English Dictionary: Commerce Department | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lackey \Lack"ey\, n.; pl. {Lackeys}. [F. laquais; cf. Sp. & Pg. lacayo; of uncertain origin; perh. of German origin, and akin to E. lick, v.] An attending male servant; a footman; a servile follower. Like a Christian footboy or a gentleman's lackey. --Shak. {Lackey caterpillar} (Zo[94]l.), the caterpillar, or larva, of any bombycid moth of the genus {Clisiocampa}; -- so called from its party-colored markings. The common European species ({C. neustria}) is striped with blue, yellow, and red, with a white line on the back. The American species ({C. Americana} and {C. sylvatica}) are commonly called {tent caterpillars}. See {Tent caterpillar}, under {Tent}. {Lackey moth} (Zo[94]l.), the moth which produces the lackey caterpillar. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Rocket \Rock"et\, n. [F. roquette (cf. Sp. ruqueta, It ruchetta), fr. L. eruca.] (Bot.) (a) A cruciferous plant ({Eruca sativa}) sometimes eaten in Europe as a salad. (b) Damewort. (c) Rocket larkspur. See below. {Dyer's Rocket}. (Bot.) See {Dyer's broom}, under {Broom}. {Rocket larkspur} (Bot.), an annual plant with showy flowers in long racemes ({Delphinium Ajacis}). {Sea rocket} (Bot.), either of two fleshy cruciferous plants ({Cakile maritima} and {C. Americana}) found on the seashore of Europe and America. {Yellow rocket} (Bot.), a common cruciferous weed with yellow flowers ({Barbarea vulgaris}). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hazel \Ha"zel\, n. [OE. hasel, AS. h[91]sel; akin to D. hazelaar, G. hazel, OHG. hasal, hasala, Icel. hasl, Dan & Sw. hassel, L. corylus, for cosylus.] 1. (Bot.) A shrub or small tree of the genus {Corylus}, as the {C. avellana}, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, farinaceous taste; the filbert. The American species are {C. Americana}, which produces the common hazelnut, and {C. rostrata}. See {Filbert}. --Gray. 2. A miner's name for freestone. --Raymond. {Hazel earth}, soil suitable for the hazel; a fertile loam. {Hazel grouse} (Zo[94]l.), a European grouse ({Bonasa betulina}), allied to the American ruffed grouse. {Hazel hoe}, a kind of grub hoe. {Witch hazel}. See {Witch-hazel}, and {Hamamelis}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hornbeam \Horn"beam`\, n. [See {Beam}.] (Bot.) A tree of the genus {Carpinus} ({C. Americana}), having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard. It is common along the banks of streams in the United States, and is also called {ironwood}. The English hornbeam is {C. Betulus}. The American is called also {blue beech} and {water beech}. {Hop hornbeam}. (Bot.) See under {Hop}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Saxifrage \Sax"i*frage\ (?; 48), n. [L. saxifraga, from saxifragus stone-breaking; saxum rock + frangere to break: cf. F. saxifrage. See {Fracture}, and cf. {Sassafras}, {Saxon}.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus {Saxifraga}, mostly perennial herbs growing in crevices of rocks in mountainous regions. {Burnet saxifrage}, a European umbelliferous plant ({Pimpinella Saxifraga}). {Golden saxifrage}, a low half-succulent herb ({Chrysosplenium oppositifolium}) growing in rivulets in Europe; also, {C. Americanum}, common in the United States. See also under {Golden}. {Meadow saxifrage}, or {Pepper saxifrage}. See under {Meadow}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Crow \Crow\, n. [AS. cr[?]we a crow (in sense 1); akin to D. kraai, G. kr[?]e; cf. Icel. kr[?]ka crow. So named from its cry, from AS. cr[?]wan to crow. See {Crow}, v. i. ] 1. (Zo[94]l.) A bird, usually black, of the genus {Corvus}, having a strong conical beak, with projecting bristles. It has a harsh, croaking note. See {Caw}. Note: The common crow of Europe, or carrion crow, is {C. corone}. The common American crow is {C. Americanus}. See {Carrion crow}, and Illustr., under {Carrion}. 2. A bar of iron with a beak, crook, or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar. Get me an iron crow, and bring it straight Unto my cell. --Shak. 3. The cry of the cock. See {Crow}, v. i., 1. 4. The mesentery of a beast; -- so called by butchers. {Carrion crow}. See under {Carrion}. {Crow blackbird} (Zo[94]l.), an American bird ({Quiscalus quiscula}); -- called also {purple grackle}. {Crow pheasant} (Zo[94]l.), an Indian cuckoo; the common coucal. It is believed by the natives to give omens. See {Coucal}. {Crow shrike} (Zo[94]l.), any bird of the genera {Gymnorhina}, {Craticus}, or {Strepera}, mostly from Australia. {Red-legged crow}. See {Crough}. {As the crow flies}, in a direct line. {To pick a crow}, {To pluck a crow}, to state and adjust a difference or grievance (with any one). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Crocodile \Croc"o*dile\ (kr?k"?-d?l; 277), n. [L. crocodilus, Gr. [?][?][?][?][?]: cf. F. crocodile. Cf. {Cookatrice}.] 1. (Zo[94]l.) A large reptile of the genus {Crocodilus}, of several species. They grow to the length of sixteen or eighteen feet, and inhabit the large rivers of Africa, Asia, and America. The eggs, laid in the sand, are hatched by the sun's heat. The best known species is that of the Nile ({C. vulgaris}, or {C. Niloticus}). The Florida crocodile ({C. Americanus}) is much less common than the alligator and has longer jaws. The name is also sometimes applied to the species of other related genera, as the gavial and the alligator. 2. (Logic) A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile. {Crocodile bird} (Zo[94]l.), an African plover ({Pluvianus [91]gypticus}) which alights upon the crocodile and devours its insect parasites, even entering its open mouth (according to reliable writers) in pursuit of files, etc.; -- called also {Nile bird}. It is the {trochilos} of ancient writers. {Crocodile tears}, false or affected tears; hypocritical sorrow; -- derived from the fiction of old travelers, that crocodiles shed tears over their prey. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ule \U"le\, n. [Sp.] (Bot.) A Mexican and Central American tree ({Castilloa elastica} and {C. Markhamiana}) related to the breadfruit tree. Its milky juice contains caoutchouc. Called also {ule tree}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
{Hottentot cherry} (Bot.), a South African plant of the genus {Cassine} ({C. maurocenia}), having handsome foliage, with generally inconspicuous white or green flowers. --Loudon. {Hottentot's bread}. (Bot.) See {Elephant's foot} (a), under {Elephant}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Camera \Cam"e*ra\, n.; pl. E. {Cameras}, L. {Camerae}. [L. vault, arch, LL., chamber. See {Chamber}.] A chamber, or instrument having a chamber. Specifically: The {camera obscura} when used in photography. See {Camera}, and {Camera obscura}. {Bellows camera}. See under {Bellows}. {In camera} (Law), in a judge's chamber, that is, privately; as, a judge hears testimony which is not fit for the open court in camera. {Panoramic}, [or] {Pantascopic}, {camera}, a photographic camera in which the lens and sensitized plate revolve so as to expose adjacent parts of the plate successively to the light, which reaches it through a narrow vertical slit; -- used in photographing broad landscapes. --Abney. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Camerate \Cam"er*ate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Camerated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Camerzting}.] [L. cameratus, p. p. of camerare. See {Camber}.] 1. To build in the form of a vault; to arch over. 2. To divide into chambers. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Camorra \[d8]Ca*mor"ra\, n. [It.] A secret organization formed at Naples, Italy, early in the 19th century, and used partly for political ends and partly for practicing extortion, violence, etc. -- {Ca*mor"rist}, n. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Canarese \Can`a*rese"\, a. Pertaining to Canara, a district of British India. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Canary \Ca*na"ry\, n.; pl. {Canaries}. 1. Wine made in the Canary Islands; sack. [bd]A cup of canary.[b8] --Shak. 2. A canary bird. 3. A pale yellow color, like that of a canary bird. 4. A quick and lively dance. [Obs.] Make you dance canary With sprightly fire and motion. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Canary \Ca*na"ry\, a. [F. Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr. canis dog.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary birds. 2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone. {Canary grass}, a grass of the genus {Phalaris} ({P. Canariensis}), producing the seed used as food for canary birds. {Canary stone} (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird. {Canary wood}, the beautiful wood of the trees {Persea Indica} and {P. Canariensis}, natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands. {Canary vine}. See {Canary bird flower}, under {Canary bird}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Til tree \Til tree\ (t[icr]l; t[emac]l). (a) Var. of {Teil tree}. (b) An ill-smelling lauraceous tree ({Ocotea f[d2]tens}) of the Canary Islands; -- sometimes disting. as {Canary Island til tree}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Canary \Ca*na"ry\, a. [F. Canarie, L. Canaria insula one of the Canary islands, said to be so called from its large dogs, fr. canis dog.] 1. Of or pertaining to the Canary Islands; as, canary wine; canary birds. 2. Of a pale yellowish color; as, Canary stone. {Canary grass}, a grass of the genus {Phalaris} ({P. Canariensis}), producing the seed used as food for canary birds. {Canary stone} (Min.), a yellow species of carnelian, named from its resemblance in color to the plumage of the canary bird. {Canary wood}, the beautiful wood of the trees {Persea Indica} and {P. Canariensis}, natives of Madeira and the Canary Islands. {Canary vine}. See {Canary bird flower}, under {Canary bird}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Canorous \Ca*no"rous\, a. [L. canorus, from nor melody, fr. canere to sing.] Melodious; musical. [bd]Birds that are most canorous.[b8] --Sir T. Browne. A long, lound, and canorous peal of laughter. --De Quincey. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Canorousness \Ca*no"rous*ness\, n. The quality of being musical. He chooses his language for its rich canorousness. --Lowell. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chainwork \Chain"work`\, n. Work looped or linked after the manner of a chain; chain stitch work. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chimera \Chime"ra\, n.; pl. {Chimeras}. [L. chimaera a chimera (in sense 1), Gr. [?] a she-goat, a chimera, fr. [?] he-goat; cf. Icel. qymbr a yearling ewe.] 1. (Myth.) A monster represented as vomiting flames, and as having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon. [bd]Dire chimeras and enchanted isles.[b8] --Milton. 2. A vain, foolish, or incongruous fancy, or creature of the imagination; as, the chimera of an author. --Burke. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chimeric \Chi*mer"ic\, a. Chimerical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chimerical \Chi*mer"ic*al\, a. Merely imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wildly or vainly conceived; having, or capable of having, no existence except in thought; as, chimerical projects. Syn: Imaginary; fanciful; fantastic; wild; unfounded; vain; deceitful; delusive. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chimerically \Chi*mer"ic*al*ly\, adv. Wildy; vainly; fancifully. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Rose \Rose\, n. [AS. rose, L. rosa, probably akin to Gr. [?], Armor. vard, OPer. vareda; and perhaps to E. wort: cf. F. rose, from the Latin. Cf. {Copperas}, {Rhododendron}.] 1. A flower and shrub of any species of the genus {Rosa}, of which there are many species, mostly found in the morthern hemispere Note: Roses are shrubs with pinnate leaves and usually prickly stems. The flowers are large, and in the wild state have five petals of a color varying from deep pink to white, or sometimes yellow. By cultivation and hybridizing the number of petals is greatly increased and the natural perfume enhanced. In this way many distinct classes of roses have been formed, as the Banksia, Baurbon, Boursalt, China, Noisette, hybrid perpetual, etc., with multitudes of varieties in nearly every class. 2. A knot of ribbon formed like a rose; a rose knot; a rosette, esp. one worn on a shoe. --Sha. 3. (Arch.) A rose window. See {Rose window}, below. 4. A perforated nozzle, as of a pipe, spout, etc., for delivering water in fine jets; a rosehead; also, a strainer at the foot of a pump. 5. (Med.) The erysipelas. --Dunglison. 6. The card of the mariner's compass; also, a circular card with radiating lines, used in other instruments. 7. The color of a rose; rose-red; pink. 8. A diamond. See {Rose diamond}, below. {Cabbage rose}, {China rose}, etc. See under {Cabbage}, {China}, etc. {Corn rose} (Bot.) See {Corn poppy}, under {Corn}. {Infantile rose} (Med.), a variety of roseola. {Jamaica rose}. (Bot.) See under {Jamaica}. {Rose acacia} (Bot.), a low American leguminous shrub ({Robinia hispida}) with handsome clusters of rose-colored blossoms. {Rose aniline}. (Chem.) Same as {Rosaniline}. {Rose apple} (Bot.), the fruit of the tropical myrtaceous tree {Eugenia Jambos}. It is an edible berry an inch or more in diameter, and is said to have a very strong roselike perfume. {Rose beetle}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) A small yellowish or buff longlegged beetle ({Macrodactylus subspinosus}), which eats the leaves of various plants, and is often very injurious to rosebushes, apple trees, grapevines, etc. Called also {rose bug}, and {rose chafer}. (b) The European chafer. {Rose bug}. (Zo[94]l.) same as {Rose beetle}, {Rose chafer}. {Rose burner}, a kind of gas-burner producing a rose-shaped flame. {Rose camphor} (Chem.), a solid odorless substance which separates from rose oil. {Rose campion}. (Bot.) See under {Campion}. {Rose catarrh} (Med.), rose cold. {Rose chafer}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) A common European beetle ({Cetonia aurata}) which is often very injurious to rosebushes; -- called also {rose beetle}, and {rose fly}. (b) The rose beetle (a) . {Rose cold} (Med.), a variety of hay fever, sometimes attributed to the inhalation of the effluvia of roses. See {Hay fever}, under {Hay}. {Rose color}, the color of a rose; pink; hence, a beautiful hue or appearance; fancied beauty, attractiveness, or promise. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
China \Chi"na\, n. 1. A country in Eastern Asia. 2. China ware, which is the modern popular term for porcelain. See {Porcelain}. {China aster} (Bot.), a well-known garden flower and plant. See {Aster}. {China bean}. See under {Bean}, 1. {China clay} See {Kaolin}. {China grass}, Same as {Ramie}. {China ink}. See {India ink}. {China pink} (Bot.), an anual or biennial species of {Dianthus} ({D. Chiensis}) having variously colored single or double flowers; Indian pink. {China root} (Med.), the rootstock of a species of {Smilax} ({S. China}, from the East Indies; -- formerly much esteemed for the purposes that sarsaparilla is now used for. Also the galanga root (from {Alpinia Gallanga} and {Alpinia officinarum}). {China rose}. (Bot.) (a) A popular name for several free-blooming varieties of rose derived from the {Rosa Indica}, and perhaps other species. (b) A flowering hothouse plant ({Hibiscus Rosa-Sinensis}) of the Mallow family, common in the gardens of China and the east Indies. {China shop}, a shop or store for the sale of China ware or of crockery. {China ware}, porcelain; -- so called in the 17th century because brought from the far East, and differing from the pottery made in Europe at that time; also, loosely, crockery in general. {Pride of China}, {China tree}. (Bot.) See {Azedarach}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cineraceous \Cin`er*a"ceous\, a. [L. cineraceus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash-colored; cinereous. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cinereous \Ci*ne"re*ous\, a. [L. cinereus, fr. cinis ashes.] Like ashes; ash-colored; grayish. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cinerescent \Cin`er*es"cent\, a. Somewhat cinereous; of a color somewhat resembling that of wood ashes. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commark \Com"mark`\, n. [OF. comarque, or LL. commarca, commarcha; com- + marcha, boundary. See {March} a confine.] The frontier of a country; confines. [Obs.] --Shelton. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commerce \Com"merce\, n. Note: (Formerly accented on the second syllable.) [F. commerce, L. commercium; com- + merx, mercis, merchandise. See {Merchant}.] 1. The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; esp. the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic. The public becomes powerful in proportion to the opulence and extensive commerce of private men. --Hume. 2. Social intercourse; the dealings of one person or class in society with another; familiarity. Fifteen years of thought, observation, and commerce with the world had made him [Bunyan] wiser. --Macaulay. 3. Sexual intercourse. --W. Montagu. 4. A round game at cards, in which the cards are subject to exchange, barter, or trade. --Hoyle. {Chamber of commerce}. See {Chamber}. Syn: Trade; traffic; dealings; intercourse; interchange; communion; communication. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commerce \Com*merce"\ (? [or] ?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Commerced}; p>. pr. & vb. n. {Commercing}.] [Cf. F. commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.] 1. To carry on trade; to traffic. [Obs.] Beware you commerce not with bankrupts. --B. Jonson. 2. To hold intercourse; to commune. --Milton. Commercing with himself. --Tennyson. Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to commerce with heaven. --Prof. Wilson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commerce destroyer \Com"merce de*stroy"er\ (Nav.) A very fast, unarmored, lightly armed vessel designed to capture or destroy merchant vessels of an enemy. Not being intended to fight, they may be improvised from fast passenger steamers. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commerce \Com*merce"\ (? [or] ?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Commerced}; p>. pr. & vb. n. {Commercing}.] [Cf. F. commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.] 1. To carry on trade; to traffic. [Obs.] Beware you commerce not with bankrupts. --B. Jonson. 2. To hold intercourse; to commune. --Milton. Commercing with himself. --Tennyson. Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to commerce with heaven. --Prof. Wilson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, a. [Cf. F. commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial relations. [bd]Princely commercial houses.[b8] --Macaulay. {Commercial college}, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business. {Commercial law}. See under {Law}. {Commercial note paper}, a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7[ab] or 8 inches. {Commercial paper}, negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank checks, etc. {Commercial traveler}, an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders. Syn: See {Mercantile}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, a. [Cf. F. commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial relations. [bd]Princely commercial houses.[b8] --Macaulay. {Commercial college}, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business. {Commercial law}. See under {Law}. {Commercial note paper}, a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7[ab] or 8 inches. {Commercial paper}, negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank checks, etc. {Commercial traveler}, an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders. Syn: See {Mercantile}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Law \Law\ (l[add]), n. [OE. lawe, laghe, AS. lagu, from the root of E. lie: akin to OS. lag, Icel. l[94]g, Sw. lag, Dan. lov; cf. L. lex, E. legal. A law is that which is laid, set, or fixed; like statute, fr. L. statuere to make to stand. See {Lie} to be prostrate.] 1. In general, a rule of being or of conduct, established by an authority able to enforce its will; a controlling regulation; the mode or order according to which an agent or a power acts. Note: A law may be universal or particular, written or unwritten, published or secret. From the nature of the highest laws a degree of permanency or stability is always implied; but the power which makes a law, or a superior power, may annul or change it. These are the statutes and judgments and law, which the Lord made. --Lev. xxvi. 46. The law of thy God, and the law of the King. --Ezra vii. 26. As if they would confine the Interminable . . . Who made our laws to bind us, not himself. --Milton. His mind his kingdom, and his will his law. --Cowper. 2. In morals: The will of God as the rule for the disposition and conduct of all responsible beings toward him and toward each other; a rule of living, conformable to righteousness; the rule of action as obligatory on the conscience or moral nature. 3. The Jewish or Mosaic code, and that part of Scripture where it is written, in distinction from the gospel; hence, also, the Old Testament. What things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law . . . But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets. --Rom. iii. 19, 21. 4. In human government: (a) An organic rule, as a constitution or charter, establishing and defining the conditions of the existence of a state or other organized community. (b) Any edict, decree, order, ordinance, statute, resolution, judicial, decision, usage, etc., or recognized, and enforced, by the controlling authority. 5. In philosophy and physics: A rule of being, operation, or change, so certain and constant that it is conceived of as imposed by the will of God or by some controlling authority; as, the law of gravitation; the laws of motion; the law heredity; the laws of thought; the laws of cause and effect; law of self-preservation. 6. In matematics: The rule according to which anything, as the change of value of a variable, or the value of the terms of a series, proceeds; mode or order of sequence. 7. In arts, works, games, etc.: The rules of construction, or of procedure, conforming to the conditions of success; a principle, maxim; or usage; as, the laws of poetry, of architecture, of courtesy, or of whist. 8. Collectively, the whole body of rules relating to one subject, or emanating from one source; -- including usually the writings pertaining to them, and judicial proceedings under them; as, divine law; English law; Roman law; the law of real property; insurance law. 9. Legal science; jurisprudence; the principles of equity; applied justice. Reason is the life of the law; nay, the common law itself is nothing else but reason. --Coke. Law is beneficence acting by rule. --Burke. And sovereign Law, that state's collected will O'er thrones and globes elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill. --Sir W. Jones. 10. Trial by the laws of the land; judicial remedy; litigation; as, to go law. When every case in law is right. --Shak. He found law dear and left it cheap. --Brougham. 11. An oath, as in the presence of a court. [Obs.] See {Wager of law}, under {Wager}. {Avogadro's law} (Chem.), a fundamental conception, according to which, under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, all gases and vapors contain in the same volume the same number of ultimate molecules; -- so named after Avogadro, an Italian scientist. Sometimes called {Amp[8a]re's law}. {Bode's law} (Astron.), an approximative empirical expression of the distances of the planets from the sun, as follows: -- Mer. Ven. Earth. Mars. Aste. Jup. Sat. Uran. Nep. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 3 6 12 24 48 96 192 384 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --- --- 4 7 10 16 28 52 100 196 388 5.9 7.3 10 15.2 27.4 52 95.4 192 300 where each distance (line third) is the sum of 4 and a multiple of 3 by the series 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, etc., the true distances being given in the lower line. {Boyle's law} (Physics), an expression of the fact, that when an elastic fluid is subjected to compression, and kept at a constant temperature, the product of the pressure and volume is a constant quantity, i. e., the volume is inversely proportioned to the pressure; -- known also as {Mariotte's law}, and the {law of Boyle and Mariotte}. {Brehon laws}. See under {Brehon}. {Canon law}, the body of ecclesiastical law adopted in the Christian Church, certain portions of which (for example, the law of marriage as existing before the Council of Tent) were brought to America by the English colonists as part of the common law of the land. --Wharton. {Civil law}, a term used by writers to designate Roman law, with modifications thereof which have been made in the different countries into which that law has been introduced. The civil law, instead of the common law, prevails in the State of Louisiana. --Wharton. {Commercial law}. See {Law merchant} (below). {Common law}. See under {Common}. {Criminal law}, that branch of jurisprudence which relates to crimes. {Ecclesiastical law}. See under {Ecclesiastical}. {Grimm's law} (Philol.), a statement (propounded by the German philologist Jacob Grimm) of certain regular changes which the primitive Indo-European mute consonants, so-called (most plainly seen in Sanskrit and, with some changes, in Greek and Latin), have undergone in the Teutonic languages. Examples: Skr. bh[be]tr, L. frater, E. brother, G. bruder; L. tres, E. three, G. drei, Skr. go, E. cow, G. kuh; Skr. dh[be] to put, Gr. ti-qe`-nai, E. do, OHG, tuon, G. thun. {Kepler's laws} (Astron.), three important laws or expressions of the order of the planetary motions, discovered by John Kepler. They are these: (1) The orbit of a planet with respect to the sun is an ellipse, the sun being in one of the foci. (2) The areas swept over by a vector drawn from the sun to a planet are proportioned to the times of describing them. (3) The squares of the times of revolution of two planets are in the ratio of the cubes of their mean distances. {Law binding}, a plain style of leather binding, used for law books; -- called also {law calf}. {Law book}, a book containing, or treating of, laws. {Law calf}. See {Law binding} (above). {Law day}. (a) Formerly, a day of holding court, esp. a court-leet. (b) The day named in a mortgage for the payment of the money to secure which it was given. [U. S.] {Law French}, the dialect of Norman, which was used in judicial proceedings and law books in England from the days of William the Conqueror to the thirty-sixth year of Edward III. {Law language}, the language used in legal writings and forms. {Law Latin}. See under {Latin}. {Law lords}, peers in the British Parliament who have held high judicial office, or have been noted in the legal profession. {Law merchant}, or {Commercial law}, a system of rules by which trade and commerce are regulated; -- deduced from the custom of merchants, and regulated by judicial decisions, as also by enactments of legislatures. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, a. [Cf. F. commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial relations. [bd]Princely commercial houses.[b8] --Macaulay. {Commercial college}, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business. {Commercial law}. See under {Law}. {Commercial note paper}, a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7[ab] or 8 inches. {Commercial paper}, negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank checks, etc. {Commercial traveler}, an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders. Syn: See {Mercantile}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, a. [Cf. F. commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial relations. [bd]Princely commercial houses.[b8] --Macaulay. {Commercial college}, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business. {Commercial law}. See under {Law}. {Commercial note paper}, a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7[ab] or 8 inches. {Commercial paper}, negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank checks, etc. {Commercial traveler}, an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders. Syn: See {Mercantile}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, a. [Cf. F. commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial relations. [bd]Princely commercial houses.[b8] --Macaulay. {Commercial college}, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business. {Commercial law}. See under {Law}. {Commercial note paper}, a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7[ab] or 8 inches. {Commercial paper}, negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank checks, etc. {Commercial traveler}, an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders. Syn: See {Mercantile}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercial \Com*mer"cial\, a. [Cf. F. commercial.] Of or pertaining to commerce; carrying on or occupied with commerce or trade; mercantile; as, commercial advantages; commercial relations. [bd]Princely commercial houses.[b8] --Macaulay. {Commercial college}, a school for giving instruction in commercial knowledge and business. {Commercial law}. See under {Law}. {Commercial note paper}, a small size of writing paper, usually about 5 by 7[ab] or 8 inches. {Commercial paper}, negotiable paper given in due course of business. It includes bills of exchange, promissory notes, bank checks, etc. {Commercial traveler}, an agent of a wholesale house who travels from town to town to solicit orders. Syn: See {Mercantile}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercialism \Com*mer"cial*ism\, n. The commercial spirit or method. --C. Kingsley. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commercially \Com*mer"cial*ly\, adv. In a commercial manner. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commerce \Com*merce"\ (? [or] ?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Commerced}; p>. pr. & vb. n. {Commercing}.] [Cf. F. commercer, fr. LL. commerciare.] 1. To carry on trade; to traffic. [Obs.] Beware you commerce not with bankrupts. --B. Jonson. 2. To hold intercourse; to commune. --Milton. Commercing with himself. --Tennyson. Musicians . . . taught the people in angelic harmonies to commerce with heaven. --Prof. Wilson. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Commorse \Com*morse"\, n. [L. commorsus, p. p. of commordere to bite sharply.] Remorse. [Obs.] [bd]With sad commorse.[b8] --Daniel. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Comrogue \Com"rogue`\, n. A fellow rogue. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Conirostral \Co`ni*ros"tral\, a. (Zo[94]l.) Belonging to the Conirostres. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Zebrawood \Ze"bra*wood`\, n. (a) A kind of cabinet wood having beautiful black, brown, and whitish stripes, the timber of a tropical American tree ({Connarus Guianensis}). (b) The wood of a small West Indian myrtaceous tree ({Eugenia fragrans}). (c) The wood of an East Indian tree of the genus {Guettarda}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Coumaric \Cou*mar"ic\ (k??-m?r"?k), a. Relating to, derived from, or like, the {Dipterix odorata}, a tree of Guiana. {Coumaric acid} (Chem.), one of a series of aromatic acids, related to cinnamic acid, the most important of which is a white crystalline substance, {HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2H}, obtained from the tonka bean, sweet clover, etc., and also produced artificially. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Coumaric \Cou*mar"ic\ (k??-m?r"?k), a. Relating to, derived from, or like, the {Dipterix odorata}, a tree of Guiana. {Coumaric acid} (Chem.), one of a series of aromatic acids, related to cinnamic acid, the most important of which is a white crystalline substance, {HO.C6H4.C2H2.CO2H}, obtained from the tonka bean, sweet clover, etc., and also produced artificially. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyro81ric \Pyr`o*[81]"ric\, a. [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called {cyanuric} acid. See {Cyanuric}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cyanuric \Cy`a*nu"ric\ (s?`?-n?"r?k), a. [Cyanic + uric: Cf. F. cyanurique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, cyanic and uric acids. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyro81ric \Pyr`o*[81]"ric\, a. [Pyro- + uric.] (Old Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid now called {cyanuric} acid. See {Cyanuric}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cyanuric \Cy`a*nu"ric\ (s?`?-n?"r?k), a. [Cyanic + uric: Cf. F. cyanurique.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, cyanic and uric acids. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cyanuric acid \Cyanuric acid\ (Chem.), an organic acid, {C3O3N3H3}, first obtained by heating uric acid or urea, and called {pyrouric acid}; afterwards obtained from {isocyanic acid}. It is a white crystalline substance, odorless and almost tasteless; -- called also {tricarbimide}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Cyma \[d8]Cy"ma\ (s[imac]"m[adot]) n. [NL., fr. Gr. ky^ma. See {Cyme}] 1. (Arch.) A member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is wavelike in form. 2. (Bot.) A cyme. See {Cyme}. {Cyma recta}, or {Cyma}, a cyma, hollow in its upper part and swelling below. {Cyma reversa}, [or] {Ogee}, a cyma swelling out on the upper part and hollow below. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cymric \Cym"ric\ (k?m"r?k), a. [W. Cymru Wales.] Welsh. -- n. The Welsh language. [Written also {Kymric}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cardoon \Car*doon"\ (k[aum]r*d[oomac]n"), n. [F. cardon. The same word as F. cardon thistle, fr. L. carduus, cardus, LL. cardo. See 3d {Card}.] (Bot.) A large herbaceous plant ({Cynara Cardunculus}) related to the artichoke; -- used in cookery and as a salad. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Artichoke \Ar"ti*choke\, n. [It. articiocco, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco, archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp. alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar. al-harshaf, al-kharsh[umac]f.] (Bot.) 1. The {Cynara scolymus}, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food. 2. See {Jerusalem artichoke}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Globe \Globe\, n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.] 1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere. 2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp. 3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article. --Locke. 4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also {artificial globe}. 5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square. Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. --Milton. {Globe amaranth} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Gomphrena} ({G. globosa}), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered. {Globe animalcule}, a small, globular, locomotive organism ({Volvox globator}), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg[91]. {Globe of compression} (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also {overcharged mine}. {Globe daisy} (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus {Globularing}, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads. {Globe sight}, a form of front sight placed on target rifles. {Globe slater} (Zo[94]l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus {Spheroma}. {Globe thistle} (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads ({Cynara Scolymus}); also, certain species of the related genus {Echinops}. {Globe valve}. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. --Knight. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Artichoke \Ar"ti*choke\, n. [It. articiocco, perh. corrupted fr. the same word as carciofo; cf. older spellings archiciocco, archicioffo, carciocco, and Sp. alcachofa, Pg. alcachofra; prob. fr. Ar. al-harshaf, al-kharsh[umac]f.] (Bot.) 1. The {Cynara scolymus}, a plant somewhat resembling a thistle, with a dilated, imbricated, and prickly involucre. The head (to which the name is also applied) is composed of numerous oval scales, inclosing the florets, sitting on a broad receptacle, which, with the fleshy base of the scales, is much esteemed as an article of food. 2. See {Jerusalem artichoke}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Globe \Globe\, n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.] 1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere. 2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp. 3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article. --Locke. 4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also {artificial globe}. 5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square. Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. --Milton. {Globe amaranth} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Gomphrena} ({G. globosa}), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered. {Globe animalcule}, a small, globular, locomotive organism ({Volvox globator}), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg[91]. {Globe of compression} (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also {overcharged mine}. {Globe daisy} (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus {Globularing}, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads. {Globe sight}, a form of front sight placed on target rifles. {Globe slater} (Zo[94]l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus {Spheroma}. {Globe thistle} (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads ({Cynara Scolymus}); also, certain species of the related genus {Echinops}. {Globe valve}. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. --Knight. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cynarctomachy \Cyn`arc*tom"a*chy\ (s?n`?rk-t?m"?-k?). n. [Gr. [?][?][?][?], [?][?][?][?], dog + [?][?][?] bear + [?][?][?] fight.] Bear baiting with a dog. --Hudibras. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Camargo, IL (village, FIPS 10591) Location: 39.79948 N, 88.16670 W Population (1990): 372 (155 housing units) Area: 3.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 61919 Camargo, KY (city, FIPS 12052) Location: 37.99676 N, 83.88961 W Population (1990): 1022 (395 housing units) Area: 5.5 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Camargo, OK (town, FIPS 11150) Location: 36.01785 N, 99.28825 W Population (1990): 185 (100 housing units) Area: 0.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 73835 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Comeri]o zona, PR (urbana, FIPS 19665) Location: 18.22174 N, 66.22502 W Population (1990): 4978 (1624 housing units) Area: 1.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Commerce, CA (city, FIPS 14974) Location: 33.99537 N, 118.15024 W Population (1990): 12135 (3330 housing units) Area: 16.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Commerce, GA (city, FIPS 19112) Location: 34.20588 N, 83.46118 W Population (1990): 4108 (1724 housing units) Area: 12.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 30529 Commerce, MO (town, FIPS 15760) Location: 37.15809 N, 89.44656 W Population (1990): 173 (67 housing units) Area: 0.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Commerce, OK (city, FIPS 16500) Location: 36.93188 N, 94.86994 W Population (1990): 2426 (1107 housing units) Area: 2.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 74339 Commerce, TX (city, FIPS 16240) Location: 33.23816 N, 95.90077 W Population (1990): 6825 (3139 housing units) Area: 16.5 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 75428 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Commerce City, CO (city, FIPS 16495) Location: 39.86760 N, 104.86839 W Population (1990): 16466 (6414 housing units) Area: 51.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 80022 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Commerce Townshi, MI Zip code(s): 48382 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Commercial Point, OH (village, FIPS 18070) Location: 39.76942 N, 83.05786 W Population (1990): 405 (158 housing units) Area: 1.1 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Connersville, IN (city, FIPS 14932) Location: 39.65570 N, 85.14072 W Population (1990): 15550 (6683 housing units) Area: 19.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 47331 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Conyers, GA (city, FIPS 19336) Location: 33.66397 N, 84.01236 W Population (1990): 7380 (3262 housing units) Area: 18.9 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 30207, 30208 | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
commercial at strudel. Rare: each, vortex, whorl, {INTERCAL}: whirlpool, cyclone, snail, ape, cat, rose, cabbage, amphora. {ITU-T}: commercial at. The @ sign is used in an {electronic mail address} to separate the local part from the {hostname}. It is ironic that @ has become a trendy mark of Internet awareness since it is a very old symbol, derived from the latin preposition "ad" (at). Giorgio Stabile, a professor of history in Rome, has traced the symbol back to the Italian Renaissance in a Roman mercantile document signed by Francesco Lapi on 1536-05-04. In Dutch it is called "apestaartje" (little ape-tail), in German "affenschwanz" (ape tail). The French name is "arobase". In Spain and Portugal it denotes a weight of about 25 pounds, the weight and the symbol are called "arroba". Italians call it "chiocciola" (snail). See {@-party}. (2003-04-28) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) The CIX is a non-profit, 501(c)6, trade association coordinating {Internet} services. Its member organisations provide {TCP/IP} or {OSI} data {internetwork} services to the general public. The CIX gives them unrestricted access to other worldwide networks. It also takes an interest in the development and future direction of the {Internet}. The CIX provides a neutral forum to exchange ideas, information, and experimental projects among suppliers of internetworking services. The CIX broadens the base of national and international cooperation and coordination among member networks. Together, the membership may develop consensus positions on legislative and policy issues of mutual interest. The CIX encourages technical research and development for the mutual benefit of suppliers and customers of data communications internetworking services. It assists its member networks in the establishment of, and adherence to, operational, technical, and administrative policies and standards necessary to ensure fair, open, and competitive operations and communication among member networks. CIX policies are formulated by a member-elected board of directors. {Home (http://cix.org/)}. (1995-01-13) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Commercial Translator An English-like pre-{COBOL} language for business {data processing}. [Sammet 1969, p. 378]. (1994-11-08) | |
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]: | |
Comoros Comoros:Geography Location: Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique Map references: Africa Area: total area: 2,170 sq km land area: 2,170 sq km comparative area: slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 340 km Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm International disputes: claims French-administered Mayotte Climate: tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) Terrain: volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills Natural resources: negligible Land use: arable land: 35% permanent crops: 8% meadows and pastures: 7% forest and woodland: 16% other: 34% Irrigated land: NA sq km Environment: current issues: soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation natural hazards: cyclones and tsunamis possible during rainy season (December to April); Mount Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not ratified - Desertification Note: important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel Comoros:People Population: 549,338 (July 1995 est.) Age structure: 0-14 years: 48% (female 131,334; male 132,327) 15-64 years: 49% (female 137,083; male 133,629) 65 years and over: 3% (female 7,860; male 7,105) (July 1995 est.) Population growth rate: 3.56% (1995 est.) Birth rate: 46.22 births/1,000 population (1995 est.) Death rate: 10.6 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.) Net migration rate: 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.) Infant mortality rate: 77.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.) Life expectancy at birth: total population: 58.27 years male: 56.04 years female: 60.57 years (1995 est.) Total fertility rate: 6.73 children born/woman (1995 est.) Nationality: noun: Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran Ethnic divisions: Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava Religions: Sunni Muslim 86%, Roman Catholic 14% Languages: Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1980) total population: 48% male: 56% female: 40% Labor force: 140,000 (1982) by occupation: agriculture 80%, government 3% Comoros:Government Names: conventional long form: Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros conventional short form: Comoros local long form: Republique Federale Islamique des Comores local short form: Comores Digraph: CN Type: independent republic Capital: Moroni Administrative divisions: three islands; Grand Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali) note: there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Mutsamudu Independence: 6 July 1975 (from France) National holiday: Independence Day, 6 July (1975) Constitution: 7 June 1992 Legal system: French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal Executive branch: chief of state: President Said Mohamed DJOHAR (since 11 March 1990); election last held 11 March 1990 (next to be held March 1996); results - Said Mohamed DJOHAR (UDZIMA) 55%, Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim (UNDC) 45% head of government: Prime Minister Halifa HOUMADI (since 13 October 1994); note - HOUMADI is the fifteenth prime minister appointed by President DJOHAR in the last three years cabinet: Council of Ministers; appointed by the president Legislative branch: unicameral Federal Assembly (Assemblee Federale): elections last held 12-20 December 1993 (next to be held by NA January 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (42 total) Ruling Coalition: RDR 15, UNDC 5, MWANGAZA 2; Opposition: UDZIMA 8, other smaller parties 10; 2 seats remained unfilled Judicial branch: Supreme Court (Cour Supreme) Political parties and leaders: over 20 political parties are currently active, the most important of which are; Comoran Union for Progress (UDZIMA), Omar TAMOU; Islands' Fraternity and Unity Party (CHUMA), Said Ali KEMAL; Comoran Party for Democracy and Progress (PCDP), Ali MROUDJAE; Realizing Freedom's Capability (UWEZO), Mouazair ABDALLAH; Democratic Front of the Comoros (FDR), Moustapha CHELKH; Dialogue Proposition Action (DPA/MWANGAZA), Said MCHAWGAMA; Rally for Change and Democracy (RACHADE), Hassan HACHIM; Union for Democracy and Decentralization (UNDC), Mohamed Taki Halidi IBRAHAM; Rally for Democracy and Renewal (RDR); Comoran Popular Front (FPC), Mohamed HASSANALI, Mohamed El Arif OUKACHA, Abdou MOUSTAKIM (Secretary General) Member of: ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AL, CCC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO Diplomatic representation in US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed Ahamadu DJIMBANAO (ambassador to the US and Canada) chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 336 East 45th Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 972-8010 FAX: [1] (212) 983-4712 US diplomatic representation: none; ambassador to Port Louis, Mauritius, is accredited to Comoros Flag: green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing upward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992 Economy Overview: One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of several islands that have poor transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for 90% of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Continued foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be reached in the late 1990s. National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $370 million (1994 est.) National product real growth rate: 0.9% (1994 est.) National product per capita: $700 (1994 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15% (1993 est.) Unemployment rate: 15.8% (1989) Budget: revenues: $83 million expenditures: $92 million, including capital expenditures of $32 million (1992) Exports: $13.7 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra partners: US 44%, France 40%, Germany 6%, Africa 5% (1992) Imports: $40.9 million (f.o.b., 1993 est.) commodities: rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, cement, consumer goods partners: France 34%, South Africa 14%, Kenya 8%, Japan 4% (1992) External debt: $160 million (1992 est.) Industrial production: growth rate -6.5% (1989 est.); accounts for 6% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 16,000 kW production: 17 million kWh consumption per capita: 27 kWh (1993) Industries: perfume distillation, textiles, furniture, jewelry, construction materials, soft drinks Agriculture: accounts for 40% of GDP; most of population works in subsistence agriculture and fishing; plantations produce cash crops for export - vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra; principal food crops - coconuts, bananas, cassava; world's leading producer of essence of ylang-ylang (for perfumes) and second-largest producer of vanilla; large net food importer Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY80-89), $10 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $435 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $22 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $18 million Currency: 1 Comoran franc (CF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Comoran francs (CF) per US$1 - 297.07 (January 1995), 416.40 (1994), 254.57 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990) note: beginning 12 January 1994, the Comoran franc was devalued to 75 per French franc from 50 per French franc at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year Comoros:Transportation Railroads: 0 km Highways: total: 750 km paved: bituminous 210 km unpaved: crushed stone, gravel 540 km Ports: Fomboni, Moroni, Mutsamudo Merchant marine: none Airports: total: 4 with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 3 Comoros:Communications Telephone system: over 1,800 telephones; sparse system of radio relay and high-frequency radio communication stations for interisland and external communications to Madagascar and Reunion local: NA intercity: high frequency radio and microwave radio relay international: high frequency radio Radio: broadcast stations: AM 2, FM 1, shortwave 0 radios: NA Television: broadcast stations: 0 televisions: NA Comoros:Defense Forces Branches: Comoran Security Force Manpower availability: males age 15-49 117,349; males fit for military service 70,178 (1995 est.) Defense expenditures: $NA, NA% of GDP |