English Dictionary: Johns | by the DICT Development Group |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]: | |
| |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jamaica \Ja*mai"ca\, n. One of the West India is islands. {Jamaica ginger}, a variety of ginger, called also {white ginger}, prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately. {Jamaica pepper}, allspice. {Jamaica rose} (Bot.), a West Indian melastomaceous shrub ({Blakea trinervis}), with showy pink flowers. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nutmeg \Nut"meg\, n. [OE. notemuge; note nut + OF. muge musk, of the same origin as E. musk; cf. OF. noix muguette nutmeg, F. noix muscade. See {Nut}, and {Musk}.] (Bot.) The kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg tree ({Myristica fragrans}), a native of the Molucca Islands, but cultivated elsewhere in the tropics. Note: This fruit is a nearly spherical drupe, of the size of a pear, of a yellowish color without and almost white within. This opens into two nearly equal longitudinal valves, inclosing the nut surrounded by its aril, which is mace The nutmeg is an aromatic, very grateful to the taste and smell, and much used in cookery. Other species of {Myristica} yield nutmegs of inferior quality. {American}, {Calabash}, [or] {Jamaica}, {nutmeg}, the fruit of a tropical shrub ({Monodora Myristica}). It is about the size of an orange, and contains many aromatic seeds imbedded in pulp. {Brazilian nutmeg}, the fruit of a lauraceous tree, {Cryptocarya moschata}. {California nutmeg}, tree of the Yew family ({Torreya Californica}), growing in the Western United States, and having a seed which resembles a nutmeg in appearance, but is strongly impregnated with turpentine. {Clove nutmeg}, the {Ravensara aromatica}, a laura ceous tree of Madagascar. The foliage is used as a spice, but the seed is acrid and caustic. {Jamaica nutmeg}. See American nutmeg (above). {Nutmeg bird} (Zo[94]l.), an Indian finch ({Munia punctularia}). {Nutmeg butter}, a solid oil extracted from the nutmeg by expression. {Nutmeg flower} (Bot.), a ranunculaceous herb ({Nigella sativa}) with small black aromatic seeds, which are used medicinally and for excluding moths from furs and clothing. {Nutmeg liver} (Med.), a name applied to the liver, when, as the result of heart or lung disease, it undergoes congestion and pigmentation about the central veins of its lobules, giving it an appearance resembling that of a nutmeg. {Nutmeg melon} (Bot.), a small variety of muskmelon of a rich flavor. {Nutmeg pigeon} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of pigeons of the genus {Myristicivora}, native of the East Indies and Australia. The color is usually white, or cream-white, with black on the wings and tail. {Nutmeg wood} (Bot.), the wood of the Palmyra palm. {Peruvian nutmeg}, the aromatic seed of a South American tree ({Laurelia sempervirens}). {Plume nutmeg} (Bot.), a spicy tree of Australia ({Atherosperma moschata}). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Janus \Ja"nus\, n. [L. See {January}.] (Rom. Antiq.) A Latin deity represented with two faces looking in opposite directions. Numa is said to have dedicated to Janus the covered passage at Rome, near the Forum, which is usually called the Temple of Janus. This passage was open in war and closed in peace. --Dr. W. Smith. {Janus cloth}, a fabric having both sides dressed, the sides being of different colors, -- used for reversible garments. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jaunce \Jaunce\, v. i. [OF. jancer. Cf. {Jounce}, {Jaunt}.] To ride hard; to jounce. [Obs.] Spurr'd, galled and tired by jauncing Bolingbroke. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jaw \Jaw\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Jawed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Jawing}.] To scold; to clamor. [Law] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jawing \Jaw"ing\, n. Scolding; clamorous or abusive talk. [Slang] --H. Kingsley. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jeames \Jeames\, n. [Corrup. of James.] A footman; a flunky. [Slang, Eng.] --Thackeray. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jenny \Jen"ny\, n.; pl. {Jennies}. 1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane. 2. (Zo[94]l.) A familiar name of the European wren. {Jenny ass} (Zo[94]l.), a female ass. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jenny \Jen"ny\, n.; pl. {Jennies}. 1. A familiar or pet form of the proper name Jane. 2. (Zo[94]l.) A familiar name of the European wren. {Jenny ass} (Zo[94]l.), a female ass. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jay \Jay\, n. [F. geai, OF. gai, jaj, perh. fr. OHG. g[be]hi. Cf. {Gay}.] (Zo[94]l.) Any one of the numerous species of birds belonging to {Garrulus}, {Cyanocitta}, and allied genera. They are allied to the crows, but are smaller, more graceful in form, often handsomely colored, and usually have a crest. Note: The European jay ({Garrulus glandarius}) is a large and handsomely colored species, having the body pale reddish brown, lighter beneath; tail and wing quills blackish; the primary coverts barred with bright blue and black; throat, tail coverts, and a large spot on the wings, white. Called also {jay pie}, {Jenny jay}, and {k[91]}. The common blue jay ({Cyanocitta cristata}.), and the related species, are brilliantly colored, and have a large erectile crest. The California jay ({Aphelocoma Californica}), the Florida jay ({A. Floridana}), and the green jay ({Xanthoura luxuosa}), of Texas and Mexico, are large, handsome, crested species. The Canada jay ({Perisoreus Canadensis}), and several allied species, are much plainer and have no crest. See {Blue jay}, and {Whisky jack}. {Jay thrush} (Zo[94]l.), any one several species of Asiatic singing birds, of the genera {Garrulax}, {Grammatoptila}, and related genera of the family {Crateropodid[91]}; as, the white-throated jay thrush ({G. albogularis}), of India. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jimmy \Jim"my\, n.; pl. {Jimmies}. [Cf. {Jemmy}.] A short crowbar used by burglars in breaking open doors. [Written also {jemmy}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jingo \Jin"go\, n.; pl. {Jingoes}. [Said to be a corruption of St. Gingoulph.] 1. A word used as a jocular oath. [bd]By the living jingo.[b8] --Goldsmith. 2. A statesman who pursues, or who favors, aggressive, domineering policy in foreign affairs. [Cant, Eng.] Note: This sense arose from a doggerel song which was popular during the Turco-Russian war of 1877 and 1878. The first two lines were as follows: We don't want to fight, but by Jingo if we do, We 've got the ships, we 've got the men, we 've got the money too. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jink \Jink\, v. i. [Cf. {Jig}, v. i.] 1. To move quickly, esp. with a sudden turn; hence, to dodge; to escape by a quick turn; -- obs. or dial., except as a hunting term in pig-sticking. 2. (Card Playing) In the games of spoilfive and forty-five, to win the game by taking all five tricks; also, to play to win all five tricks, losing what has been already won if unsuccessful. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jinx \Jinx\, n. A person, object, influence, or supernatural being which is supposed to bring bad luck or to cause things to go wrong. [Slang] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Johannes \Jo*han"nes\ (j[osl]*h[acr]n"n[emac]z), n. [NL., fr. Gr. [?], Heb. Y[ecr]h[omac]kh[be]n[be]n, Y[omac]kh[be]n[be]n, i. e., one whom Jehovah has blessed; hence F. Jean, E. John.] (Numis.) A Portuguese gold coin of the value of eight dollars, named from the figure of King John which it bears; -- often contracted into joe; as, a joe, or a half joe. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Johnny \John"ny\, n.; pl. {Johnnies}. 1. A familiar diminutive of {John}. 2. (Zo[94]l.) A sculpin. [Local cant] {Johny Crapaud}, a jocose designation of a Frenchman, or of the French people, collectively. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jounce \Jounce\, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. {Jounced}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Jouncing}.] [Cf. {Jaunce}.] To jolt; to shake, especially by rough riding or by driving over obstructions. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jounce \Jounce\, n. A jolt; a shake; a hard trot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Joyancy \Joy"an*cy\, n. Joyance. [R.] --Carlyle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Joy \Joy\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Joyed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Joying}.] [OF. joir, F. jouir. See {Joy}, n.] To rejoice; to be glad; to delight; to exult. I will joy in the God of my salvation. --Hab. iii. 18. In whose sight all things joy. --Milton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Junco \Jun"co\, n. (Zo[94]l.) Any bird of the genus {Junco}, which includes several species of North American finches; -- called also {snowbird}, or {blue snowbird}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Junk \Junk\, n. [Pg. junco; cf. Jav. & Malay jong, ajong, Chin. chwan.] (Naut.) A large vessel, without keel or prominent stem, and with huge masts in one piece, used by the Chinese, Japanese, Siamese, Malays, etc., in navigating their waters. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Junk \Junk\, n. A fragment of any solid substance; a thick piece. See {Chunk}. [Colloq.] --Lowell. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Junk \Junk\, n. [Pg. junco junk, rush, L. juncus a bulrush, of which ropes were made in early ages. Cf. {Junket}.] 1. Pieces of old cable or old cordage, used for making gaskets, mats, swabs, etc., and when picked to pieces, forming oakum for filling the seams of ships. 2. Old iron, or other metal, glass, paper, etc., bought and sold by junk dealers. 3. (Naut.) Hard salted beef supplied to ships. {Junk bottle}, a stout bottle made of thick dark-colored glass. {Junk dealer}, a dealer in old cordage, old metal, glass, etc. {Junk hook} (Whaling), a hook for hauling heavy pieces of blubber on deck. {Junk ring}. (a) A packing of soft material round the piston of a steam engine. (b) A metallic ring for retaining a piston packing in place; (c) A follower. {Junk shop}, a shop where old cordage, and ship's tackle, old iron, old bottles, old paper, etc., are kept for sale. {Junk vat} (Leather Manuf.), a large vat into which spent tan liquor or ooze is pumped. {Junk wad} (Mil.), a wad used in proving cannon; also used in firing hot shot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
June \Ju"ne\, n.; pl. {Junos}. [L.] 1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera. Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. -- Shak. 2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids. {Bird of June}, the peacock. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Jamaica, IA (city, FIPS 39225) Location: 41.84550 N, 94.30719 W Population (1990): 232 (104 housing units) Area: 1.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 50128 Jamaica, NY Zip code(s): 11430, 11432, 11433, 11434, 11435, 11436 Jamaica, VA Zip code(s): 23079 Jamaica, VT Zip code(s): 05343 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Jenks, OK (city, FIPS 37800) Location: 36.00215 N, 95.97465 W Population (1990): 7493 (2795 housing units) Area: 36.4 sq km (land), 1.3 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 74037 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Jinks, KY Zip code(s): 40336 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Jones, AL Zip code(s): 36749 Jones, LA Zip code(s): 71250 Jones, MI Zip code(s): 49061 Jones, OK (town, FIPS 38350) Location: 35.56660 N, 97.29057 W Population (1990): 2424 (935 housing units) Area: 35.4 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 73049 | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Janus 1. Distributed language with an ask/tell constraint system. {qdjanus} is a Janus-to-{Prolog} compiler for {Sicstus Prolog} and {jc} is compiles to {C}. ["Janus: A Step Towards Distributed Constraint Programming", V. Saraswat Programming: Proc 1990 North Am Conf, S. Debray et al eds, MIT Press 1990]. ["Programming in Janus", Saraswat, Kahn, and Levy]. 2. W.M. Waite, U Colorado. Intermediate language, claimed as an implementation of {UNCOL}. Used on {CDC 6600}. ["Experience with the Universal Intermediate Language Janus", B.K. Haddon et al, Soft Prac & Exp 8(5):601- 616 (Sep 1978)]. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
JMS {Java Message Service} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Johnniac von Neuman} built at the {Institute for Advanced Study}, USA. The Johnniac went live in 1953 and was decommissioned in 1966. It's memory consisted of 80 special "Selectron}" {vacuum tubes}, each of which held 256 bits of data. (2003-06-07) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
James (1.) The son of Zebedee and Salome; an elder brother of John the apostle. He was one of the twelve. He was by trade a fisherman, in partnership with Peter (Matt. 20:20; 27:56). With John and Peter he was present at the transfiguration (Matt. 17:1; Mark 9:2), at the raising of Jairus's daughter (Mark 5:37-43), and in the garden with our Lord (14:33). Because, probably, of their boldness and energy, he and John were called Boanerges, i.e., "sons of thunder." He was the first martyr among the apostles, having been beheaded by King Herod Agrippa (Acts 12:1, 2), A.D. 44. (Comp. Matt. 4:21; 20:20-23). (2.) The son of Alphaeus, or Cleopas, "the brother" or near kinsman or cousin of our Lord (Gal. 1:18, 19), called James "the Less," or "the Little," probably because he was of low stature. He is mentioned along with the other apostles (Matt. 10:3; Mark 3:18; Luke 6:15). He had a separate interview with our Lord after his resurrection (1 Cor. 15:7), and is mentioned as one of the apostles of the circumcision (Acts 1:13). He appears to have occupied the position of head of the Church at Jerusalem, where he presided at the council held to consider the case of the Gentiles (Acts 12:17; 15:13-29: 21:18-24). This James was the author of the epistle which bears his name. | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Jannes one of the Egyptians who "withstood Moses" (2 Tim. 3:8). | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Jonas (1.) Greek form of Jonah (Matt. 12:39, 40, 41, etc.). (2.) The father of the apostles Peter (John 21:15-17) and Andrew; but the reading should be (also in 1:42), as in the Revised Version, "John," instead of Jonas. | |
From Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary (late 1800's) [hitchcock]: | |
James, same as Jacob | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Jamaica Jamaica:Geography Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba Map references: Central America and the Caribbean Area: total area: 10,990 sq km land area: 10,830 sq km comparative area: slightly smaller than Connecticut Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 1,022 km Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior Terrain: mostly mountains with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain Natural resources: bauxite, gypsum, limestone Land use: arable land: 19% permanent crops: 6% meadows and pastures: 18% forest and woodland: 28% other: 29% Irrigated land: 350 sq km (1989 est.) Environment: current issues: deforestation; coastal waters polluted by industrial waste, sewage, and oil spills; damage to coral reefs; air pollution in Kingston results from vehicle emissions natural hazards: hurricanes (especially July to November) international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution Note: strategic location between Cayman Trench and Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes for Panama Canal Jamaica:People Population: 2,574,291 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 33% (female 412,565; male 431,043) 15-64 years: 60% (female 786,700; male 770,681) 65 years and over: 7% (female 96,348; male 76,954) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 0.78% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 22.03 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: -8.65 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 16.1 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 74.65 years male: 72.39 years female: 77.01 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 2.42 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Jamaican(s) adjective: Jamaican Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3%, white 3.2%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, other 1.2% Religions: Protestant 55.9% (Church of God 18.4%, Baptist 10%, Anglican 7.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6.9%, Pentecostal 5.2%, Methodist 3.1%, United Church 2.7%, other 2.5%), Roman Catholic 5%, other, including some spiritual cults 39.1% (1982) Languages: English, Creole Literacy: age 15 and over has ever attended school (1987) total population: 82% male: 77% female: 86% Labor force: 1,062,100 by occupation: services 41%, agriculture 22.5%, industry 19%, unemployed 17.5% (1989) Jamaica:Government Names: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jamaica Digraph: JM Type: parliamentary democracy Capital: Kingston Administrative divisions: 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland Independence: 6 August 1962 (from UK) National holiday: Independence Day (first Monday in August) (1962) Constitution: 6 August 1962 Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Sir Howard COOKE (since 1 August 1991) head of government: Prime Minister P. J. PATTERSON (since 30 March 1992); Deputy Prime Minister Seymour MULLINGS (since NA 1993) cabinet: Cabinet; appointed by the governor general on the advice of the prime minister Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament Senate: consists of a 21-member body appointed by the governor general House of Representatives: elections last held 30 March 1993 (next to be held by March 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (60 total) PNP 52, JLP 8 Judicial branch: Supreme Court Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP) P. J. PATTERSON; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward SEAGA Other political or pressure groups: Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Beginnings Movement (NBM) Member of: ACP, C, CARICOM, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Richard Leighton BERNAL chancery: 1520 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 452-0660 FAX: [1] (202) 452-0081 consulate(s) general: Miami and New York US diplomatic representation: chief of mission: Ambassador J. Gary COOPER (since October 1994) embassy: Jamaica Mutual Life Center, 2 Oxford Road, 3rd floor, Kingston mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [1] (809) 929-4850 through 4859 FAX: [1] (809) 926-6743 Flag: diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and fly side) Economy Overview: Key sectors in this island economy are bauxite (alumina and bauxite account for more than half of exports) and tourism. The government's tight fiscal and monetary policies, which have been partially successful in curbing inflation, have held growth to 1.2% in 1993 and 2.0% in 1994. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $7.8 billion (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 2% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $3,050 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 26.7% (1994) Unemployment rate: 15.7% (1992) Budget: revenues: $600 million expenditures: $736 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY90/91 est.) Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, rum partners: US 47%, UK 11%, Canada 9%, Norway 7%; France 4% (1993) Imports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1994 est.) commodities: machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, fuel, food, chemicals partners: US 54%, Japan 4.0%, Mexico 6%, UK 4%, Venezuela 3% (1993) External debt: $3.6 billion (1994 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 0.4% (1992); accounts for almost 30% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 730,000 kW production: 2.6 billion kWh consumption per capita: 988 kWh (1993) Industries: bauxite mining, tourism, textiles, food processing, light manufactures Agriculture: accounts for about 7% of GDP, 22% of work force, and 17% of exports; commercial crops - sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, potatoes, vegetables; livestock and livestock products include poultry, goats, milk; not self-sufficient in grain, meat, and dairy products Illicit drugs: transshipment point for cocaine from Central and South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active cannabis eradication program Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $1.2 billion; other countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $1.6 billion Currency: 1 Jamaican dollar (J$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: Jamaican dollars (J$) per US$1 - 33.195 (December 1994), 33.986 (1994), 24.949 (1993), 22.960 (1992), 12.116 (1991), 7.184 (1990) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March Jamaica:Transportation Railroads: total: 370 km standard gauge: 370 km 1.435-m gauge Highways: total: 18,200 km paved: 12,600 km unpaved: gravel 3,200 km; improved earth 2,400 km Pipelines: petroleum products 10 km Ports: Alligator Pond, Discovery Bay, Kingston, Montego Bay, Ocho Rios, Port Antonio, Longs Wharf, Rocky Point Merchant marine: total: 3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,931 GRT/10,545 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, oil tanker 1, roll-on/roll-off cargo 1 Airports: total: 41 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 with paved runways under 914 m: 31 with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 4 Jamaica:Communications Telephone system: 127,000 telephones; fully automatic domestic telephone network local: NA intercity: NA international: 2 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables Radio: broadcast stations: AM 10, FM 17, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 8 televisions: NA Jamaica:Defense Forces Branches: Jamaica Defense Force (includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard and Air Wing), Jamaica Constabulary Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 670,958; males fit for military service 475,235; males reach military age (18) annually 26,244 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $19.3 million, 1% of GDP (FY91/92) |