English Dictionary: abstract entity | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bee \Bee\ (b[emac]), n. [AS. be[a2]; akin to D. bij and bije, Icel. b[?], Sw. & Dan. bi, OHG. pini, G. biene, and perh. Ir. beach, Lith. bitis, Skr. bha. [root]97.] 1. (Zo[94]l.) An insect of the order {Hymenoptera}, and family {Apid[91]} (the honeybees), or family {Andrenid[91]} (the solitary bees.) See {Honeybee}. Note: There are many genera and species. The common honeybee ({Apis mellifica}) lives in swarms, each of which has its own queen, its males or drones, and its very numerous workers, which are barren females. Besides the {A. mellifica} there are other species and varieties of honeybees, as the {A. ligustica} of Spain and Italy; the {A. Indica} of India; the {A. fasciata} of Egypt. The {bumblebee} is a species of {Bombus}. The tropical honeybees belong mostly to {Melipoma} and {Trigona}. 2. A neighborly gathering of people who engage in united labor for the benefit of an individual or family; as, a quilting bee; a husking bee; a raising bee. [U. S.] The cellar . . . was dug by a bee in a single day. --S. G. Goodrich. 3. pl. [Prob. fr. AS. be[a0]h ring, fr. b[?]gan to bend. See 1st {Bow}.] (Naut.) Pieces of hard wood bolted to the sides of the bowsprit, to reeve the fore-topmast stays through; -- called also {bee blocks}. {Bee beetle} (Zo[94]l.), a beetle ({Trichodes apiarius}) parasitic in beehives. {Bee bird} (Zo[94]l.), a bird that eats the honeybee, as the European flycatcher, and the American kingbird. {Bee flower} (Bot.), an orchidaceous plant of the genus {Ophrys} ({O. apifera}), whose flowers have some resemblance to bees, flies, and other insects. {Bee fly} (Zo[94]l.), a two winged fly of the family {Bombyliid[91]}. Some species, in the larval state, are parasitic upon bees. {Bee garden}, a garden or inclosure to set beehives in; an apiary. --Mortimer. {Bee glue}, a soft, unctuous matter, with which bees cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells; -- called also {propolis}. {Bee hawk} (Zo[94]l.), the honey buzzard. {Bee killer} (Zo[94]l.), a large two-winged fly of the family {Asilid[91]} (esp. {Trupanea apivora}) which feeds upon the honeybee. See {Robber fly}. {Bee louse} (Zo[94]l.), a minute, wingless, dipterous insect ({Braula c[91]ca}) parasitic on hive bees. {Bee martin} (Zo[94]l.), the kingbird ({Tyrannus Carolinensis}) which occasionally feeds on bees. {Bee moth} (Zo[94]l.), a moth ({Galleria cereana}) whose larv[91] feed on honeycomb, occasioning great damage in beehives. {Bee wolf} (Zo[94]l.), the larva of the bee beetle. See Illust. of {Bee beetle}. {To have a bee in the head} [or] {in the bonnet}. (a) To be choleric. [Obs.] (b) To be restless or uneasy. --B. Jonson. (c) To be full of fancies; to be a little crazy. [bd]She's whiles crack-brained, and has a bee in her head.[b8] --Sir W. Scott. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Honeybee \Hon"ey*bee`\, n. (Zo[94]l.) Any bee of the genus {Apis}, which lives in communities and collects honey, esp. the common domesticated hive bee ({Apis mellifica}), the Italian bee ({A. ligustica}), and the Arabiab bee ({A. fasciata}). The two latter are by many entomologists considered only varieties of the common hive bee. Each swarm of bees consists of a large number of workers (barren females), with, ordinarily, one queen or fertile female, but in the swarming season several young queens, and a number of males or drones, are produced. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Fighting \Fight"ing\, a. 1. Qualified for war; fit for battle. An host of fighting men. --2 Chron. xxvi. 11. 2. Occupied in war; being the scene of a battle; as, a fighting field. --Pope. {A fighting chance}, one dependent upon the issue of a struggle. [Colloq.] {Fighting crab} (Zo[94]l.), the fiddler crab. {Fighting fish} (Zo[94]l.), a remarkably pugnacious East Indian fish ({Betta pugnax}), reared by the Siamese for spectacular fish fights. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Obstetric \Ob*stet"ric\, Obstetrical \Ob*stet"ric*al\, a. [L. obstetricius, fr. obstetrix, -icis, a midwife, fr. obstare to stand before: cf.F. obst[82]trique. See {Obstacle}.] Of or pertaining to midwifery, or the delivery of women in childbed; as, the obstetric art. {Obstetrical toad} (Zo[94]l.), a European toad of the genus {Alytes}, especially {A. obstetricans}. The eggs are laid in a string which the male winds around his legs, and carries about until the young are hatched. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Maple \Ma"ple\, n. [AS. mapolder, mapulder, mapol; akin to Icel. m[94]purr; cf. OHG. mazzaltra, mazzoltra, G. massholder.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus {Acer}, including about fifty species. {A. saccharinum} is the rock maple, or sugar maple, from the sap of which sugar is made, in the United States, in great quantities, by evaporation; the red or swamp maple is {A. rubrum}; the silver maple, {A. dasycarpum}, having fruit wooly when young; the striped maple, {A. Pennsylvanium}, called also {moosewood}. The common maple of Europe is {A. campestre}, the sycamore maple is {A. Pseudo-platanus}, and the Norway maple is {A. platanoides}. Note: Maple is much used adjectively, or as the first part of a compound; as, maple tree, maple leaf, etc. {Bird's-eye maple}, {Curled maple}, varieties of the wood of the rock maple, in which a beautiful lustrous grain is produced by the sinuous course of the fibers. {Maple honey}, {Maple molasses}, [or] {Maple sirup}, maple sap boiled to the consistency of molasses. {Maple sugar}, sugar obtained from the sap of the sugar maple by evaporation. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abactinal \Ab*ac"ti*nal\ ([acr]b*[acr]k"t[icr]*n[ait]l), a. [L. ab + E. actinal.] (Zo[94]l.) Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal; -- opposed to {actinal}. [bd]The aboral or abactinal area.[b8] --L. Agassiz. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abaction \Ab*ac"tion\ ([acr]b*[acr]k"sh[ucr]n), n. Stealing cattle on a large scale. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abactor \Ab*ac"tor\ (-t[etil]r), n. [L., fr. abigere to drive away; ab + agere to drive.] (Law) One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abaist \A*baist"\ ([adot]*b[amac]st"), p. p. Abashed; confounded; discomfited. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abased \A*based"\ ([adot]*b[amac]st"), a. 1. Lowered; humbled. 2. (Her.) [F. abaiss[82].] Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards the point of the shield. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abase \A*base"\ ([adot]*b[amac]s"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Abased} ([adot]*b[amac]st"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Abasing}.] [F. abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare; ad + bassare, fr. bassus low. See {Base}, a.] 1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; as, to abase the eye. [Archaic] --Bacon. Saying so, he abased his lance. --Shelton. 2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade. Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. --Luke xiv. ll. Syn: To {Abase}, {Debase}, {Degrade}. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as, to abase the proud, to abase one's self before God. Debase has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, degraded by intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. [bd]Art is degraded when it is regarded only as a trade.[b8] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abasedly \A*bas"ed*ly\ ([adot]*b[amac]s"[ecr]d*l[ycr]), adv. Abjectly; downcastly. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abash \A*bash"\ ([adot]*b[acr]sh"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Abashed} ([adot]*b[acr]sht"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Abashing}.] [OE. abaissen, abaisshen, abashen, OF. esbahir, F. [82]bahir, to astonish, fr. L. ex + the interjection bah, expressing astonishment. In OE. somewhat confused with abase. Cf. {Finish}.] To destroy the self-possession of; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit. Abashed, the devil stood, And felt how awful goodness is. --Milton. He was a man whom no check could abash. --Macaulay. Syn: To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame. Usage: To {Abash}, Confuse, {Confound}. Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but not so strong as confound. We are abashed when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was abashed by the look of his Master. So a modest youth is abashed in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and self-possession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe cross-examination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We are confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually confounded at the discovery of his guilt. Satan stood Awhile as mute, confounded what to say. --Milton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abashedly \A*bash"ed*ly\ (-[ecr]d*l[ycr]), adv. In an abashed manner. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hoop \Hoop\, n. [OE. hope; akin to D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A pliant strip of wood or metal bent in a circular form, and united at the ends, for holding together the staves of casks, tubs, etc. 2. A ring; a circular band; anything resembling a hoop, as the cylinder (cheese hoop) in which the curd is pressed in making cheese. 3. A circle, or combination of circles, of thin whalebone, metal, or other elastic material, used for expanding the skirts of ladies' dresses; crinoline; -- used chiefly in the plural. Though stiff with hoops, and armed with ribs of whale. --Pope. 4. A quart pot; -- so called because originally bound with hoops, like a barrel. Also, a portion of the contents measured by the distance between the hoops. [Obs.] 5. An old measure of capacity, variously estimated at from one to four pecks. [Eng.] --Halliwell. {Bulge hoop}, {Chine hoop}, {Quarter hoop}, the hoop nearest the middle of a cask, that nearest the end, and the intermediate hoop between these two, respectively. {Flat hoop}, a wooden hoop dressed flat on both sides. {Half-round hoop}, a wooden hoop left rounding and undressed on the outside. {Hoop iron}, iron in thin narrow strips, used for making hoops. {Hoop lock}, the fastening for uniting the ends of wooden hoops by notching and interlocking them. {Hoop skirt}, a framework of hoops for expanding the skirts of a woman's dress; -- called also {hoop petticoat}. {Hoop snake} (Zo[94]l.), a harmless snake of the Southern United States ({Abaster erythrogrammus}); -- so called from the mistaken notion that it curves itself into a hoop, taking its tail into its mouth, and rolls along with great velocity. {Hoop tree} (Bot.), a small West Indian tree ({Melia sempervirens}), of the Mahogany family. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abecedarian \A`be*ce*da"ri*an\, n. [L. abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.] 1. One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro. 2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet. --Wood. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abecedarian \A`be*ce*da"ri*an\, Abecedary \A`be*ce"da*ry\, a. Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. {Abecedarian psalms}, {hymns}, etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abecedarian \A`be*ce*da"ri*an\, Abecedary \A`be*ce"da*ry\, a. Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. {Abecedarian psalms}, {hymns}, etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abecedarian \A`be*ce*da"ri*an\, Abecedary \A`be*ce"da*ry\, a. Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. {Abecedarian psalms}, {hymns}, etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abecedary \A`be*ce"da*ry\, n. A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything. [R.] --Fuller. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abjudge \Ab*judge"\, v. t. [Pref. ab- + judge, v. Cf. {Abjudicate}.] To take away by judicial decision. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abjudicate \Ab*ju"di*cate\, v. t. [L. abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab + judicare. See {Judge}, and cf. {Abjudge}.] To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge. [Obs.] --Ash. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abjudication \Ab*ju`di*ca"tion\, n. Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.] --Knowles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aby \A*by"\, Abye \A*bye"\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Abought}.] [AS. [be]bycgan to pay for; pref. [be]- (cf. Goth. us-, Ger. er-, orig. meaning out) + bycgan to buy. See {Buy}, and cf. {Abide}.] 1. To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give satisfaction. [Obs.] Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear. --Shak. 2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.] But nought that wanteth rest can long aby. --Spenser. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abought \A*bought"\, imp. & p. p. of {Aby}. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Absquatulate \Ab*squat"u*late\, v. i. To take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U. S.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstain \Ab*stain"\, v. t. To hinder; to withhold. Whether he abstain men from marrying. --Milton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstain \Ab*stain"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Abstained}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Abstaining}.] [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir, F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See {Tenable}.] To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with from. Not a few abstained from voting. --Macaulay. Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt? --Shak. Syn: To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstain \Ab*stain"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Abstained}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Abstaining}.] [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir, F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See {Tenable}.] To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with from. Not a few abstained from voting. --Macaulay. Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt? --Shak. Syn: To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstainer \Ab*stain"er\, n. One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstain \Ab*stain"\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Abstained}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Abstaining}.] [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir, F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See {Tenable}.] To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; -- with from. Not a few abstained from voting. --Macaulay. Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt? --Shak. Syn: To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstemious \Ab*ste"mi*ous\, a. [L. abstemius; ab, abs + root of temetum intoxicating drink.] 1. Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin sense.] Under his special eye Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain. --Milton. 2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions. Instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstemious. --Arbuthnot. 3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; as, an abstemious diet. --Gibbon. 4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an abstemious life. [bd]One abstemious day.[b8] --Pope. 5. Promotive of abstemiousness. [R.] Such is the virtue of the abstemious well. --Dryden. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstemiousness \Ab*ste"mi*ous*ness\, n. The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than temperance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstention \Ab*sten"tion\, a. [F. See {Abstain}.] The act of abstaining; a holding aloof. --Jer. Taylor. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstentious \Ab*sten"tious\, a. Characterized by abstinence; self-restraining. --Farrar. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Absterge \Ab*sterge\, v. t. [L. abstergere, abstersum; ab, abs + tergere to wipe. Cf. F absterger.] To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge. [R.] --Quincy. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstergent \Ab*ster"gent\, a. [L. abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.] Serving to cleanse, detergent. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstergent \Ab*ster"gent\, n. A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an abstergent. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Absterse \Ab*sterse"\, v. t. To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.] --Sir T. Browne. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstersion \Ab*ster"sion\, n. [F. abstersion. See {Absterge}.] Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging. The task of ablution and abstersion being performed. --Sir W. Scott. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstersive \Ab*ster"sive\, n. Something cleansing. The strong abstersive of some heroic magistrate. --Milton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstersive \Ab*ster"sive\, a. [Cf. F. abstersif. See {Absterge}.] Cleansing; purging. --Bacon. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstersiveness \Ab*ster"sive*ness\, n. The quality of being abstersive. --Fuller. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstinence \Ab"sti*nence\, n. [F. abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr. abstinere. See {Abstain}.] 1. The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, -- called also {total abstinence}. The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one. --Locke. 2. The practice of self-denial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat. Penance, fasts, and abstinence, To punish bodies for the soul's offense. --Dryden. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstinency \Ab"sti*nen*cy\, n. Abstinence. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstinent \Ab"sti*nent\, a. [F. abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of abstinere. See {Abstain}.] Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate. --Beau. & Fl. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstinent \Ab"sti*nent\, n. 1. One who abstains. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstinently \Ab"sti*nent*ly\, adv. With abstinence. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstorted \Ab*stort"ed\, a. [As if fr. abstort, fr. L. ab, abs + tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist.] Wrested away. [Obs.] --Bailey. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab"stract`\ (#; 277), a. [L. abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw. See {Trace}.] 1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.] The more abstract . . . we are from the body. --Norris. 2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; existing in the mind only; as, abstract truth, abstract numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult. 3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to {concrete}; as, honesty is an abstract word. --J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; as, [bd]reptile[b8] is an abstract or general name. --Locke. A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression [bd]abstract name[b8] to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes. --J. S. Mill. 4. Abstracted; absent in mind. [bd]Abstract, as in a trance.[b8] --Milton. {An abstract idea} (Metaph.), an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure. {Abstract terms}, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. {Abstract numbers} (Math.), numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. {Abstract} [or] {Pure mathematics}. See {Mathematics}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab*stract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Abstracted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Abstracting}.] [See {Abstract}, a.] 1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away. He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices. --Sir W. Scott. 2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention; as, his was wholly abstracted by other objects. The young stranger had been abstracted and silent. --Blackw. Mag. 3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute. --Whately. 4. To epitomize; to abridge. --Franklin. 5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a till. Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness. --W. Black. 6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now more generally used. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab*stract"\, v. t. To perform the process of abstraction. [R.] I own myself able to abstract in one sense. --Berkeley. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab"stract`\, n. [See {Abstract}, a.] 1. That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief. An abstract of every treatise he had read. --Watts. Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled. --Ford. 2. A state of separation from other things; as, to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from other associated things. 3. An abstract term. The concretes [bd]father[b8] and [bd]son[b8] have, or might have, the abstracts [bd]paternity[b8] and [bd]filiety.[b8] --J. S. Mill. 4. (Med.) A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance. {Abstract of title} (Law), an epitome of the evidences of ownership. Syn: Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See {Abridgment}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Idea \I*de"a\, n.; pl. {Ideas}. [L. idea, Gr. [?], fr. [?] to see; akin to E. wit: cf. F. id[82]e. See {Wit}.] 1. The transcript, image, or picture of a visible object, that is formed by the mind; also, a similar image of any object whatever, whether sensible or spiritual. Her sweet idea wandered through his thoughts. --Fairfax. Being the right idea of your father Both in your form and nobleness of mind. --Shak. This representation or likeness of the object being transmitted from thence [the senses] to the imagination, and lodged there for the view and observation of the pure intellect, is aptly and properly called its idea. --P. Browne. 2. A general notion, or a conception formed by generalization. Alice had not the slightest idea what latitude was. --L. Caroll. 3. Hence: Any object apprehended, conceived, or thought of, by the mind; a notion, conception, or thought; the real object that is conceived or thought of. Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or as the immediate object of perception, thought, or undersanding, that I call idea. --Locke. 4. A belief, option, or doctrine; a characteristic or controlling principle; as, an essential idea; the idea of development. That fellow seems to me to possess but one idea, and that is a wrong one. --Johnson. What is now [bd]idea[b8] for us? How infinite the fall of this word, since the time where Milton sang of the Creator contemplating his newly-created world, - [bd]how it showed . . . Answering his great idea,[b8] - to its present use, when this person [bd]has an idea that the train has started,[b8] and the other [bd]had no idea that the dinner would be so bad![b8] --Trench. 5. A plan or purpose of action; intention; design. I shortly afterwards set off for that capital, with an idea of undertaking while there the translation of the work. --W. Irving. 6. A rational conception; the complete conception of an object when thought of in all its essential elements or constituents; the necessary metaphysical or constituent attributes and relations, when conceived in the abstract. 7. A fiction object or picture created by the imagination; the same when proposed as a pattern to be copied, or a standard to be reached; one of the archetypes or patterns of created things, conceived by the Platonists to have excited objectively from eternity in the mind of the Deity. Thence to behold this new-created world, The addition of his empire, how it showed In prospect from his throne, how good, how fair, Answering his great idea. --Milton. Note: [bd]In England, Locke may be said to have been the first who naturalized the term in its Cartesian universality. When, in common language, employed by Milton and Dryden, after Descartes, as before him by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Hooker, etc., the meaning is Platonic.[b8] --Sir W. Hamilton. {Abstract idea}, {Association of ideas}, etc. See under {Abstract}, {Association}, etc. Syn: Notion; conception; thought; sentiment; fancy; image; perception; impression; opinion; belief; observation; judgment; consideration; view; design; intention; purpose; plan; model; pattern. There is scarcely any other word which is subjected to such abusive treatment as is the word idea, in the very general and indiscriminative way in which it is employed, as it is used variously to signify almost any act, state, or content of thought. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Number \Num"ber\, n. [OE. nombre, F. nombre, L. numerus; akin to Gr. [?] that which is dealt out, fr. [?] to deal out, distribute. See {Numb}, {Nomad}, and cf. {Numerate}, {Numero}, {Numerous}.] 1. That which admits of being counted or reckoned; a unit, or an aggregate of units; a numerable aggregate or collection of individuals; an assemblage made up of distinct things expressible by figures. 2. A collection of many individuals; a numerous assemblage; a multitude; many. Ladies are always of great use to the party they espouse, and never fail to win over numbers. --Addison. 3. A numeral; a word or character denoting a number; as, to put a number on a door. 4. Numerousness; multitude. Number itself importeth not much in armies where the people are of weak courage. --Bacon. 5. The state or quality of being numerable or countable. Of whom came nations, tribes, people, and kindreds out of number. --2 Esdras iii. 7. 6. Quantity, regarded as made up of an aggregate of separate things. 7. That which is regulated by count; poetic measure, as divisions of time or number of syllables; hence, poetry, verse; -- chiefly used in the plural. I lisped in numbers, for the numbers came. --Pope. 8. (Gram.) The distinction of objects, as one, or more than one (in some languages, as one, or two, or more than two), expressed (usually) by a difference in the form of a word; thus, the singular number and the plural number are the names of the forms of a word indicating the objects denoted or referred to by the word as one, or as more than one. 9. (Math.) The measure of the relation between quantities or things of the same kind; that abstract species of quantity which is capable of being expressed by figures; numerical value. {Abstract number}, {Abundant number}, {Cardinal number}, etc. See under {Abstract}, {Abundant}, etc. {In numbers}, in numbered parts; as, a book published in numbers. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab"stract`\ (#; 277), a. [L. abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw. See {Trace}.] 1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.] The more abstract . . . we are from the body. --Norris. 2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; existing in the mind only; as, abstract truth, abstract numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult. 3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to {concrete}; as, honesty is an abstract word. --J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; as, [bd]reptile[b8] is an abstract or general name. --Locke. A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression [bd]abstract name[b8] to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes. --J. S. Mill. 4. Abstracted; absent in mind. [bd]Abstract, as in a trance.[b8] --Milton. {An abstract idea} (Metaph.), an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure. {Abstract terms}, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. {Abstract numbers} (Math.), numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. {Abstract} [or] {Pure mathematics}. See {Mathematics}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab"stract`\, n. [See {Abstract}, a.] 1. That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief. An abstract of every treatise he had read. --Watts. Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled. --Ford. 2. A state of separation from other things; as, to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from other associated things. 3. An abstract term. The concretes [bd]father[b8] and [bd]son[b8] have, or might have, the abstracts [bd]paternity[b8] and [bd]filiety.[b8] --J. S. Mill. 4. (Med.) A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance. {Abstract of title} (Law), an epitome of the evidences of ownership. Syn: Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See {Abridgment}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab"stract`\ (#; 277), a. [L. abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw. See {Trace}.] 1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.] The more abstract . . . we are from the body. --Norris. 2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; existing in the mind only; as, abstract truth, abstract numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult. 3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; -- opposed to {concrete}; as, honesty is an abstract word. --J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; as, [bd]reptile[b8] is an abstract or general name. --Locke. A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression [bd]abstract name[b8] to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes. --J. S. Mill. 4. Abstracted; absent in mind. [bd]Abstract, as in a trance.[b8] --Milton. {An abstract idea} (Metaph.), an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure. {Abstract terms}, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. {Abstract numbers} (Math.), numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. {Abstract} [or] {Pure mathematics}. See {Mathematics}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Unit \U"nit\, n. [Abbrev. from unity.] 1. A single thing or person. 2. (Arith.) The least whole number; one. Units are the integral parts of any large number. --I. Watts. 3. A gold coin of the reign of James I., of the value of twenty shillings. --Camden. 4. Any determinate amount or quantity (as of length, time, heat, value) adopted as a standard of measurement for other amounts or quantities of the same kind. 5. (Math.) A single thing, as a magnitude or number, regarded as an undivided whole. {Abstract unit}, the unit of numeration; one taken in the abstract; the number represented by 1. The term is used in distinction from concrete, or determinate, unit, that is, a unit in which the kind of thing is expressed; a unit of measure or value; as 1 foot, 1 dollar, 1 pound, and the like. {Complex unit} (Theory of Numbers), an imaginary number of the form a + broot{-1}, when a^{2} + b^{2} = 1. {Duodecimal unit}, a unit in the scale of numbers increasing or decreasing by twelves. {Fractional unit}, the unit of a fraction; the reciprocal of the denominator; thus, [frac14] is the unit of the fraction [frac34]. {Integral unit}, the unit of integral numbers, or 1. {Physical unit}, a value or magnitude conventionally adopted as a unit or standard in physical measurements. The various physical units are usually based on given units of length, mass, and time, and on the density or other properties of some substance, for example, water. See {Dyne}, {Erg}, {Farad}, {Ohm}, {Poundal}, etc. {Unit deme} (Biol.), a unit of the inferior order or orders of individuality. {Unit jar} (Elec.), a small, insulated Leyden jar, placed between the electrical machine and a larger jar or battery, so as to announce, by its repeated discharges, the amount of electricity passed into the larger jar. {Unit of heat} (Physics), a determinate quantity of heat adopted as a unit of measure; a thermal unit (see under {Thermal}). Water is the substance generally employed, the unit being one gram or one pound, and the temperature interval one degree of the Centigrade or Fahrenheit scale. When referred to the gram, it is called the gram degree. The British unit of heat, or thermal unit, used by engineers in England and in the United States, is the quantity of heat necessary to raise one pound of pure water at and near its temperature of greatest density (39.1[deg] Fahr.) through one degree of the Fahrenheit scale. --Rankine. {Unit of illumination}, the light of a sperm candle burning 120 grains per hour. Standard gas, burning at the rate of five cubic feet per hour, must have an illuminating power equal to that of fourteen such candles. {Unit of measure} (as of length, surface, volume, dry measure, liquid measure, money, weight, time, and the like), in general, a determinate quantity or magnitude of the kind designated, taken as a standard of comparison for others of the same kind, in assigning to them numerical values, as 1 foot, 1 yard, 1 mile, 1 square foot, 1 square yard, 1 cubic foot, 1 peck, 1 bushel, 1 gallon, 1 cent, 1 ounce, 1 pound, 1 hour, and the like; more specifically, the fundamental unit adopted in any system of weights, measures, or money, by which its several denominations are regulated, and which is itself defined by comparison with some known magnitude, either natural or empirical, as, in the United States, the dollar for money, the pound avoirdupois for weight, the yard for length, the gallon of 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of water at 39.8[deg] Fahr. (about 231 cubic inches) for liquid measure, etc.; in Great Britain, the pound sterling, the pound troy, the yard, or [frac1x108719] part of the length of a second's pendulum at London, the gallon of 277.274 cubic inches, etc.; in the metric system, the meter, the liter, the gram, etc. {Unit of power}. (Mach.) See {Horse power}. {Unit of resistance}. (Elec.) See {Resistance}, n., 4, and {Ohm}. {Unit of work} (Physics), the amount of work done by a unit force acting through a unit distance, or the amount required to lift a unit weight through a unit distance against gravitation. See {Erg}, {Foot Pound}, {Kilogrammeter}. {Unit stress} (Mech. Physics), stress per unit of area; intensity of stress. It is expressed in ounces, pounds, tons, etc., per square inch, square foot, or square yard, etc., or in atmospheres, or inches of mercury or water, or the like. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab*stract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Abstracted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Abstracting}.] [See {Abstract}, a.] 1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away. He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices. --Sir W. Scott. 2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention; as, his was wholly abstracted by other objects. The young stranger had been abstracted and silent. --Blackw. Mag. 3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute. --Whately. 4. To epitomize; to abridge. --Franklin. 5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a till. Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness. --W. Black. 6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now more generally used. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstracted \Ab*stract"ed\, a. 1. Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart. The evil abstracted stood from his own evil. --Milton. 2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal. [Obs.] 3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult. [Obs.] --Johnson. 4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind. [bd]An abstracted scholar.[b8] --Johnson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractedly \Ab*stract"ed*ly\, adv. In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractedness \Ab*stract"ed*ness\, n. The state of being abstracted; abstract character. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstracter \Ab*stract"er\, n. One who abstracts, or makes an abstract. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstract \Ab*stract"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Abstracted}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Abstracting}.] [See {Abstract}, a.] 1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away. He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices. --Sir W. Scott. 2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention; as, his was wholly abstracted by other objects. The young stranger had been abstracted and silent. --Blackw. Mag. 3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute. --Whately. 4. To epitomize; to abridge. --Franklin. 5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a till. Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness. --W. Black. 6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now more generally used. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstraction \Ab*strac"tion\, n. [Cf. F. abstraction. See {Abstract}, a.] 1. The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn; withdrawal. A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the community. --J. S. Mill. 2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called abstraction. So, also, when it considers whiteness, softness, virtue, existence, as separate from any particular objects. Note: Abstraction is necessary to classification, by which things are arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body. Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention. --Sir W. Hamilton. 3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature; as, to fight for mere abstractions. 4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a hermit's abstraction. 5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects. 6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining. [Modern] 7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation. --Nicholson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractional \Ab*strac"tion*al\, a. Pertaining to abstraction. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractionist \Ab*strac"tion*ist\, n. An idealist. --Emerson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractitious \Ab`strac*ti"tious\, a. Obtained from plants by distillation. [Obs.] --Crabb. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractive \Ab*strac"tive\, a. [Cf. F. abstractif.] Having the power of abstracting; of an abstracting nature. [bd]The abstractive faculty.[b8] --I. Taylor. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractively \Ab*strac"tive*ly\, adv. In a abstract manner; separately; in or by itself. --Feltham. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractiveness \Ab*strac"tive*ness\, n. The quality of being abstractive; abstractive property. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractly \Ab"stract`ly\ (#; 277), adv. In an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself; as, matter abstractly considered. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstractness \Ab"stract`ness\, n. The quality of being abstract. [bd]The abstractness of the ideas.[b8] --Locke. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstringe \Ab*stringe"\, v. t. [L ab + stringere, strictum, to press together.] To unbind. [Obs.] --Bailey. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstrude \Ab*strude"\, v. t. [L. abstrudere. See {Abstruse}.] To thrust away. [Obs.] --Johnson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstruse \Ab*struse"\, a. [L. abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust; cf. F. abstrus. See {Threat}.] 1. Concealed or hidden out of the way. [Obs.] The eternal eye whose sight discerns Abstrusest thoughts. --Milton. 2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; recondite; as, abstruse learning. Profound and abstruse topics. --Milman. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstrusely \Ab*struse"ly\, adv. In an abstruse manner. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstruseness \Ab*struse"ness\, n. The quality of being abstruse; difficulty of apprehension. --Boyle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstrusion \Ab*stru"sion\, n. [L. abstrusio. See {Abstruse}.] The act of thrusting away. [R.] --Ogilvie. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abstrusity \Ab*stru"si*ty\, n. Abstruseness; that which is abstruse. [R.] --Sir T. Browne. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Abuse \A*buse"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Abused}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Abusing}.] [F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to use. See {Use}.] 1. To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse one's authority. This principle (if one may so abuse the word) shoots rapidly into popularity. --Froude. 2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's patience. 3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage. The . . . tellers of news abused the general. --Macaulay. 4. To dishonor. [bd]Shall flight abuse your name?[b8] --Shak. 5. To violate; to ravish. --Spenser. 6. To deceive; to impose on. [Obs.] Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and abused by a double object. --Jer. Taylor. Syn: To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affect \Af*fect"\ ([acr]f*f[ecr]kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Affected}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Affecting}.] [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere. See {Fact}.] 1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon. As might affect the earth with cold heat. --Milton. The climate affected their health and spirits. --Macaulay. 2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch. A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles. --Burke. 3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.] As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. --Fuller. 4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually. For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for it, indeed. --Shak. Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. --Hazlitt. 5. To dispose or incline. Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. --Milton. 6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.] This proud man affects imperial [?]way. --Dryden. 7. To tend to by affinity or disposition. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. --Newton. 8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance. Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. --Congreve. Thou dost affect my manners. --Shak. 9. To assign; to appoint. [R.] One of the domestics was affected to his special service. --Thackeray. Syn: To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affect \Af*fect"\, n. [L. affectus.] Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition. [Obs.] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affect \Af*fect"\, n. (Psychotherapy) The emotional complex associated with an idea or mental state. In hysteria, the affect is sometimes entirely dissociated, sometimes transferred to another than the original idea. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectation \Af`fec*ta"tion\, n. [L. affectatio: cf. F. affectation.] 1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show. [bd]An affectation of contempt.[b8] --Macaulay. Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural. --Locke. 2. A striving after. [Obs.] --Bp. Pearson. 3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.] --Hooker. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectationist \Af`fec*ta"tion*ist\, n. One who exhibits affectation. [R.] --Fitzed. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affect \Af*fect"\ ([acr]f*f[ecr]kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Affected}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Affecting}.] [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere. See {Fact}.] 1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon. As might affect the earth with cold heat. --Milton. The climate affected their health and spirits. --Macaulay. 2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch. A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles. --Burke. 3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.] As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. --Fuller. 4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually. For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for it, indeed. --Shak. Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. --Hazlitt. 5. To dispose or incline. Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. --Milton. 6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.] This proud man affects imperial [?]way. --Dryden. 7. To tend to by affinity or disposition. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. --Newton. 8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance. Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. --Congreve. Thou dost affect my manners. --Shak. 9. To assign; to appoint. [R.] One of the domestics was affected to his special service. --Thackeray. Syn: To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affected \Af*fect"ed\ ([acr]f*f[ecr]kt"[ecr]d), p. p. & a. 1. Regarded with affection; beloved. [Obs.] His affected Hercules. --Chapman. 2. Inclined; disposed; attached. How stand you affected to his wish? --Shak. 3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to possess what is not natural or real. He is . . . too spruce, too affected, too odd. --Shak. 4. Assumed artificially; not natural. Affected coldness and indifference. --Addison. 5. (Alg.) Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an affected equation. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectedly \Af*fect"ed*ly\, adv. 1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality. 2. Lovingly; with tender care. [Obs.] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectedness \Af*fect"ed*ness\, n. Affectation. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affecter \Af*fect"er\, n. One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after. [bd]Affecters of wit.[b8] --Abp. Secker. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectibility \Af*fect`i*bil"i*ty\, n. The quality or state of being affectible. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectible \Af*fect"i*ble\, a. That may be affected. [R.] Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become affectible. --Coleridge. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affect \Af*fect"\ ([acr]f*f[ecr]kt"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Affected}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Affecting}.] [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere. See {Fact}.] 1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon. As might affect the earth with cold heat. --Milton. The climate affected their health and spirits. --Macaulay. 2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch. A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles. --Burke. 3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.] As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. --Fuller. 4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually. For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for it, indeed. --Shak. Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. --Hazlitt. 5. To dispose or incline. Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. --Milton. 6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.] This proud man affects imperial [?]way. --Dryden. 7. To tend to by affinity or disposition. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. --Newton. 8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance. Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. --Congreve. Thou dost affect my manners. --Shak. 9. To assign; to appoint. [R.] One of the domestics was affected to his special service. --Thackeray. Syn: To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affecting \Af*fect"ing\, a. 1. Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; as, an affecting address; an affecting sight. The most affecting music is generally the most simple. --Mitford. 2. Affected; given to false show. [Obs.] A drawling; affecting rouge. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectingly \Af*fect"ing*ly\, adv. In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affection \Af*fec"tion\, n. [F. affection, L. affectio, fr. afficere. See {Affect}.] 1. The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected. 2. An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc., are affections of bodies. [bd]The affections of quantity.[b8] --Boyle. And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less, An old and strange affection of the house. --Tennyson. 3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude, etc.; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency. Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. --Cogan. 4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; -- often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children. All his affections are set on his own country. --Macaulay. 5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.] --Bp. Aylmer. 6. (Med.) Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection. --Dunglison. 7. The lively representation of any emotion. --Wotton. 8. Affectation. [Obs.] [bd]Spruce affection.[b8] --Shak. 9. Passion; violent emotion. [Obs.] Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. --Spenser. Syn: Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See {Attachment}; {Disease}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectional \Af*fec"tion*al\, a. Of or pertaining to the affections; as, affectional impulses; an affectional nature. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectionate \Af*fec"tion*ate\, a. [Cf. F. affectionn[82].] 1. Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an affectionate brother. 2. Kindly inclined; zealous. [Obs.] --Johson. Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate. --Sprat. 3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; affectionate countenance, message, language. 4. Strongly inclined; -- with to. [Obs.] --Bacon. Syn: Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectionated \Af*fec"tion*a`ted\, a. Disposed; inclined. [Obs.] Affectionated to the people. --Holinshed. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectionately \Af*fec"tion*ate*ly\, adv. With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectionateness \Af*fec"tion*ate*ness\, n. The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectioned \Af*fec"tioned\, a. 1. Disposed. [Archaic] Be kindly affectioned one to another. --Rom. xii. 10. 2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affective \Af*fec"tive\, a. [Cf. F. affectif.] 1. Tending to affect; affecting. [Obs.] --Burnet. 2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional. --Rogers. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectively \Af*fec"tive*ly\, adv. In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectuous \Af*fec"tu*ous\ (?; 135), a. [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See {Affect}.] Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] -- {Af*fec"tu*ous*ly}, adv. [Obs.] --Fabyan. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affectuous \Af*fec"tu*ous\ (?; 135), a. [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See {Affect}.] Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] -- {Af*fec"tu*ous*ly}, adv. [Obs.] --Fabyan. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affix \Af*fix"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Affixed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Affixing}.] [LL. affixare, L. affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to; ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F. afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See {Fix}.] 1. To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument; to affix one's name to a writing. 2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically. Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food. --Ray. 3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix ridicule or blame to any one. 4. To fix or fasten figuratively; -- with on or upon; as, eyes affixed upon the ground. [Obs.] --Spenser. Syn: To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affixture \Af*fix"ture\ (?; 135), n. The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Affuse \Af*fuse"\ ([acr]f*f[umac]z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Affused} (-f[umac]zd"); p. pr. & vb. n. {Affusing}.] [L. affusus, p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See {Fuse}.] To pour out or upon. [R.] I first affused water upon the compressed beans. --Boyle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apiked \A*pik"ed\, a. Trimmed. [Obs.] Full fresh and new here gear apiked was. --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Groundnut \Ground"nut`\ (-n[ucr]t`), n. (Bot.) (a) The fruit of the {Arachis hypog[91]a} (native country uncertain); the peanut; the earthnut. (b) A leguminous, twining plant ({Apios tuberosa}), producing clusters of dark purple flowers and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste. (c) The dwarf ginseng ({Aralia trifolia}). [U. S.] --Gray. (d) A European plant of the genus {Bunium} ({B. flexuosum}), having an edible root of a globular shape and sweet, aromatic taste; -- called also {earthnut}, {earth chestnut}, {hawknut}, and {pignut}. [1913 Webster] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apocodeine \Ap`o*co*de"ine\, n. [Pref. apo- + codeine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid, [?], prepared from codeine. In its effects it resembles apomorphine. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apogeotropic \Ap`o*ge`o*trop"ic\, a. [Pref. apo- + Gr. [?] earth + [?] turning.] (Bot.) Bending away from the ground; -- said of leaves, etc. --Darwin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apogeotropism \Ap"o*ge*ot"ro*pism\, n. The apogeotropic tendency of some leaves, and other parts. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apositic \Ap`o*sit"ic\, a. [Gr. [?]; [?] from + [?] food.] (Med.) Destroying the appetite, or suspending hunger. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostasy \A*pos"ta*sy\, n.; pl. {Apostasies}. [OE. apostasie, F. apostasie, L. apostasia, fr. Gr. [?] a standing off from, a defection, fr. [?] to stand off, revolt; [?] from + [?] to stand. See {Off} and {Stand}.] An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's apostasy from Christianity. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostasy \A*pos"ta*sy\, n.; pl. {Apostasies}. [OE. apostasie, F. apostasie, L. apostasia, fr. Gr. [?] a standing off from, a defection, fr. [?] to stand off, revolt; [?] from + [?] to stand. See {Off} and {Stand}.] An abandonment of what one has voluntarily professed; a total desertion of departure from one's faith, principles, or party; esp., the renunciation of a religious faith; as, Julian's apostasy from Christianity. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostate \A*pos"tate\, n. [L. apostata, Gr. [?], fr. [?]. See {Apostasy}.] 1. One who has forsaken the faith, principles, or party, to which he before adhered; esp., one who has forsaken his religion for another; a pervert; a renegade. 2. (R. C. Ch.) One who, after having received sacred orders, renounces his clerical profession. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostate \A*pos"tate\, a. Pertaining to, or characterized by, apostasy; faithless to moral allegiance; renegade. So spake the apostate angel. --Milton. A wretched and apostate state. --Steele. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostate \A*pos"tate\, v. i. [L. apostatare.] To apostatize. [Obs.] We are not of them which apostate from Christ. --Bp. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostatic \Ap`o*stat"ic\, a. [L. apostaticus, Gr. [?].] Apostatical. [R.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostatical \Ap`o*stat"ic*al\, a. Apostate. An heretical and apostatical church. --Bp. Hall. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostatize \A*pos"ta*tize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Apostatized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Apostatizing}.] [LL. apostatizare.] To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered. He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in [?]emblances. --Carlyle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostatize \A*pos"ta*tize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Apostatized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Apostatizing}.] [LL. apostatizare.] To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered. He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in [?]emblances. --Carlyle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostatize \A*pos"ta*tize\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Apostatized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Apostatizing}.] [LL. apostatizare.] To renounce totally a religious belief once professed; to forsake one's church, the faith or principles once held, or the party to which one has previously adhered. He apostatized from his old faith in facts, took to believing in [?]emblances. --Carlyle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostemate \A*pos"te*mate\, v. i. [See {Aposteme}.] To form an abscess; to swell and fill with pus. --Wiseman. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostemation \A*pos`te*ma"tion\, n. [LL. apostematio: cf. F. apost[82]mation.] (Med.) The formation of an aposteme; the process of suppuration. [Written corruptly {imposthumation}.] --Wiseman. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostematous \Ap`os*tem"a*tous\, a. Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature of, an aposteme. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aposteme \Ap"os*teme\, n. [L. apostema, Gr. [?] the separation of corrupt matter into an ulcer, fr. [?] to stand off: cf. F. apost[8a]me. See {Apostasy}.] (Med.) An abscess; a swelling filled with purulent matter. [Written corruptly {imposthume}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostil \A*pos"til\, Apostille \A*pos"tille\, n. [F. apostille. See {Postil}.] A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation. --Motley. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostil \A*pos"til\, Apostille \A*pos"tille\, n. [F. apostille. See {Postil}.] A marginal note on a letter or other paper; an annotation. --Motley. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostle \A*pos"tle\, n. [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. [?] messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. [?] to send off or away; [?] from + [?] to send; akin to G. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. ap[93]tre, Of. apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.] 1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel. He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles. --Luke vi. 13. Note: The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, [bd]Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ.[b8] --1 Cor. i. 1. In --Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called apostles --(Rom. xvi. 7). 2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the apostle of temperance. 3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law) A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts. --Wharton. Burrill. {Apostles' creed}, a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century. {Apostle spoon} (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. --B. Jonson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostle \A*pos"tle\, n. [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. [?] messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. [?] to send off or away; [?] from + [?] to send; akin to G. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. ap[93]tre, Of. apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.] 1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel. He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles. --Luke vi. 13. Note: The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, [bd]Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ.[b8] --1 Cor. i. 1. In --Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called apostles --(Rom. xvi. 7). 2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the apostle of temperance. 3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law) A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts. --Wharton. Burrill. {Apostles' creed}, a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century. {Apostle spoon} (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. --B. Jonson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostle \A*pos"tle\, n. [OE. apostle, apostel, postle, AS. apostol, L. apostolus, fr. Gr. [?] messenger, one sent forth or away, fr. [?] to send off or away; [?] from + [?] to send; akin to G. stellen to set, E. stall: cf. F. ap[93]tre, Of. apostre, apostle, apostele, apostole.] 1. Literally: One sent forth; a messenger. Specifically: One of the twelve disciples of Christ, specially chosen as his companions and witnesses, and sent forth to preach the gospel. He called unto him his disciples, and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles. --Luke vi. 13. Note: The title of apostle is also applied to others, who, though not of the number of the Twelve, yet were equal with them in office and dignity; as, [bd]Paul, called to be an apostle of Jesus Christ.[b8] --1 Cor. i. 1. In --Heb. iii. 1, the name is given to Christ himself, as having been sent from heaven to publish the gospel. In the primitive church, other ministers were called apostles --(Rom. xvi. 7). 2. The missionary who first plants the Christian faith in any part of the world; also, one who initiates any great moral reform, or first advocates any important belief; one who has extraordinary success as a missionary or reformer; as, Dionysius of Corinth is called the apostle of France, John Eliot the apostle to the Indians, Theobald Mathew the apostle of temperance. 3. (Civ. & Admiralty Law) A brief letter dimissory sent by a court appealed from to the superior court, stating the case, etc.; a paper sent up on appeals in the admiralty courts. --Wharton. Burrill. {Apostles' creed}, a creed of unknown origin, which was formerly ascribed to the apostles. It certainly dates back to the beginning of the sixth century, and some assert that it can be found in the writings of Ambrose in the fourth century. {Apostle spoon} (Antiq.), a spoon of silver, with the handle terminating in the figure of an apostle. One or more were offered by sponsors at baptism as a present to the godchild. --B. Jonson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Creed \Creed\ (kr[emac]d), n. [OE. credo, crede, AS. creda, fr. L. credo I believe, at the beginning of the Apostles' creed, fr. credere to believe; akin to OIr. cretim I believe, and Skr. [cced]raddadh[amac]mi; [cced]rat trust + dh[amac] to put. See {Do}, v. t., and cf. {Credo}, {Grant}.] 1. A definite summary of what is believed; esp., a summary of the articles of Christian faith; a confession of faith for public use; esp., one which is brief and comprehensive. In the Protestant system the creed is not co[94]rdinate with, but always subordinate to, the Bible. --Schaff-Herzog Encyc. 2. Any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to. I love him not, nor fear him; there's my creed. --Shak. {Apostles' creed}, {Athanasian creed}, {Nicene creed}. See under {Apostle}, {Athanasian}, {Nicene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostleship \A*pos"tle*ship\, n. The office or dignity of an apostle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolate \A*pos"to*late\, n. [L. apostolatus, fr. apostolus. See {Apostle}.] 1. The dignity, office, or mission, of an apostle; apostleship. Judas had miscarried and lost his apostolate. --Jer. Taylor. 2. The dignity or office of the pope, as the holder of the apostolic see. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, n. [L. apostolicus.] (Eccl. Hist.) A member of one of certain ascetic sects which at various times professed to imitate the practice of the apostles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Church \Church\, n. [OE. chirche, chireche, cherche, Scot. kirk, from AS. circe, cyrice; akin to D. kerk, Icel. kirkja, Sw. kyrka, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, OHG. chirihha; all fr. Gr. [?] the Lord's house, fr. [?] concerning a master or lord, fr. [?] master, lord, fr. [?] power, might; akin to Skr. [87][d4]ra hero, Zend. [87]ura strong, OIr. caur, cur, hero. Cf. {Kirk}.] 1. A building set apart for Christian worship. 2. A Jewish or heathen temple. [Obs.] --Acts xix. 37. 3. A formally organized body of Christian believers worshiping together. [bd]When they had ordained them elders in every church.[b8] --Acts xiv. 23. 4. A body of Christian believers, holding the same creed, observing the same rites, and acknowledging the same ecclesiastical authority; a denomination; as, the Roman Catholic church; the Presbyterian church. 5. The collective body of Christians. 6. Any body of worshipers; as, the Jewish church; the church of Brahm. 7. The aggregate of religious influences in a community; ecclesiastical influence, authority, etc.; as, to array the power of the church against some moral evil. Remember that both church and state are properly the rulers of the people, only because they are their benefactors. --Bulwer. Note: Church is often used in composition to denote something belonging or relating to the church; as, church authority; church history; church member; church music, etc. {Apostolic church}. See under {Apostolic}. {Broad church}. See {Broad Church}. {Catholic [or] Universal} {church}, the whole body of believers in Christ throughout the world. {Church of England}, or {English church}, the Episcopal church established and endowed in England by law. {Church living}, a benefice in an established church. {Church militant}. See under {Militant}. {Church owl} (Zo[94]l.), the white owl. See {Barn owl}. {Church rate}, a tax levied on parishioners for the maintenance of the church and its services. {Church session}. See under {Session}. {Church triumphant}. See under {Triumphant}. {Church work}, work on, or in behalf of, a church; the work of a particular church for the spread of religion. {Established church}, the church maintained by the civil authority; a state church. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Constitution \Con`sti*tu"tion\, n. [F. constitution, L. constitute.] 1. The act or process of constituting; the action of enacting, establishing, or appointing; enactment; establishment; formation. 2. The state of being; that form of being, or structure and connection of parts, which constitutes and characterizes a system or body; natural condition; structure; texture; conformation. The physical constitution of the sun. --Sir J. Herschel. 3. The aggregate of all one's inherited physical qualities; the aggregate of the vital powers of an individual, with reference to ability to endure hardship, resist disease, etc.; as, a robust constitution. Our constitutions have never been enfeebled by the vices or luxuries of the old world. --Story. 4. The aggregate of mental qualities; temperament. He defended himself with . . . less passion than was expected from his constitution. --Clarendon. 5. The fundamental, organic law or principles of government of men, embodied in written documents, or implied in the institutions and usages of the country or society; also, a written instrument embodying such organic law, and laying down fundamental rules and principles for the conduct of affairs. Our constitution had begun to exist in times when statesmen were not much accustomed to frame exact definitions. --Macaulay. Note: In England the constitution is unwritten, and may be modified from time to time by act of Parliament. In the United States a constitution cannot ordinarily be modified, exept through such processes as the constitution itself ordains. 6. An authoritative ordinance, regulation or enactment; especially, one made by a Roman emperor, or one affecting ecclesiastical doctrine or discipline; as, the constitutions of Justinian. The positive constitutions of our own churches. --Hooker. A constitution of Valentinian addressed to Olybrius, then prefect of Rome, for the regulation of the conduct of advocates. --George Long. {Apostolic constitutions}. See under {Apostolic}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic delegate \Ap`os*tol"ic del"e*gate\ (R. C. Ch.) The diplomatic agent of the pope highest in grade, superior to a nuncio. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Father \Fa"ther\, n. [OE. fader, AS. f[91]der; akin to OS. fadar, D. vader, OHG. fatar, G. vater, Icel. Fa[?]ir Sw. & Dan. fader, OIr. athir, L. pater, Gr. [?][?][?][?][?], Skr. pitr, perh. fr. Skr. p[be] protect. [?][?][?],[?][?][?]. Cf. {Papa}, {Paternal}, {Patriot}, {Potential}, {Pablum}.] 1. One who has begotten a child, whether son or daughter; a generator; a male parent. A wise son maketh a glad father. --Prov. x. 1. 2. A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially, a first ancestor; a founder of a race or family; -- in the plural, fathers, ancestors. David slept with his fathers. --1 Kings ii. 10. Abraham, who is the father of us all. --Rom. iv. 16. 3. One who performs the offices of a parent by maintenance, affetionate care, counsel, or protection. I was a father to the poor. --Job xxix. 16. He hath made me a father to Pharaoh, and lord of all his house. --Gen. xiv. 8. 4. A respectful mode of address to an old man. And Joash the king og Israel came down unto him [Elisha], . . . and said, O my father, my father! --2 Kings xiii. 14. 5. A senator of ancient Rome. 6. A dignitary of the church, a superior of a convent, a confessor (called also {father confessor}), or a priest; also, the eldest member of a profession, or of a legislative assembly, etc. Bless you, good father friar ! --Shak. 7. One of the chief esslesiastical authorities of the first centuries after Christ; -- often spoken of collectively as the Fathers; as, the Latin, Greek, or apostolic Fathers. 8. One who, or that which, gives origin; an originator; a producer, author, or contriver; the first to practice any art, profession, or occupation; a distinguished example or teacher. The father of all such as handle the harp and organ. --Gen. iv. 21. Might be the father, Harry, to that thought. --Shak. The father of good news. --Shak. 9. The Supreme Being and Creator; God; in theology, the first person in the Trinity. Our Father, which art in heaven. --Matt. vi. 9. Now had the almighty Father from above . . . Bent down his eye. --Milton. {Adoptive father}, one who adopts the child of another, treating it as his own. {Apostolic father}, {Conscript fathers, etc.} See under {Apostolic}, {Conscript}, etc. {Father in God}, a title given to bishops. {Father of lies}, the Devil. {Father of the bar}, the oldest practitioner at the bar. {Fathers of the city}, the aldermen. {Father of the Faithful}. (a) Abraham. --Rom. iv. --Gal. iii. 6-9. (b) Mohammed, or one of the sultans, his successors. {Father of the house}, the member of a legislative body who has had the longest continuous service. {Most Reverend Father in God}, a title given to archbishops and metropolitans, as to the archbishops of Canterbury and York. {Natural father}, the father of an illegitimate child. {Putative father}, one who is presumed to be the father of an illegitimate child; the supposed father. {Spiritual father}. (a) A religious teacher or guide, esp. one instrumental in leading a soul to God. (b) (R. C. Ch.) A priest who hears confession in the sacrament of penance. {The Holy Father} (R. C. Ch.), the pope. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
King \King\, n.[AS. cyng, cyning; akin to OS. kuning, D. koning, OHG. kuning, G. k[94]nig, Icel. konungr, Sw. konung, Dan. konge; formed with a patronymic ending, and fr. the root of E. kin; cf. Icel. konr a man of noble birth. [root]44. See {Kin}.] 1. A chief ruler; a sovereign; one invested with supreme authority over a nation, country, or tribe, usually by hereditary succession; a monarch; a prince. [bd]Ay, every inch a king.[b8] --Shak. Kings will be tyrants from policy, when subjects are rebels from principle. --Burke. There was a State without king or nobles. --R. Choate. But yonder comes the powerful King of Day, Rejoicing in the east --Thomson. 2. One who, or that which, holds a supreme position or rank; a chief among competitors; as, a railroad king; a money king; the king of the lobby; the king of beasts. 3. A playing card having the picture of a king; as, the king of diamonds. 4. The chief piece in the game of chess. 5. A crowned man in the game of draughts. 6. pl. The title of two historical books in the Old Testament. Note: King is often used adjectively, or in combination, to denote pre[89]minence or superiority in some particular; as, kingbird; king crow; king vulture. {Apostolic king}.See {Apostolic}. {King-at-arms}, or {King-of-arms}, the chief heraldic officer of a country. In England the king-at-arms was formerly of great authority. His business is to direct the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the jurisdiction of armory. There are three principal kings-at-arms, viz., Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy. The latter (literally north roy or north king) officiates north of the Trent. {King auk} (Zo[94]l.), the little auk or sea dove. {King bird of paradise}. (Zo[94]l.), See {Bird of paradise}. {King card}, in whist, the best unplayed card of each suit; thus, if the ace and king of a suit have been played, the queen is the king card of the suit. {King Cole}, a legendary king of Britain, who is said to have reigned in the third century. {King conch} (Zo[94]l.), a large and handsome univalve shell ({Cassis cameo}), found in the West Indies. It is used for making cameos. See {Helmet shell}, under {Helmet}. {King Cotton}, a popular personification of the great staple production of the southern United States. {King crab}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) The limulus or horseshoe crab. See {Limulus}. (b) The large European spider crab or thornback ({Maia squinado}). {King crow}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) A black drongo shrike ({Buchanga atra}) of India; -- so called because, while breeding, they attack and drive away hawks, crows, and other large birds. (b) The {Dicrurus macrocercus} of India, a crested bird with a long, forked tail. Its color is black, with green and blue reflections. Called also {devil bird}. {King duck} (Zo[94]l.), a large and handsome eider duck ({Somateria spectabilis}), inhabiting the arctic regions of both continents. {King eagle} (Zo[94]l.), an eagle ({Aquila heliaca}) found in Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is about as large as the golden eagle. Some writers believe it to be the imperial eagle of Rome. {King hake} (Zo[94]l.), an American hake ({Phycis regius}), fond in deep water along the Atlantic coast. {King monkey} (Zo[94]l.), an African monkey ({Colobus polycomus}), inhabiting Sierra Leone. {King mullet} (Zo[94]l.), a West Indian red mullet ({Upeneus maculatus}); -- so called on account of its great beauty. Called also {goldfish}. {King of terrors}, death. {King parrakeet} (Zo[94]l.), a handsome Australian parrakeet ({Platycercys scapulatus}), often kept in a cage. Its prevailing color is bright red, with the back and wings bright green, the rump blue, and tail black. {King penguin} (Zo[94]l.), any large species of penguin of the genus {Aptenodytes}; esp., {A. longirostris}, of the Falkland Islands and Kerguelen Land, and {A. Patagonica}, of Patagonia. {King rail} (Zo[94]l.), a small American rail ({Rallus elegans}), living in fresh-water marshes. The upper parts are fulvous brown, striped with black; the breast is deep cinnamon color. {King salmon} (Zo[94]l.), the quinnat. See {Quinnat}. {King's, [or] Queen's}, {counsel} (Eng. Law), barristers learned in the law, who have been called within the bar, and selected to be the king's or queen's counsel. They answer in some measure to the advocates of the revenue (advocati fisci) among the Romans. They can not be employed against the crown without special license. --Wharton's Law Dict. {King's cushion}, a temporary seat made by two persons crossing their hands. [Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell. {The king's English}, correct or current language of good speakers; pure English. --Shak. {King's [or] Queen's}, {evidence}, testimony in favor of the Crown by a witness who confesses his guilt as an accomplice. See under {Evidence}. [Eng.] {King's evil}, scrofula; -- so called because formerly supposed to be healed by the touch of a king. {King snake} (Zo[94]l.), a large, nearly black, harmless snake ({Ophiobolus getulus}) of the Southern United States; -- so called because it kills and eats other kinds of snakes, including even the rattlesnake. {King's spear} (Bot.), the white asphodel ({Asphodelus albus}). {King's yellow}, a yellow pigment, consisting essentially of sulphide and oxide of arsenic; -- called also {yellow orpiment}. {King tody} (Zo[94]l.), a small fly-catching bird ({Eurylaimus serilophus}) of tropical America. The head is adorned with a large, spreading, fan-shaped crest, which is bright red, edged with black. {King vulture} (Zo[94]l.), a large species of vulture ({Sarcorhamphus papa}), ranging from Mexico to Paraguay, The general color is white. The wings and tail are black, and the naked carunculated head and the neck are briliantly colored with scarlet, yellow, orange, and blue. So called because it drives away other vultures while feeding. {King wood}, a wood from Brazil, called also {violet wood}, beautifully streaked in violet tints, used in turning and small cabinetwork. The tree is probably a species of {Dalbergia}. See {Jacaranda}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Prefect \Pre"fect\, n. [L. praefectus, fr. praefectus, p. p. of praeficere to set over; prae before + facere to make: cf. F. pr[82]fet.] 1. A Roman officer who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.; as, the prefect of the aqueducts; the prefect of a camp, of a fleet, of the city guard, of provisions; the pretorian prefect, who was commander of the troops guarding the emperor's person. 2. A superintendent of a department who has control of its police establishment, together with extensive powers of municipal regulation. [France] --Brande & C. 3. In the Greek and Roman Catholic churches, a title of certain dignitaries below the rank of bishop. {Apostolic prefect} (R. C. Ch.), the head of a mission, not of episcopal rank. --Shipley. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
See \See\, n. [OE. se, see, OF. se, sed, sied, fr. L. sedes a seat, or the kindred sedere to sit. See {Sit}, and cf. {Siege}.] 1. A seat; a site; a place where sovereign power is exercised. [Obs.] --Chaucer. Jove laughed on Venus from his sovereign see. --Spenser. 2. Specifically: (a) The seat of episcopal power; a diocese; the jurisdiction of a bishop; as, the see of New York. (b) The seat of an archibishop; a province or jurisdiction of an archibishop; as, an archiepiscopal see. (c) The seat, place, or office of the pope, or Roman pontiff; as, the papal see. (d) The pope or his court at Rome; as, to appeal to the see of Rome. {Apostolic see}. See under {Apostolic}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vicar \Vic"ar\, n. [OE. vicar, viker, vicair, F. vicaire, fr. L. vicarius. See {Vicarious}.] 1. One deputed or authorized to perform the functions of another; a substitute in office; a deputy. [R.] 2. (Eng. Eccl. Law) The incumbent of an appropriated benefice. Note: The distinction between a parson [or rector] and vicar is this: The parson has, for the most part, the whole right to the ecclesiastical dues in his parish; but a vicar has generally an appropriator over him, entitled to the best part of the profits, to whom he is in fact perpetual curate with a standing salary. --Burrill. {Apostolic vicar}, [or] {Vicar apostolic}. (R. C. Ch.) (a) A bishop to whom the Roman pontiff delegates a portion of his jurisdiction. (b) Any ecclesiastic acting under a papal brief, commissioned to exercise episcopal authority. (c) A titular bishop in a country where there is no episcopal see, or where the succession has been interrupted. {Vicar forane}. [Cf. LL. foraneus situated outside of the episcopal city, rural. See {Vicar}, and {Foreign}.] (R. C. Ch.) A dignitary or parish priest appointed by a bishop to exercise a limited jurisdiction in a particular town or district of a diocese. --Addis & Arnold. {Vicar-general}. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) The deputy of the Archbishop of Canterbury or York, in whose court the bishops of the province are confirmed. --Encyc. Brit. (b) (R. C. Ch.) An assistant to a bishop in the discharge of his official functions. {Vicar of Jesus Christ} (R. C. Ch.), the pope as representing Christ on earth. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Brief \Brief\ (br[emac]f), n. [See {Brief}, a., and cf. {Breve}.] 1. A short concise writing or letter; a statement in few words. Bear this sealed brief, With winged hastle, to the lord marshal. --Shak. And she told me In a sweet, verbal brief. --Shak. 2. An epitome. Each woman is a brief of womankind. --Overbury. 3. (Law) An abridgment or concise statement of a client's case, made out for the instruction of counsel in a trial at law. This word is applied also to a statement of the heads or points of a law argument. It was not without some reference to it that I perused many a brief. --Sir J. Stephen. Note: In England, the brief is prepared by the attorney; in the United States, counsel generally make up their own briefs. 4. (Law) A writ; a breve. See {Breve}, n., 2. 5. (Scots Law) A writ issuing from the chancery, directed to any judge ordinary, commanding and authorizing that judge to call a jury to inquire into the case, and upon their verdict to pronounce sentence. 6. A letter patent, from proper authority, authorizing a collection or charitable contribution of money in churches, for any public or private purpose. [Eng.] {Apostolical brief}, a letter of the pope written on fine parchment in modern characters, subscribed by the secretary of briefs, dated [bd]a die Nativitatis,[b8] i. e., [bd]from the day of the Nativity,[b8] and sealed with the ring of the fisherman. It differs from a bull, in its parchment, written character, date, and seal. See {Bull}. {Brief of title}, an abstract or abridgment of all the deeds and other papers constituting the chain of title to any real estate. {In brief}, in a few words; in short; briefly. [bd]Open the matter in brief.[b8] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Canon \Can"on\, n. [OE. canon, canoun, AS. canon rule (cf. F. canon, LL. canon, and, for sense 7, F. chanoine, LL. canonicus), fr. L. canon a measuring line, rule, model, fr. Gr. [?] rule, rod, fr. [?], [?], red. See {Cane}, and cf. {Canonical}.] 1. A law or rule. Or that the Everlasting had not fixed His canon 'gainst self-slaughter. --Shak. 2. (Eccl.) A law, or rule of doctrine or discipline, enacted by a council and confirmed by the pope or the sovereign; a decision, regulation, code, or constitution made by ecclesiastical authority. Various canons which were made in councils held in the second centry. --Hock. 3. The collection of books received as genuine Holy Scriptures, called the {sacred canon}, or general rule of moral and religious duty, given by inspiration; the Bible; also, any one of the canonical Scriptures. See {Canonical books}, under {Canonical}, a. 4. In monasteries, a book containing the rules of a religious order. 5. A catalogue of saints acknowledged and canonized in the Roman Catholic Church. 6. A member of a cathedral chapter; a person who possesses a prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church. 7. (Mus.) A musical composition in which the voices begin one after another, at regular intervals, successively taking up the same subject. It either winds up with a coda (tailpiece), or, as each voice finishes, commences anew, thus forming a perpetual fugue or round. It is the strictest form of imitation. See {Imitation}. 8. (Print.) The largest size of type having a specific name; -- so called from having been used for printing the canons of the church. 9. The part of a bell by which it is suspended; -- called also {ear} and {shank}. Note: [See Illust. of {Bell}.] --Knight. 10. (Billiards) See {Carom}. {Apostolical canons}. See under {Apostolical}. {Augustinian canons}, {Black canons}. See under {Augustinian}. {Canon capitular}, {Canon residentiary}, a resident member of a cathedral chapter (during a part or the whole of the year). {Canon law}. See under {Law}. {Canon of the Mass} (R. C. Ch.), that part of the mass, following the Sanctus, which never changes. {Honorary canon}, a canon who neither lived in a monastery, nor kept the canonical hours. {Minor canon} (Ch. of Eng.), one who has been admitted to a chapter, but has not yet received a prebend. {Regular canon} (R. C. Ch.), one who lived in a conventual community and follower the rule of St. Austin; a Black canon. {Secular canon} (R. C. Ch.), one who did not live in a monastery, but kept the hours. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Succession \Suc*ces"sion\, n. [L. successio: cf. F. succession. See {Succeed}.] 1. The act of succeeding, or following after; a following of things in order of time or place, or a series of things so following; sequence; as, a succession of good crops; a succession of disasters. 2. A series of persons or things according to some established rule of precedence; as, a succession of kings, or of bishops; a succession of events in chronology. He was in the succession to an earldom. --Macaulay. 3. An order or series of descendants; lineage; race; descent. [bd]A long succession must ensue.[b8] --Milton. 4. The power or right of succeeding to the station or title of a father or other predecessor; the right to enter upon the office, rank, position, etc., held ny another; also, the entrance into the office, station, or rank of a predecessor; specifically, the succeeding, or right of succeeding, to a throne. You have the voice of the king himself for your succession in Denmark. --Shak. The animosity of these factions did not really arise from the dispute about the succession. --Macaulay. 5. The right to enter upon the possession of the property of an ancestor, or one near of kin, or one preceding in an established order. 6. The person succeeding to rank or office; a successor or heir. [R.] --Milton. {Apostolical succession}. (Theol.) See under {Apostolical}. {Succession duty}, a tax imposed on every succession to property, according to its value and the relation of the person who succeeds to the previous owner. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolic \Ap`os*tol"ic\, Apostolical \Ap`os*tol"ic*al\, a. [L. apostolicus, Gr. [?]: cf. F. apostolique.] 1. Pertaining to an apostle, or to the apostles, their times, or their peculiar spirit; as, an apostolical mission; the apostolic age. 2. According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles; as, apostolic faith or practice. 3. Of or pertaining to the pope or the papacy; papal. {Apostolical brief}. See under {Brief}. {Apostolic canons}, a collection of rules and precepts relating to the duty of Christians, and particularly to the ceremonies and discipline of the church in the second and third centuries. {Apostolic church}, the Christian church; -- so called on account of its apostolic foundation, doctrine, and order. The churches of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem were called apostolic churches. {Apostolic constitutions}, directions of a nature similar to the apostolic canons, and perhaps compiled by the same authors or author. {Apostolic fathers}, early Christian writers, who were born in the first century, and thus touched on the age of the apostles. They were Polycarp, Clement, Ignatius, and Hermas; to these Barnabas has sometimes been added. {Apostolic king} (or {majesty}), a title granted by the pope to the kings of Hungary on account of the extensive propagation of Christianity by St. Stephen, the founder of the royal line. It is now a title of the emperor of Austria in right of the throne of Hungary. {Apostolic see}, a see founded and governed by an apostle; specifically, the Church of Rome; -- so called because, in the Roman Catholic belief, the pope is the successor of St. Peter, the prince of the apostles, and the only apostle who has successors in the apostolic office. {Apostolical succession}, the regular and uninterrupted transmission of ministerial authority by a succession of bishops from the apostles to any subsequent period. --Hook. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolically \Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ly\, adv. In an apostolic manner. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolicalness \Ap`os*tol"ic*al*ness\, n. Apostolicity. --Dr. H. More. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolicism \Ap`os*tol"i*cism\, Apostolicity \A*pos`to*lic"i*ty\, n. The state or quality of being apostolical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostolicism \Ap`os*tol"i*cism\, Apostolicity \A*pos`to*lic"i*ty\, n. The state or quality of being apostolical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostrophe \A*pos"tro*phe\, n. [(1) L., fr. Gr. [?] a turning away, fr. [?] to turn away; [?] from + [?] to turn. (2) F., fr. L. apostrophus apostrophe, the turning away or omitting of a letter, Gr. [?].] 1. (Rhet.) A figure of speech by which the orator or writer suddenly breaks off from the previous method of his discourse, and addresses, in the second person, some person or thing, absent or present; as, Milton's apostrophe to Light at the beginning of the third book of [bd]Paradise Lost.[b8] 2. (Gram.) The contraction of a word by the omission of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by the character ['] placed where the letter or letters would have been; as, call'd for called. 3. The mark ['] used to denote that a word is contracted (as in ne'er for never, can't for can not), and as a sign of the possessive, singular and plural; as, a boy's hat, boys' hats. In the latter use it originally marked the omission of the letter e. Note: The apostrophe is used to mark the plural of figures and letters; as, two 10's and three a's. It is also employed to mark the close of a quotation. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostrophic \Ap`os*troph"ic\, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe, grammatical or rhetorical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostrophize \A*pos"tro*phize\, v. t., [imp. & p. p. {Apostrophized}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Apostrophizing}.] 1. To address by apostrophe. 2. To contract by omitting a letter or letters; also, to mark with an apostrophe (') or apostrophes. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostrophize \A*pos"tro*phize\, v. i. To use the rhetorical figure called apostrophe. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apostume \Ap"os*tume\, n. See {Aposteme}. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apposed \Ap*posed"\, a. Placed in apposition; mutually fitting, as the mandibles of a bird's beak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apposite \Ap"po*site\, a. [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put to; ad + ponere to put, place.] Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; -- followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case. -- {Ap"po*site*ly}, adv. -- {Ap"po*site*ness}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apposite \Ap"po*site\, a. [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put to; ad + ponere to put, place.] Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; -- followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case. -- {Ap"po*site*ly}, adv. -- {Ap"po*site*ness}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apposite \Ap"po*site\, a. [L. appositus, p. p. of apponere to set or put to; ad + ponere to put, place.] Very applicable; well adapted; suitable or fit; relevant; pat; -- followed by to; as, this argument is very apposite to the case. -- {Ap"po*site*ly}, adv. -- {Ap"po*site*ness}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apposition \Ap`po*si"tion\, n. [L. appositio, fr. apponere: cf. F. apposition. See {Apposite}.] 1. The act of adding; application; accretion. It grows . . . by the apposition of new matter. --Arbuthnot. 2. The putting of things in juxtaposition, or side by side; also, the condition of being so placed. 3. (Gram.) The state of two nouns or pronouns, put in the same case, without a connecting word between them; as, I admire Cicero, the orator. Here, the second noun explains or characterizes the first. {Growth by apposition} (Physiol.), a mode of growth characteristic of non vascular tissues, in which nutritive matter from the blood is transformed on the surface of an organ into solid unorganized substance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Appositional \Ap`po*si"tion*al\, a. Pertaining to apposition; put in apposition syntactically. --Ellicott. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Appositive \Ap*pos"i*tive\, a. Of or relating to apposition; in apposition. -- n. A noun in apposition. -- {Ap*pos"i*tive*ly}, adv. Appositive to the words going immediately before. --Knatchbull. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Appositive \Ap*pos"i*tive\, a. Of or relating to apposition; in apposition. -- n. A noun in apposition. -- {Ap*pos"i*tive*ly}, adv. Appositive to the words going immediately before. --Knatchbull. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apsidal \Ap"si*dal\, a. 1. (Astron.) Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit. 2. (Arch.) Of or pertaining to the apse of a church; as, the apsidal termination of the chancel. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Apsides \Ap"si*des\, n. pl. See {Apsis}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Apsis \[d8]Ap"sis\ ([acr]p"s[icr]s), n.; pl. {Apsides} ([acr]p"s[icr]*d[emac]z). See {Apse}. [L. apsis, absis, Gr. "apsi`s, "apsi^dos, a tying, fastening, the hoop of a wheel, the wheel, a bow, arch, vault, fr. "a`ptein to fasten.] 1. (Astron.) One of the two points of an orbit, as of a planet or satellite, which are at the greatest and least distance from the central body, corresponding to the aphelion and perihelion of a planet, or to the apogee and perigee of the moon. The more distant is called the higher apsis; the other, the lower apsis; and the line joining them, the line of apsides. 2. (Math.) In a curve referred to polar co[94]rdinates, any point for which the radius vector is a maximum or minimum. 3. (Arch.) Same as {Apse}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avast \A*vast"\, interj. [Corrupted from D. houd vast hold fast. See {Hold}, v. t., and {Fast}, a.] (Naut.) Cease; stop; stay. [bd]Avast heaving.[b8] --Totten. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avestan \A*ves"tan\, a. Of or pertaining to the Avesta or the language of the Avesta. -- n. The language of the Avesta; -- less properly called {Zend}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avigato \Av`i*ga"to\, n. See {Avocado}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Avocado \[d8]Av`o*ca"do\, n. [Corrupted from the Mexican ahuacatl: cf. Sp. aguacate, F. aguacat[82], avocat, G. avogadobaum.] The pulpy fruit of {Persea gratissima}, a tree of tropical America. It is about the size and shape of a large pear; -- called also {avocado pear}, {alligator pear}, {midshipman's butter}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avocate \Av"o*cate\, v. t. [L. avocatus, p. p. of avocare; a, ab + vocare to call. Cf. {Avoke}, and see {Vocal}, a.] To call off or away; to withdraw; to transfer to another tribunal. [Obs. or Archaic] One who avocateth his mind from other occupations. --Barrow. He, at last, . . . avocated the cause to Rome. --Robertson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avocation \Av`o*ca"tion\, n. [L. avocatio.] 1. A calling away; a diversion. [Obs. or Archaic] Impulses to duty, and powerful avocations from sin. --South. 2. That which calls one away from one's regular employment or vocation. Heaven is his vocation, and therefore he counts earthly employments avocations. --Fuller. By the secular cares and avocations which accompany marriage the clergy have been furnished with skill in common life. --Atterbury. Note: In this sense the word is applied to the smaller affairs of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to leave his ordinary or principal business. Avocation (in the singular) for vocation is usually avoided by good writers. 3. pl. Pursuits; duties; affairs which occupy one's time; usual employment; vocation. There are professions, among the men, no more favorable to these studies than the common avocations of women. --Richardson. In a few hours, above thirty thousand men left his standard, and returned to their ordinary avocations. --Macaulay. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avocative \A*vo"ca*tive\ ([adot]*v[omac]"k[adot]*t[icr]v), a. Calling off. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avocative \A*vo"ca*tive\, n. That which calls aside; a dissuasive. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avocet \Av"o*cet\, Avoset \Av"o*set\ ([acr]v"[osl]*s[ecr]t), n. [F. avocette: cf. It. avosetta, Sp. avoceta.] (Zo[94]l.) A grallatorial bird, of the genus {Recurvirostra}; the scooper. The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species is {R. Americana}. [Written also {avocette}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avocet \Av"o*cet\, Avoset \Av"o*set\ ([acr]v"[osl]*s[ecr]t), n. [F. avocette: cf. It. avosetta, Sp. avoceta.] (Zo[94]l.) A grallatorial bird, of the genus {Recurvirostra}; the scooper. The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species is {R. Americana}. [Written also {avocette}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Law \Law\ (l[add]), n. [OE. lawe, laghe, AS. lagu, from the root of E. lie: akin to OS. lag, Icel. l[94]g, Sw. lag, Dan. lov; cf. L. lex, E. legal. A law is that which is laid, set, or fixed; like statute, fr. L. statuere to make to stand. See {Lie} to be prostrate.] 1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts. Note: A law may be universal or particular, written or unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it. These are the statutes and judgments and law, which the Lord made. --Lev. xxvi. 46. The law of thy God, and the law of the King. --Ezra vii. 26. As if they would confine the Interminable . . . Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. --Milton. His mind his kingdom, and his will his law. --Cowper. 2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature. 3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament. What things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law . . . But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets. --Rom. iii. 19, 21. 4. In human government: (a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community. (b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the controlling authority. 5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation. 6. In matematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence. 7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist. 8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law. 9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice. Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing else but reason. --Coke. Law is beneficence acting by rule. --Burke. And sovereign Law, that state's collected will O'er thrones and globes elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. --Sir W. Jones. 10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as, to go law. When every case in law is right. --Shak. He found law dear and left it cheap. --Brougham. 11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [Obs.] See {Wager of law}, under {Wager}. {Avogadro's law} (Chem.), a fundamental conception, according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after Avogadro, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called {Amp[8a]re's law}. {Bode's law} (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: -- Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- --- 4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388 5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4 52 95.4 192 300 where each distance (line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line. {Boyle's law} (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant quantity, i. e., the volume is inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as {Mariotte's law}, and the {law of Boyle and Mariotte}. {Brehon laws}. See under {Brehon}. {Canon law}, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the land. --Wharton. {Civil law}, a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. --Wharton. {Commercial law}. See {Law merchant} (below). {Common law}. See under {Common}. {Criminal law}, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to crimes. {Ecclesiastical law}. See under {Ecclesiastical}. {Grimm's law} (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the German philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bh[be]tr, L. frater, E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr. go, E. cow, G. kuh; Skr. dh[be] to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E. do, OHG, tuon, G. thun. {Kepler's laws} (Astron.), three important laws or expressions of the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John Kepler. They are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances. {Law binding}, a plain style of leather binding, used for law books; -- called also {law calf}. {Law book}, a book containing, or treating of, laws. {Law calf}. See {Law binding} (above). {Law day}. (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet. (b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to secure which it was given. [U. S.] {Law French}, the dialect of Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of Edward III. {Law language}, the language used in legal writings and forms. {Law Latin}. See under {Latin}. {Law lords}, peers in the British Parliament who have held high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession. {Law merchant}, or {Commercial law}, a system of rules by which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avocet \Av"o*cet\, Avoset \Av"o*set\ ([acr]v"[osl]*s[ecr]t), n. [F. avocette: cf. It. avosetta, Sp. avoceta.] (Zo[94]l.) A grallatorial bird, of the genus {Recurvirostra}; the scooper. The bill is long and bend upward toward the tip. The American species is {R. Americana}. [Written also {avocette}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avoset \Av"o*set\, n. Same as {Avocet}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Avouch \A*vouch"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Avouched} ([?]); p. pr. & vb. n. {Avouching}.] [OF. avochier, LL. advocare to recognize the existence of a thing, to advocate, fr. L. advocare to call to; ad + vocare to call. Cf. {Avow} to declare, {Advocate}, and see {Vouch}, v. t.] 1. To appeal to; to cite or claim as authority. [Obs.] They avouch many successions of authorities. --Coke. 2. To maintain a just or true; to vouch for. We might be disposed to question its authenticity, it if were not avouched by the full evidence. --Milman. 3. To declare or assert positively and as matter of fact; to affirm openly. If this which he avouches does appear. --Shak. Such antiquities could have been avouched for the Irish. --Spenser. 4. To acknowledge deliberately; to admit; to confess; to sanction. Thou hast avouched the Lord this day to be thy God. --Deut. xxvi. 17. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Aviston, IL (village, FIPS 3181) Location: 38.60779 N, 89.60623 W Population (1990): 924 (307 housing units) Area: 0.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Avocado Heights, CA (CDP, FIPS 3344) Location: 34.03838 N, 118.00157 W Population (1990): 14232 (3798 housing units) Area: 6.9 sq km (land), 0.3 sq km (water) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ABSET {University of Aberdeen}. ["ABSET: A Programming Language Based on Sets", E.W. Elcock et al, Mach Intell 4, Edinburgh U Press, 1969, pp.467-492]. (1994-11-08) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
abstract class designed only as a parent from which sub-classes may be derived, but which is not itself suitable for instantiation. Often used to "abstract out" incomplete sets of features which may then be shared by a group of sibling sub-classes which add different variations of the missing pieces. (1994-11-08) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
abstract data type type's internal form is hidden behind a set of {access functions}. Values of the type are created and inspected only by calls to the access functions. This allows the implementation of the type to be changed without requiring any changes outside the {module} in which it is defined. {Objects} and ADTs are both forms of data abstraction, but objects are not ADTs. Objects use procedural abstraction (methods), not type abstraction. A classic example of an ADT is a {stack} data type for which functions might be provided to create an empty stack, to {push} values onto a stack and to {pop} values from a stack. {Reynolds paper (http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~gunter/publications/documents/taoop94.html)}. {Cook paper "OOP vs ADTs" (http://www.wcook.org/papers/OOPvsADT/CookOOPvsADT90.pdf)}. (2003-07-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
abstract interpretation information about its {semantics} (e.g. control structure, flow of information) without performing all the calculations. Abstract interpretation is typically used by compilers to analyse programs in order to decide whether certain optimisations or transformations are applicable. The objects manipulated by the program (typically values and functions) are represented by points in some {domain}. Each abstract domain point represents some set of real ("{concrete}") values. For example, we may take the abstract points "+", "0" and "-" to represent positive, zero and negative numbers and then define an abstract version of the multiplication operator, *#, which operates on abstract values: *# | + 0 - ---|------ + | + 0 - 0 | 0 0 0 - | - 0 + An interpretation is "safe" if the result of the abstract operation is a safe approximation to the abstraction of the concrete result. The meaning of "a safe approximation" depends on how we are using the results of the analysis. If, in our example, we assume that smaller values are safer then the "safety condition" for our interpretation (#) is a# *# b# <= (a * b)# where a# is the abstract version of a etc. In general an interpretation is characterised by the {domain}s used to represent the basic types and the abstract values it assigns to constants (where the constants of a language include primitive functions such as *). The interpretation of constructed types (such as user defined functions, {sum type}s and {product type}s) and expressions can be derived systematically from these basic domains and values. A common use of {abstract interpretation} is {strictness analysis}. See also {standard interpretation}. (1994-11-08) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
abstract machine 1. implemented as {hardware}, but which is the notional executor of a particular {intermediate language} (abstract machine language) used in a {compiler} or {interpreter}. An abstract machine has an {instruction set}, a {register set} and a model of memory. It may provide instructions which are closer to the language being compiled than any physical computer or it may be used to make the language implementation easier to {port} to other {platform}s. A {virtual machine} is an abstract machine for which an {interpreter} exists. Examples: {ABC}, {Abstract Machine Notation}, {ALF}, {CAML}, {F-code}, {FP/M}, {Hermes}, {LOWL}, {Christmas}, {SDL}, {S-K reduction machine}, {SECD}, {Tbl}, {Tcode}, {TL0}, {WAM}. 2. some formal language, possibly also taking in input data and producing output. Such abstract machines are not intended to be constructed as {hardware} but are used in thought experiments about {computability}. Examples: {Finite State Machine}, {Turing Machine}. (1995-03-13) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Abstract Machine Notation in the {B-Method}, based on the mathematical theory of {Generalised Substitutions}. (1995-03-13) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
abstract syntax message passing over a communications link or a program being compiled) which is independent of machine-oriented structures and encodings and also of the physical representation of the data (called "{concrete syntax}" in the case of compilation or "{transfer syntax}" in communications). A {compiler}'s internal representation of a program will typically be specified by an abstract syntax in terms of categories such as "statement", "expression" and "identifier". This is independent of the source syntax ({concrete syntax}) of the language being compiled (though it will often be very similar). A {parse tree} is similar to an abstract syntax tree but it will typically also contain features such as parentheses which are syntactically significant but which are implicit in the structure of the {abstract syntax tree}. (1998-05-26) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Abstract Syntax Notation 1 {ISO}/{ITU-T} {standard} for transmitting structured {data} on {networks}, originally defined in 1984 as part of {CCITT X.409} '84. ASN.1 moved to its own standard, X.208, in 1998 due to wide applicability. The substantially revised 1995 version is covered by the X.680 series. ASN.1 defines the {abstract syntax} of {information} but does not restrict the way the information is encoded. Various ASN.1 encoding rules provide the {transfer syntax} (a {concrete} representation) of the data values whose {abstract syntax} is described in ASN.1. The standard ASN.1 encoding rules include {BER} (Basic Encoding Rules - X.209), {CER} (Canonical Encoding Rules), {DER} (Distinguished Encoding Rules), and {PER} (Packed Encoding Rules). ASN.1 together with specific ASN.1 encoding rules facilitates the exchange of structured data especially between {application programs} over networks by describing data structures in a way that is independent of machine architecture and implementation language. {OSI} {Application layer} {protocols} such as {X.400} {MHS} {electronic mail}, {X.500} directory services and {SNMP} use ASN.1 to describe the {PDU}s they exchange. Documents describing the ASN.1 notations: {ITU-T} Rec. X.680, {ISO} 8824-1; {ITU-T} Rec. X.681, {ISO} 8824-2; {ITU-T} Rec. X.682, {ISO} 8824-3; {ITU-T} Rec. X.683, {ISO} 8824-4 Documents describing the ASN.1 encoding rules: {ITU-T} Rec. X.690, {ISO} 8825-1; {ITU-T} Rec. X.691, {ISO} 8825-2. [M. Sample et al, "Implementing Efficient Encoders and Decoders for Network Data Representations", IEEE Infocom 93 Proc, v.3, pp. 1143-1153, Mar 1993. Available from Logica, UK]. See also {snacc}. (2000-10-20) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
abstract syntax tree has been parsed, often used as a {compiler} or {interpreter}'s internal representation of a program while it is being optimised and from which {code generation} is performed. The range of all possible such structures is described by the {abstract syntax}. (1994-11-08) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Abstract Window Toolkit graphics, and user-interface {toolkit}. The AWT is part of the {Java Foundation Classes} (JFC) - the standard {API} for providing a {graphical user interface} (GUI) for a Java program. Compare: {SWING}. ["Java in a Nutshell", O'Reilly]. {Home (http://java.sun.com/products/jdk/awt/)}. (2000-07-26) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Abstract Windowing Toolkit {Abstract Window Toolkit} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
abstraction 1. Generalisation; ignoring or hiding details to capture some kind of commonality between different instances. Examples are {abstract data types} (the representation details are hidden), {abstract syntax} (the details of the {concrete syntax} are ignored), {abstract interpretation} (details are ignored to analyse specific properties). 2. of something else. Examples are {lambda abstractions} (making a term into a function of some variable), {higher-order function}s (parameters are functions), {bracket abstraction} (making a term into a function of a variable). Opposite of {concretisation}. (1998-06-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Abstract-Type and Scheme-Definition Language project {GRASPIN}, as a basis for generating {language-based editor}s and environments. It combines an {object-oriented} type system, syntax-directed translation schemes and a target-language interface. ["ASDL - An Object-Oriented Specification Language for Syntax-Directed Environments", M.L. Christ-Neumann et al, European Software Eng Conf, Strasbourg, Sept 1987, pp.77-85]. (1996-02-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
apostrophe {single quote} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
AppKit the {NEXTSTEP} environment. (1995-03-13) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Abagtha one of the seven eunuchs in Ahasuerus's court (Esther 1:10; 2:21). | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Affection feeling or emotion. Mention is made of "vile affections" (Rom. 1:26) and "inordinate affection" (Col. 3:5). Christians are exhorted to set their affections on things above (Col. 3:2). There is a distinction between natural and spiritual or gracious affections (Ezek. 33:32). | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Apostle a person sent by another; a messenger; envoy. This word is once used as a descriptive designation of Jesus Christ, the Sent of the Father (Heb. 3:1; John 20:21). It is, however, generally used as designating the body of disciples to whom he intrusted the organization of his church and the dissemination of his gospel, "the twelve," as they are called (Matt. 10:1-5; Mark 3:14; 6:7; Luke 6:13; 9:1). We have four lists of the apostles, one by each of the synoptic evangelists (Matt. 10:2-4; Mark 3:16; Luke 6:14), and one in the Acts (1:13). No two of these lists, however, perfectly coincide. Our Lord gave them the "keys of the kingdom," and by the gift of his Spirit fitted them to be the founders and governors of his church (John 14:16, 17, 26; 15:26, 27; 16:7-15). To them, as representing his church, he gave the commission to "preach the gospel to every creature" (Matt. 28:18-20). After his ascension he communicated to them, according to his promise, supernatural gifts to qualify them for the discharge of their duties (Acts 2:4; 1 Cor. 2:16; 2:7, 10, 13; 2 Cor. 5:20; 1 Cor. 11:2). Judas Iscariot, one of "the twelve," fell by transgression, and Matthias was substituted in his place (Acts 1:21). Saul of Tarsus was afterwards added to their number (Acts 9:3-20; 20:4; 26:15-18; 1 Tim. 1:12; 2:7; 2 Tim. 1:11). Luke has given some account of Peter, John, and the two Jameses (Acts 12:2, 17; 15:13; 21:18), but beyond this we know nothing from authentic history of the rest of the original twelve. After the martyrdom of James the Greater (Acts 12:2), James the Less usually resided at Jerusalem, while Paul, "the apostle of the uncircumcision," usually travelled as a missionary among the Gentiles (Gal. 2:8). It was characteristic of the apostles and necessary (1) that they should have seen the Lord, and been able to testify of him and of his resurrection from personal knowledge (John 15:27; Acts 1:21, 22; 1 Cor. 9:1; Acts 22:14, 15). (2.) They must have been immediately called to that office by Christ (Luke 6:13; Gal. 1:1). (3.) It was essential that they should be infallibly inspired, and thus secured against all error and mistake in their public teaching, whether by word or by writing (John 14:26; 16:13; 1 Thess. 2:13). (4.) Another qualification was the power of working miracles (Mark 16:20; Acts 2:43; 1 Cor. 12:8-11). The apostles therefore could have had no successors. They are the only authoritative teachers of the Christian doctrines. The office of an apostle ceased with its first holders. In 2 Cor. 8:23 and Phil. 2:25 the word "messenger" is the rendering of the same Greek word, elsewhere rendered "apostle." | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
Abagtha, father of the wine-press |