English Dictionary: Breitbandzugnge | by the DICT Development Group |
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From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bird fancier \Bird" fan`ci*er\ 1. One who takes pleasure in rearing or collecting rare or curious birds. 2. One who has for sale the various kinds of birds which are kept in cages. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Jove \Jove\, n. [L. Jupiter, gen. Jovis, OL. Jovis, nom. & gen. for Djovis; akin to E. Tuesday. See {Tuesday}, and cf. {Jupiter}.] 1. The chief divinity of the ancient Romans; Jupiter. 2. (Astron.) The planet Jupiter. [R.] --Pope. 3. (Alchemy) The metal tin. {Bird of Jove}, the eagle. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bird \Bird\ (b[etil]rd), n. [OE. brid, bred, bird, young bird, bird, AS. bridd young bird. [root]92.] 1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2). That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. --Shak. The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. --Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20). 2. (Zo[94]l.) A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See {Aves}. 3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird. 4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden. And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry. --Campbell. {Arabian bird}, the phenix. {Bird of Jove}, the eagle. {Bird of Juno}, the peacock. {Bird louse} (Zo[94]l.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite (Zo[94]l.), a small mite (genera {Dermanyssus}, {Dermaleichus} and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous. {Bird of passage}, a migratory bird. {Bird spider} (Zo[94]l.), a very large South American spider ({Mygale avicularia}). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds. {Bird tick} (Zo[94]l.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus {Ornithomyia}, and allies), usually winged. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
June \Ju"ne\, n.; pl. {Junos}. [L.] 1. (Rom. Myth.) The sister and wife of Jupiter, the queen of heaven, and the goddess who presided over marriage. She corresponds to the Greek Hera. Sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes. -- Shak. 2. (Astron.) One of the early discovered asteroids. {Bird of June}, the peacock. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bird \Bird\ (b[etil]rd), n. [OE. brid, bred, bird, young bird, bird, AS. bridd young bird. [root]92.] 1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2). That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. --Shak. The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. --Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20). 2. (Zo[94]l.) A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See {Aves}. 3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird. 4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden. And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry. --Campbell. {Arabian bird}, the phenix. {Bird of Jove}, the eagle. {Bird of Juno}, the peacock. {Bird louse} (Zo[94]l.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite (Zo[94]l.), a small mite (genera {Dermanyssus}, {Dermaleichus} and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous. {Bird of passage}, a migratory bird. {Bird spider} (Zo[94]l.), a very large South American spider ({Mygale avicularia}). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds. {Bird tick} (Zo[94]l.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus {Ornithomyia}, and allies), usually winged. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bird of paradise \Bird" of par"a*dise\ (Zo[94]l.) The name of several very beautiful birds of the genus {Paradisea} and allied genera, inhabiting New Guinea and the adjacent islands. The males have brilliant colors, elegant plumes, and often remarkable tail feathers. Note: The {Great emerald} ({Paradisea apoda}) and the {Lesser emerald} ({P. minor}) furnish many of the plumes used as ornaments by ladies; the Red is {P. rubra [or] sanguinea}; the Golden is {Parotia aurea [or] sexsetacea}; the King is {Cincinnurus regius}. The name is also applied to the longer-billed birds of another related group ({Epimachin[91]}) from the same region. The Twelve-wired ({Seleucides alba}) is one of these. See {Paradise bird}, and Note under {Apod}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bird \Bird\ (b[etil]rd), n. [OE. brid, bred, bird, young bird, bird, AS. bridd young bird. [root]92.] 1. Orig., a chicken; the young of a fowl; a young eaglet; a nestling; and hence, a feathered flying animal (see 2). That ungentle gull, the cuckoo's bird. --Shak. The brydds [birds] of the aier have nestes. --Tyndale (Matt. viii. 20). 2. (Zo[94]l.) A warm-blooded, feathered vertebrate provided with wings. See {Aves}. 3. Specifically, among sportsmen, a game bird. 4. Fig.: A girl; a maiden. And by my word! the bonny bird In danger shall not tarry. --Campbell. {Arabian bird}, the phenix. {Bird of Jove}, the eagle. {Bird of Juno}, the peacock. {Bird louse} (Zo[94]l.), a wingless insect of the group Mallophaga, of which the genera and species are very numerous and mostly parasitic upon birds. -- Bird mite (Zo[94]l.), a small mite (genera {Dermanyssus}, {Dermaleichus} and allies) parasitic upon birds. The species are numerous. {Bird of passage}, a migratory bird. {Bird spider} (Zo[94]l.), a very large South American spider ({Mygale avicularia}). It is said sometimes to capture and kill small birds. {Bird tick} (Zo[94]l.), a dipterous insect parasitic upon birds (genus {Ornithomyia}, and allies), usually winged. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bird pepper \Bird" pep`per\ A species of capsicum ({Capsicum baccatum}), whose small, conical, coral-red fruit is among the most piquant of all red peppers. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Birdbolt \Bird"bolt`\, n. A short blunt arrow for killing birds without piercing them. Hence: Anything which smites without penetrating. --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Birthplace \Birth"place`\, n. The town, city, or country, where a person is born; place of origin or birth, in its more general sense. [bd]The birthplace of valor.[b8] --Burns. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Board \Board\, n. [OE. bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to bred plank, Icel. bor[?] board, side of a ship, Goth. f[?]tu-baurd]/> footstool, D. bord board, G. brett, bort. See def. 8. [root]92.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc. Note: When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a plank. 2. A table to put food upon. Note: The term board answers to the modern table, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles. --Halliwell. Fruit of all kinds . . . She gathers, tribute large, and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand. --Milton. 3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's board; the price of board. 4. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc. Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that board. --Clarendon. We may judge from their letters to the board. --Porteus. 5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board. 6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards. 7. pl. The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical profession. 8. [In this use originally perh. a different word meaning border, margin; cf. D. boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G. borte trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. {Border}.] The border or side of anything. (Naut.) (a) The side of a ship. [bd]Now board to board the rival vessels row.[b8] --Dryden. See {On board}, below. (b) The stretch which a ship makes in one tack. Note: Board is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir board, clapboard, floor board, shipboard, sideboard, ironing board, chessboard, cardboard, pasteboard, seaboard; board measure. {The American Board}, a shortened form of [bd]The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions[b8] (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches). {Bed and board}. See under {Bed}. {Board and board} (Naut.), side by side. {Board of control}, six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies. --Stormonth. {Board rule}, a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board. --Haldeman. {Board of trade}, in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce. {Board wages}. (a) Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only board wages. (b) Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c) A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging. --Dryden. {By the board}, over the board, or side. [bd]The mast went by the board.[b8] --Totten. Hence (Fig.), {To go by the board}, to suffer complete destruction or overthrow. {To enter on the boards}, to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge, England.] [bd]Having been entered on the boards of Trinity college.[b8] --Hallam. {To make a good board} (Naut.), to sail in a straight line when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward. {To make short boards}, to tack frequently. {On board}. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came on board early; to be on board ship. (b) In or into a railway car or train. [Colloq. U. S.] {Returning board}, a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election. [U.S.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Control \Con*trol"\, n. [F. contr[93]le a counter register, contr. fr. contr-r[93]le; contre (L. contra) + r[93]le roll, catalogue. See {Counter} and {Roll}, and cf. {Counterroll}.] 1. A duplicate book, register, or account, kept to correct or check another account or register; a counter register. [Obs.] --Johnson. 2. That which serves to check, restrain, or hinder; restraint. [bd]Speak without control.[b8] --Dryden. 3. Power or authority to check or restrain; restraining or regulating influence; superintendence; government; as, children should be under parental control. The House of Commons should exercise a control over all the departments of the executive administration. --Macaulay. {Board of control}. See under {Board}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Trade \Trade\, n. [Formerly, a path, OE. tred a footmark. See {Tread}, n. & v.] 1. A track; a trail; a way; a path; also, passage; travel; resort. [Obs.] A postern with a blind wicket there was, A common trade to pass through Priam's house. --Surrey. Hath tracted forth some salvage beastes trade. --Spenser. Or, I'll be buried in the king's highway, Some way of common trade, where subjects' feet May hourly trample on their sovereign's head. --Shak. 2. Course; custom; practice; occupation; employment. [Obs.] [bd]The right trade of religion.[b8] --Udall. There those five sisters had continual trade. --Spenser. Long did I love this lady, Long was my travel, long my trade to win her. --Massinger. Thy sin's not accidental but a trade. --Shak. 3. Business of any kind; matter of mutual consideration; affair; dealing. [Obs.] Have you any further trade with us? --Shak. 4. Specifically: The act or business of exchanging commodities by barter, or by buying and selling for money; commerce; traffic; barter. Note: Trade comprehends every species of exchange or dealing, either in the produce of land, in manufactures, in bills, or in money; but it is chiefly used to denote the barter or purchase and sale of goods, wares, and merchandise, either by wholesale or retail. Trade is either foreign or domestic. Foreign trade consists in the exportation and importation of goods, or the exchange of the commodities of different countries. Domestic, or home, trade is the exchange, or buying and selling, of goods within a country. Trade is also by the wholesale, that is, by the package or in large quantities, generally to be sold again, or it is by retail, or in small parcels. The carrying trade is the business of transporting commodities from one country to another, or between places in the same country, by land or water. 5. The business which a person has learned, and which he engages in, for procuring subsistence, or for profit; occupation; especially, mechanical employment as distinguished from the liberal arts, the learned professions, and agriculture; as, we speak of the trade of a smith, of a carpenter, or mason, but not now of the trade of a farmer, or a lawyer, or a physician. Accursed usury was all his trade. --Spenser. The homely, slighted, shepherd's trade. --Milton. I will instruct thee in my trade. --Shak. 6. Instruments of any occupation. [Obs.] The house and household goods, his trade of war. --Dryden. 7. A company of men engaged in the same occupation; thus, booksellers and publishers speak of the customs of the trade, and are collectively designated as the trade. 8. pl. The trade winds. 9. Refuse or rubbish from a mine. [Prov. Eng.] Syn: Profession; occupation; office; calling; avocation; employment; commerce; dealing; traffic. {Board of trade}. See under {Board}. {Trade dollar}. See under {Dollar}. {Trade price}, the price at which goods are sold to members of the same trade, or by wholesale dealers to retailers. {Trade sale}, an auction by and for the trade, especially that of the booksellers. {Trade wind}, a wind in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond at, which blows from the same quarter throughout the year, except when affected by local causes; -- so called because of its usefulness to navigators, and hence to trade. Note: The general direction of the trade winds is from N. E. to S. W. on the north side of the equator, and from S. E. to N. W. on the south side of the equator. They are produced by the joint effect of the rotation of the earth and the movement of the air from the polar toward the equatorial regions, to supply the vacancy caused by heating, rarefaction, and consequent ascent of the air in the latter regions. The trade winds are principally limited to two belts in the tropical regions, one on each side of the equator, and separated by a belt which is characterized by calms or variable weather. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Board \Board\, n. [OE. bord, AS. bord board, shipboard; akin to bred plank, Icel. bor[?] board, side of a ship, Goth. f[?]tu-baurd]/> footstool, D. bord board, G. brett, bort. See def. 8. [root]92.] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, and of considerable length and breadth as compared with the thickness, -- used for building, etc. Note: When sawed thick, as over one and a half or two inches, it is usually called a plank. 2. A table to put food upon. Note: The term board answers to the modern table, but it was often movable, and placed on trestles. --Halliwell. Fruit of all kinds . . . She gathers, tribute large, and on the board Heaps with unsparing hand. --Milton. 3. Hence: What is served on a table as food; stated meals; provision; entertainment; -- usually as furnished for pay; as, to work for one's board; the price of board. 4. A table at which a council or court is held. Hence: A council, convened for business, or any authorized assembly or meeting, public or private; a number of persons appointed or elected to sit in council for the management or direction of some public or private business or trust; as, the Board of Admiralty; a board of trade; a board of directors, trustees, commissioners, etc. Both better acquainted with affairs than any other who sat then at that board. --Clarendon. We may judge from their letters to the board. --Porteus. 5. A square or oblong piece of thin wood or other material used for some special purpose, as, a molding board; a board or surface painted or arranged for a game; as, a chessboard; a backgammon board. 6. Paper made thick and stiff like a board, for book covers, etc.; pasteboard; as, to bind a book in boards. 7. pl. The stage in a theater; as, to go upon the boards, to enter upon the theatrical profession. 8. [In this use originally perh. a different word meaning border, margin; cf. D. boord, G. bord, shipboard, and G. borte trimming; also F. bord (fr. G.) the side of a ship. Cf. {Border}.] The border or side of anything. (Naut.) (a) The side of a ship. [bd]Now board to board the rival vessels row.[b8] --Dryden. See {On board}, below. (b) The stretch which a ship makes in one tack. Note: Board is much used adjectively or as the last part of a compound; as, fir board, clapboard, floor board, shipboard, sideboard, ironing board, chessboard, cardboard, pasteboard, seaboard; board measure. {The American Board}, a shortened form of [bd]The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions[b8] (the foreign missionary society of the American Congregational churches). {Bed and board}. See under {Bed}. {Board and board} (Naut.), side by side. {Board of control}, six privy councilors formerly appointed to superintend the affairs of the British East Indies. --Stormonth. {Board rule}, a figured scale for finding without calculation the number of square feet in a board. --Haldeman. {Board of trade}, in England, a committee of the privy council appointed to superintend matters relating to trade. In the United States, a body of men appointed for the advancement and protection of their business interests; a chamber of commerce. {Board wages}. (a) Food and lodging supplied as compensation for services; as, to work hard, and get only board wages. (b) Money wages which are barely sufficient to buy food and lodging. (c) A separate or special allowance of wages for the procurement of food, or food and lodging. --Dryden. {By the board}, over the board, or side. [bd]The mast went by the board.[b8] --Totten. Hence (Fig.), {To go by the board}, to suffer complete destruction or overthrow. {To enter on the boards}, to have one's name inscribed on a board or tablet in a college as a student. [Cambridge, England.] [bd]Having been entered on the boards of Trinity college.[b8] --Hallam. {To make a good board} (Naut.), to sail in a straight line when close-hauled; to lose little to leeward. {To make short boards}, to tack frequently. {On board}. (a) On shipboard; in a ship or a boat; on board of; as, I came on board early; to be on board ship. (b) In or into a railway car or train. [Colloq. U. S.] {Returning board}, a board empowered to canvass and make an official statement of the votes cast at an election. [U.S.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Treasury \Treas"ur*y\, n.; pl. {Treasuries}. [OE. tresorie, F. tr[82]sorerie.] 1. A place or building in which stores of wealth are deposited; especially, a place where public revenues are deposited and kept, and where money is disbursed to defray the expenses of government; hence, also, the place of deposit and disbursement of any collected funds. 2. That department of a government which has charge of the finances. 3. A repository of abundance; a storehouse. 4. Hence, a book or work containing much valuable knowledge, wisdom, wit, or the like; a thesaurus; as, [bd] Maunder's Treasury of Botany.[b8] 5. A treasure. [Obs.] --Marston. {Board of treasury}, the board to which is intrusted the management of all matters relating to the sovereign's civil list or other revenues. [Eng.] --Brande & C. {Treasury bench}, the first row of seats on the right hand of the Speaker in the House of Commons; -- so called because occupied by the first lord of the treasury and chief minister of the crown. [Eng.] {Treasury lord}. See {Lord high treasurer of England}, under {Treasurer}. [Eng.] {Treasury note} (U. S. Finance), a circulating note or bill issued by government authority from the Treasury Department, and receivable in payment of dues to the government. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Pennant \Pen"nant\, n. [OE. penon, penoun, pynoun, OF. penon, F. pennon, fr. L. penna feather. See {Pen} a feather, and cf. {Pennon}, {Pinion}.] (Naut.) (a) A small flag; a pennon. The {narrow, [or] long, pennant} (called also whip or coach whip) is a long, narrow piece of bunting, carried at the masthead of a government vessel in commission. The {board pennant} is an oblong, nearly square flag, carried at the masthead of a commodore's vessel. [bd]With flags and pennants trimmed.[b8] --Drayton. (b) A rope or strap to which a purchase is hooked. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Boardable \Board"a*ble\, a. That can be boarded, as a ship. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Sloth \Sloth\, n. [OE. slouthe, sleuthe, AS. sl[?]w[?], fr. sl[be]w slow. See {Slow}.] 1. Slowness; tardiness. These cardinals trifle with me; I abhor This dilatory sloth and tricks of Rome. --Shak. 2. Disinclination to action or labor; sluggishness; laziness; idleness. [They] change their course to pleasure, ease, and sloth. --Milton. Sloth, like rust, consumes faster than labor wears. --Franklin. 3. (Zo[94]l.) Any one of several species of arboreal edentates constituting the family {Bradypodid[91]}, and the suborder Tardigrada. They have long exserted limbs and long prehensile claws. Both jaws are furnished with teeth (see Illust. of {Edentata}), and the ears and tail are rudimentary. They inhabit South and Central America and Mexico. Note: The three-toed sloths belong to the genera {Bradypus} and {Arctopithecus}, of which several species have been described. They have three toes on each foot. The best-known species are collared sloth ({Bradypus tridactylus}), and the ai ({Arctopitheus ai}). The two-toed sloths, consisting the genus {Cholopus}, have two toes on each fore foot and three on each hind foot. The best-known is the unau ({Cholopus didactylus}) of South America. See {Unau}. Another species ({C. Hoffmanni}) inhabits Central America. Various large extinct terrestrial edentates, such as Megatherium and Mylodon, are often called sloths. {Australian, [or] Native} {sloth} (Zo[94]l.), the koala. {Sloth animalcule} (Zo[94]l.), a tardigrade. {Sloth bear} (Zo[94]l.), a black or brown long-haired bear ({Melursus ursinus, [or] labiatus}), native of India and Ceylon; -- called also {aswail}, {labiated bear}, and {jungle bear}. It is easily tamed and can be taught many tricks. {Sloth monkey} (Zo[94]l.), a loris. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Ai \A"i\, n.; pl. {Ais}. [Braz. a[8b], ha[8b], from the animal's cry: cf. F. a[8b].] (Zo[94]l.) The three-toed sloth ({Bradypus tridactylus}) of South America. See {Sloth}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breadbasket \Bread"bas`ket\, n. The stomach. [Humorous] --S. Foote. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breadfruit \Bread"fruit`\, n. (Bot.) 1. The fruit of a tree ({Artocarpus incisa}) found in the islands of the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name. 2. (Bot.) The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called also {breadfruit tree} and {bread tree}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breadfruit \Bread"fruit`\, n. (Bot.) 1. The fruit of a tree ({Artocarpus incisa}) found in the islands of the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name. 2. (Bot.) The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called also {breadfruit tree} and {bread tree}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breadth \Breadth\, n. [OE. brede, breede, whence later bredette, AS. br[?]du, fr. br[be]d broad. See {Broad}, a.] 1. Distance from side to side of any surface or thing; measure across, or at right angles to the length; width. 2. (Fine Arts) The quality of having the colors and shadows broad and massive, and the arrangement of objects such as to avoid to great multiplicity of details, producing an impression of largeness and simple grandeur; -- called also {breadth of effect}. Breadth of coloring is a prominent character in the painting of all great masters. --Weale. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breathable \Breath"a*ble\ (br[emac][th]"[adot]*b'l), a. Such as can be breathed. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breathableness \Breath"a*ble*ness\, n. State of being breathable. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breathful \Breath"ful\, a. Full of breath; full of odor; fragrant. [Obs.] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Breedbate \Breed"bate\, n. One who breeds or originates quarrels. [Obs.] [bd]No telltale nor no breedbate.[b8] --Shak. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bretful \Bret"ful\, a. [OE. also brerdful, fr. brerd top, brim, AS. brerd.] Brimful. [Obs.] --Chaucer. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bride \Bride\ (br[imac]d), n. [OE. bride, brid, brude, brud, burd, AS. br[ymac]d; akin to OFries. breid, OSax. br[umac]d, D. bruid, OHG. pr[umac]t, br[umac]t, G. braut, Icel. br[umac][edh]r, Sw. & Dan. brud, Goth. br[umac][thorn]s; cf. Armor. pried spouse, W. priawd a married person.] 1. A woman newly married, or about to be married. Has by his own experience tried How much the wife is dearer than the bride. --Lyttleton. I will show thee the bride, the Lamb's wife. --Rev. xxi. 9. 2. Fig.: An object ardently loved. {Bride of the sea}, the city of Venice. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bridebed \Bride"bed`\, n. The marriage bed. [Poetic] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Broad \Broad\, a. [Compar. {Broader}; superl. {Broadest}.] [OE. brod, brad, AS. br[be]d; akin to OS. br[c7]d, D. breed, G. breit, Icel. brei[?]r, Sw. & Dan. bred, Goth. braids. Cf. {Breadth}.] 1. Wide; extend in breadth, or from side to side; -- opposed to {narrow}; as, a broad street, a broad table; an inch broad. 2. Extending far and wide; extensive; vast; as, the broad expanse of ocean. 3. Extended, in the sense of diffused; open; clear; full. [bd]Broad and open day.[b8] --Bp. Porteus. 4. Fig.: Having a large measure of any thing or quality; not limited; not restrained; -- applied to any subject, and retaining the literal idea more or less clearly, the precise meaning depending largely on the substantive. A broad mixture of falsehood. --Locke. Note: Hence: 5. Comprehensive; liberal; enlarged. The words in the Constitution are broad enough to include the case. --D. Daggett. In a broad, statesmanlike, and masterly way. --E. Everett. 6. Plain; evident; as, a broad hint. 7. Free; unrestrained; unconfined. As broad and general as the casing air. --Shak. 8. (Fine Arts) Characterized by breadth. See {Breadth}. 9. Cross; coarse; indelicate; as, a broad compliment; a broad joke; broad humor. 10. Strongly marked; as, a broad Scotch accent. Note: Broad is often used in compounds to signify wide, large, etc.; as, broad-chested, broad-shouldered, broad-spreading, broad-winged. {Broad acres}. See under {Acre}. {Broad arrow}, originally a pheon. See {Pheon}, and {Broad arrow} under {Arrow}. {As broad as long}, having the length equal to the breadth; hence, the same one way as another; coming to the same result by different ways or processes. It is as broad as long, whether they rise to others, or bring others down to them. --L'Estrange. {Broad pennant}. See under {Pennant}. Syn: Wide; large; ample; expanded; spacious; roomy; extensive; vast; comprehensive; liberal. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tapeworm \Tape"worm`\, n. (Zo[94]l.) Any one of numerous species of cestode worms belonging to T[91]nia and many allied genera. The body is long, flat, and composed of numerous segments or proglottids varying in shape, those toward the end of the body being much larger and longer than the anterior ones, and containing the fully developed sexual organs. The head is small, destitute of a mouth, but furnished with two or more suckers (which vary greatly in shape in different genera), and sometimes, also, with hooks for adhesion to the walls of the intestines of the animals in which they are parasitic. The larv[91] (see {Cysticercus}) live in the flesh of various creatures, and when swallowed by another animal of the right species develop into the mature tapeworm in its intestine. See Illustration in Appendix. Note: Three species are common parasites of man: the {pork tapeworm} ({T[91]nia solium}), the larva of which is found in pork; the {beef tapeworm} ({T. mediocanellata}), the larva of which lives in the flesh of young cattle; and the {broad tapeworm} ({Bothriocephalus latus}) which is found chiefly in the inhabitants of the mountainous regions of Europe and Asia. See also {Echinococcus}, {Cysticercus}, {Proglottis}, and 2d {Measles}, 4. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Tatouay \Tat"ou*ay\, n. [Of Brazilian origin; cf. Pg. tatu, F. tatou.] (Zo[94]l.) An armadillo ({Xenurus unicinctus}), native of the tropical parts of South America. It has about thirteen movable bands composed of small, nearly square, scales. The head is long; the tail is round and tapered, and nearly destitute of scales; the claws of the fore feet are very large. Called also {tatouary}, and {broad-banded armadillo}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
2. (Zo[94]l.) A scaup duck. See below. {Scaup duck} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of northern ducks of the genus {Aythya}, or {Fuligula}. The adult males are, in large part, black. The three North American species are: the greater scaup duck ({Aythya marila}, var. nearctica), called also {broadbill}, {bluebill}, {blackhead}, {flock duck}, {flocking fowl}, and {raft duck}; the lesser scaup duck ({A. affinis}), called also {little bluebill}, {river broadbill}, and {shuffler}; the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup duck ({A. collaris}), called also {black jack}, {ringneck}, {ringbill}, {ringbill shuffler}, etc. See Illust.. of {Ring-necked duck}, under {Ring-necked}. The common European scaup, or mussel, duck ({A. marila}), closely resembles the American variety. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Shoveler \Shov"el*er\, n. [Also shoveller.] 1. One who, or that which, shovels. 2. (Zo[94]l.) A river duck ({Spatula clypeata}), native of Europe and America. It has a large bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely variegated with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head and neck are dark green. Called also {broadbill}, {spoonbill}, {shovelbill}, and {maiden duck}. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed duck ({S. rhynchotis}), is a similar species. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Broadbill \Broad"bill`\, n. 1. (Zo[94]l.) A wild duck ({Aythya, [or] Fuligula, marila)}, which appears in large numbers on the eastern coast of the United States, in autumn; -- called also {bluebill}, {blackhead}, {raft duck}, and {scaup duck}. See {Scaup duck}. 2. (Zo[94]l.) The shoveler. See {Shoveler}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
2. (Zo[94]l.) A scaup duck. See below. {Scaup duck} (Zo[94]l.), any one of several species of northern ducks of the genus {Aythya}, or {Fuligula}. The adult males are, in large part, black. The three North American species are: the greater scaup duck ({Aythya marila}, var. nearctica), called also {broadbill}, {bluebill}, {blackhead}, {flock duck}, {flocking fowl}, and {raft duck}; the lesser scaup duck ({A. affinis}), called also {little bluebill}, {river broadbill}, and {shuffler}; the tufted, or ring-necked, scaup duck ({A. collaris}), called also {black jack}, {ringneck}, {ringbill}, {ringbill shuffler}, etc. See Illust.. of {Ring-necked duck}, under {Ring-necked}. The common European scaup, or mussel, duck ({A. marila}), closely resembles the American variety. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Shoveler \Shov"el*er\, n. [Also shoveller.] 1. One who, or that which, shovels. 2. (Zo[94]l.) A river duck ({Spatula clypeata}), native of Europe and America. It has a large bill, broadest towards the tip. The male is handsomely variegated with green, blue, brown, black, and white on the body; the head and neck are dark green. Called also {broadbill}, {spoonbill}, {shovelbill}, and {maiden duck}. The Australian shoveler, or shovel-nosed duck ({S. rhynchotis}), is a similar species. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Broadbill \Broad"bill`\, n. 1. (Zo[94]l.) A wild duck ({Aythya, [or] Fuligula, marila)}, which appears in large numbers on the eastern coast of the United States, in autumn; -- called also {bluebill}, {blackhead}, {raft duck}, and {scaup duck}. See {Scaup duck}. 2. (Zo[94]l.) The shoveler. See {Shoveler}. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Broadbrim \Broad"brim`\, n. 1. A hat with a very broad brim, like those worn by men of the society of Friends. 2. A member of the society of Friends; a Quaker. [Sportive] | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Broad-brimmed \Broad"-brimmed`\, a. Having a broad brim. A broad-brimmed flat silver plate. --Tatler. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Broadpiece \Broad"piece`\, n. An old English gold coin, broader than a guinea, as a Carolus or Jacobus. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Bulbil \Bulb"il\, n. [Dim. fr. bulb.] 1. (Bot.) A small or secondary bulb; hence, now almost exclusively: An a[89]rial bulb or deciduous bud, produced in the leaf axils, as in the tiger lily, or relpacing the flowers, as in some onions, and capable, when separated, of propagating the plant; -- called also {bulblet} and {brood bud}. 2. (Anat.) A small hollow bulb, such as an enlargement in a small vessel or tube. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Brutify \Bru"ti*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Brutified}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Brutifying}.] [Brute + -fy: cf. F. brutifier.] To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to brutalize. Any man not quite brutified and void of sense. --Barrow. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Brutify \Bru"ti*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Brutified}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Brutifying}.] [Brute + -fy: cf. F. brutifier.] To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to brutalize. Any man not quite brutified and void of sense. --Barrow. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Brutify \Bru"ti*fy\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Brutified}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Brutifying}.] [Brute + -fy: cf. F. brutifier.] To make like a brute; to make senseless, stupid, or unfeeling; to brutalize. Any man not quite brutified and void of sense. --Barrow. | |
From Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (1913) [web1913]: | |
Word \Word\, n. [AS. word; akin to OFries. & OS. word, D. woord, G. wort, Icel. or[edh], Sw. & Dan. ord, Goth. wa[a3]rd, OPruss. wirds, Lith. vardas a name, L. verbum a word; or perhaps to Gr. "rh`twr an orator. Cf. {Verb}.] 1. The spoken sign of a conception or an idea; an articulate or vocal sound, or a combination of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas; a single component part of human speech or language; a constituent part of a sentence; a term; a vocable. [bd]A glutton of words.[b8] --Piers Plowman. You cram these words into mine ears, against The stomach of my sense. --Shak. Amongst men who confound their ideas with words, there must be endless disputes. --Locke. 2. Hence, the written or printed character, or combination of characters, expressing such a term; as, the words on a page. 3. pl. Talk; discourse; speech; language. Why should calamity be full of words? --Shak. Be thy words severe; Sharp as he merits, but the sword forbear. --Dryden. 4. Account; tidings; message; communication; information; -- used only in the singular. I pray you . . . bring me word thither How the world goes. --Shak. 5. Signal; order; command; direction. Give the word through. --Shak. 6. Language considered as implying the faith or authority of the person who utters it; statement; affirmation; declaration; promise. Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly. --Shak. I know you brave, and take you at your word. --Dryden. I desire not the reader should take my word. --Dryden. 7. pl. Verbal contention; dispute. Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. --Shak. 8. A brief remark or observation; an expression; a phrase, clause, or short sentence. All the law is fulfilled in one word, even in this; Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. --Gal. v. 14. She said; but at the happy word [bd]he lives,[b8] My father stooped, re-fathered, o'er my wound. --Tennyson. There is only one other point on which I offer a word of remark. --Dickens. {By word of mouth}, orally; by actual speaking. --Boyle. {Compound word}. See under {Compound}, a. {Good word}, commendation; favorable account. [bd]And gave the harmless fellow a good word.[b8] --Pope. {In a word}, briefly; to sum up. {In word}, in declaration; in profession. [bd]Let us not love in word, . . . but in deed and in truth.[b8] --1 John iii. 8. {Nuns of the Word Incarnate} (R. C. Ch.), an order of nuns founded in France in 1625, and approved in 1638. The order, which also exists in the United States, was instituted for the purpose of doing honor to the [bd]Mystery of the Incarnation of the Son of God.[b8] {The word}, or {The Word}. (Theol.) (a) The gospel message; esp., the Scriptures, as a revelation of God. [bd]Bold to speak the word without fear.[b8] --Phil. i. 14. (b) The second person in the Trinity before his manifestation in time by the incarnation; among those who reject a Trinity of persons, some one or all of the divine attributes personified. --John i. 1. {To eat one's words}, to retract what has been said. {To have the words for}, to speak for; to act as spokesman. [Obs.] [bd]Our host hadde the wordes for us all.[b8] --Chaucer. {Word blindness} (Physiol.), inability to understand printed or written words or symbols, although the person affected may be able to see quite well, speak fluently, and write correctly. --Landois & Stirling. {Word deafness} (Physiol.), inability to understand spoken words, though the person affected may hear them and other sounds, and hence is not deaf. {Word dumbness} (Physiol.), inability to express ideas in verbal language, though the power of speech is unimpaired. {Word for word}, in the exact words; verbatim; literally; exactly; as, to repeat anything word for word. {Word painting}, the act of describing an object fully and vividly by words only, so as to present it clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. {Word picture}, an accurate and vivid description, which presents an object clearly to the mind, as if in a picture. {Word square}, a series of words so arranged that they can be read vertically and horizontally with like results. Note: H E A R T E M B E R A B U S E R E S I N T R E N T (A word square) Syn: See {Term}. | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bradbury, CA (city, FIPS 7946) Location: 34.15249 N, 117.96841 W Population (1990): 829 (281 housing units) Area: 4.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 91010 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Braddyville, IA (city, FIPS 7930) Location: 40.57794 N, 95.04444 W Population (1990): 219 (88 housing units) Area: 6.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 51631 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bradford, AR (city, FIPS 8260) Location: 35.42307 N, 91.45664 W Population (1990): 874 (423 housing units) Area: 1.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 72020 Bradford, IA Zip code(s): 50041 Bradford, IL (village, FIPS 7692) Location: 41.17688 N, 89.65716 W Population (1990): 678 (302 housing units) Area: 1.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 61421 Bradford, MA Zip code(s): 01835 Bradford, ME Zip code(s): 04410 Bradford, NH Zip code(s): 03221 Bradford, NY Zip code(s): 14815 Bradford, OH (village, FIPS 8084) Location: 40.13090 N, 84.42931 W Population (1990): 2005 (699 housing units) Area: 1.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 45308 Bradford, PA (city, FIPS 8040) Location: 41.96046 N, 78.64023 W Population (1990): 9625 (4477 housing units) Area: 8.9 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 16701 Bradford, RI (CDP, FIPS 8020) Location: 41.39372 N, 71.75034 W Population (1990): 1604 (557 housing units) Area: 7.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 02808 Bradford, TN (town, FIPS 7860) Location: 36.07395 N, 88.81768 W Population (1990): 1154 (503 housing units) Area: 4.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 38316 Bradford, VT (village, FIPS 7225) Location: 43.99408 N, 72.12816 W Population (1990): 672 (293 housing units) Area: 1.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 05033 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bradford County, FL (county, FIPS 7) Location: 29.94950 N, 82.16818 W Population (1990): 22515 (8099 housing units) Area: 759.3 sq km (land), 17.9 sq km (water) Bradford County, PA (county, FIPS 15) Location: 41.79281 N, 76.51807 W Population (1990): 60967 (27058 housing units) Area: 2980.4 sq km (land), 26.8 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bradfordsville, KY (city, FIPS 9100) Location: 37.49544 N, 85.14824 W Population (1990): 199 (92 housing units) Area: 0.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 40009 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bradfordwoods, PA (borough, FIPS 8064) Location: 40.63577 N, 80.08031 W Population (1990): 1329 (476 housing units) Area: 2.3 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 15015 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bradyville, TN Zip code(s): 37026 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Bridport, VT Zip code(s): 05734 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broad Bottom, KY Zip code(s): 41501 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broad Brook, CT (CDP, FIPS 8770) Location: 41.90900 N, 72.54440 W Population (1990): 3585 (1497 housing units) Area: 15.3 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broad Fields, KY (city, FIPS 9766) Location: 38.24105 N, 85.65185 W Population (1990): 273 (135 housing units) Area: 0.2 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broad Top, PA Zip code(s): 16621 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broad Top City, PA (borough, FIPS 8896) Location: 40.20154 N, 78.14066 W Population (1990): 331 (150 housing units) Area: 1.7 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broadbent, OR Zip code(s): 97414 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broadford, VA Zip code(s): 24316 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broadview, IL (village, FIPS 8446) Location: 41.85805 N, 87.85594 W Population (1990): 8713 (3581 housing units) Area: 4.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 60153 Broadview, MT (town, FIPS 9775) Location: 46.09776 N, 108.87724 W Population (1990): 133 (62 housing units) Area: 0.6 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) Zip code(s): 59015 Broadview, NM Zip code(s): 88112 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broadview Height, OH Zip code(s): 44147 | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broadview Heights, OH (city, FIPS 9064) Location: 41.31925 N, 81.67988 W Population (1990): 12219 (5010 housing units) Area: 33.8 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broadview Park, FL (CDP, FIPS 8650) Location: 26.09855 N, 80.20931 W Population (1990): 6109 (2236 housing units) Area: 2.5 sq km (land), 0.1 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Broadview-Pompano Park, FL (CDP, FIPS 8662) Location: 26.20073 N, 80.20946 W Population (1990): 5230 (2260 housing units) Area: 2.0 sq km (land), 0.0 sq km (water) | |
From U.S. Gazetteer (1990) [gazetteer]: | |
Brodbecks, PA Zip code(s): 17329 | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
breath-of-life packet n. [XEROX PARC] An Ethernet packet that contains bootstrap (see {boot}) code, periodically sent out from a working computer to infuse the `breath of life' into any computer on the network that has happened to crash. Machines depending on such packets have sufficient hardware or firmware code to wait for (or request) such a packet during the reboot process. See also {dickless workstation}. The notional `kiss-of-death packet', with a function complementary to that of a breath-of-life packet, is recommended for dealing with hosts that consume too many network resources. Though `kiss-of-death packet' is usually used in jest, there is at least one documented instance of an Internet subnet with limited address-table slots in a gateway machine in which such packets were routinely used to compete for slots, rather like Christmas shoppers competing for scarce parking spaces. | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
Breidbart Index /bri:d'bart ind*ks/ A measurement of the severity of spam invented by long-time hacker Seth Breidbart, used for programming cancelbots. The Breidbart Index takes into account the fact that excessive multi-posting {EMP} is worse than excessive cross-posting {ECP}. The Breidbart Index is computed as follows: For each article in a spam, take the square-root of the number of newsgroups to which the article is posted. The Breidbart Index is the sum of the square roots of all of the posts in the spam. For example, one article posted to nine newsgroups and again to sixteen would have BI = sqrt(9) + sqrt(16) = 7. It is generally agreed that a spam is cancelable if the Breidbart Index exceeds 20. The Breidbart Index accumulates over a 45-day window. Ten articles yesterday and ten articles today and ten articles tomorrow add up to a 30-article spam. Spam fighters will often reset the count if you can convince them that the spam was accidental and/or you have seen the error of your ways and won't repeat it. Breidbart Index can accumulate over multiple authors. For example, the "Make Money Fast" pyramid scheme exceeded a BI of 20 a long time ago, and is now considered "cancel on sight". | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
brute force adj. Describes a primitive programming style, one in which the programmer relies on the computer's processing power instead of using his or her own intelligence to simplify the problem, often ignoring problems of scale and applying naive methods suited to small problems directly to large ones. The term can also be used in reference to programming style: brute-force programs are written in a heavyhanded, tedious way, full of repetition and devoid of any elegance or useful abstraction (see also {brute force and ignorance}). The {canonical} example of a brute-force algorithm is associated with the `traveling salesman problem' (TSP), a classical {NP-}hard problem: Suppose a person is in, say, Boston, and wishes to drive to N other cities. In what order should the cities be visited in order to minimize the distance travelled? The brute-force method is to simply generate all possible routes and compare the distances; while guaranteed to work and simple to implement, this algorithm is clearly very stupid in that it considers even obviously absurd routes (like going from Boston to Houston via San Francisco and New York, in that order). For very small N it works well, but it rapidly becomes absurdly inefficient when N increases (for N = 15, there are already 1,307,674,368,000 possible routes to consider, and for N = 1000 -- well, see {bignum}). Sometimes, unfortunately, there is no better general solution than brute force. See also {NP-}. A more simple-minded example of brute-force programming is finding the smallest number in a large list by first using an existing program to sort the list in ascending order, and then picking the first number off the front. Whether brute-force programming should actually be considered stupid or not depends on the context; if the problem is not terribly big, the extra CPU time spent on a brute-force solution may cost less than the programmer time it would take to develop a more `intelligent' algorithm. Additionally, a more intelligent algorithm may imply more long-term complexity cost and bug-chasing than are justified by the speed improvement. Ken Thompson, co-inventor of Unix, is reported to have uttered the epigram "When in doubt, use brute force". He probably intended this as a {ha ha only serious}, but the original Unix kernel's preference for simple, robust, and portable algorithms over {brittle} `smart' ones does seem to have been a significant factor in the success of that OS. Like so many other tradeoffs in software design, the choice between brute force and complex, finely-tuned cleverness is often a difficult one that requires both engineering savvy and delicate esthetic judgment. | |
From Jargon File (4.2.0, 31 JAN 2000) [jargon]: | |
brute force and ignorance n. A popular design technique at many software houses -- {brute force} coding unrelieved by any knowledge of how problems have been previously solved in elegant ways. Dogmatic adherence to design methodologies tends to encourage this sort of thing. Characteristic of early {larval stage} programming; unfortunately, many never outgrow it. Often abbreviated BFI: "Gak, they used a {bubble sort}! That's strictly from BFI." Compare {bogosity}. | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
breadth first search one-step extensions of current paths before trying larger extensions. This requires all current paths to be kept in memory simultaneously, or at least their end points. Opposite of {depth-first search}. See also {best first search}. (1996-01-05) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
breath-of-life packet ({XEROX PARC}) An {Ethernet} {packet} that contains {bootstrap} code, periodically sent out from a working computer to infuse the "breath of life" into any computer on the network that has crashed. Computers depending on such packets have sufficient hardware or firmware code to wait for (or request) such a packet during the reboot process. See also {dickless workstation}. The notional "kiss-of-death packet", with a function complementary to that of a breath-of-life packet, is recommended for dealing with hosts that consume too many network resources. Though "kiss-of-death packet" is usually used in jest, there is at least one documented instance of an {Internet} subnet with limited address-table slots in a gateway computer in which such packets were routinely used to compete for slots, rather like Christmas shoppers competing for scarce parking spaces. [{Jargon File}] (1995-01-26) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
broadband supporting a wide range of frequencies, typically from audio up to video frequencies. A broadband channel can carry multiple signals by dividing the total capacity into multiple, independent bandwidth channels, where each channel operates only on a specific range of frequencies. The term has come to be used for any kind of {Internet} connection with a {download} speed of more than 56 {kbaud}, usually some kind of {Digital Subscriber Line}, e.g. {ADSL}. See also {baseband}, {narrowband}. (2003-10-15) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
brute force programmer relies on the computer's processing power instead of using his own intelligence to simplify the problem, often ignoring problems of scale and applying naive methods suited to small problems directly to large ones. The term can also be used in reference to programming style: brute-force programs are written in a heavy-handed, tedious way, full of repetition and devoid of any elegance or useful abstraction (see also {brute force and ignorance}). The {canonical} example of a brute-force algorithm is associated with the "{travelling salesman problem}" (TSP), a classical {NP-hard} problem: Suppose a person is in, say, Boston, and wishes to drive to N other cities. In what order should the cities be visited in order to minimise the distance travelled? The brute-force method is to simply generate all possible routes and compare the distances; while guaranteed to work and simple to implement, this algorithm is clearly very stupid in that it considers even obviously absurd routes (like going from Boston to Houston via San Francisco and New York, in that order). For very small N it works well, but it rapidly becomes absurdly inefficient when N increases (for N = 15, there are already 1,307,674,368,000 possible routes to consider, and for N = 1000 - well, see {bignum}). Sometimes, unfortunately, there is no better general solution than brute force. See also {NP-complete}. A more simple-minded example of brute-force programming is finding the smallest number in a large list by first using an existing program to sort the list in ascending order, and then picking the first number off the front. Whether brute-force programming should actually be considered stupid or not depends on the context; if the problem is not terribly big, the extra CPU time spent on a brute-force solution may cost less than the programmer time it would take to develop a more "intelligent" algorithm. Additionally, a more intelligent algorithm may imply more long-term complexity cost and bug-chasing than are justified by the speed improvement. When applied to {cryptography}, it is usually known as {brute force attack}. {Ken Thompson}, co-inventor of {Unix}, is reported to have uttered the epigram "When in doubt, use brute force". He probably intended this as a {ha ha only serious}, but the original {Unix} {kernel}'s preference for simple, robust and portable {algorithms} over {brittle} "smart" ones does seem to have been a significant factor in the success of that {operating system}. Like so many other tradeoffs in software design, the choice between brute force and complex, finely-tuned cleverness is often a difficult one that requires both engineering savvy and delicate aesthetic judgment. [{Jargon File}] (1995-02-14) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
brute force and ignorance houses - {brute force} coding unrelieved by any knowledge of how problems have been previously solved in elegant ways. Dogmatic adherence to design methods tends to encourage this sort of thing. Characteristic of early {larval stage} programming; unfortunately, many never outgrow it. Also encountered in the variants BFMI - brute force and massive ignorance, and BFBI - brute force and bloody ignorance. "Gak, they used a {bubble sort}! That's strictly BFI." Compare {bogosity}. [{Jargon File}] (1996-06-12) | |
From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (15Feb98) [foldoc]: | |
brute force attack decrypt a specific encrypted text) by trying every possible {key}. The quicker the brute force attack, the weaker the cipher. Feasibility of brute force attack depends on the key length of the cipher, and on the amount of computational power available to the attacker. Brute force attack is impossible against the ciphers with variable-size key, such as a {one-time pad} cipher. {Breaking ciphers with many workstations (http://www.distributed.net/projects.html.en)}. (2000-01-16) | |
From Easton's 1897 Bible Dictionary [easton]: | |
Beeroth of the children of Jaakan (Deut. 10:6). The same as Bene-jaakan (Num. 33:31). |