English Dictionary: C27 | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Legate \Leg"ate\ (l[ecr]g"[asl]t), n. [OE. legat, L. legatus, fr. legare to send with a commission or charge, to depute, fr. lex, legis, law: cf. F. l[82]gat, It. legato. See {Legal}.] 1. An ambassador or envoy. 2. An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with the authority of the Holy See. Note: Legates are of three kinds: ({a}) Legates a latere, now always cardinals. They are called ordinary or extraordinary legates, the former governing provinces, and the latter class being sent to foreign countries on extraordinary occasions. ({b}) Legati missi, who correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments. ({c}) Legati nati, or legates by virtue of their office, as the archbishops of Salzburg and Prague. 3. (Rom. Hist.) (a) An official assistant given to a general or to the governor of a province. (b) Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Libration \Li*bra"tion\ (l[isl]*br[amac]"sh[ucr]n), n. [L. libratio: cf. F. libration.] 1. The act or state of librating. --Jer. Taylor. 2. (Astron.) A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest. {Libration of the moon}, any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place; as: {(a)} Libration in longitude, that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. ({b}) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. ({c}) Diurnal or parallactic libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Monkey \Mon"key\, n.; pl. {Monkeys}. [Cf. OIt. monicchio, It. monnino, dim. of monna an ape, also dame, mistress, contr. fr. madonna. See {Madonna}.] 1. (Zo[94]l.) (a) In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana, including apes, baboons, and lemurs. (b) Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs. (c) Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (esp. such as have a long tail and prehensile feet) exclusive of apes and baboons. Note: The monkeys are often divided into three groups: ({a}) {Catarrhines}, or {Simid[91]}. These have an oblong head, with the oblique flat nostrils near together. Some have no tail, as the apes. All these are natives of the Old World. ({b}) {Platyrhines}, or {Cebid[91]}. These have a round head, with a broad nasal septum, so that the nostrils are wide apart and directed downward. The tail is often prehensile, and the thumb is short and not opposable. These are natives of the New World. ({c}) {Strepsorhines}, or {Lemuroidea}. These have a pointed head with curved nostrils. They are natives of Southern Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. 2. A term of disapproval, ridicule, or contempt, as for a mischievous child. This is the monkey's own giving out; she is persuaded I will marry her. --Shak. 3. The weight or hammer of a pile driver, that is, a very heavy mass of iron, which, being raised on high, falls on the head of the pile, and drives it into the earth; the falling weight of a drop hammer used in forging. 4. A small trading vessel of the sixteenth century. {Monkey boat}. (Naut.) (a) A small boat used in docks. (b) A half-decked boat used on the River Thames. {Monkey block} (Naut.), a small single block strapped with a swivel. --R. H. Dana, Jr. {Monkey flower} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Mimulus}; -- so called from the appearance of its gaping corolla. --Gray. {Monkey gaff} (Naut.), a light gaff attached to the topmast for the better display of signals at sea. {Monkey jacket}, a short closely fitting jacket, worn by sailors. {Monkey rail} (Naut.), a second and lighter rail raised about six inches above the quarter rail of a ship. {Monkey shine}, monkey trick. [Slang, U.S.] {Monkey trick}, a mischievous prank. --Saintsbury. {Monkey wheel}. See {Gin block}, under 5th {Gin}. {Monkey wrench}, a wrench or spanner having a movable jaw. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Motion \Mo"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. motio, fr. movere, motum, to move. See {Move}.] 1. The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to {rest}. Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace attends thee, and each word, each motion, forms. --Milton. 2. Power of, or capacity for, motion. Devoid of sense and motion. --Milton. 3. Direction of movement; course; tendency; as, the motion of the planets is from west to east. In our proper motion we ascend. --Milton. 4. Change in the relative position of the parts of anything; action of a machine with respect to the relative movement of its parts. This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion. --Dr. H. More. 5. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse to any action; internal activity. Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God. --South. 6. A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress; esp., a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly; as, a motion to adjourn. Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion. --Shak. 7. (Law) An application made to a court or judge orally in open court. Its object is to obtain an order or rule directing some act to be done in favor of the applicant. --Mozley & W. 8. (Mus.) Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part or in groups of parts. The independent motions of different parts sounding together constitute counterpoint. --Grove. Note: Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale. Contrary motion is that when parts move in opposite directions. Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique motion is that when one part is stationary while another moves. Similar or direct motion is that when parts move in the same direction. 9. A puppet show or puppet. [Obs.] What motion's this? the model of Nineveh? --Beau. & Fl. Note: Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound. {Simple motions} are: ({a}) straight translation, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. ({b}) Simple rotation, which may be either continuous or reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called oscillating. ({c}) Helical, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. {Compound motion} consists of combinations of any of the simple motions. {Center of motion}, {Harmonic motion}, etc. See under {Center}, {Harmonic}, etc. {Motion block} (Steam Engine), a crosshead. {Perpetual motion} (Mech.), an incessant motion conceived to be attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces independently of any action from without. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Symbol \Sym"bol\, n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. sy`mbolon a sign by which one knows or infers a thing, from [?] to throw or put together, to compare; sy`n with + [?] to throw: cf. F. symbole. Cf. {Emblem}, {Parable}.] 1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience. A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e. g., an actual part chosen to represent the whole, or a lower form or species used as the representative of a higher in the same kind. --Coleridge. 2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an operation, a relation, or an abbreviation. Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical expression which defines its position relatively to the assumed axes. 3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. 4. [Gr. [?] contributions.] That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.] They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague. --Jer. Taylor. 5. Share; allotment. [Obs.] The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to receive their symbol. --Jer. Taylor. 6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, {C} for carbon, {Na} for sodium (Natrium), {Fe} for iron (Ferrum), {Sn} for tin (Stannum), {Sb} for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and symbols under {Element}. Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of {Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}. Syn: Emblem; figure; type. See {Emblem}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
C \C\ (s[emac]) 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek [GAMMA], [gamma], and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the Ph[oe]nicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 221-228. 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or [bd]natural[b8] scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same. (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written [?]. (c) The [bd]C clef,[b8] a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle C. 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. {C spring}, a spring in the form of the letter C. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Gastropoda \[d8]Gas*trop"o*da\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. [?], [?], stomach + -poda.] (Zo[94]l.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See {Mollusca}. [Written also {Gasteropoda}.] Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: ({a}) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. ({b}) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. ({c}) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Legate \Leg"ate\ (l[ecr]g"[asl]t), n. [OE. legat, L. legatus, fr. legare to send with a commission or charge, to depute, fr. lex, legis, law: cf. F. l[82]gat, It. legato. See {Legal}.] 1. An ambassador or envoy. 2. An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with the authority of the Holy See. Note: Legates are of three kinds: ({a}) Legates a latere, now always cardinals. They are called ordinary or extraordinary legates, the former governing provinces, and the latter class being sent to foreign countries on extraordinary occasions. ({b}) Legati missi, who correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments. ({c}) Legati nati, or legates by virtue of their office, as the archbishops of Salzburg and Prague. 3. (Rom. Hist.) (a) An official assistant given to a general or to the governor of a province. (b) Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Libration \Li*bra"tion\ (l[isl]*br[amac]"sh[ucr]n), n. [L. libratio: cf. F. libration.] 1. The act or state of librating. --Jer. Taylor. 2. (Astron.) A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest. {Libration of the moon}, any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place; as: {(a)} Libration in longitude, that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. ({b}) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. ({c}) Diurnal or parallactic libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Monkey \Mon"key\, n.; pl. {Monkeys}. [Cf. OIt. monicchio, It. monnino, dim. of monna an ape, also dame, mistress, contr. fr. madonna. See {Madonna}.] 1. (Zo[94]l.) (a) In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana, including apes, baboons, and lemurs. (b) Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs. (c) Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (esp. such as have a long tail and prehensile feet) exclusive of apes and baboons. Note: The monkeys are often divided into three groups: ({a}) {Catarrhines}, or {Simid[91]}. These have an oblong head, with the oblique flat nostrils near together. Some have no tail, as the apes. All these are natives of the Old World. ({b}) {Platyrhines}, or {Cebid[91]}. These have a round head, with a broad nasal septum, so that the nostrils are wide apart and directed downward. The tail is often prehensile, and the thumb is short and not opposable. These are natives of the New World. ({c}) {Strepsorhines}, or {Lemuroidea}. These have a pointed head with curved nostrils. They are natives of Southern Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. 2. A term of disapproval, ridicule, or contempt, as for a mischievous child. This is the monkey's own giving out; she is persuaded I will marry her. --Shak. 3. The weight or hammer of a pile driver, that is, a very heavy mass of iron, which, being raised on high, falls on the head of the pile, and drives it into the earth; the falling weight of a drop hammer used in forging. 4. A small trading vessel of the sixteenth century. {Monkey boat}. (Naut.) (a) A small boat used in docks. (b) A half-decked boat used on the River Thames. {Monkey block} (Naut.), a small single block strapped with a swivel. --R. H. Dana, Jr. {Monkey flower} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Mimulus}; -- so called from the appearance of its gaping corolla. --Gray. {Monkey gaff} (Naut.), a light gaff attached to the topmast for the better display of signals at sea. {Monkey jacket}, a short closely fitting jacket, worn by sailors. {Monkey rail} (Naut.), a second and lighter rail raised about six inches above the quarter rail of a ship. {Monkey shine}, monkey trick. [Slang, U.S.] {Monkey trick}, a mischievous prank. --Saintsbury. {Monkey wheel}. See {Gin block}, under 5th {Gin}. {Monkey wrench}, a wrench or spanner having a movable jaw. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Motion \Mo"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. motio, fr. movere, motum, to move. See {Move}.] 1. The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to {rest}. Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace attends thee, and each word, each motion, forms. --Milton. 2. Power of, or capacity for, motion. Devoid of sense and motion. --Milton. 3. Direction of movement; course; tendency; as, the motion of the planets is from west to east. In our proper motion we ascend. --Milton. 4. Change in the relative position of the parts of anything; action of a machine with respect to the relative movement of its parts. This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion. --Dr. H. More. 5. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse to any action; internal activity. Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God. --South. 6. A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress; esp., a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly; as, a motion to adjourn. Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion. --Shak. 7. (Law) An application made to a court or judge orally in open court. Its object is to obtain an order or rule directing some act to be done in favor of the applicant. --Mozley & W. 8. (Mus.) Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part or in groups of parts. The independent motions of different parts sounding together constitute counterpoint. --Grove. Note: Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale. Contrary motion is that when parts move in opposite directions. Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique motion is that when one part is stationary while another moves. Similar or direct motion is that when parts move in the same direction. 9. A puppet show or puppet. [Obs.] What motion's this? the model of Nineveh? --Beau. & Fl. Note: Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound. {Simple motions} are: ({a}) straight translation, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. ({b}) Simple rotation, which may be either continuous or reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called oscillating. ({c}) Helical, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. {Compound motion} consists of combinations of any of the simple motions. {Center of motion}, {Harmonic motion}, etc. See under {Center}, {Harmonic}, etc. {Motion block} (Steam Engine), a crosshead. {Perpetual motion} (Mech.), an incessant motion conceived to be attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces independently of any action from without. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Symbol \Sym"bol\, n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. sy`mbolon a sign by which one knows or infers a thing, from [?] to throw or put together, to compare; sy`n with + [?] to throw: cf. F. symbole. Cf. {Emblem}, {Parable}.] 1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience. A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e. g., an actual part chosen to represent the whole, or a lower form or species used as the representative of a higher in the same kind. --Coleridge. 2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an operation, a relation, or an abbreviation. Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical expression which defines its position relatively to the assumed axes. 3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. 4. [Gr. [?] contributions.] That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.] They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague. --Jer. Taylor. 5. Share; allotment. [Obs.] The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to receive their symbol. --Jer. Taylor. 6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, {C} for carbon, {Na} for sodium (Natrium), {Fe} for iron (Ferrum), {Sn} for tin (Stannum), {Sb} for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and symbols under {Element}. Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of {Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}. Syn: Emblem; figure; type. See {Emblem}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
C \C\ (s[emac]) 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek [GAMMA], [gamma], and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the Ph[oe]nicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 221-228. 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or [bd]natural[b8] scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same. (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written [?]. (c) The [bd]C clef,[b8] a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle C. 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. {C spring}, a spring in the form of the letter C. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Gastropoda \[d8]Gas*trop"o*da\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. [?], [?], stomach + -poda.] (Zo[94]l.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See {Mollusca}. [Written also {Gasteropoda}.] Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: ({a}) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. ({b}) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. ({c}) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Legate \Leg"ate\ (l[ecr]g"[asl]t), n. [OE. legat, L. legatus, fr. legare to send with a commission or charge, to depute, fr. lex, legis, law: cf. F. l[82]gat, It. legato. See {Legal}.] 1. An ambassador or envoy. 2. An ecclesiastic representing the pope and invested with the authority of the Holy See. Note: Legates are of three kinds: ({a}) Legates a latere, now always cardinals. They are called ordinary or extraordinary legates, the former governing provinces, and the latter class being sent to foreign countries on extraordinary occasions. ({b}) Legati missi, who correspond to the ambassadors of temporal governments. ({c}) Legati nati, or legates by virtue of their office, as the archbishops of Salzburg and Prague. 3. (Rom. Hist.) (a) An official assistant given to a general or to the governor of a province. (b) Under the emperors, a governor sent to a province. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Libration \Li*bra"tion\ (l[isl]*br[amac]"sh[ucr]n), n. [L. libratio: cf. F. libration.] 1. The act or state of librating. --Jer. Taylor. 2. (Astron.) A real or apparent libratory motion, like that of a balance before coming to rest. {Libration of the moon}, any one of those small periodical changes in the position of the moon's surface relatively to the earth, in consequence of which narrow portions at opposite limbs become visible or invisible alternately. It receives different names according to the manner in which it takes place; as: {(a)} Libration in longitude, that which, depending on the place of the moon in its elliptic orbit, causes small portions near the eastern and western borders alternately to appear and disappear each month. ({b}) Libration in latitude, that which depends on the varying position of the moon's axis in respect to the spectator, causing the alternate appearance and disappearance of either pole. ({c}) Diurnal or parallactic libration, that which brings into view on the upper limb, at rising and setting, some parts not in the average visible hemisphere. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Monkey \Mon"key\, n.; pl. {Monkeys}. [Cf. OIt. monicchio, It. monnino, dim. of monna an ape, also dame, mistress, contr. fr. madonna. See {Madonna}.] 1. (Zo[94]l.) (a) In the most general sense, any one of the Quadrumana, including apes, baboons, and lemurs. (b) Any species of Quadrumana, except the lemurs. (c) Any one of numerous species of Quadrumana (esp. such as have a long tail and prehensile feet) exclusive of apes and baboons. Note: The monkeys are often divided into three groups: ({a}) {Catarrhines}, or {Simid[91]}. These have an oblong head, with the oblique flat nostrils near together. Some have no tail, as the apes. All these are natives of the Old World. ({b}) {Platyrhines}, or {Cebid[91]}. These have a round head, with a broad nasal septum, so that the nostrils are wide apart and directed downward. The tail is often prehensile, and the thumb is short and not opposable. These are natives of the New World. ({c}) {Strepsorhines}, or {Lemuroidea}. These have a pointed head with curved nostrils. They are natives of Southern Asia, Africa, and Madagascar. 2. A term of disapproval, ridicule, or contempt, as for a mischievous child. This is the monkey's own giving out; she is persuaded I will marry her. --Shak. 3. The weight or hammer of a pile driver, that is, a very heavy mass of iron, which, being raised on high, falls on the head of the pile, and drives it into the earth; the falling weight of a drop hammer used in forging. 4. A small trading vessel of the sixteenth century. {Monkey boat}. (Naut.) (a) A small boat used in docks. (b) A half-decked boat used on the River Thames. {Monkey block} (Naut.), a small single block strapped with a swivel. --R. H. Dana, Jr. {Monkey flower} (Bot.), a plant of the genus {Mimulus}; -- so called from the appearance of its gaping corolla. --Gray. {Monkey gaff} (Naut.), a light gaff attached to the topmast for the better display of signals at sea. {Monkey jacket}, a short closely fitting jacket, worn by sailors. {Monkey rail} (Naut.), a second and lighter rail raised about six inches above the quarter rail of a ship. {Monkey shine}, monkey trick. [Slang, U.S.] {Monkey trick}, a mischievous prank. --Saintsbury. {Monkey wheel}. See {Gin block}, under 5th {Gin}. {Monkey wrench}, a wrench or spanner having a movable jaw. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Motion \Mo"tion\, n. [F., fr. L. motio, fr. movere, motum, to move. See {Move}.] 1. The act, process, or state of changing place or position; movement; the passing of a body from one place or position to another, whether voluntary or involuntary; -- opposed to {rest}. Speaking or mute, all comeliness and grace attends thee, and each word, each motion, forms. --Milton. 2. Power of, or capacity for, motion. Devoid of sense and motion. --Milton. 3. Direction of movement; course; tendency; as, the motion of the planets is from west to east. In our proper motion we ascend. --Milton. 4. Change in the relative position of the parts of anything; action of a machine with respect to the relative movement of its parts. This is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion. --Dr. H. More. 5. Movement of the mind, desires, or passions; mental act, or impulse to any action; internal activity. Let a good man obey every good motion rising in his heart, knowing that every such motion proceeds from God. --South. 6. A proposal or suggestion looking to action or progress; esp., a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly; as, a motion to adjourn. Yes, I agree, and thank you for your motion. --Shak. 7. (Law) An application made to a court or judge orally in open court. Its object is to obtain an order or rule directing some act to be done in favor of the applicant. --Mozley & W. 8. (Mus.) Change of pitch in successive sounds, whether in the same part or in groups of parts. The independent motions of different parts sounding together constitute counterpoint. --Grove. Note: Conjunct motion is that by single degrees of the scale. Contrary motion is that when parts move in opposite directions. Disjunct motion is motion by skips. Oblique motion is that when one part is stationary while another moves. Similar or direct motion is that when parts move in the same direction. 9. A puppet show or puppet. [Obs.] What motion's this? the model of Nineveh? --Beau. & Fl. Note: Motion, in mechanics, may be simple or compound. {Simple motions} are: ({a}) straight translation, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. ({b}) Simple rotation, which may be either continuous or reciprocating, and when reciprocating is called oscillating. ({c}) Helical, which, if of indefinite duration, must be reciprocating. {Compound motion} consists of combinations of any of the simple motions. {Center of motion}, {Harmonic motion}, etc. See under {Center}, {Harmonic}, etc. {Motion block} (Steam Engine), a crosshead. {Perpetual motion} (Mech.), an incessant motion conceived to be attainable by a machine supplying its own motive forces independently of any action from without. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Symbol \Sym"bol\, n. [L. symbolus, symbolum, Gr. sy`mbolon a sign by which one knows or infers a thing, from [?] to throw or put together, to compare; sy`n with + [?] to throw: cf. F. symbole. Cf. {Emblem}, {Parable}.] 1. A visible sign or representation of an idea; anything which suggests an idea or quality, or another thing, as by resemblance or by convention; an emblem; a representation; a type; a figure; as, the lion is the symbol of courage; the lamb is the symbol of meekness or patience. A symbol is a sign included in the idea which it represents, e. g., an actual part chosen to represent the whole, or a lower form or species used as the representative of a higher in the same kind. --Coleridge. 2. (Math.) Any character used to represent a quantity, an operation, a relation, or an abbreviation. Note: In crystallography, the symbol of a plane is the numerical expression which defines its position relatively to the assumed axes. 3. (Theol.) An abstract or compendium of faith or doctrine; a creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. 4. [Gr. [?] contributions.] That which is thrown into a common fund; hence, an appointed or accustomed duty. [Obs.] They do their work in the days of peace . . . and come to pay their symbol in a war or in a plague. --Jer. Taylor. 5. Share; allotment. [Obs.] The persons who are to be judged . . . shall all appear to receive their symbol. --Jer. Taylor. 6. (Chem.) An abbreviation standing for the name of an element and consisting of the initial letter of the Latin or New Latin name, or sometimes of the initial letter with a following one; as, {C} for carbon, {Na} for sodium (Natrium), {Fe} for iron (Ferrum), {Sn} for tin (Stannum), {Sb} for antimony (Stibium), etc. See the list of names and symbols under {Element}. Note: In pure and organic chemistry there are symbols not only for the elements, but also for their grouping in formulas, radicals, or residues, as evidenced by their composition, reactions, synthesis, etc. See the diagram of {Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}. Syn: Emblem; figure; type. See {Emblem}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
C \C\ (s[emac]) 1. C is the third letter of the English alphabet. It is from the Latin letter C, which in old Latin represented the sounds of k, and g (in go); its original value being the latter. In Anglo-Saxon words, or Old English before the Norman Conquest, it always has the sound of k. The Latin C was the same letter as the Greek [GAMMA], [gamma], and came from the Greek alphabet. The Greeks got it from the Ph[oe]nicians. The English name of C is from the Latin name ce, and was derived, probably, through the French. Etymologically C is related to g, h, k, q, s (and other sibilant sounds). Examples of these relations are in L. acutus, E. acute, ague; E. acrid, eager, vinegar; L. cornu, E. horn; E. cat, kitten; E. coy, quiet; L. circare, OF. cerchier, E. search. Note: See Guide to Pronunciation, [sect][sect] 221-228. 2. (Mus.) (a) The keynote of the normal or [bd]natural[b8] scale, which has neither flats nor sharps in its signature; also, the third note of the relative minor scale of the same. (b) C after the clef is the mark of common time, in which each measure is a semibreve (four fourths or crotchets); for alla breve time it is written [?]. (c) The [bd]C clef,[b8] a modification of the letter C, placed on any line of the staff, shows that line to be middle C. 3. As a numeral, C stands for Latin centum or 100, CC for 200, etc. {C spring}, a spring in the form of the letter C. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Gastropoda \[d8]Gas*trop"o*da\, n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. [?], [?], stomach + -poda.] (Zo[94]l.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See {Mollusca}. [Written also {Gasteropoda}.] Note: The Gastropoda are divided into three subclasses; viz.: ({a}) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. ({b}) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. ({c}) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
C G S \C. G. S.\ An abbreviation for {Centimeter}, {Gram}, {Second}. -- applied to a system of units much employed in physical science, based upon the centimeter as the unit of length, the gram as the unit of weight or mass, and the second as the unit of time. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cisco \Cis"co\, n. (Zo[94]l.) The Lake herring ({Coregonus Artedi}), valuable food fish of the Great Lakes of North America. The name is also applied to {C. Hoyi}, a related species of Lake Michigan. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Eugenol \Eu"ge*nol\, n. [Eugenia + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless, aromatic, liquid hydrocarbon, {C10H12O2} resembling the phenols, and hence also called {eugenic acid}. It is found in the oils of pimento and cloves. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Thymol \Thym"ol\, n. [Thyme + -ol.] (Chem.) A phenol derivative of cymene, {C10H13.OH}, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties; -- called also {hydroxy cymene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carvacrol \Car"va*crol\, n. (Chem.) A thick oily liquid, {C10H13.OH}, of a strong taste and disagreeable odor, obtained from oil of caraway ({Carum carui}). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Turpentine \Tur"pen*tine\, n. [F. t[82]r[82]bentine, OF. also turbentine; cf. Pr. terebentina, terbentina, It. terebentina, trementina; fr. L. terebinthinus of the turpentine tree, from terebinthus the turpentine tree. Gr. [?], [?]. See {Terebinth}.] A semifluid or fluid oleoresin, primarily the exudation of the terebinth, or turpentine, tree ({Pistacia Terebinthus}), a native of the Mediterranean region. It is also obtained from many coniferous trees, especially species of pine, larch, and fir. Note: There are many varieties of turpentine. Chian turpentine is produced in small quantities by the turpentine tree ({Pistacia Terebinthus}). Venice, Swiss, or larch turpentine, is obtained from {Larix Europ[91]a}. It is a clear, colorless balsam, having a tendency to solidify. Canada turpentine, or Canada balsam, is the purest of all the pine turpentines (see under {Balsam}). The Carpathian and Hungarian varieties are derived from {Pinus Cembra} and {Pinus Mugho}. Carolina turpentine, the most abundant kind, comes from the long-leaved pine ({Pinus palustris}). Strasburg turpentine is from the silver fir ({Abies pectinata}). {Oil of turpentine} (Chem.), a colorless oily hydrocarbon, {C10H16}, of a pleasant aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of crude turpentine. It is used in making varnishes, in medicine, etc. It is the type of the terpenes and is related to cymene. Called also {terebenthene}, {terpene}, etc. {Turpentine moth} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of small tortricid moths whose larv[91] eat the tender shoots of pine and fir trees, causing an exudation of pitch or resin. {Turpentine tree} (Bot.), the terebinth tree, the original source of turpentine. See {Turpentine}, above. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Camphene \Cam"phene\, n. (Chem.) One of a series of substances {C10H16}, resembling camphor, regarded as modified terpenes. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carvene \Car"vene\, n. [F. carvi caraway.] An oily substance, {C10H16}, extracted from oil caraway. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Camphor \Cam"phor\, n. [OE. camfere, F. camphre (cf. It. camfara, Sp. camfara, alcanfor, LL. camfora, camphara, NGr. [?]), fr. Ar. k[be]f[d4]r, prob. fr. Skr. karp[d4]ra.] 1. A tough, white, aromatic resin, or gum, obtained from different species of the {Laurus} family, esp. from {Cinnamomum camphara} (the {Laurus camphara} of Linn[91]us.). Camphor, {C10H16O}, is volatile and fragrant, and is used in medicine as a diaphoretic, a stimulant, or sedative. 2. A gum resembling ordinary camphor, obtained from a tree ({Dryobalanops camphora}) growing in Sumatra and Borneo; -- called also {Malay camphor}, {camphor of Borneo}, or {borneol}. See {Borneol}. Note: The name camphor is also applied to a number of bodies of similar appearance and properties, as {cedar camphor}, obtained from the red or pencil cedar ({Juniperus Virginiana}), and {peppermint camphor}, or {menthol}, obtained from the oil of peppermint. {Camphor oil} (Chem.), name variously given to certain oil-like products, obtained especially from the camphor tree. {Camphor tree}, a large evergreen tree ({Cinnamomum Camphora}) with lax, smooth branches and shining triple-nerved lanceolate leaves, probably native in China, but now cultivated in most warm countries. Camphor is collected by a process of steaming the chips of the wood and subliming the product. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Camphoric \Cam*phor"ic\, a. [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor. {Camphoric acid}, a white crystallizable substance, {C10H16O4}, obtained from the oxidation of camphor. Note: Other acid of camphor are campholic acid, {C10H18O2}, and camphoronic acid, {C9H12O5}, white crystallizable substances. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Borneol \Bor"ne*ol\, n. [Borneo + -ol.] (Chem.) A rare variety of camphor, {C10H17.OH}, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra ({Dryobalanops camphora}), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also {Borneo camphor}, {Malay camphor}, and {camphol}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Rutylene \Ru"ty*lene\, n. (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C10H18}, of the acetylene series. It is produced artificially. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Camphoric \Cam*phor"ic\, a. [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor. {Camphoric acid}, a white crystallizable substance, {C10H16O4}, obtained from the oxidation of camphor. Note: Other acid of camphor are campholic acid, {C10H18O2}, and camphoronic acid, {C9H12O5}, white crystallizable substances. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Decene \De"cene\, n. [L. decem ten.] (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons, {C10H20}, of the ethylene series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Diamylene \Di*am"y*lene\, n. [Pref. di- + amylene.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C10H20}, of the ethylene series, regarded as a polymeric form of amylene. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Decyl \De"cyl\, n. [L. decem ten + -yl.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, {C10H21}, never existing alone, but regarded as the characteristic constituent of a number of compounds of the paraffin series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Decane \Dec"ane\, n. [See {Deca-}.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C10H22}, of the paraffin series, including several isomeric modifications. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Naphthoquinone \Naph`tho*qui"none\, n. [Naphthalene + quinone.] (Chem.) A yellow crystalline substance, {C10H6O2}, analogous to quinone, obtained by oxidizing naphthalene with chromic acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Naphthalene \Naph"tha*lene\, n. (Chem.) A white crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon, {C10H8}, analogous to benzene, and obtained by the distillation of certain bituminous materials, such as the heavy oil of coal tar. It is the type and basis of a large number of derivatives among organic compounds. Formerly called also {naphthaline}. {Naphthalene red} (Chem.), a dyestuff obtained from certain diazo derivatives of naphthylamine, and called also {magdala red}. {Naphthalene yellow} (Chem.), a yellow dyestuff obtained from certain nitro derivatives of naphthol. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Furoin \Fu"ro*in\, n. [See {Furfurol}.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline substance, {C10H8O4}, from furfurol. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sinapic \Sin"a*pic\, a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to sinapine; specifically, designating an acid ({C11H12O5}) related to gallic acid, and obtained by the decomposition of sinapine, as a white crystalline substance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Undecolic \Un`de*col"ic\, a. [Undecylenic + propiolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, {C11H18O2}, of the propiolic acid series, obtained indirectly from undecylenic acid as a white crystalline substance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Undecylenic \Un*dec`y*len"ic\, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid {C11H20O2}, homologous with acrylic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by the distillation of castor oil. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Undecylic \Un`de*cyl"ic\, a. (Chem.) Related to, derived from, or containing, undecyl; specifically, designating that member of the fatty acids which corresponds to undecane, and is obtained as a white crystalline substance, {C11H22O2}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Undecane \Un"de*cane\, n. [L. undecim eleven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C11H24}, of the methane series, found in petroleum; -- so called from its containing eleven carbon atoms in the molecule. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Endecane \En"de*cane\, n. [Gr. [?] eleven.] (Chem.) One of the higher hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, {C11H24}, found as a constituent of petroleum. [Written also {hendecane}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hendecane \Hen"de*cane\, n. [Gr. "e`ndeka eleven.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C11H24}, of the paraffin series; -- so called because it has eleven atoms of carbon in each molecule. Called also {endecane}, {undecane}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sugar \Sug"ar\, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. az[a3]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [87]arkar[be] sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. {Saccharine}, {Sucrose}.] 1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below. Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See {Carbohydrate}. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula {C6H12O6}, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula {C12H22O11}. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. {Sucrose}), and they act on polarized light. 2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste. 3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] {Acorn sugar}. See {Quercite}. {Cane sugar}, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See {Sucrose}. {Diabetes}, [or] {Diabetic}, {sugar} (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. {Fruit sugar}. See under {Fruit}, and {Fructose}. {Grape sugar}, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See {Dextrose}, and {Glucose}. {Invert sugar}. See under {Invert}. {Malt sugar}, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See {Maltose}. {Manna sugar}, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See {Mannite}. {Milk sugar}, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See {Lactose}. {Muscle sugar}, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also {heart sugar}. See {Inosite}. {Pine sugar}. See {Pinite}. {Starch sugar} (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also {potato sugar}, {corn sugar}, and, inaccurately, {invert sugar}. See {Dextrose}, and {Glucose}. {Sugar barek}, one who refines sugar. {Sugar beet} (Bot.), a variety of beet ({Beta vulgaris}) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. {Sugar berry} (Bot.), the hackberry. {Sugar bird} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera {C[d2]reba}, {Dacnis}, and allied genera belonging to the family {C[d2]rebid[91]}. They are allied to the honey eaters. {Sugar bush}. See {Sugar orchard}. {Sugar camp}, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. {Sugar candian}, sugar candy. [Obs.] {Sugar candy}, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. {Sugar cane} (Bot.), a tall perennial grass ({Saccharum officinarium}), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. {Sugar loaf}. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf? --J. Webster. {Sugar maple} (Bot.), the rock maple ({Acer saccharinum}). See {Maple}. {Sugar mill}, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. {Sugar mite}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) A small mite ({Tyroglyphus sacchari}), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. {Sugar of lead}. See {Sugar}, 2, above. {Sugar of milk}. See under {Milk}. {Sugar orchard}, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, {sugar bush}. [U.S.] --Bartlett. {Sugar pine} (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree ({Pinus Lambertiana}) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. {Sugar squirrel} (Zo[94]l.), an Australian flying phalanger ({Belideus sciureus}), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under {Phlanger}. {Sugar tongs}, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. {Sugar tree}. (Bot.) See {Sugar maple}, above. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sucrose \Su"crose`\, n. [F. sucre sugar. See {Sugar}.] (Chem.) A common variety of sugar found in the juices of many plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, sugar maple, beet root, etc. It is extracted as a sweet, white crystalline substance which is valuable as a food product, and, being antiputrescent, is largely used in the preservation of fruit. Called also {saccharose}, {cane sugar}, etc. By extension, any one of the class of isomeric substances (as lactose, maltose, etc.) of which sucrose proper is the type. Note: Sucrose proper is a dextrorotatory carbohydrate, {C12H22O11}. It does not reduce Fehling's solution, and though not directly fermentable, yet on standing with yeast it is changed by the diastase present to invert sugar (dextrose and levulose), which then breaks down to alcohol and carbon dioxide. It is also decomposed to invert sugar by heating with acids, whence it is also called a {disaccharate} | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lauric \Lau"ric\, a. Pertaining to, or derived from, the European bay or laurel ({Laurus nobilis}). {Lauric acid} (Chem.), a white, crystalline substance, {C12H24O2}, resembling palmitic acid, and obtained from the fruit of the bay tree, and other sources. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Dodecane \Do"de*cane\, n. [Gr. [?] twelve.] (Chem.) Any one of a group of thick oily hydrocarbons, {C12H26}, of the paraffin series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sequoi89ne \Se*quoi"[89]ne\, n. (Chem.) A hydrocarbon ({C13H10}) obtained in white fluorescent crystals, in the distillation products of the needles of the California [bd]big tree[b8] ({Sequoia gigantea}). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Fluorene \Flu`or*ene\, n. (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, {C13H10} having a beautiful violet fluorescence; whence its name. It occurs in the higher boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tridecatylene \Tri`de*cat"y*lene\ (tr[isl]`d[esl]*k[acr]t"[icr]*l[emac]n), n. [Pref. tri-+ Gr. de`katos tenth + E. ethylene.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C13H26}, of the ethylene series, corresponding to tridecane, and obtained from Burmah petroleum as a light colorless liquid; -- called also {tridecylene}, and {tridecene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tridecane \Tri*dec"ane\ (tr[isl]*d[ecr]k"[amac]n), n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. [?] ten. So called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C13H28}, of the methane series, which is a probable ingredient both of crude petroleum and of kerosene, and is produced artificially as a light colorless liquid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Phenanthrene \Phe*nan"threne\, n. [Phenyl + antracene.] (Chem.) A complex hydrocarbon, {C14H10}, found in coal tar, and obtained as a white crystalline substance with a bluish fluorescence. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tolane \To*lane"\, n. [From {Toluene}.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C14H10}, related both to the acetylene and the aromatic series, and produced artificially as a white crystalline substance; -- called also {diphenyl acetylene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tannic \Tan"nic\, a. Of or pertaining to tan; derived from, or resembling, tan; as, tannic acid. {Tannic acid}. (Chem.) (a) An acid obtained from nutgalls as a yellow amorphous substance, {C14H10O9}, having an astringent taste, and forming with ferric salts a bluish-black compound, which is the basis of common ink. Called also {tannin}, and {gallotannic acid}. (b) By extension, any one of a series of astringent substances resembling tannin proper, widely diffused through the vegetable kingdom, as in oak bark, willow, catechu, tea, coffee, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Stilbene \Stil"bene\, n. [See {Stilbite}.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C14H12}, produced artificially in large, fine crystals; -- called also {diphenyl ethylene}, {toluylene}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Benzoin \Ben*zoin"\ (b[ecr]n*zoin"), n. [Cf. F. benjoin, Sp. benjui, Pg. beijoin; all fr. Ar. lub[be]n-j[be]w[c6] incense form Sumatra (named Java in Arabic), the first syllable being lost. Cf. {Benjamin}.] Note: [Called also {benjamin}.] 1. A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from the {Styrax benzoin}, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. 2. A white crystalline substance, {C14H12O2}, obtained from benzoic aldehyde and some other sources. 3. (Bot.) The spicebush ({Lindera benzoin}). {Flowers of benzoin}, benzoic acid. See under {Benzoic}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ditolyl \Di*tol"yl\, n. [Pref. di- + tolyl.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline, aromatic hydrocarbon, {C14H14}, consisting of two radicals or residues of toluene. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Curcumin \Cur"cu*min\ (-m?n), n. (Chem.) The coloring principle of turmeric, or curcuma root, extracted as an orange yellow crystalline substance, {C14H14O4}, with a green fluorescence. Note: It possesses acid properties and with alkalies forms brownish salts. This change in color from yellow to brown is the characteristic reaction of tumeric paper. See {Turmeric paper}, under {Turmeric}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lichenic \Li*chen"ic\ (l[isl]*k[ecr]n"[icr]k), a. Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, lichens. {Lichenic acid}. (a) An organic acid, {C14H24O3}, obtained from Iceland moss. (b) An old name of fumaric acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetradecane \Tet`ra*dec"ane\, n. [Tetra- + Gr. [?] ten.] (Chem.) A light oily hydrocarbon, {C14H30}, of the marsh-gas series; -- so called from the fourteen carbon atoms in the molecule. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Alizarin \A*liz"a*rin\, n. [F. alizarine, fr. alizari.] (Chem.) A coloring principle, {C14H6O2(OH)2}, found in madder, and now produced artificially from anthracene. It produces the Turkish reds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ellagic \El*lag"ic\, a. [F., fr. galle gall (with the letters reversed).] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, gallnuts or gallic acid; as, ellagic acid. {Ellagic acid} (Chem.), a white crystalline substance, {C14H8O9}, found in bezoar stones, and obtained by the oxidation of gallic acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Emodin \Em"o*din\, n. (Chem.) An orange-red crystalline substance, {C15H10O5}, obtained from the buckthorn, rhubarb, etc., and regarded as a derivative of anthraquinone; -- so called from a species of rhubarb ({Rheum emodei}). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cedrene \Ce"drene\ (s[emac]"dr[emac]n), n. (Chem.) A rich aromatic oil, {C15H24}, extracted from oil of red cedar, and regarded as a polymeric terpene; also any one of a class of similar substances, as the essential oils of cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc., of which cedrene proper is the type. [Written also {cedren}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Quindecone \Quin*dec"one\, n. [L. quindecim fifteen.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, {C15H26}, of the valylene series, produced artificially as an oily liquid. [Written also {quindekone}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pentadecane \Pen`ta*dec"ane\, n. [Penta- + Gr. [?] ten.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, ({C15H32}) found in petroleum, tar oil, etc., and obtained as a colorless liquid; -- so called from the fifteen carbon atoms in the molecule. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyrene \Py"rene\, n. [Gr. [?] fire.] (Chem.) One of the less volatile hydrocarbons of coal tar, obtained as a white crystalline substance, {C16H10}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
brasilein \bra*sil"e*in\, {C16H12O5}, to which brazilwood owes its dyeing properties. Brasque \Brasque\, n. [F.] (Metal.) A paste made by mixing powdered charcoal, coal, or coke with clay, molasses, tar, or other suitable substance. It is used for lining hearths, crucibles, etc. Called also {steep}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hematein \Hem`a*te"in\, n. [Gr. [?], [?], blood.] (Chem.) A reddish brown or violet crystalline substance, {C16H12O6}, got from hematoxylin by partial oxidation, and regarded as analogous to the phthaleins. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Brasilin \Bras"i*lin\, n. [Cf. F. br[82]siline. See 2d {Brazil}.] (Chem.) A substance, {C16H14O5}, extracted from brazilwood as a yellow crystalline powder which is white when pure. It is colored intensely red by alkalies on exposure to the air, being oxidized to | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
H91matexylin \H[91]m`a*tex"y*lin\, n. [See {H[91]matoxylon}.] (Chem.) The coloring principle of logwood. It is obtained as a yellow crystalline substance, {C16H14O6}, with a sweetish taste. Formerly called also {hematin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cetene \Ce"tene\, n. [See {Cete}.] (Chem.) An oily hydrocarbon, {C16H32}, of the ethylene series, obtained from spermaceti. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cetyl \Ce"tyl\, n. [Gr. [?] whale + -yl.] (Chem.) A radical, {C16H33}, not yet isolated, but supposed to exist in a series of compounds homologous with the ethyl compounds, and derived from spermaceti. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hexdecyl \Hex"de*cyl\, n. [Hex- + decyl.] (Chem.) The essential radical, {C16H33}, of hecdecane. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ethal \Eth"al\, n. [Ether + alcohol: cf. F. [82]thal.] (Chem.) A white waxy solid, {C16H33.OH}; -- called also {cetylic alcohol}. See {Cetylic alcohol}, under {Cetylic}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hecdecane \Hec"de*cane\, n. [Gr. [?] six + [?] ten.] (Chem.) A white, semisolid, spermaceti-like hydrocarbon, {C16H34}, of the paraffin series, found dissolved as an important ingredient of kerosene, and so called because each molecule has sixteen atoms of carbon; -- called also {hexadecane}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Roccellic \Roc*cel"lic\, a. [F. roccellique, fr. roccelle archil, It. & NL. roccella, fr. It. rocca a rock, because archil grows on rock.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a dibasic acid of the oxalic series found in archil ({Roccella tinctoria}, etc.), and other lichens, and extracted as a white crystalline substance {C17H32O4}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Margaric \Mar*gar"ic\, a. [Cf. F. margarique. See {Margarite}.] Pertaining to, or resembling, pearl; pearly. {Margaric acid}. (a) (Physiol. Chem.) A fatty body, crystallizing in pearly scales, and obtained by digesting saponified fats (soaps) with an acid. It was formerly supposed to be an individual fatty acid, but is now known to be simply an intimate mixture of stearic and palmitic acids. (b) (Chem.) A white, crystalline substance, {C17H34O2} of the fatty acid series, intermediate between palmitic and stearic acids, and obtained from the wax of certain lichens, from cetyl cyanide, and other sources. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chrysene \Chry"sene\, n. [Gr. chryso`s gold.] (Chem.) One of the higher aromatic hydrocarbons of coal tar, allied to naphthalene and anthracene. It is a white crystalline substance, {C18H12}, of strong blue fluorescence, but generally colored yellow by impurities. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nondecane \Non*dec"ane\, n. [L. nonus ninth + decem ten.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon of the paraffin series, a white waxy substance, {C19H40}; -- so called from the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Fluorescein \Flu`o*res"ce*in\, n. (Chem.) A yellowish red, crystalline substance, {C20H12O5}, produced by heating together phthalic anhydride and resorcin; -- so called, from the very brilliant yellowish green fluorescence of its alkaline solutions. It has acid properties, and its salts of the alkalies are known to the trade under the name of uranin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Dinaphthyl \Di*naph"thyl\, n. [Pref. di- + naphthylene.] (Chem.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, {C20H14}, obtained from naphthylene, and consisting of a doubled naphthylene radical. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Rosolic \Ro*sol"ic\, a. [Rose + carbolic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, a complex red dyestuff (called rosolic acid) which is analogous to rosaniline and aurin. It is produced by oxidizing a mixture of phenol and cresol, as a dark red amorphous mass, {C20H16O3}, which forms weak salts with bases, and stable ones with acids. Called also {methyl aurin}, and, formerly, {corallin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Erythrin \E*ryth"rin\, Erythrine \E*ryth"rine\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red.] 1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, {C20H22O10}, extracted from certain lichens, as the various species of {Rocella}. It is a derivative of orsellinic acid. So called because of certain red compounds derived from it. Called also {erythric} acid. 2. (Min.) See {Erythrite}, 2. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Eikosylene \Ei*kos"y*lene\, n. [Gr. e'i`kosi twenty + acetylene.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C20H38}, of the acetylene series, obtained from brown coal. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Eikosane \Ei"ko*sane\, n. [Gr. e'i`kosi.] (Chem.) A solid hydrocarbon, {C20H42}, of the paraffine series, of artificial production, and also probably occurring in petroleum. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cerulein \Ce*ru"le*in\, n. [L. caeruleus sky-blue.] (Chem.) A fast dyestuff, {C20H8O6}, made by heating gallein with strong sulphuric acid. It dyes mordanted fabrics green. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Trikosane \Tri"ko*sane\, n. [Pref. tri- + Gr. [?] twenty.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C23H48}, of the methane series, resembling paraffin; -- so called because it has twenty-three atoms of carbon in the molecule. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetrakosane \Tet"ra*ko*sane`\, n. [Tetra- + Gr. [?] twenty.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C24H50}, resembling paraffin, and like it belonging to the marsh-gas series; -- so called from having twenty-four atoms of carbon in the molecule. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hexeikosane \Hex*ei"ko*sane\, n. [Hex- + eikosane.] (chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C26H54}, resembling paraffine; -- so called because each molecule has twenty-six atoms of carbon. [Written also {hexacosane}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ceryl \Ce"ryl\, n. [L. cera wax + -yl.] (Chem.) A radical, {C27H55} supposed to exist in several compounds obtained from Chinese wax, beeswax, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cerotin \Cer"o*tin\, n. [See {Cerotene}.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, {C27H55.OH}, obtained from Chinese wax, and regarded as an alcohol of the marsh gas series; -- called also {cerotic alcohol}, {ceryl alcohol}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Vinyl \Vi"nyl\, n. [L. vinum wine + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical {C2H3}, regarded as the characteristic residue of ethylene and that related series of unsaturated hydrocarbons with which the allyl compounds are homologous. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ethylene \Eth"yl*ene\ (-[emac]n), n. [From {Ethyl}.] (Chem.) A colorless, gaseous hydrocarbon, {C2H4}, forming an important ingredient of illuminating gas, and also obtained by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid in alcohol. It is an unsaturated compound and combines directly with chlorine and bromine to form oily liquids (Dutch liquid), -- hence called {olefiant gas}. Called also {ethene}, {elayl}, and formerly, {bicarbureted hydrogen}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ethylidene \E*thyl"i*dene\ (Chem.) An unsymmetrical, divalent, hydrocarbon radical, {C2H4} metameric with ethylene but written thus, {CH3.CH} to distinguish it from the symmetrical ethylene, {CH2.CH2}. Its compounds are derived from aldehyde. Formerly called also {ethidene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aldehyde \Al"de*hyde\, n. [Abbrev. fr. alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of its hydrogen.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain processes of oxidation. Note: The aldehydes are intermediate between the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common aldehyde (called also {acetic aldehyde} or {ethyl aldehyde}), {C2H4O}; methyl aldehyde, {CH2O}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Formula \For"mu*la\, n.; pl. E. {Formulas}, L. {Formul[91]}. [L., dim. of forma form, model. See{Form}, n.] 1. A prescribed or set form; an established rule; a fixed or conventional method in which anything is to be done, arranged, or said. 2. (Eccl.) A written confession of faith; a formal statement of foctrines. 3. (Math.) A rule or principle expressed in algebraic language; as, the binominal formula. 4. (Med.) A prescription or recipe for the preparation of a medicinal compound. 5. (Chem.) A symbolic expression (by means of letters, figures, etc.) of the constituents or constitution of a compound. Note: Chemical formul[91] consist of the abbreviations of the names of the elements, with a small figure at the lower right hand, to denote the number of atoms of each element contained. {Empirical formula} (Chem.), an expression which gives the simple proportion of the constituents; as, the empirical formula of acetic acid is {C2H4O2}. {Graphic formula}, {Rational formula} (Chem.), an expression of the constitution, and in a limited sense of the structure, of a compound, by the grouping of its atoms or radicals; as, a rational formula of acetic acid is {CH3.(C:O).OH}; -- called also {structural formula}, {constitutional formula}, etc. See also the formula of {Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}. {Molecular formula} (Chem.), a formula indicating the supposed molecular constitution of a compound. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Glycol \Gly"col\, n. [Glycerin + -ol. See {Glycerin}.] (Chem.) (a) A thick, colorless liquid, {C2H4(OH)2}, of a sweetish taste, produced artificially from certain ethylene compounds. It is a diacid alcohol, intermediate between ordinary ethyl alcohol and glycerin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ethylate \Eth"y*late\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Ethylated}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Ethylating}.] [From {Ethyl}.] (Chem.) To treat in such a way as to cause the introduction of one or more ethyl groups, {C2H5}; as, to ethylate alcohol. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ethyl \Eth"yl\, n. [Ether + -yl.] (Chem.) A monatomic, hydrocarbon radical, {C2H5} of the paraffin series, forming the essential radical of ethane, and of common alcohol and ether. {Ethyl aldehyde}. (Chem.) See {Aldehyde}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
2. Supposed matter above the air; the air itself. 3. (Chem.) (a) A light, volatile, mobile, inflammable liquid, {(C2H5)2O}, of a characteristic aromatic odor, obtained by the distillation of alcohol with sulphuric acid, and hence called also {sulphuric ether}. It is powerful solvent of fats, resins, and pyroxylin, but finds its chief use as an an[91]sthetic. Called also {ethyl oxide}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([acr]l"k[osl]*h[ocr]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. {Alquifou}.] 1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.] 2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] --Boyle. 3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also {ethyl alcohol}); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation. Note: As used in the U. S. [bd]Pharmacop[oe]ia,[b8] alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water. 4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or {ethyl alcohol} ({C2H5.OH}); methyl forms {methyl alcohol} ({CH3.OH}) or {wood spirit}; amyl forms {amyl alcohol} ({C5H11.OH}) or {fusel oil}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ethane \Eth"ane\, n. [From {Ether}.] (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, {C2H6}, forming a constituent of ordinary illuminating gas. It is the second member of the paraffin series, and its most important derivatives are common alcohol, aldehyde, ether, and acetic acid. Called also {dimethyl}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Homology \Ho*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. [?] agreement. See {Homologous}.] 1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof similar polygons. 2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure. Note: Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See {Homotypy}, and {Homogeny}. 3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, {CH4}, ethane, {C2H6}, propane, {C3H8}, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. {Heterology}. {General homology} (Biol.), the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted. --Owen. {Serial homology} (Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series. --Owen. See {Homotypy}. {Special homology} (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection. --Owen. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Oxalyl \Ox"a*lyl\, n. [Oxalic + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A hydrocarbon radical ({C2O2}) regarded as a residue of oxalic acid and occurring in derivatives of it. (b) An old name for {carbonyl}. (c) An old name for {carboxyl}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Melene \Mel"ene\, n. [Melissic + ethylene.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, {C30H60}, of the ethylene series, obtained from beeswax as a white, scaly, crystalline wax; -- called also {melissene}, and {melissylene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Allylene \Al"ly*lene\, n. (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, {C3H4}, homologous with acetylene; propine. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Propenyl \Pro"pe*nyl\, n. [Propene + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon radical, {C3H5}, isomeric with allyl and glyceryl, and regarded as the essential residue of glycerin. Cf. {Allyl}, and {Glyceryl}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Allyl \Al"lyl\, n. [L. allium garlic + -yl.] (Chem.) An organic radical, {C3H5}, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Glyceryl \Glyc"er*yl\, n. [Glycerin + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, {C3H5}, regarded as the essential radical of glycerin. It is metameric with allyl. Called also {propenyl}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Propionyl \Pro"pi*o*nyl\, n. (Chem.) The hypothetical radical {C3H5O}, regarded as the essential residue of propionic acid and certain related compounds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Glycerin \Glyc"er*in\, Glycerine \Glyc"er*ine\, n. [F. glyc[82]rine, fr. Gr. glykero`s, glyky`s, sweet. Cf. {Glucose}, {Licorice}.] (Chem.) An oily, viscous liquid, {C3H5(OH)3}, colorless and odorless, and with a hot, sweetish taste, existing in the natural fats and oils as the base, combined with various acids, as oleic, margaric, stearic, and palmitic. It is a triatomic alcohol, and hence is also called {glycerol}. See Note under {Gelatin}. Note: It is obtained from fats by saponification, or, on a large scale, by the action of superheated steam. It is used as an ointment, as a solvent and vehicle for medicines, and as an adulterant in wine, beer, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Propylene \Pro"pyl*ene\, n. [Cf. F. propyl[8a]ne.] (Chem.) A colorless gaseous hydrocarbon ({C3H6}) of the ethylene series, having a garlic odor. It occurs in coal gas, and is produced artificially in various ways. Called also {propene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Trimethylene \Tri*meth"yl*ene\, n. (Chem.) A gaseous hydrocarbon, {C3H6}, isomeric with propylene and obtained from it indirectly. It is the base of a series of compounds analogous to the aromatic hydrocarbons. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Lactic \Lac"tic\, a. [L. lac, lactis, milk: cf. F. lactique. See {Lacteal}, and cf. {Galactic}.] (Physiol. Chem.) Of or pertaining to milk; procured from sour milk or whey; as, lactic acid; lactic fermentation, etc. {Lactic acid} (Physiol. Chem.), a sirupy, colorless fluid, soluble in water, with an intensely sour taste and strong acid reaction. There are at least three isomeric modifications all having the formula {C3H6O3}. Sarcolactic or paralactic acid occurs chiefly in dead muscle tissue, while ordinary lactic acid results from fermentation. The two acids are alike in having the same constitution (expressed by the name ethylidene lactic acid), but the latter is optically inactive, while sarcolactic acid rotates the plane of polarization to the right. The third acid, ethylene lactic acid, accompanies sarcolactic acid in the juice of flesh, and is optically inactive. {Lactic ferment}, an organized ferment ({Bacterium lacticum [or] lactis}), which produces lactic fermentation, decomposing the sugar of milk into carbonic and lactic acids, the latter, of which renders the milk sour, and precipitates the casein, thus giving rise to the so-called spontaneous coagulation of milk. {Lactic fermentation}. See under {Fermentation}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Propyl \Pro"pyl\, n. [Propionic + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical {C3H7}, regarded as the essential residue of propane and related compounds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Propane \Pro"pane\, n. [Propyl + methane.] (Chem.) A heavy gaseous hydrocarbon, {C3H8}, of the paraffin series, occurring naturally dissolved in crude petroleum, and also made artificially; -- called also {propyl hydride}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Homology \Ho*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. [?] agreement. See {Homologous}.] 1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof similar polygons. 2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure. Note: Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See {Homotypy}, and {Homogeny}. 3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, {CH4}, ethane, {C2H6}, propane, {C3H8}, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. {Heterology}. {General homology} (Biol.), the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted. --Owen. {Serial homology} (Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series. --Owen. See {Homotypy}. {Special homology} (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection. --Owen. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetrol \Tet"rol\, n. [Tetra- + benzol.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, {C4H4}, analogous to benzene; -- so called from the four carbon atoms in the molecule. {Tetrol phenol}, furfuran. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Furfuran \Fur"fu*ran\, n. [L. furfur bran.] (Chem.) A colorless, oily substance, {C4H4O}, obtained by distilling certain organic substances, as pine wood, salts of pyromucic acid, etc.; -- called also {tetraphenol}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Glycolide \Gly"co*lide\, n. [Glycol + anhydride.] (Chem.) A white amorphous powder, {C4H4O}, obtained by heating and dehydrating glycolic acid. [Written also {glycollide}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tartrelic \Tar*trel"ic\, a. [From {Tartar} the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an anhydride, {C4H4O5}, of tartaric acid, obtained as a white crystalline deliquescent substance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Crotonylene \Cro*ton"y*lene\ (kr?-t?n"?-l?n), n. [Crotonic + acet-ylene.] (Chem.) A colorless, volatile, pungent liquid, {C4H6}, produced artificially, and regarded as an unsaturated hydrocarbon of the acetylene series, and analogous to crotonic acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetracid \Tet*rac"id\, a. [Tetra + acid.] (Chem.) Capable of neutralizing four molecules of a monobasic acid; having four hydrogen atoms capable of replacement ba acids or acid atoms; -- said of certain bases; thus, erythrine, {C4H6(OH)4}, is a tetracid alcohol. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Erythrite \E*ryth"rite\, n. [Gr. 'eryqro`s red.] 1. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, {C4H6.(OH)4}, of a sweet, cooling taste, extracted from certain lichens, and obtained by the decomposition of erythrin; -- called also {erythrol}, {erythroglucin}, {erythromannite}, {pseudorcin}, {cobalt bloom}, and under the name {phycite} obtained from the alga {Protococcus vulgaris}. It is a tetrabasic alcohol, corresponding to glycol and glycerin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Butyryl \Bu"ty*ryl\, n. [Butyric + -yl.] (Chem.) The radical ({C4H7O}) of butyric acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetramethylene \Tet`ra*meth"yl*ene\, n. [Tetra- + methylene.] (Chem.) (a) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, {C4H8}, analogous to trimethylene, and regarded as the base of well-known series or derivatives. (b) Sometimes, an isomeric radical used to designate certain compounds which are really related to butylene. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Butylene \Bu"ty*lene\, n. [From {Butyl}.] (Chem.) Any one of three metameric hydrocarbons, {C4H8}, of the ethylene series. They are gaseous or easily liquefiable. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aldol \Al"dol\, n. [Aldehyde + -ol as in alcohol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, {C4H8O2}, obtained by condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde: CH3CHO + CH3CHO = H3CH(OH)CH2CO; also, any of various derivatives of this. The same reaction has been applied, under the name of {aldol condensation}, to the production of many compounds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pentamethylene \Pen`ta*meth"yl*ene\, n. [Penta- + methylene.] (Chem.) A hypothetical hydrocarbon, {C5H10}, metameric with the amylenes, and the nucleus of a large number of derivatives; -- so named because regarded as composed of five methylene residues. Cf. {Trimethylene}, and {Tetramethylene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Amylene \Am"y*lene\, n. (Chem.) One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons, {C5H10}, of the ethylene series. The colorless, volatile, mobile liquid commonly called amylene is a mixture of different members of the group. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pentose \Pen"tose\, n. [Penta- + -ose.] (Chem.) Any of a group of sugars of the formula {C5H10O5}, as arabinose; -- so called from the five carbon atoms in the molecule. They are not fermented by yeast. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Xylose \Xy"lose\, n. [Pref. xylo- + -ose.] (Chem.) An unfermentable sugar of the pentose class, {C5H10O5}, formed by the hydrolysis of xylan; wood sugar. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Arabinose \Ar"a*bin*ose`\, n. (Chem.) A sugar of the composition {C5H10O5}, obtained from cherry gum by boiling it with dilute sulphuric acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pentyl \Pen"tyl\, n. [Penta + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical, {C5H11}, of pentane and certain of its derivatives. Same as {Amyl}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Amyl \Am"yl\, n. [L. amylum starch + -yl. Cf. {Amidin}.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, {C5H11}, of the paraffine series found in amyl alcohol or fusel oil, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Amyl alcohol \Am"yl al"co*hol\ (Org. Chem.) Any of eight isomeric liquid compounds, {C5H11OH}; ordinarily, a mixture of two of these forming a colorless liquid with a peculiar cough-exciting odor and burning taste, the chief constituent of fusel oil. It is used as a source of amyl compounds, such as amyl acetate, amyl nitrite, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([acr]l"k[osl]*h[ocr]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. {Alquifou}.] 1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.] 2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] --Boyle. 3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also {ethyl alcohol}); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation. Note: As used in the U. S. [bd]Pharmacop[oe]ia,[b8] alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water. 4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or {ethyl alcohol} ({C2H5.OH}); methyl forms {methyl alcohol} ({CH3.OH}) or {wood spirit}; amyl forms {amyl alcohol} ({C5H11.OH}) or {fusel oil}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pentane \Pen"tane\, n. [See {Penta-}.] (Chem.) Any one of the three metameric hydrocarbons, {C5H12}, of the methane or paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, two of which occur in petroleum. So called because of the five carbon atoms in the molecule. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyrone \Py`rone\, n. [G. pyron, an abbr. of pyrokoman.] (Org. Chem.) An unsaturated cyclic compound, {C5H4O2}, of which two varieties are known, [alpha] and [gamma]. [gamma]-pyrone is the parent substance of several natural yellow dyestuffs. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Valylene \Val"yl*ene\, n. [Valerian + -yl.] (Chem.) A volatile liquid hydrocarbon, {C5H6}, related to ethylene and acetylene, but possessing the property of unsaturation in the third degree. It is the only known member of a distinct series of compounds. It has a garlic odor. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetrinic \Te*trin"ic\, a. [See {Tetra-}.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex ketonic acid, {C5H6O3}, obtained as a white crystalline substance; -- so called because once supposed to contain a peculiar radical of four carbon atoms. Called also {acetyl-acrylic acid}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Itaconic \It`a*con"ic\, a. [From aconitic, by transposition of the letters.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, {C5H6O4}, which is obtained as a white crystalline substance by decomposing aconitic and other organic acids. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Valerylene \Val`er*yl*ene\, n. (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C5H8}; -- called also {pentine}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pentine \Pen"tine\, n. [See {Penta-}.] (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, {C5H8}, of the acetylene series. Same as {Valerylene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Levulinic \Lev`u*lin"ic\ (-l[icr]n"[icr]k), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or denoting, an acid (called also acetyl-propionic acid), {C5H8O3}, obtained by the action of dilute acids on various sugars (as levulose). [Written also {l[91]vulinic}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Valeryl \Val"er*yl\, n. [Valeric + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical radical {C5H9O}, regarded as the essential nucleus of certain valeric acid derivatives. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
{Croconic acid} (Chem.), a yellow crystalline substance, {C5O3(OH)2}, obtained from potassium carboxide, rhodizonic acid, and various phenol and quinone derivatives of benzene, and forming yellow or orange colored salts. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Mellitic \Mel*lit"ic\, a. [Cf. F. mellitique. See {Mellite}.] (Chem.) (a) Containing saccharine matter; marked by saccharine secretions; as, mellitic diabetes. (b) Pertaining to, or derived from, the mineral mellite. {Mellitic acid} (Chem.), a white, crystalline, organic substance, {C6(CO2H)6}, occurring naturally in combination with aluminium in the mineral mellite, and produced artificially by the oxidation of coal, graphite, etc., and hence called also {graphitic acid}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Diallyl \Di*al"lyl\, n. (Chem.) A volatile, pungent, liquid hydrocarbon, {C6H10}, consisting of two allyl radicals, and belonging to the acetylene series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hexine \Hex"ine\, n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon, {C6H10}, of the acetylene series, obtained artificially as a colorless, volatile, pungent liquid; -- called also {hexoylene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Metacetone \Me*tac"e*tone\, n. [Pref. met- + acetone.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid of an agreeable odor, {C6H10O}, obtained by distilling a mixture of sugar and lime; -- so called because formerly regarded as a polymeric modification of acetone. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Saccharone \Sac"cha*rone\, n. [Saccharin + lactone.] (Chem.) (a) A white crystalline substance, {C6H8O6}, obtained by the oxidation of saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid. (b) An oily liquid, {C6H10O2}, obtained by the reduction of saccharin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Starch \Starch\, n. [From starch stiff, cf. G. st[84]rke, fr. stark strong.] 1. (Chem.) A widely diffused vegetable substance found especially in seeds, bulbs, and tubers, and extracted (as from potatoes, corn, rice, etc.) as a white, glistening, granular or powdery substance, without taste or smell, and giving a very peculiar creaking sound when rubbed between the fingers. It is used as a food, in the production of commercial grape sugar, for stiffening linen in laundries, in making paste, etc. Note: Starch is a carbohydrate, being the typical amylose, {C6H10O5}, and is detected by the fine blue color given to it by free iodine. It is not fermentable as such, but is changed by diastase into dextrin and maltose, and by heating with dilute acids into dextrose. Cf. {Sugar}, {Inulin}, and {Lichenin}. 2. Fig.: A stiff, formal manner; formality. --Addison. {Starch hyacinth} (Bot.), the grape hyacinth; -- so called because the flowers have the smell of boiled starch. See under {Grape}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hexylene \Hex"yl*ene\, n. [Hex- + -yl + ethlene.] (Chem.) A colorless, liquid hydrocarbon, {C6H12}, of the ethylene series, produced artificially, and found as a natural product of distillation of certain coals; also, any one several isomers of hexylene proper. Called also {hexene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sugar \Sug"ar\, n. [OE. sugre, F. sucre (cf. It. zucchero, Sp. az[a3]car), fr. Ar. sukkar, assukkar, fr. Skr. [87]arkar[be] sugar, gravel; cf. Per. shakar. Cf. {Saccharine}, {Sucrose}.] 1. A sweet white (or brownish yellow) crystalline substance, of a sandy or granular consistency, obtained by crystallizing the evaporated juice of certain plants, as the sugar cane, sorghum, beet root, sugar maple, etc. It is used for seasoning and preserving many kinds of food and drink. Ordinary sugar is essentially sucrose. See the Note below. Note: The term sugar includes several commercial grades, as the white or refined, granulated, loaf or lump, and the raw brown or muscovado. In a more general sense, it includes several distinct chemical compounds, as the glucoses, or grape sugars (including glucose proper, dextrose, and levulose), and the sucroses, or true sugars (as cane sugar). All sugars are carbohydrates. See {Carbohydrate}. The glucoses, or grape sugars, are ketone alcohols of the formula {C6H12O6}, and they turn the plane of polarization to the right or the left. They are produced from the amyloses and sucroses, as by the action of heat and acids of ferments, and are themselves decomposed by fermentation into alcohol and carbon dioxide. The only sugar (called acrose) as yet produced artificially belongs to this class. The sucroses, or cane sugars, are doubled glucose anhydrides of the formula {C12H22O11}. They are usually not fermentable as such (cf. {Sucrose}), and they act on polarized light. 2. By extension, anything resembling sugar in taste or appearance; as, sugar of lead (lead acetate), a poisonous white crystalline substance having a sweet taste. 3. Compliment or flattery used to disguise or render acceptable something obnoxious; honeyed or soothing words. [Colloq.] {Acorn sugar}. See {Quercite}. {Cane sugar}, sugar made from the sugar cane; sucrose, or an isomeric sugar. See {Sucrose}. {Diabetes}, [or] {Diabetic}, {sugar} (Med. Chem.), a variety of sugar (probably grape sugar or dextrose) excreted in the urine in diabetes mellitus. {Fruit sugar}. See under {Fruit}, and {Fructose}. {Grape sugar}, a sirupy or white crystalline sugar (dextrose or glucose) found as a characteristic ingredient of ripe grapes, and also produced from many other sources. See {Dextrose}, and {Glucose}. {Invert sugar}. See under {Invert}. {Malt sugar}, a variety of sugar isomeric with sucrose, found in malt. See {Maltose}. {Manna sugar}, a substance found in manna, resembling, but distinct from, the sugars. See {Mannite}. {Milk sugar}, a variety of sugar characteristic of fresh milk, and isomeric with sucrose. See {Lactose}. {Muscle sugar}, a sweet white crystalline substance isomeric with, and formerly regarded to, the glucoses. It is found in the tissue of muscle, the heart, liver, etc. Called also {heart sugar}. See {Inosite}. {Pine sugar}. See {Pinite}. {Starch sugar} (Com. Chem.), a variety of dextrose made by the action of heat and acids on starch from corn, potatoes, etc.; -- called also {potato sugar}, {corn sugar}, and, inaccurately, {invert sugar}. See {Dextrose}, and {Glucose}. {Sugar barek}, one who refines sugar. {Sugar beet} (Bot.), a variety of beet ({Beta vulgaris}) with very large white roots, extensively grown, esp. in Europe, for the sugar obtained from them. {Sugar berry} (Bot.), the hackberry. {Sugar bird} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of small South American singing birds of the genera {C[d2]reba}, {Dacnis}, and allied genera belonging to the family {C[d2]rebid[91]}. They are allied to the honey eaters. {Sugar bush}. See {Sugar orchard}. {Sugar camp}, a place in or near a sugar orchard, where maple sugar is made. {Sugar candian}, sugar candy. [Obs.] {Sugar candy}, sugar clarified and concreted or crystallized; candy made from sugar. {Sugar cane} (Bot.), a tall perennial grass ({Saccharum officinarium}), with thick short-jointed stems. It has been cultivated for ages as the principal source of sugar. {Sugar loaf}. (a) A loaf or mass of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone. (b) A hat shaped like a sugar loaf. Why, do not or know you, grannam, and that sugar loaf? --J. Webster. {Sugar maple} (Bot.), the rock maple ({Acer saccharinum}). See {Maple}. {Sugar mill}, a machine for pressing out the juice of the sugar cane, usually consisting of three or more rollers, between which the cane is passed. {Sugar mite}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) A small mite ({Tyroglyphus sacchari}), often found in great numbers in unrefined sugar. (b) The lepisma. {Sugar of lead}. See {Sugar}, 2, above. {Sugar of milk}. See under {Milk}. {Sugar orchard}, a collection of maple trees selected and preserved for purpose of obtaining sugar from them; -- called also, sometimes, {sugar bush}. [U.S.] --Bartlett. {Sugar pine} (Bot.), an immense coniferous tree ({Pinus Lambertiana}) of California and Oregon, furnishing a soft and easily worked timber. The resinous exudation from the stumps, etc., has a sweetish taste, and has been used as a substitute for sugar. {Sugar squirrel} (Zo[94]l.), an Australian flying phalanger ({Belideus sciureus}), having a long bushy tail and a large parachute. It resembles a flying squirrel. See Illust. under {Phlanger}. {Sugar tongs}, small tongs, as of silver, used at table for taking lumps of sugar from a sugar bowl. {Sugar tree}. (Bot.) See {Sugar maple}, above. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Dextrose \Dex"trose`\, n. [See {Dexter}.] (Chem.) A sirupy, or white crystalline, variety of sugar, {C6H12O6} (so called from turning the plane of polarization to the right), occurring in many ripe fruits. Dextrose and levulose are obtained by the inversion of cane sugar or sucrose, and hence called invert sugar. Dextrose is chiefly obtained by the action of heat and acids on starch, and hence called also {starch sugar}. It is also formed from starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and pancreatic juice. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carbohydrate \Car`bo*hy"drate\, n. [Carbon + hydrate.] (Physiol. Chem.) One of a group of compounds including the sugars, starches, and gums, which contain six (or some multiple of six) carbon atoms, united with a variable number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, but with the two latter always in proportion as to form water; as dextrose, {C6H12O6}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Galactose \Ga*lac"tose\, n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, {C6H12O6}, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also {lactose} (though it is not lactose proper). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Inosite \In"o*site\, n. [Gr. [?], [?], strength, muscle.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white crystalline substance with a sweet taste, found in certain animal tissues and fluids, particularly in the muscles of the heart and lungs, also in some plants, as in unripe pease, beans, potato sprouts, etc. Called also {phaseomannite}. Note: Chemically,it has the composition represented by the formula, {C6H12O6+H2O}, and was formerly regarded as a carbohydrate, isomeric with dextrose, but is now known to be an aromatic compound (a hexacid phenol derivative of benzene). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hexyl \Hex"yl\, n. [Hex- + -yl.] (chem.) A compound radical, {C6H13}, regarded as the essential residue of hexane, and a related series of compounds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hexane \Hex"ane\, n. [Gr. "e`x six.] (Chem.) Any one of five hydrocarbons, {C6H14}, of the paraffin series. They are colorless, volatile liquids, and are so called because the molecule has six carbon atoms. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Phenylene \Phe"nyl*ene\, n. (Chem.) A hypothetic radical ({C6H4}) occurring in certain derivatives of benzene; as, phenylene diamine. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Quinone \Qui"none\, n. [Quinine + ketone.] (Chem.) A crystalline substance, {C6H4O2} (called also {benzoketone}), first obtained by the oxidation of quinic acid and regarded as a double ketone; also, by extension, any one of the series of which quinone proper is the type. [Written also {chinone}, {kinone}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pyrocatechin \Pyr`o*cat"e*chin\, n. [Pyro- + catechu.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, {C6H4(OH)2}, of the phenol series, found in various plants; -- so called because first obtained by distillation of gum catechu. Called also {catechol}, {oxyphenol}. etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hydroquinone \Hy`dro*qui"none\, n. [Hydro-, 2 + quinone.] (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, {C6H4(OH)2}, obtained by the reduction of quinone. It is a diacid phenol, resembling, and metameric with, pyrocatechin and resorcin. Called also {dihydroxy benzene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Phenyl \Phe"nyl\, n. [Gr. [?] to bring to light + -yl: cf. F. ph[82]nyle. So called because it is a by-product of illuminating gas.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical ({C6H5}) regarded as the essential residue of benzene, and the basis of an immense number of aromatic derivatives. {Phenyl hydrate} (Chem.), phenol or carbolic acid. {Phenyl hydrazine} (Chem.), a nitrogenous base ({C6H5.N2H3}) produced artificially as a colorless oil which unites with acids, ketones, etc., to form well-crystallized compounds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Phenol \Phe"nol\, n. [Gr. [?] to show + -ol: cf. F. ph[82]nol.] (Chem.) 1. A white or pinkish crystalline substance, {C6H5OH}, produced by the destructive distillation of many organic bodies, as wood, coal, etc., and obtained from the heavy oil from coal tar. Note: It has a peculiar odor, somewhat resembling creosote, which is a complex mixture of phenol derivatives. It is of the type of alcohols, and is called also {phenyl alcohol}, but has acid properties, and hence is popularly called {carbolic acid}, and was formerly called {phenic acid}. It is a powerful caustic poison, and in dilute solution has been used as an antiseptic. 2. Any one of the series of hydroxyl derivatives of which phenol proper is the type. {Glacial phenol} (Chem.), pure crystallized phenol or carbolic acid. {Phenol acid} (Chem.), any one of a series of compounds which are at once derivatives of both phenol and some member of the fatty acid series; thus, salicylic acid is a phenol acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Dipropargyl \Di`pro*par"gyl\, n. [Prefix di- + propargyl.] (Chem.) A pungent, mobile, volatile liquid, {C6H6}, produced artificially from certain allyl derivatives. Though isomeric with benzine, it is very different in its chemical relations. Called also {dipropinyl}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
{Aromatic compound} (Chem.), one of a large class of organic substances, as the oils of bitter almonds, wintergreen, and turpentine, the balsams, camphors, etc., many of which have an aromatic odor. They include many of the most important of the carbon compounds and may all be derived from the benzene group, {C6H6}. The term is extended also to many of their derivatives. {Aromatic vinegar}. See under {Vinegar}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Benzene \Ben"zene\, n. [From {Benzoin}.] (Chem.) A volatile, very inflammable liquid, {C6H6}, contained in the naphtha produced by the destructive distillation of coal, from which it is separated by fractional distillation. The name is sometimes applied also to the impure commercial product or benzole, and also, but rarely, to a similar mixed product of petroleum. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
{Benzene nucleus}, {Benzene ring} (Chem.), a closed chain or ring, consisting of six carbon atoms, each with one hydrogen atom attached, regarded as the type from which the aromatic compounds are derived. This ring formula is provisionally accepted as representing the probable constitution of the benzene molecule, {C6H6}, and as the type on which its derivatives are formed. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Quercite \Quer"cite\, n. (Chem.) A white crystalline substance, {C6H7(OH)5}, found in acorns, the fruit of the oak ({Quercus}). It has a sweet taste, and is regarded as a pentacid alcohol. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hexone \Hex"one\, n. [Hex- + -one.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C6H8}, of the valylene series, obtained from distillation products of certain fats and gums. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Saccharone \Sac"cha*rone\, n. [Saccharin + lactone.] (Chem.) (a) A white crystalline substance, {C6H8O6}, obtained by the oxidation of saccharin, and regarded as the lactone of saccharonic acid. (b) An oily liquid, {C6H10O2}, obtained by the reduction of saccharin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Dulcite \Dul"cite\, n. [Cf. F. dulcite, fr. L. dulcis sweet.] (Chem.) A white, sugarlike substance, {C6H8.(OH)2}, occurring naturally in a manna from Madagascar, and in certain plants, and produced artificially by the reduction of galactose and lactose or milk sugar. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Heptone \Hep"tone\, n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C7H10}, of the valylene series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Terebic \Te*reb"ic\, a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, terbenthene (oil of turpentine); specifically, designating an acid, {C7H10O4}, obtained by the oxidation of terbenthene with nitric acid, as a white crystalline substance. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Heptine \Hep"tine\, n. [Heptane + -ine.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of unsaturated metameric hydrocarbons, {C7H12}, of the acetylene series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Heptylene \Hep"tyl*ene\, n. (Chem.) A colorless liquid hydrocarbon, {C7H14}, of the ethylene series; also, any one of its isomers. Called also {heptene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Heptyl \Hep"tyl\, n. [Hepta- + -yl.] (Chem.) A compound radical, {C7H15}, regarded as the essential radical of heptane and a related series of compounds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Heptane \Hep"tane\, n. [Gr. "epta` seven.] (Chem.) Any one of several isometric hydrocarbons, {C7H16}, of the paraffin series (nine are possible, four are known); -- so called because the molecule has seven carbon atoms. Specifically, a colorless liquid, found as a constituent of petroleum, in the tar oil of cannel coal, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Guaiacol \Guai"a*col\, n. [Guaiacum + -ol.] (Chem.) A colorless liquid, {C7H8O2}, with a peculiar odor. It is the methyl ether of pyrocatechin, and is obtained by distilling guaiacum from wood-tar creosote, and in other ways. It has been used in treating pulmonary tuberculosis. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Uvic \U"vic\, a. [L. uva grape.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, grapes; specifically, designating an organic acid, {C7H8O3} (also called pyrotritartaric acid), obtained as a white crystalline substance by the decomposition of tartaric and pyrotartaric acids. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Terebilenic \Ter`e*bi*len"ic\, a. (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, a complex acid, {C7H8O4}, obtained as a white crystalline substance by a modified oxidation of terebic acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tartralic \Tar*tral"ic\, a. [From {Tartar} the chemical compound.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid obtained as a white amorphous deliquescent substance, {C8H10O11}; -- called also {ditartaric}, {tartrilic}, or {tartrylic acid}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Hydrophlorone \Hy`dro*phlo"rone\, n. [Hydro-, 2 + phlorone.] (Chem.) A white, crystalline benzene derivative, {C8H10O2}, obtained by the reduction of phlorone. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Xeronic \Xe*ron"ic\, a. [Gr. [?] dry + citraconic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or designating, an acid, {C8H12O4}, related to fumaric acid, and obtained from citraconic acid as an oily substance having a bittersweet taste; -- so called from its tendency to form its anhydride. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Terpenylic \Ter`pe*nyl"ic\, a. [Terpene + -yl + -ic.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid, {C8H12O4} (called also terpentic acid), homologous with terebic acid, and obtained as a white crystalline substance by the oxidation of oil of turpentine with chromic acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Conylene \Con"y*lene\, n. [Conine + acetylene.] An oily substance, {C8H14}, obtained from several derivatives of conine. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Octoyl \Oc"to*yl\, n. [Octoic + -yl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical ({C8H15O}), regarded as the essential residue of octoic acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Octylene \Oc"tyl*ene\, n. [Octane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of metameric hydrocarbons ({C8H16}) of the ethylene series. In general they are combustible, colorless liquids. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Octane \Oc"tane\, n. [See {Octa-}] . (Chem.) Any one of a group of metametric hydrocarcons ({C8H18}) of the methane series. The most important is a colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, found in petroleum, and a constituent of benzene or ligroin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Dibutyl \Di*bu"tyl\, n. [Pref. di- + butyl.] (Chem.) A liquid hydrocarbon, {C8H18}, of the marsh-gas series, being one of several octanes, and consisting of two butyl radicals. Cf. {Octane}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Styrolene \Sty"ro*lene\, n. (Chem.) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, {C8H8}, obtained by the distillation of storax, by the decomposition of cinnamic acid, and by the condensation of acetylene, as a fragrant, aromatic, mobile liquid; -- called also {phenyl ethylene}, {vinyl benzene}, {styrol}, {styrene}, and {cinnamene}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8Hierotheca \[d8]Hi`er*o*the"ca\, n.; pl. {-c[91]}. [NL., fr. Gr. [?]; "iero`s sacred + [?] chest.] A receptacle for sacred objects. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
d8C91cum \[d8]C[91]"cum\, n.; pl. {C[91]cums}, L. {C[91]ca}. [L. caecus blind, invisible, concealed.] (Anat.) (a) A cavity open at one end, as the blind end of a canal or duct. (b) The blind part of the large intestine beyond the entrance of the small intestine; -- called also the {blind gut}. Note: The c[91]cum is comparatively small in man, and ends in a slender portion, the vermiform appendix; but in herbivorous mammals it is often as large as the rest of the large intestine. In fishes there are often numerous intestinal c[91]ca. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Camphoric \Cam*phor"ic\, a. [Cf. F. camphorique.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or derived from, camphor. {Camphoric acid}, a white crystallizable substance, {C10H16O4}, obtained from the oxidation of camphor. Note: Other acid of camphor are campholic acid, {C10H18O2}, and camphoronic acid, {C9H12O5}, white crystallizable substances. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nonone \Non"one\, n. [Nonane + -one, suffix denoting the third degree of unsaturation.] (Chem.) Any one of several metameric unsaturated hydrocarbons ({C9H14}) of the valylene series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nonylene \Non"y*lene\, n. [Nonane + ethylene.] (Chem.) Any one of a series of metameric, unsaturated hydrocarbons {C9H18} of the ethylene series. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nonyl \Non"yl\, n. [Nonane + -yl.] (Chem.) The hydrocarbon radical, {C9H19}, derived from nonane and forming many compounds. Used also adjectively; as, nonyl alcohol. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Nonane \Non"ane\, n. [L. nonus ninth.] (Chem.) One of a group of metameric hydrocarbons {C9H20} of the paraffin series; -- so called because of the nine carbon atoms in the molecule. {Normal nonane} is a colorless volatile liquid, an ingredient of ordinary kerosene. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Coumarin \Cou"ma*rin\ (k[oomac]"m[adot]*r[icr]n), n. [F., fr. coumarou, a tree of Guiana.] (Chem.) The concrete essence of the tonka bean, the fruit of {Dipterix (formerly Coumarouna) odorata} and consisting essentially of coumarin proper, which is a white crystalline substance, {C9H6O2}, of vanilla-like odor, regarded as an anhydride of coumaric acid, and used in flavoring. Coumarin in also made artificially. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Umbelliferone \Um`bel*lif"er*one\, n. (Chem.) A tasteless white crystalline substance, {C9H6O3}, found in the bark of a certain plant ({Daphne Mezereum}), and also obtained by the distillation of certain gums from the {Umbellifer[91]}, as galbanum, asafetida, etc. It is analogous to coumarin. Called also {hydroxy-coumarin}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Daphnetin \Daph"ne*tin\, n. (Chem.) A colorless crystalline substance, {C9H6O4}, extracted from daphnin. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Caffeic \Caf*fe"ic\, a. [See {Coffee}.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, coffee. {Caffeic acid}, an acid obtained from coffee tannin, as a yellow crystalline substance, {C9H8O4}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Caw \Caw\, n. The cry made by the crow, rook, or raven. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Caw \Caw\ (k[add]), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cawed} (k[add]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Cawing}.] [Imitative. [fb]22 Cf. {Chough}.] To cry like a crow, rook, or raven. Rising and cawing at the gun's report. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cay \Cay\, n. See {Key}, a ledge. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ceria \Ce"ri*a\ (s[emac]"r[icr]*[adot]), n. (Chem.) Cerium oxide, {CeO2}, a white infusible substance constituting about one per cent of the material of the common incandescent mantle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Methenyl \Meth"e*nyl\, n. [Methene + -yl.] (Chem.) The hypothetical hydrocarbon radical {CH}, regarded as an essential residue of certain organic compounds. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Azole \Az"ole\, n. [From {Azote}.] (Org. Chem.) Any of a large class of compounds characterized by a five-membered ring which contains an atom of nitrogen and at least one other noncarbon atom (nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur). The prefixes furo-, thio, and pyrro- are used to distinguish three subclasses of azoles, which may be regarded as derived respectively from furfuran, thiophene, and pyrrol by replacement of the {CH} group by nitrogen; as, furo-monazole. Names exactly analogous to those for the azines are also used; as, oxazole, diazole, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetrazine \Tet*raz"ine\, n. Also -in \-in\ . [Tetrazo- + -ine.] (Chem.) A hypothetical compound, {C2H2N4} which may be regarded as benzene with four {CH} groups replaced by nitrogen atoms; also, any of various derivatives of the same. There are three isomeric varieties. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tetrazole \Tet*raz"ole\, n. [Tetrazo- + -ole.] (Org. Chem.) A crystalline acid substance, {CH2N4}, which may be regarded as pyrrol in which nitrogen atoms replace three {CH} groups; also, any of various derivatives of the same. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Methylene \Meth"yl*ene\, n. [F. m[82]thyl[8a]ne, from Gr. [?] wine + [?] wood; -- a word coined to correspond to the name wood spirit.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, {CH2}, not known in the free state, but regarded as an essential residue and component of certain derivatives of methane; as, methylene bromide, {CH2Br2}; -- formerly called also {methene}. {Methylene blue} (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff consisting of a complex sulphur derivative of diphenyl amine; -- called also {pure blue}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Aldehyde \Al"de*hyde\, n. [Abbrev. fr. alcohol dehydrogenatum, alcohol deprived of its hydrogen.] (Chem.) A colorless, mobile, and very volatile liquid obtained from alcohol by certain processes of oxidation. Note: The aldehydes are intermediate between the alcohols and acids, and differ from the alcohols in having two less hydrogen atoms in the molecule, as common aldehyde (called also {acetic aldehyde} or {ethyl aldehyde}), {C2H4O}; methyl aldehyde, {CH2O}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Primary \Pri"ma*ry\, a. [L. primarius, fr. primus first: cf. F. primaire. See {Prime}, a., and cf. {Premier}, {Primero}.] 1. First in order of time or development or in intention; primitive; fundamental; original. The church of Christ, in its primary institution. --Bp. Pearson. These I call original, or primary, qualities of body. --Locke. 2. First in order, as being preparatory to something higher; as, primary assemblies; primary schools. 3. First in dignity or importance; chief; principal; as, primary planets; a matter of primary importance. 4. (Geol.) Earliest formed; fundamental. 5. (Chem.) Illustrating, possessing, or characterized by, some quality or property in the first degree; having undergone the first stage of substitution or replacement. {Primary alcohol} (Organic Chem.), any alcohol which possess the group {CH2.OH}, and can be oxidized so as to form a corresponding aldehyde and acid having the same number of carbon atoms; -- distinguished from {secondary [and] tertiary alcohols}. {Primary amine} (Chem.), an amine containing the amido group, or a derivative of ammonia in which only one atom of hydrogen has been replaced by a basic radical; -- distinguished from {secondary [and] tertiary amines}. {Primary amputation} (Surg.), an amputation for injury performed as soon as the shock due to the injury has passed away, and before symptoms of inflammation supervene. {Primary axis} (Bot.), the main stalk which bears a whole cluster of flowers. {Primary colors}. See under {Color}. {Primary meeting}, a meeting of citizens at which the first steps are taken towards the nomination of candidates, etc. See {Caucus}. {Primary pinna} (Bot.), one of those portions of a compound leaf or frond which branch off directly from the main rhachis or stem, whether simple or compounded. {Primary planets}. (Astron.) See the Note under {Planet}. {Primary qualities of bodies}, such are essential to and inseparable from them. {Primary quills} (Zo[94]l.), the largest feathers of the wing of a bird; primaries. {Primary rocks} (Geol.), a term early used for rocks supposed to have been first formed, being crystalline and containing no organic remains, as granite, gneiss, etc.; -- called also {primitive rocks}. The terms Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary rocks have also been used in like manner, but of these the last two only are now in use. {Primary salt} (Chem.), a salt derived from a polybasic acid in which only one acid hydrogen atom has been replaced by a base or basic radical. {Primary syphilis} (Med.), the initial stage of syphilis, including the period from the development of the original lesion or chancre to the first manifestation of symptoms indicative of general constitutional infection. {Primary union} (Surg.), union without suppuration; union by the first intention. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See {Methylene}.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, {CH3}, not existing alone but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written also {methule}, {methyle}, etc.] {Methyl alcohol} (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable liquid, {CH3.OH}, obtained by the distillation of wood, and hence called {wood spirit} | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Formyl \For"myl\, n. [Formic + -yl.] (Chem.) (a) A univalent radical, {H.C:O}, regarded as the essential residue of formic acid and aldehyde. (b) Formerly, the radical methyl, {CH3}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Methoxyl \Meth*ox"yl\, n. [Methyl + hydroxyl.] (Chem.) A hypothetical radical, {CH3O}, analogous to hydroxyl. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Methyl \Meth"yl\, n. [See {Methylene}.] (Chem.) A hydrocarbon radical, {CH3}, not existing alone but regarded as an essential residue of methane, and appearing as a component part of many derivatives; as, methyl alcohol, methyl ether, methyl amine, etc. [Formerly written also {methule}, {methyle}, etc.] {Methyl alcohol} (Chem.), a light, volatile, inflammable liquid, {CH3.OH}, obtained by the distillation of wood, and hence called {wood spirit} | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Alcohol \Al"co*hol\ ([acr]l"k[osl]*h[ocr]l), n. [Cf. F. alcool, formerly written alcohol, Sp. alcohol alcohol, antimony, galena, OSp. alcofol; all fr. Ar. al-kohl a powder of antimony or galena, to paint the eyebrows with. The name was afterwards applied, on account of the fineness of this powder, to highly rectified spirits, a signification unknown in Arabia. The Sp. word has both meanings. Cf. {Alquifou}.] 1. An impalpable powder. [Obs.] 2. The fluid essence or pure spirit obtained by distillation. [Obs.] --Boyle. 3. Pure spirit of wine; pure or highly rectified spirit (called also {ethyl alcohol}); the spirituous or intoxicating element of fermented or distilled liquors, or more loosely a liquid containing it in considerable quantity. It is extracted by simple distillation from various vegetable juices and infusions of a saccharine nature, which have undergone vinous fermentation. Note: As used in the U. S. [bd]Pharmacop[oe]ia,[b8] alcohol contains 91 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 9 per cent of water; and diluted alcohol (proof spirit) contains 45.5 per cent by weight of ethyl alcohol and 54.5 per cent of water. 4. (Organic Chem.) A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or {ethyl alcohol} ({C2H5.OH}); methyl forms {methyl alcohol} ({CH3.OH}) or {wood spirit}; amyl forms {amyl alcohol} ({C5H11.OH}) or {fusel oil}, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carbinol \Car"bi*nol\, n. [Carbin (Kolbe's name for the radical) + -ol.] (Chem.) Methyl alcohol, {CH3OH}; -- also, by extension, any one in the homologous series of paraffine alcohols of which methyl alcohol is the type. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Methane \Meth"ane\, n. [See {Methal}.] (Chem.) A light, colorless, gaseous, inflammable hydrocarbon, {CH4}; marsh gas. See {Marsh gas}, under {Gas}. {Methane series} (Chem.), a series of saturated hydrocarbons, of which methane is the first member and type, and (because of their general chemical inertness and indifference) called also the {paraffin (little affinity) series}. The lightest members are gases, as methane, ethane; intermediate members are liquids, as hexane, heptane, etc. (found in benzine, kerosene, etc.); while the highest members are white, waxy, or fatty solids, as paraffin proper. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Type \Type\, n. [F. type; cf. It. tipo, from L. typus a figure, image, a form, type, character, Gr. [?] the mark of a blow, impression, form of character, model, from the root of [?] to beat, strike; cf. Skr. tup to hurt.] 1. The mark or impression of something; stamp; impressed sign; emblem. The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, Short blistered breeches, and those types of travel. --Shak. 2. Form or character impressed; style; semblance. Thy father bears the type of king of Naples. --Shak. 3. A figure or representation of something to come; a token; a sign; a symbol; -- correlative to antitype. A type is no longer a type when the thing typified comes to be actually exhibited. --South. 4. That which possesses or exemplifies characteristic qualities; the representative. Specifically: (a) (Biol.) A general form or structure common to a number of individuals; hence, the ideal representation of a species, genus, or other group, combining the essential characteristics; an animal or plant possessing or exemplifying the essential characteristics of a species, genus, or other group. Also, a group or division of animals having a certain typical or characteristic structure of body maintained within the group. Since the time of Cuvier and Baer . . . the whole animal kingdom has been universally held to be divisible into a small number of main divisions or types. --Haeckel. (b) (Fine Arts) The original object, or class of objects, scene, face, or conception, which becomes the subject of a copy; esp., the design on the face of a medal or a coin. (c) (Chem.) A simple compound, used as a mode or pattern to which other compounds are conveniently regarded as being related, and from which they may be actually or theoretically derived. Note: The fundamental types used to express the simplest and most essential chemical relations are hydrochloric acid, {HCl}; water, {H2O}; ammonia, {NH3}; and methane, {CH4}. 5. (Typog.) (a) A raised letter, figure, accent, or other character, cast in metal or cut in wood, used in printing. (b) Such letters or characters, in general, or the whole quantity of them used in printing, spoken of collectively; any number or mass of such letters or characters, however disposed. Note: Type are mostly made by casting type metal in a mold, though some of the larger sizes are made from maple, mahogany, or boxwood. In the cut, a is the body; b, the face, or part from which the impression is taken; c, the shoulder, or top of the body; d, the nick (sometimes two or more are made), designed to assist the compositor in distinguishing the bottom of the face from the top; e, the groove made in the process of finishing, -- each type as cast having attached to the bottom of the body a jet, or small piece of metal (formed by the surplus metal poured into the mold), which, when broken off, leaves a roughness that requires to be removed. The fine lines at the top and bottom of a letter are technically called ceriphs, and when part of the face projects over the body, as in the letter f, the projection is called a kern. The type which compose an ordinary book font consist of Roman CAPITALS, small capitals, and lower-case letters, and Italic CAPITALS and lower-case letters, with accompanying figures, points, and reference marks, -- in all about two hundred characters. Including the various modern styles of fancy type, some three or four hundred varieties of face are made. Besides the ordinary Roman and Italic, some of the most important of the varieties are -- Old English. Black Letter. Old Style. French Elzevir. Boldface. Antique. Clarendon. Gothic. Typewriter. Script. The smallest body in common use is diamond; then follow in order of size, pearl, agate, nonpareil, minion, brevier, bourgeois (or two-line diamond), long primer (or two-line pearl), small pica (or two-line agate), pica (or two-line nonpareil), English (or two-line minion), Columbian (or two-line brevier), great primer (two-line bourgeois), paragon (or two-line long primer), double small pica (or two-line small pica), double pica (or two-line pica), double English (or two-line English), double great primer (or two-line great primer), double paragon (or two-line paragon), canon (or two-line double pica). Above this, the sizes are called five-line pica, six-line pica, seven-line pica, and so on, being made mostly of wood. The following alphabets show the different sizes up to great primer. Brilliant . . abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carbureted \Car"bu*ret`ed\, a. 1. (Chem.) Combined with carbon in the manner of a carburet or carbide. 2. Saturated or impregnated with some volatile carbon compound; as, water gas is carbureted to increase its illuminating power. [Written also {carburetted}.] {Carbureted hydrogen gas}, any one of several gaseous compounds of carbon and hydrogen, some of with make up illuminating gas. {Light carbureted hydrogen}, marsh gas, {CH4}; fire damp | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
{Gas fitter}, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. {Gas fitting}. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. {Gas fixture}, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. {Gas generator}, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for a[89]rating water, bread, etc. --Knight. {Gas jet}, a flame of illuminating gas. {Gas machine}, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. {Gas meter}, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. {Gas retort}, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. {Gas stove}, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. {Gas tar}, coal tar. {Gas trap}, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th {Trap}, 5. {Gas washer} (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. --Knight. {Gas water}, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also {gas liquor} and {ammoniacal water}, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. --Tomlinson. {Gas well}, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. --Raymond. {Gas works}, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. {Laughing gas}. See under {Laughing}. {Marsh gas} (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, {CH4}, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also {methane}, and in coal mines, {fire damp}. {Natural gas}, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. {Olefiant gas} (Chem.). See {Ethylene}. {Water gas} (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Homology \Ho*mol"o*gy\, n. [Gr. [?] agreement. See {Homologous}.] 1. The quality of being homologous; correspondence; relation; as, the homologyof similar polygons. 2. (Biol.) Correspondence or relation in type of structure in contradistinction to similarity of function; as, the relation in structure between the leg and arm of a man; or that between the arm of a man, the fore leg of a horse, the wing of a bird, and the fin of a fish, all these organs being modifications of one type of structure. Note: Homology indicates genetic relationship, and according to Haeckel special homology should be defined in terms of identity of embryonic origin. See {Homotypy}, and {Homogeny}. 3. (Chem.) The correspondence or resemblance of substances belonging to the same type or series; a similarity of composition varying by a small, regular difference, and usually attended by a regular variation in physical properties; as, there is an homology between methane, {CH4}, ethane, {C2H6}, propane, {C3H8}, etc., all members of the paraffin series. In an extended sense, the term is applied to the relation between chemical elements of the same group; as, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are said to be in homology with each other. Cf. {Heterology}. {General homology} (Biol.), the higher relation which a series of parts, or a single part, bears to the fundamental or general type on which the group is constituted. --Owen. {Serial homology} (Biol.), representative or repetitive relation in the segments of the same organism, -- as in the lobster, where the parts follow each other in a straight line or series. --Owen. See {Homotypy}. {Special homology} (Biol.), the correspondence of a part or organ with those of a different animal, as determined by relative position and connection. --Owen. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cha \Cha\ (ch[aum]), n. [Chin. ch[lsquo]a.] [Also {chaa}, {chais}, {tsia}, etc.] Tea; -- the Chinese (Mandarin) name, used generally in early works of travel, and now for a kind of rolled tea used in Central Asia. A pot with hot water . . . made with the powder of a certain herb called chaa, which is much esteemed. --Tr. J. Van Linschoten's Voyages (1598). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cha \Cha\ (ch[aum]), n. [Chin. ch[lsquo]a.] [Also {chaa}, {chais}, {tsia}, etc.] Tea; -- the Chinese (Mandarin) name, used generally in early works of travel, and now for a kind of rolled tea used in Central Asia. A pot with hot water . . . made with the powder of a certain herb called chaa, which is much esteemed. --Tr. J. Van Linschoten's Voyages (1598). | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chaw \Chaw\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chawed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Chawing}.] [See {Chew}.] 1. To grind with the teeth; to masticate, as food in eating; to chew, as the cud; to champ, as the bit. The trampling steed, with gold and purple trapped, Chawing the foamy bit, there fiercely stood. --Surrey. 2. To ruminate in thought; to consider; to keep the mind working upon; to brood over. --Dryden. Note: A word formerly in good use, but now regarded as vulgar. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chaw \Chaw\, n. [See {Chaw}, v. t.] 1. As much as is put in the mouth at once; a chew; a quid. [Law] 2. [Cf. {Jaw}.] The jaw. [Obs.] --Spenser. {Chaw bacon}, a rustic; a bumpkin; a lout. (Law) {Chaw tooth}, a grinder. (Law) | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chew \Chew\ (ch[udd]), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Chewed} (ch[udd]d); p. pr. & vb. n. {Chewing}.] [As ce[a2]wan, akin to D. kauwen, G. kauen. Cf. {Chaw}, {Jaw}.] 1. To bite and grind with the teeth; to masticate. 2. To ruminate mentally; to meditate on. He chews revenge, abjuring his offense. --Prior. {To chew the cud}, to chew the food ocer again, as a cow; to ruminate; hence, to meditate. Every beast the parteth the hoof, and cleaveth the cleft into two claws, and cheweth the cud among the beasts, that ye shall eat. --Deut. xxiv. 6. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chew \Chew\, v. i. To perform the action of biting and grinding with the teeth; to ruminate; to meditate. old politicians chew wisdom past. --Pope. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chew \Chew\, n. That which is chewed; that which is held in the mouth at once; a cud. [Law] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Secondary \Sec"ond*a*ry\, a. [Cf. F. secondaire, L. secundaire. See {Second}, a.] 1. Suceeding next in order to the first; of second place, origin, rank, rank, etc.; not primary; subordinate; not of the first order or rate. Wheresoever there is normal right on the one hand, no secondary right can discharge it. --L'Estrange. Two are the radical differences; the secondary differences are as four. --Bacon. 2. Acting by deputation or delegated authority; as, the work of secondary hands. 3. (Chem.) Possessing some quality, or having been subject to some operation (as substitution), in the second degree; as, a secondary salt, a secondary amine, etc. Cf. {primary}. 4. (Min.) Subsequent in origin; -- said of minerals produced by alteertion or deposition subsequent to the formation of the original rocks mass; also of characters of minerals (as secondary cleavage, etc.) developed by pressure or other causes. 5. (Zo[94]l.) Pertaining to the second joint of the wing of a bird. 6. (Med.) Dependent or consequent upon another disease; as, Bright's disease is often secondary to scarlet fever. (b) Occuring in the second stage of a disease; as, the secondary symptoms of syphilis. {Secondary accent}. See the Note under {Accent}, n., 1. {Secondary age}. (Geol.) The Mesozoic age, or age before the Tertiary. See {Mesozoic}, and Note under {Age}, n., 8. {Secondary alcohol} (Chem.), any one of a series of alcohols which contain the radical {CH.OH} united with two hydrocarbon radicals. On oxidation the secondary alcohols form ketones. {Secondary amputation} (Surg.), an amputation for injury, performed after the constitutional effects of the injury have subsided. {Secondary axis} (Opt.), any line which passes through the optical center of a lens but not through the centers of curvature, or, in the case of a mirror, which passes through the center of curvature but not through the center of the mirror. {Secondary battery}. (Elec.) See under {Battery}, n., 4. {Secondary circle} (Geom. & Astron.), a great circle passes through the poles of another great circle and is therefore perpendicular to its plane. {Secondary circuit}, {Secondary coil} (Elec.), a circuit or coil in which a current is produced by the induction of a current in a neighboring circuit or coil called the primary circuit or coil. {Secondary color}, a color formed by mixing any two primary colors in equal proportions. {Secondary coverts} (Zo[94]l.), the longer coverts which overlie the basal part of the secondary quills of a bird. See Illust. under {Bird}. {Secondary crystal} (Min.), a crystal derived from one of the primary forms. {Secondary current} (Elec.), a momentary current induced in a closed circuit by a current of electricity passing through the same or a contiguous circuit at the beginning and also at the end of the passage of the primary current. {Secondary evidence}, that which is admitted upon failure to obtain the primary or best evidence. {Secondary fever} (Med.), a fever coming on in a disease after the subsidence of the fever with which the disease began, as the fever which attends the outbreak of the eruption in smallpox. {Secondary hemorrhage} (Med.), hemorrhage occuring from a wounded blood vessel at some considerable time after the original bleeding has ceased. {Secondary planet}. (Astron.) See the Note under {Planet}. {Secondary qualities}, those qualities of bodies which are not inseparable from them as such, but are dependent for their development and intensity on the organism of the percipient, such as color, taste, odor, etc. {Secondary quills} [or] {remiges} (Zo[94]l.), the quill feathers arising from the forearm of a bird and forming a row continuous with the primaries; -- called also {secondaries}. See Illust. of {Bird}. {Secondary rocks} [or] {strata} (Geol.), those lying between the Primary, or Paleozoic, and Tertiary (see {Primary rocks}, under {Primary}); -- later restricted to strata of the Mesozoic age, and at but little used. {Secondary syphilis} (Med.), the second stage of syphilis, including the period from the first development of constitutional symptoms to the time when the bones and the internal organs become involved. {Secondary tint}, any subdued tint, as gray. {Secondary union} (Surg.), the union of wounds after suppuration; union by the second intention. Syn: Second; second-rate; subordinate; inferior. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Chow \Chow\, n. [Chin chou.] A prefecture or district of the second rank in China, or the chief city of such a district; -- often part of the name of a city, as in Foochow. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Iodoform \I*od"o*form\, n. [Iodo- + formyl. See {Formyl}, and cf. {Chloroform}.] (Chem.) A yellow, crystalline, volatile substance, {CI3H}, having an offensive odor and sweetish taste, and analogous to chloroform. It is used in medicine as a healing and antiseptic dressing for wounds and sores. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ketone \Ke"tone\ (k[emac]"t[omac]n), n. [Cf. {Acetone}.] (Chem.) One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl ({CO}) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor. Note: The ketones are named by adding the suffix-one to the stems of the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus, acetic acid gives acetone; butyric acid, butyrone, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carbonic \Car*bon"ic\, a. [Cf. F. carbonique. See {Carbon}.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. {Carbonic acid} (Chem.), an acid {H2CO3}, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. In common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, {CO2}, more correctly called {carbon dioxide}. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hence called {after damp}; it is also know as {choke damp}, and {mephitic air}. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. {Carbonic oxide} (Chem.), a colorless gas, {CO}, of a light odor, called more correctly {carbon monoxide}. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Co- \Co-\ A form of the prefix com-, signifying with, together, in conjunction, joint. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See {Com-}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ketone \Ke"tone\ (k[emac]"t[omac]n), n. [Cf. {Acetone}.] (Chem.) One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl ({CO}) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor. Note: The ketones are named by adding the suffix-one to the stems of the organic acids from which they are respectively derived; thus, acetic acid gives acetone; butyric acid, butyrone, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carbonic \Car*bon"ic\, a. [Cf. F. carbonique. See {Carbon}.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. {Carbonic acid} (Chem.), an acid {H2CO3}, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. In common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, {CO2}, more correctly called {carbon dioxide}. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hence called {after damp}; it is also know as {choke damp}, and {mephitic air}. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. {Carbonic oxide} (Chem.), a colorless gas, {CO}, of a light odor, called more correctly {carbon monoxide}. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Co- \Co-\ A form of the prefix com-, signifying with, together, in conjunction, joint. It is used before vowels and some consonants. See {Com-}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carbonic \Car*bon"ic\, a. [Cf. F. carbonique. See {Carbon}.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or obtained from, carbon; as, carbonic oxide. {Carbonic acid} (Chem.), an acid {H2CO3}, not existing separately, which, combined with positive or basic atoms or radicals, forms carbonates. In common language the term is very generally applied to a compound of carbon and oxygen, {CO2}, more correctly called {carbon dioxide}. It is a colorless, heavy, irrespirable gas, extinguishing flame, and when breathed destroys life. It can be reduced to a liquid and solid form by intense pressure. It is produced in the fermentation of liquors, and by the combustion and decomposition of organic substances, or other substances containing carbon. It is formed in the explosion of fire damp in mines, and is hence called {after damp}; it is also know as {choke damp}, and {mephitic air}. Water will absorb its own volume of it, and more than this under pressure, and in this state becomes the common soda water of the shops, and the carbonated water of natural springs. Combined with lime it constitutes limestone, or common marble and chalk. Plants imbibe it for their nutrition and growth, the carbon being retained and the oxygen given out. {Carbonic oxide} (Chem.), a colorless gas, {CO}, of a light odor, called more correctly {carbon monoxide}. It is almost the only definitely known compound in which carbon seems to be divalent. It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon, and is an abundant constituent of water gas. It is fatal to animal life, extinguishes combustion, and burns with a pale blue flame, forming carbon dioxide. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Glyoxal \Gly*ox"al\, n. [Glycol + oxalic + aldehyde.] (Chem.) A white, amorphous, deliquescent powder, {(CO.H)2}, obtained by the partial oxidation of glycol. It is a double aldehyde, between glycol and oxalic acid. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Orthocarbonic \Or`tho*car*bon"ic\, a. [Ortho- + carbonic.] (Chem.) Designating a complex ether, {C.(OC2H5)4}, which is obtained as a liquid of a pleasant ethereal odor by means of chlorpicrin, and is believed to be a derivative of the hypothetical normal carbonic acid, {C.(OH)4}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Coo \Coo\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cooed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cooing}.] 1. To make a low repeated cry or sound, like the characteristic note of pigeons or doves. The stockdove only through the forest cooes, Mournfully hoarse. --Thomson. 2. To show affection; to act in a loving way. See under {Bill}, v. i. [bd]Billing or cooing.[b8] --Byron. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar cry uttered by the Australian aborigines as a call to attract attention, and also in common use among the Australian colonists. In the actual call the first syllable is much prolonged (k[oomac]"-) and the second ends in a shrill, staccato [emac]. To represent the sound itself the spelling {cooee} is generally used. {Within cooey}, within earshot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cooeyed} or {Cooeed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cooeying} or {Cooeeing}.] To call out cooee. [Australia] I cooeyed and beckoned them to approach. --E. Giles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or signal. [Written also {cooie}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar cry uttered by the Australian aborigines as a call to attract attention, and also in common use among the Australian colonists. In the actual call the first syllable is much prolonged (k[oomac]"-) and the second ends in a shrill, staccato [emac]. To represent the sound itself the spelling {cooee} is generally used. {Within cooey}, within earshot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cooeyed} or {Cooeed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cooeying} or {Cooeeing}.] To call out cooee. [Australia] I cooeyed and beckoned them to approach. --E. Giles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or signal. [Written also {cooie}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar cry uttered by the Australian aborigines as a call to attract attention, and also in common use among the Australian colonists. In the actual call the first syllable is much prolonged (k[oomac]"-) and the second ends in a shrill, staccato [emac]. To represent the sound itself the spelling {cooee} is generally used. {Within cooey}, within earshot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cooeyed} or {Cooeed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cooeying} or {Cooeeing}.] To call out cooee. [Australia] I cooeyed and beckoned them to approach. --E. Giles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or signal. [Written also {cooie}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar cry uttered by the Australian aborigines as a call to attract attention, and also in common use among the Australian colonists. In the actual call the first syllable is much prolonged (k[oomac]"-) and the second ends in a shrill, staccato [emac]. To represent the sound itself the spelling {cooee} is generally used. {Within cooey}, within earshot. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Cooeyed} or {Cooeed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cooeying} or {Cooeeing}.] To call out cooee. [Australia] I cooeyed and beckoned them to approach. --E. Giles. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or signal. [Written also {cooie}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Carboxyl \Car*box"yl\, n. [Carbon + oxygen + -yl.] (Chem.) The complex radical, {CO.OH}, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent which all oxygen acids of carbon (as formic, acetic, benzoic acids, etc.) have in common; -- called also {oxatyl}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cooey \Coo"ey\, Cooee \Coo"ee\, n. [Of imitative origin.] A peculiar whistling sound made by the Australian aborigenes as a call or signal. [Written also {cooie}.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tree \Tree\ (tr[emac]), n. [OE. tree, tre, treo, AS. tre[a2], tre[a2]w, tree, wood; akin to OFries. tr[emac], OS. treo, trio, Icel. tr[emac], Dan. tr[91], Sw. tr[84], tr[84]d, Goth. triu, Russ. drevo, W. derw an oak, Ir. darag, darog, Gr. dry^s a tree, oak, do`ry a beam, spear shaft, spear, Skr. dru tree, wood, d[be]ru wood. [root]63, 241. Cf. {Dryad}, {Germander}, {Tar}, n., {Trough}.] 1. (Bot.) Any perennial woody plant of considerable size (usually over twenty feet high) and growing with a single trunk. Note: The kind of tree referred to, in any particular case, is often indicated by a modifying word; as forest tree, fruit tree, palm tree, apple tree, pear tree, etc. 2. Something constructed in the form of, or considered as resembling, a tree, consisting of a stem, or stock, and branches; as, a genealogical tree. 3. A piece of timber, or something commonly made of timber; -- used in composition, as in axletree, boottree, chesstree, crosstree, whiffletree, and the like. 4. A cross or gallows; as Tyburn tree. [Jesus] whom they slew and hanged on a tree. --Acts x. 39. 5. Wood; timber. [Obs.] --Chaucer. In a great house ben not only vessels of gold and of silver but also of tree and of earth. --Wyclif (2 Tim. ii. 20). 6. (Chem.) A mass of crystals, aggregated in arborescent forms, obtained by precipitation of a metal from solution. See {Lead tree}, under {Lead}. {Tree bear} (Zo[94]l.), the raccoon. [Local, U. S.] {Tree beetle} (Zo[94]l.) any one of numerous species of beetles which feed on the leaves of trees and shrubs, as the May beetles, the rose beetle, the rose chafer, and the goldsmith beetle. {Tree bug} (Zo[94]l.), any one of numerous species of hemipterous insects which live upon, and suck the sap of, trees and shrubs. They belong to {Arma}, {Pentatoma}, {Rhaphigaster}, and allied genera. {Tree cat} (Zool.), the common paradoxure ({Paradoxurus musang}). {Tree clover} (Bot.), a tall kind of melilot ({Melilotus alba}). See {Melilot}. {Tree crab} (Zo[94]l.), the purse crab. See under {Purse}. {Tree creeper} (Zo[94]l.), any one of numerous species of arboreal creepers belonging to {Certhia}, {Climacteris}, and allied genera. See {Creeper}, 3. {Tree cricket} (Zo[94]l.), a nearly white arboreal American cricket ({Ecanthus niv[oe]us}) which is noted for its loud stridulation; -- called also {white cricket}. {Tree crow} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of Old World crows belonging to {Crypsirhina} and allied genera, intermediate between the true crows and the jays. The tail is long, and the bill is curved and without a tooth. {Tree dove} (Zo[94]l.) any one of several species of East Indian and Asiatic doves belonging to {Macropygia} and allied genera. They have long and broad tails, are chiefly arboreal in their habits, and feed mainly on fruit. {Tree duck} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of ducks belonging to {Dendrocygna} and allied genera. These ducks have a long and slender neck and a long hind toe. They are arboreal in their habits, and are found in the tropical parts of America, Africa, Asia, and Australia. {Tree fern} (Bot.), an arborescent fern having a straight trunk, sometimes twenty or twenty-five feet high, or even higher, and bearing a cluster of fronds at the top. Most of the existing species are tropical. {Tree fish} (Zo[94]l.), a California market fish ({Sebastichthys serriceps}). {Tree frog}. (Zo[94]l.) (a) Same as {Tree toad}. (b) Any one of numerous species of Old World frogs belonging to {Chiromantis}, {Rhacophorus}, and allied genera of the family {Ranid[91]}. Their toes are furnished with suckers for adhesion. The flying frog (see under {Flying}) is an example. {Tree goose} (Zo[94]l.), the bernicle goose. {Tree hopper} (Zo[94]l.), any one of numerous species of small leaping hemipterous insects which live chiefly on the branches and twigs of trees, and injure them by sucking the sap. Many of them are very odd in shape, the prothorax being often prolonged upward or forward in the form of a spine or crest. {Tree jobber} (Zo[94]l.), a woodpecker. [Obs.] {Tree kangaroo}. (Zo[94]l.) See {Kangaroo}. {Tree lark} (Zo[94]l.), the tree pipit. [Prov. Eng.] {Tree lizard} (Zo[94]l.), any one of a group of Old World arboreal lizards ({Dendrosauria}) comprising the chameleons. {Tree lobster}. (Zo[94]l.) Same as {Tree crab}, above. {Tree louse} (Zo[94]l.), any aphid; a plant louse. {Tree moss}. (Bot.) (a) Any moss or lichen growing on trees. (b) Any species of moss in the form of a miniature tree. {Tree mouse} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of African mice of the subfamily {Dendromyin[91]}. They have long claws and habitually live in trees. {Tree nymph}, a wood nymph. See {Dryad}. {Tree of a saddle}, a saddle frame. {Tree of heaven} (Bot.), an ornamental tree ({Ailantus glandulosus}) having long, handsome pinnate leaves, and greenish flowers of a disagreeable odor. {Tree of life} (Bot.), a tree of the genus Thuja; arbor vit[91]. {Tree onion} (Bot.), a species of garlic ({Allium proliferum}) which produces bulbs in place of flowers, or among its flowers. {Tree oyster} (Zo[94]l.), a small American oyster ({Ostrea folium}) which adheres to the roots of the mangrove tree; -- called also {raccoon oyster}. {Tree pie} (Zo[94]l.), any species of Asiatic birds of the genus {Dendrocitta}. The tree pies are allied to the magpie. {Tree pigeon} (Zo[94]l.), any one of numerous species of longwinged arboreal pigeons native of Asia, Africa, and Australia, and belonging to {Megaloprepia}, {Carpophaga}, and allied genera. {Tree pipit}. (Zo[94]l.) See under {Pipit}. {Tree porcupine} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of Central and South American arboreal porcupines belonging to the genera {Ch[91]tomys} and {Sphingurus}. They have an elongated and somewhat prehensile tail, only four toes on the hind feet, and a body covered with short spines mixed with bristles. One South American species ({S. villosus}) is called also {couiy}; another ({S. prehensilis}) is called also {c[oe]ndou}. {Tree rat} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of large ratlike West Indian rodents belonging to the genera {Capromys} and {Plagiodon}. They are allied to the porcupines. {Tree serpent} (Zo[94]l.), a tree snake. {Tree shrike} (Zo[94]l.), a bush shrike. {Tree snake} (Zo[94]l.), any one of numerous species of snakes of the genus {Dendrophis}. They live chiefly among the branches of trees, and are not venomous. {Tree sorrel} (Bot.), a kind of sorrel ({Rumex Lunaria}) which attains the stature of a small tree, and bears greenish flowers. It is found in the Canary Islands and Teneriffe. {Tree sparrow} (Zo[94]l.) any one of several species of small arboreal sparrows, especially the American tree sparrow ({Spizella monticola}), and the common European species ({Passer montanus}). {Tree swallow} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of swallows of the genus {Hylochelidon} which lay their eggs in holes in dead trees. They inhabit Australia and adjacent regions. Called also {martin} in Australia. {Tree swift} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of swifts of the genus {Dendrochelidon} which inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. {Tree tiger} (Zo[94]l.), a leopard. {Tree toad} (Zo[94]l.), any one of numerous species of amphibians belonging to {Hyla} and allied genera of the family {Hylid[91]}. They are related to the common frogs and toads, but have the tips of the toes expanded into suckers by means of which they cling to the bark and leaves of trees. Only one species ({Hyla arborea}) is found in Europe, but numerous species occur in America and Australia. The common tree toad of the Northern United States ({H. versicolor}) is noted for the facility with which it changes its colors. Called also {tree frog}. See also {Piping frog}, under {Piping}, and {Cricket frog}, under {Cricket}. {Tree warbler} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of arboreal warblers belonging to {Phylloscopus} and allied genera. {Tree wool} (Bot.), a fine fiber obtained from the leaves of pine trees. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cow \Cow\ (kou), n. [See {Cowl} a hood.] A chimney cap; a cowl | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cow \Cow\, n.; pl. {Cows} (kouz); old pl. {Kine} (k[imac]n). [OE. cu, cou, AS. c[umac]; akin to D. koe, G. kuh, OHG. kuo, Icel. k[ymac]r, Dan. & Sw. ko, L. bos ox, cow, Gr. boy^s, Skr. g[omac]. [root]223. Cf. {Beef}, {Bovine}, {Bucolic}, {Butter}, {Nylghau}.] 1. The mature female of bovine animals. 2. The female of certain large mammals, as whales, seals, etc. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cow \Cow\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cowed} (koud);; p. pr. & vb. n. {Cowing}.] [Cf. Icel. kuga, Sw. kufva to check, subdue, Dan. kue. Cf. {Cuff}, v. t.] To depress with fear; to daunt the spirits or courage of; to overawe. To vanquish a people already cowed. --Shak. THe French king was cowed. --J. R. Green. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cow \Cow\, n. [Prob. from same root as cow, v. t.] (Mining) A wedge, or brake, to check the motion of a machine or car; a chock. --Knight. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Coy \Coy\, v. i. 1. To behave with reserve or coyness; to shrink from approach or familiarity. [Obs.] Thus to coy it, With one who knows you too! --Rowe. 2. To make difficulty; to be unwilling. [Obs.] If he coyed To hear Cominius speak, I 'll keep at home. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Coy \Coy\ (koi), a. [OE. coi quiet, still, OF. coi, coit, fr.L. quietus quiet, p. p. of quiescere to rest, quie rest; prob. akin to E. while. See {While}, and cf. {Quiet}, {Quit}, {Quite}.] 1. Quiet; still. [Obs.] --Chaucer. 2. Shrinking from approach or familiarity; reserved; bashful; shy; modest; -- usually applied to women, sometimes with an implication of coquetry. Coy, and difficult to win. --Cowper. Coy and furtive graces. --W. Irving. Nor the coy maid, half willings to be pressed, Shall kiss the cup, to pass it to the rest. --Goldsmith. 3. Soft; gentle; hesitating. Enforced hate, Instead of love's coy touch, shall rudely tear thee. --Shak. Syn: Shy; shriking; reserved; modest; bashful; backward; distant. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Coy \Coy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Coyed} (koid); p. pr. & vb. n. {Coying}.] 1. To allure; to entice; to decoy. [Obs.] A wiser generation, who have the art to coy the fonder sort into their nets. --Bp. Rainbow. 2. To caress with the hand; to stroke. Come sit thee down upon this flowery bed, While I thy amiable cheeks do coy. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cue \Cue\ (k[umac]), n. [ OF. coue, coe, F. queue, fr. L. coda, cauda, tail. Cf. {Caudal}, {Coward}, {Queue}.] 1. The tail; the end of a thing; especially, a tail-like twist of hair worn at the back of the head; a queue. 2. The last words of a play actor's speech, serving as an intimation for the next succeeding player to speak; any word or words which serve to remind a player to speak or to do something; a catchword. When my cue comes, call me, and I will answer. --Shak. 3. A hint or intimation. Give them [the servants] their cue to attend in two lines as he leaves the house. --Swift. 4. The part one has to perform in, or as in, a play. Were it my cueto fight, I should have known it Without a prompter. --Shak. 5. Humor; temper of mind. [Colloq.] --Dickens. 6. A straight tapering rod used to impel the balls in playing billiards. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cue \Cue\, v. t. To form into a cue; to braid; to twist. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Cue \Cue\, n. [From q, an abbreviation for quadrans a farthing.] A small portion of bread or beer; the quantity bought with a farthing or half farthing. [Obs.] Note: The term was formerly current in the English universities, the letter q being the mark in the buttery books to denote such a portion. --Nares. Hast thou worn Gowns in the university, tossed logic, Sucked philosophy, eat cues? --Old Play. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Cohoe, AK (CDP, FIPS 16420) Location: 60.31668 N, 151.56439 W Population (1990): 508 (339 housing units) Area: 71.0 sq km (land), 316.4 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Coy, AL Zip code(s): 36435 Coy, AR (town, FIPS 15790) Location: 34.54179 N, 91.86960 W Population (1990): 142 (64 housing units) Area: 1.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
C n. 1. The third letter of the English alphabet. 2. ASCII 1000011. 3. The name of a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement {{Unix}}; so called because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of _its_ parent, BCPL. (BCPL was in turn descended from an earlier Algol-derived language, CPL.) Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named `D' or `P'. C became immensely popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and microcomputer applications programming. See also {languages of choice}, {indent style}. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain varying according to the speaker, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of assembly language with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
C++ /C'-pluhs-pluhs/ n. Designed by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T Bell Labs as a successor to {C}. Now one of the {languages of choice}, although many hackers still grumble that it is the successor to either Algol 68 or {Ada} (depending on generation), and a prime example of {second-system effect}. Almost anything that can be done in any language can be done in C++, but it requires a {language lawyer} to know what is and what is not legal-- the design is _almost_ too large to hold in even hackers' heads. Much of the {cruft} results from C++'s attempt to be backward compatible with C. Stroustrup himself has said in his retrospective book "The Design and Evolution of C++" (p. 207), "Within C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get out." [Many hackers would now add "Yes, and it's called {Java}" --ESR] | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
C n. 1. The third letter of the English alphabet. 2. ASCII 1000011. 3. The name of a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement {{Unix}}; so called because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of _its_ parent, BCPL. (BCPL was in turn descended from an earlier Algol-derived language, CPL.) Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named `D' or `P'. C became immensely popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and microcomputer applications programming. See also {languages of choice}, {indent style}. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain varying according to the speaker, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of assembly language with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
C++ /C'-pluhs-pluhs/ n. Designed by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T Bell Labs as a successor to {C}. Now one of the {languages of choice}, although many hackers still grumble that it is the successor to either Algol 68 or {Ada} (depending on generation), and a prime example of {second-system effect}. Almost anything that can be done in any language can be done in C++, but it requires a {language lawyer} to know what is and what is not legal-- the design is _almost_ too large to hold in even hackers' heads. Much of the {cruft} results from C++'s attempt to be backward compatible with C. Stroustrup himself has said in his retrospective book "The Design and Evolution of C++" (p. 207), "Within C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get out." [Many hackers would now add "Yes, and it's called {Java}" --ESR] | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
CI$ // n. Hackerism for `CIS', CompuServe Information Service. The dollar sign refers to CompuServe's rather steep line charges. Often used in {sig block}s just before a CompuServe address. Syn. {Compu$erve}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C# and promoted by {Microsoft}, intended to replace {Java}, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
(c) An {ASCII} rendition of the encircled "c" {copyright} symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In {LaTeX} the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been {standard}ised (and simultaneously modified) as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with {delegation} and with control over which {method}s come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple {syntax} with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. {Unir Tech} has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-{IETF} ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under {SunOS} and compiles to {Vcode}. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [{Jargon File}] (2002-05-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C* superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+- Each C+- {class} instance, known as a subject, holds hidden {members}, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following {C} {operators} are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is {strongly typed}, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The {Boolean} {variables} TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of {Ada}. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are {assignment}-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports {information hiding} and, among {friend classes} only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the {Eiffel} lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are {intransitive}, {volatile} and non-{Abelian}. {Operator precedence} rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "{Do what I mean}" {pragma}. {ANSIfication} will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C++ superset of {C} developed primarily by {Bjarne Stroustrup} In C++ a {class} is a user-defined {type}, syntactically a {struct} with {member functions}. {Constructors} and {destructors} are member functions called to create or destroy {instances}. A {friend} is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows {implicit type conversion}, {function inlining}, {overloading} of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has {streams} for I/O and {references}. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced {multiple inheritance}, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also {cfront}, {LEDA}, {uC++}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C# and promoted by {Microsoft}, intended to replace {Java}, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
(c) An {ASCII} rendition of the encircled "c" {copyright} symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In {LaTeX} the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been {standard}ised (and simultaneously modified) as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with {delegation} and with control over which {method}s come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple {syntax} with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. {Unir Tech} has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-{IETF} ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under {SunOS} and compiles to {Vcode}. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [{Jargon File}] (2002-05-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C* superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+- Each C+- {class} instance, known as a subject, holds hidden {members}, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following {C} {operators} are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is {strongly typed}, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The {Boolean} {variables} TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of {Ada}. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are {assignment}-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports {information hiding} and, among {friend classes} only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the {Eiffel} lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are {intransitive}, {volatile} and non-{Abelian}. {Operator precedence} rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "{Do what I mean}" {pragma}. {ANSIfication} will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C++ superset of {C} developed primarily by {Bjarne Stroustrup} In C++ a {class} is a user-defined {type}, syntactically a {struct} with {member functions}. {Constructors} and {destructors} are member functions called to create or destroy {instances}. A {friend} is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows {implicit type conversion}, {function inlining}, {overloading} of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has {streams} for I/O and {references}. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced {multiple inheritance}, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also {cfront}, {LEDA}, {uC++}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C# and promoted by {Microsoft}, intended to replace {Java}, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
(c) An {ASCII} rendition of the encircled "c" {copyright} symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In {LaTeX} the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been {standard}ised (and simultaneously modified) as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with {delegation} and with control over which {method}s come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple {syntax} with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. {Unir Tech} has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-{IETF} ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under {SunOS} and compiles to {Vcode}. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [{Jargon File}] (2002-05-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C* superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+- Each C+- {class} instance, known as a subject, holds hidden {members}, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following {C} {operators} are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is {strongly typed}, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The {Boolean} {variables} TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of {Ada}. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are {assignment}-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports {information hiding} and, among {friend classes} only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the {Eiffel} lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are {intransitive}, {volatile} and non-{Abelian}. {Operator precedence} rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "{Do what I mean}" {pragma}. {ANSIfication} will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C++ superset of {C} developed primarily by {Bjarne Stroustrup} In C++ a {class} is a user-defined {type}, syntactically a {struct} with {member functions}. {Constructors} and {destructors} are member functions called to create or destroy {instances}. A {friend} is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows {implicit type conversion}, {function inlining}, {overloading} of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has {streams} for I/O and {references}. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced {multiple inheritance}, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also {cfront}, {LEDA}, {uC++}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C# and promoted by {Microsoft}, intended to replace {Java}, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
(c) An {ASCII} rendition of the encircled "c" {copyright} symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In {LaTeX} the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been {standard}ised (and simultaneously modified) as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with {delegation} and with control over which {method}s come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple {syntax} with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. {Unir Tech} has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-{IETF} ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under {SunOS} and compiles to {Vcode}. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [{Jargon File}] (2002-05-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C* superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+- Each C+- {class} instance, known as a subject, holds hidden {members}, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following {C} {operators} are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is {strongly typed}, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The {Boolean} {variables} TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of {Ada}. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are {assignment}-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports {information hiding} and, among {friend classes} only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the {Eiffel} lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are {intransitive}, {volatile} and non-{Abelian}. {Operator precedence} rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "{Do what I mean}" {pragma}. {ANSIfication} will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C++ superset of {C} developed primarily by {Bjarne Stroustrup} In C++ a {class} is a user-defined {type}, syntactically a {struct} with {member functions}. {Constructors} and {destructors} are member functions called to create or destroy {instances}. A {friend} is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows {implicit type conversion}, {function inlining}, {overloading} of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has {streams} for I/O and {references}. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced {multiple inheritance}, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also {cfront}, {LEDA}, {uC++}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C# and promoted by {Microsoft}, intended to replace {Java}, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
(c) An {ASCII} rendition of the encircled "c" {copyright} symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In {LaTeX} the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been {standard}ised (and simultaneously modified) as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with {delegation} and with control over which {method}s come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple {syntax} with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. {Unir Tech} has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-{IETF} ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under {SunOS} and compiles to {Vcode}. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [{Jargon File}] (2002-05-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C* superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+- Each C+- {class} instance, known as a subject, holds hidden {members}, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following {C} {operators} are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is {strongly typed}, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The {Boolean} {variables} TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of {Ada}. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are {assignment}-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports {information hiding} and, among {friend classes} only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the {Eiffel} lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are {intransitive}, {volatile} and non-{Abelian}. {Operator precedence} rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "{Do what I mean}" {pragma}. {ANSIfication} will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C++ superset of {C} developed primarily by {Bjarne Stroustrup} In C++ a {class} is a user-defined {type}, syntactically a {struct} with {member functions}. {Constructors} and {destructors} are member functions called to create or destroy {instances}. A {friend} is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows {implicit type conversion}, {function inlining}, {overloading} of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has {streams} for I/O and {references}. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced {multiple inheritance}, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also {cfront}, {LEDA}, {uC++}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C# and promoted by {Microsoft}, intended to replace {Java}, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
(c) An {ASCII} rendition of the encircled "c" {copyright} symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In {LaTeX} the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been {standard}ised (and simultaneously modified) as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with {delegation} and with control over which {method}s come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple {syntax} with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. {Unir Tech} has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-{IETF} ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under {SunOS} and compiles to {Vcode}. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [{Jargon File}] (2002-05-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C* superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+- Each C+- {class} instance, known as a subject, holds hidden {members}, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following {C} {operators} are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is {strongly typed}, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The {Boolean} {variables} TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of {Ada}. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are {assignment}-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports {information hiding} and, among {friend classes} only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the {Eiffel} lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are {intransitive}, {volatile} and non-{Abelian}. {Operator precedence} rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "{Do what I mean}" {pragma}. {ANSIfication} will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C++ superset of {C} developed primarily by {Bjarne Stroustrup} In C++ a {class} is a user-defined {type}, syntactically a {struct} with {member functions}. {Constructors} and {destructors} are member functions called to create or destroy {instances}. A {friend} is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows {implicit type conversion}, {function inlining}, {overloading} of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has {streams} for I/O and {references}. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced {multiple inheritance}, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also {cfront}, {LEDA}, {uC++}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C# and promoted by {Microsoft}, intended to replace {Java}, which it strongly resembles. {(http://csharpindex.com/)}. (2001-10-04) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
(c) An {ASCII} rendition of the encircled "c" {copyright} symbol. Unfortunately, this rendition is not legally valid, the circle must be complete. The word "copyright" in full is perfectly adequate though. (In {LaTeX} the copyright symbol is written as \copyright). [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-03) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C at {AT&T} {Bell Labs} ca. 1972 for systems programming on the {PDP-11} and immediately used to reimplement {Unix}. It was called "C" because many features derived from an earlier compiler named "{B}". In fact, C was briefly named "NB". B was itself strongly influenced by {BCPL}. Before {Bjarne Stroustrup} settled the question by designing {C++}, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named "D" or "P" (following B and C in "BCPL"). C is terse, low-level and permissive. It has a {macro preprocessor}, {cpp}. Partly due to its distribution with {Unix}, C became immensely popular outside {Bell Labs} after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and {microcomputer} applications programming. It has grown popular due to its simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility. C programs are often easily adapted to new environments. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of {assembly language} with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". Ritchie's original C, known as {K&R C} after Kernighan and Ritchie's book, has been {standard}ised (and simultaneously modified) as {ANSI C}. See also {ACCU}, {ae}, {c68}, {c386}, {C-Interp}, {cxref}, {dbx}, {dsp56k-gcc}, {dsp56165-gcc}, {gc}, {GCT}, {GNU C}, {GNU superoptimiser}, {Harvest C}, {malloc}, {mpl}, {Pthreads}, {ups}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+@ (Formerly Calico). An {object-oriented language} from {Bell Laboratories} which uniformly represents all data as a pointer to a self-described object. C+@ provides {multiple inheritance} with {delegation} and with control over which {method}s come from which delegated object; and {default methodologies}. It has a simple {syntax} with emphasis on graphics. It was originally used for prototyping of telecommunication services. {Unir Tech} has the exclusive license from Bell Labs to distribute C+@. Unfortunately Unir is owned and operated by well-known anti-{IETF} ranter, Jim Fleming, which may have had something to do with the language's rapid disappearence from the radar screen. It runs under {SunOS} and compiles to {Vcode}. E-mail: Jim Vandendorpe ["A Dynamic C-Based Object-Oriented System for Unix", S. Engelstad et al, IEEE Software 8(3):73-85 (May 1991)]. ["The C+@ Programming Language", J. Fleming, Dr Dobbs J, Oct 1993, pp.24-32]. [{Jargon File}] (2002-05-18) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C* superset of {ANSI C} with synchronous {semantics}, for the {Connection Machine}, designed by {Thinking Machines}, 1987. C* adds a "domain" data type and a selection statement for parallel execution in domains. An unimplemented language called "{Parallel C}" [which one?] influenced the design of {C*}. {Dataparallel-C} was based on {C*}. Current version: 6.x, as of 1993-07-27. ["C*: An Extended C Language for Data Parallel Programming", J.R. Rose et al, Proc Second Intl Conf on Supercomputing, L.P. Kartashev et al eds, May 1987, pp 2-16]. ["C* Programming Manual", Thinking Machines Corp, 1986]. [{Jargon File}] (2000-11-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C+- Each C+- {class} instance, known as a subject, holds hidden {members}, known as prejudices, agendas or undeclared preferences, which are impervious to outside messages; as well as public members, known as boasts or claims. The following {C} {operators} are overridden as shown: > better than < worse than >> way better than << forget it ! not on your life == comparable, other things being equal !== get a life, guy! C+- is {strongly typed}, based on stereotyping and self-righteous logic. The {Boolean} {variables} TRUE and FALSE (known as constants in other, less realistic languages) are supplemented with CREDIBLE and DUBIOUS, which are fuzzier than Zadeh's traditional fuzzy categories. All Booleans can be declared with the modifiers strong and weak. Weak implication is said to "preserve deniability" and was added at the request of the DoD to ensure compatibility with future versions of {Ada}. Well-formed falsehoods (WFFs) are {assignment}-compatible with all Booleans. What-if and why-not interactions are aided by the special conditional EVENIFNOT X THEN Y. C+- supports {information hiding} and, among {friend classes} only, rumor sharing. Borrowing from the {Eiffel} lexicon, non-friend classes can be killed by arranging contracts. Note that friendships are {intransitive}, {volatile} and non-{Abelian}. {Operator precedence} rules can be suspended with the directive #pragma dwim, known as the "{Do what I mean}" {pragma}. {ANSIfication} will be firmly resisted. C+-'s slogan is "Be Your Own Standard." [{Jargon File}] (1999-06-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C++ superset of {C} developed primarily by {Bjarne Stroustrup} In C++ a {class} is a user-defined {type}, syntactically a {struct} with {member functions}. {Constructors} and {destructors} are member functions called to create or destroy {instances}. A {friend} is a nonmember function that is allowed to access the private portion of a class. C++ allows {implicit type conversion}, {function inlining}, {overloading} of operators and function names, and {default function arguments}. It has {streams} for I/O and {references}. C++ 2.0 (May 1989) introduced {multiple inheritance}, {type-safe linkage}, pointers to members, and {abstract classes}. C++ 2.1 was introduced in ["Annotated C++ Reference Manual", B. Stroustrup et al, A-W 1990]. {MS-DOS (ftp://grape.ecs.clarkson.edu/pub/msdos/djgpp/djgpp.zip)}, {Unix ANSI C++ (ftp://gnu.org/pub/gnu/g++-1.39.0.tar.Z)} - X3J16 committee. (They're workin' on it). See also {cfront}, {LEDA}, {uC++}. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.c++}. ["The C++ Programming Language", Bjarne Stroustrup, A-W, 1986]. (1996-06-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C-10 An improved version of {COLINGO}. [Sammet 1969, p.702]. (1994-10-28) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
c386 A compiler for {K&R C} plus {prototype}s and other {ANSI C} features by Matthew Brandt, Christoph van Wuellen, Keith and Dave Walker. c386 is targetted to several {68000} and {Intel 80386} {assembler}s, including {gas}. {floating-point} support is by inline code or {emulation}. It can produce lots of warnings and generates better code than {ACK}. {Version 4.2a (ftp://bugs.nosc.mil/pub/Minix/common-pkgs/c386-4.2.tar.Z)}. c386 has been ported to {Intel 80386} and {68000} {MINIX} and should work on any Unix. It is actively worked on by the Walkers. {Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.os.minix}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C5 An {OPS5} implementation in {C}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C64 {Commodore 64} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
c68 {c386} also produces {68000} code. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ca (1995-04-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CA 1. 2. 3. (1996-09-28) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ca (1995-04-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CA 1. 2. 3. (1996-09-28) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CAE 1. 2. (1999-09-17) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CAI {Computer-Aided Instruction} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cc Islands. (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CC++ {Compositional C++} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C/C++ 1. {Borland C/C++}. 2. {Watcom C/C++}. 3. Either {C} or {C++}. (1996-04-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cc Islands. (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CC++ {Compositional C++} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C/C++ 1. {Borland C/C++}. 2. {Watcom C/C++}. 3. Either {C} or {C++}. (1996-04-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cc Islands. (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CC++ {Compositional C++} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C/C++ 1. {Borland C/C++}. 2. {Watcom C/C++}. 3. Either {C} or {C++}. (1996-04-06) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CCS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (1997-10-22) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CE {IBM Customer Engineer} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cg (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CGA {Color Graphics Adapter} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CGI 1. 2. 3. 4. (1997-02-11) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Ch Integration} and marketed for {scripting}, {shell programming}, and graph plotting, it is a superset of {C}/{C++}. Ch is also the name of Soft Integration's {interpreter} for the language. Currently the Ch interpreter is available for {Windows}, {Solaris}, {HP-UX}, {Linux}, and {Mac} platforms. {Soft Integration (http://www.softintegration.com/)}. (2003-08-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ch (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
Ch Integration} and marketed for {scripting}, {shell programming}, and graph plotting, it is a superset of {C}/{C++}. Ch is also the name of Soft Integration's {interpreter} for the language. Currently the Ch interpreter is available for {Windows}, {Solaris}, {HP-UX}, {Linux}, and {Mac} platforms. {Soft Integration (http://www.softintegration.com/)}. (2003-08-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ch (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CHI A wide spectrum language, the forerunner of Refine. "Research on Knowledge-Based Software Environments at Kestrel Institute", D.R. Smith et al, IEEE Trans Soft Eng, SE-11(11) (1985). | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ci Coast). [{Jargon File}] (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CI$ CIS, {CompuServe Information Service}. Also {Compu$erve}. The dollar sign refers to CompuServe's rather steep line charges. Often used in {sig block}s just before a CompuServe address. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-25) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ci Coast). [{Jargon File}] (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CI$ CIS, {CompuServe Information Service}. Also {Compu$erve}. The dollar sign refers to CompuServe's rather steep line charges. Often used in {sig block}s just before a CompuServe address. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-25) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CJK Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. These languages all share the fact that their writing systems are based partly on {Han characters} (i.e., "hanzi" or "{kanji}"), which are complex enough of a system to require 16-bit {character encodings}. CJK character encodings should consist minimally of {Han characters} plus language-specific phonetic scripts such as pinyin, bopomofo, hiragana, hangul, etc. {CJKV} is CJK plus {Vietnamese}. {(ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/doc/cjk.inf)}. (2001-01-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
ck (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
co (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CO2 An {object-oriented} {database} language combining {C} and {O2}, from GIP Altair, Versailles, France. [Francois Bancilon et al, in Advances in Object-Oriented Database Systems, K.R. Dittrich ed, LNCS 334, Springer 1988]. (1994-12-22) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CS-4 ["CS-4 Language Reference Manual and Operating System Interface", Ben M. Brosgol et al, Report IR-130-2, Intermetrics, Cambridge MA, Oct 1975]. (1995-01-19) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSCI {Computer Software Configuration Item} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
C/SCSC {Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSCW {Computer Supported Cooperative Work} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSG {constructive solid geometry} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
csh {C shell} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSO Campus Phone Book software developed for, and originally used at, the Computer Services Office of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The server software is known as "qi" and the client is "ph". Recent versions of the software refer to CCSO (Computing & Communications Service Office). {(ftp://uxc.cso.uiuc.edu/)}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSS {Cascading Style Sheets} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSSA An {object-oriented} language. ["Key Concepts in the INCAS Multicomputer Project", J. Nehmer et al, IEEE Trans Soft Eng SE-13(8):913-923 (Aug 1987)]. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSS/II Computer System Simulator II. Like {GPSS}, for {IBM 360}. ["Computer System Simulator II (CSS II) Program Description and Operations Manual", SH20-0875, IBM]. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CSU 1. {California State University}. 2. {Cleveland State University}. 3. {Channel Service Unit}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CU (1997-12-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cu 1. 2. (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CU (1997-12-01) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cu 1. 2. (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CUA {Common User Access} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CW {continuous wave} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
CWI {Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica} | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cx (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cy (1999-01-27) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
cz (1999-01-27) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Cow A cow and her calf were not to be killed on the same day (Lev. 22:28; Ex. 23:19; Deut. 22:6, 7). The reason for this enactment is not given. A state of great poverty is described in the words of Isa. 7:21-25, where, instead of possessing great resources, a man shall depend for the subsistence of himself and his family on what a single cow and two sheep could yield. |