggy on the neck and shoulders. The full-grown male weighs over four hundred pounds. {Musk parakeet}. (Zo[94]l.) Same as {Musk lorikeet} (above). {Musk pear} (Bot.), a fragrant kind of pear much resembling the Seckel pear. {Musk plant} (Bot.), the {Mimulus moschatus}, a plant found in Western North America, often cultivated, and having a strong musky odor. {Musk root} (Bot.), the name of several roots with a strong odor, as that of the nard ({Nardostachys Jatamansi}) and of a species of {Angelica}. {Musk rose} (Bot.), a species of rose ({Rosa moschata}), having peculiarly fragrant white blossoms. {Musk seed} (Bot.), the seed of a plant of the Mallow family ({Hibiscus moschatus}), used in perfumery and in flavoring. See {Abelmosk}. {Musk sheep} (Zo[94]l.), the musk ox. {Musk shrew} (Zo[94]l.), a shrew ({Sorex murinus}), found in India. It has a powerful odor of musk. Called also {sondeli}, and {mondjourou}. {Musk thistle} (Bot.), a species of thistle ({Carduus nutans}), having fine large flowers, and leaves smelling strongly of musk. {Musk tortoise}, {Musk turtle} (Zo[94]l.), a small American fresh-water tortoise ({Armochelys, [or] Ozotheca, odorata}), which has a distinct odor of musk; -- called also {stinkpot}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arraiment \Ar*rai"ment\, Arrayment \Ar*ray"ment\, n. [From {Array}, v. t.] Clothes; raiment. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arraiment \Ar*rai"ment\, Arrayment \Ar*ray"ment\, n. [From {Array}, v. t.] Clothes; raiment. [Obs.] | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Airmont, NY (CDP, FIPS 408) Location: 41.09907 N, 74.10042 W Population (1990): 7835 (2318 housing units) Area: 12.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Armington, IL (village, FIPS 2206) Location: 40.33993 N, 89.31367 W Population (1990): 348 (151 housing units) Area: 0.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 61721 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Arminto, WY Zip code(s): 82630 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Armona, CA (CDP, FIPS 2700) Location: 36.31802 N, 119.70590 W Population (1990): 3122 (978 housing units) Area: 5.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 93202 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Armonk, NY (CDP, FIPS 2649) Location: 41.13229 N, 73.71282 W Population (1990): 2745 (957 housing units) Area: 15.8 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 10504 | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Armenia high land, occurs only in Authorized Version, 2 Kings 19:37; in Revised Version, "Ararat," which is the Hebrew word. A country in western Asia lying between the Caspian and the Black Sea. Here the ark of Noah rested after the Deluge (Gen. 8:4). It is for the most part high table-land, and is watered by the Aras, the Kur, the Euphrates, and the Tigris. Ararat was properly the name of a part of ancient Armenia. Three provinces of Armenia are mentioned in Jer. 51:27, Ararat, Minni, and Ashchenaz. Some, however, think Minni a contraction for Armenia. (See {ARARAT}.) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Armoni inhabitant of a fortress, the first-named of the two sons of Saul and Rizpah. He was delivered up to the Gibeonites by David, and hanged by them (2 Sam. 21:8, 9). | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Arnon swift, the southern boundary of the territory of Israel beyond Jordan, separating it from the land of Moab (Deut. 3:8, 16). This river (referred to twenty-four times in the Bible) rises in the mountains of Gilead, and after a circuitous course of about 80 miles through a deep ravine it falls into the Dead Sea nearly opposite Engedi. The stream is almost dry in summer. It is now called el-Mujeb. The territory of the Amorites extended from the Arnon to the Jabbok. | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Arnon, rejoicing; sunlight | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Armenia Armenia:Geography Location: Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States - European States Area: total area: 29,800 sq km land area: 28,400 sq km comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland Land boundaries: total 1,254 km, Azerbaijan (east) 566 km, Azerbaijan (south) 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km Coastline: 0 km (landlocked) Maritime claims: none; landlocked International disputes: supports ethnic Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh in their separatist conflict against the Azerbaijani government; traditional demands on former Armenian lands in Turkey have subsided Climate: highland continental, hot summers, cold winters Terrain: high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum, zinc, alumina Land use: arable land: 17% permanent crops: 3% meadows and pastures: 20% forest and woodland: 0% other: 60% Irrigated land: 3,050 sq km (1990) Environment: current issues: soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT; energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to deforestation as citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich, a result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking water supplies natural hazards: occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Note: landlocked Armenia:People Population: 3,557,284 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 31% (female 542,664; male 570,998) 15-64 years: 61% (female 1,103,171; male 1,076,226) 65 years and over: 8% (female 154,784; male 109,441) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.94% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.79 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 6.66 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -6.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 26 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 72.36 years male: 68.94 years female: 75.95 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 3.06 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian Ethnic divisions: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989) note: as of the end of 1994, most Azeris had emigrated from Armenia Religions: Armenian Orthodox 94% Languages: Armenian 96%, Russian 2%, other 2% Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1989) total population: 99% male: 99% female: 98% Labor force: 1.578 million by occupation: industry and construction 34%, agriculture and forestry 31%, other 35% (1992) Armenia:Government Names: conventional long form: Republic of Armenia conventional short form: Armenia local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun local short form: Hayastan former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic Digraph: AM Type: republic Capital: Yerevan Administrative divisions: 37 regions (shrjanner, singular - shrjan) and 23 cities* (kaghakner, singular - kaghak); Abovyan*, Akhuryani Shrjan, Alaverdi*, Amasiayi Shrjan, Anii Shrjan, Aparani Shrjan, Aragatsi Shrjan, Ararat*, Ararati Shrjan, Armaviri Shrjan, Artashat*, Artashati Shrjan, Art'ik*, Art'iki Shrjan, Ashots'k'i Shrjan, Ashtarak*, Ashtaraki Shrjan, Baghramyani Shrjan, Ch'arents'avan*, Dilijan*, Ejmiatsin*, Ejmiatsni Shrjan, Goris*, Gorisi Shrjan, Gugark'i Shrjan, Gyumri*, Hoktemberyan*, Hrazdan*, Hrazdani Shrjan, Ijevan*, Ijevani Shrjan, Jermuk*, Kamo*, Kamoyi Shrjan, Kapan*, Kapani Shrjan, Kotayk'i Shrjan, Krasnoselski Shrjan, Martunu Shrjan, Masisi Shrjan, Meghru Shrjan, Metsamor*, Nairii Shrjan, Noyemberyani Shrjan, Sevan*, Sevani Shrjan, Sisiani Shrjan, Spitak*, Spitaki Shrjan, Step'anavan*, Step'anavani Shrjan, T'alini Shrjan, Tashiri Shrjan, Taushi Shrjan, T'umanyani Shrjan, Vanadzor*, Vardenisi Shrjan, Vayk'i Shrjan, Yeghegnadzori Shrjan, Yerevan* Independence: 28 May 1918 (First Armenian Republic); 23 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) National holiday: Referendum Day, 21 September Constitution: adopted NA April 1978; referendum on new constitution to be held 5 July 1995 Legal system: based on civil law system Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN (since October 1991) election last held 16 October 1991 (next to be held NA 1996); results - Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN 86%; radical nationalists about 7%; note - Levon Akopovich TER-PETROSYAN was elected Chairman of the Armenian Supreme Soviet 4 August 1990 before becoming president head of government: Prime Minister Hrant BAGRATYAN (since 16 February 1993); First Deputy Prime Minister Vigen CHITECHYAN (since 16 February 1993) cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Supreme Soviet: elections last held 20 May 1990 (next to be held 5 July 1995); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (260 total) non-aligned 136, ANM 52, DPA 17, Democratic Liberal Party 17, ARF 12, NDU 9, Christian Democratic Party 1, Constitutional Rights Union 1, ONS 1, Republican Party 1, Nagorno-Karabakh representatives 13 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: Armenian National Movement (ANM), Ter-Husik LAZARYAN, chairman; National Democratic Union (NDU), David VARTANYAN, chairman; Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF, Dashnaktsutyun); note - banned until reorganized; Democratic Party of Armenia (DPA; Communist Party), Aram SARKISYAN, chairman; Christian Democratic Party, Azat ARSHAKYAN, chairman; Greens Party, Hakob SANASARIAN, chairman; Democratic Liberal Party, Rouben MIRZAKHANYAN, chairman; Republican Party, Ashot NAVARSARDYAN, chairman; Union for Self-Determination (ONS), Paruir AIRIKYAN, chairman Member of: BSEC, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ITU, NACC, NAM (observer), OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Ruben SHUGARIAN chancery: Suite 210, 1660 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 628-5766 FAX: [1] (202) 628-5769 US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador Harry J. GILMORE embassy: 18 Gen Bagramian, Yerevan mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [7] (8852) 151-144, 524-661 FAX: [7] (8852) 151-138 Flag: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and gold Economy Overview: Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia had developed a more modern industrial sector, supplying machine building equipment, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics in exchange for raw materials and energy resources. Armenia is a large food importer and its mineral deposits (gold, bauxite) are small. The economic decline in recent years (1991-94) has been particularly severe due to the ongoing conflict over the ethnic Armenian-dominated region of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan and Turkey have blockaded pipeline and railroad traffic to Armenia for its support of the Karabakh Armenians. This has left Armenia with chronic energy shortages because of a lack of capacity and frequent disruptions of natural gas deliveries through unstable Georgia, as well as difficulties in obtaining other types of fuel. In addition, bread is strictly rationed and there are shortages of other goods. In 1994, the economy seemed to bottom out. The government has managed to increase its financial and budgetary discipline, bringing inflation down from around 40% per month in first half 1994 to single digits in second half 1994 and the first quarter of 1995. A full economic recovery cannot be expected until the conflict is settled and the blockade lifted. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.1 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992) National product real growth rate: -2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $2,290 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 27% per month average (1994 est.) Unemployment rate: 6.5% of officially registered unemployed but large numbers of underemployed (1994 est.) Budget: revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA Exports: $43 million to countries outside the FSU (f.o.b., 1994) commodities: gold and jewelry, aluminum, transport equipment, electrical equipment partners: Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia Imports: $120 million from countries outside the FSU (c.i.f., 1994) commodities: grain, other foods, fuel, other energy partners: Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Georgia, US, EU External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 7% (1994 est.); accounts for 41% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 4,620,000 kW production: 5.7 billion kWh consumption per capita: 1,620 kWh (1994) Industries: traditionally diverse, including (as a percent of output of former USSR) metalcutting machine tools (5.5%), forging-pressing machines (1.9%), electric motors (9%), tires (1.5%), knitted wear (4.4%), hosiery (3.0%), shoes (2.2%), silk fabric (0.8%), washing machines (2.0%), chemicals, trucks, watches, instruments, and microelectronics (1990); currently, much of industry is shut down Agriculture: only 17% of land area is arable; employs 31% of labor force as residents increasingly turn to subsistence agriculture; fruits (especially grapes) and vegetable farming, minor livestock sector; vineyards near Yerevan are famous for brandy and other liqueurs Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis mostly for domestic consumption; used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs to Western Europe Economic aid: recipient: considerable humanitarian aid, mostly food and energy products, from US and EU; Russia granted 60 billion rubles in technical credits in late 1994 and approved a 110 billion ruble credit almost half of which was to go toward the restart of the Metsamor nuclear power plant Currency: 1 dram = 100 luma (introduced new currency in November 1993) Exchange rates: dram per US$1 - 406 (end December 1994) Fiscal year: calendar year Armenia:Transportation Railroads: total: 840 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines broad gauge: 840 km 1.520-m gauge (1990) Highways: total: 11,300 km paved: 10,500 km unpaved: earth 800 km (1990) Inland waterways: NA km Pipelines: natural gas 900 km (1991) Ports: none Airports: total: 11 with paved runways over 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2 with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 2 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with unpaved runways under 914 m: 1 Armenia:Communications Telephone system: about 650,000 telephones; 177 telephones/1,000 persons; progress on installation of fiber optic cable and construction of facilities for mobile cellular phone service remains in the negotiation phase for joint venture agreement local: NA intercity: NA international: international connections to other former republics of the USSR are by landline or microwave and to other countries by satellite and by leased connection through the Moscow international gateway switch; 1 INTELSAT satellite link Radio: broadcast stations: AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: NA; note - 100% of population receives Armenian and Russian TV programs televisions: NA Armenia:Defense Forces Branches: Army, Air and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) Manpower availability: males age 15-49 877,414; males fit for military service 699,167; males reach military age (18) annually 28,634 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: 250 million rubles, NA% of GDP (1992 est.); note - conversion of the military budget into US dollars using the current exchange rate could produce misleading results |