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Pakistan
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English Dictionary: Pakistan by the DICT Development Group
2 results for Pakistan
From WordNet (r) 3.0 (2006) [wn]:
Pakistan
n
  1. a Muslim republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947
    Synonym(s): Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, West Pakistan
From The CIA World Factbook (1995) [world95]:
   Pakistan
  
   Pakistan:Geography
  
   Location: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and
   Iran
  
   Map references: Asia
  
   Area:
   total area: 803,940 sq km
   land area: 778,720 sq km
   comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California
  
   Land boundaries: total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km,
   India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km
  
   Coastline: 1,046 km
  
   Maritime claims:
   contiguous zone: 24 nm
   continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
   exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
   territorial sea: 12 nm
  
   International disputes: status of Kashmir with India; border question
   with Afghanistan (Durand Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage)
   over the Indus with upstream riparian India
  
   Climate: mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in
   north
  
   Terrain: flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest;
   Balochistan plateau in west
  
   Natural resources: land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited
   petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
  
   Land use:
   arable land: 23%
   permanent crops: 0%
   meadows and pastures: 6%
   forest and woodland: 4%
   other: 67% (1993)
  
   Irrigated land: 170,000 sq km (1992)
  
   Environment:
   current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes,
   and agricultural runoff; limited natural fresh water resources; a
   majority of the population does not have access to potable water;
   deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
   natural hazards: frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially
   in north and west; flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July
   and August)
   international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,
   Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
   Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands;
   signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine
   Life Conservation
  
   Note: controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes
   between Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
  
   Pakistan:People
  
   Population: 131,541,920 (July 1995 est.)
  
   Age structure:
   0-14 years: 44% (female 28,033,354; male 29,777,818)
   15-64 years: 52% (female 33,456,410; male 35,109,482)
   65 years and over: 4% (female 2,556,846; male 2,608,010) (July 1995
   est.)
  
   Population growth rate: 1.28% (1995 est.)
  
   Birth rate: 41.8 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
  
   Death rate: 12.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
  
   Net migration rate: -16.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
  
   Infant mortality rate: 99.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
  
   Life expectancy at birth:
   total population: 57.86 years
   male: 57.18 years
   female: 58.56 years (1995 est.)
  
   Total fertility rate: 6.35 children born/woman (1995 est.)
  
   Nationality:
   noun: Pakistani(s)
   adjective: Pakistani
  
   Ethnic divisions: Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir
   (immigrants from India and their descendents)
  
   Religions: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and
   other 3%
  
   Languages: Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of
   Pakistani elite and most government ministries), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi
   12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%, Balochi and other 9%
  
   Literacy: age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
   total population: 35%
   male: 47%
   female: 21%
  
   Labor force: 36 million
   by occupation: agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services
   17%, other 19%
   note: extensive export of labor
  
   Pakistan:Government
  
   Names:
   conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
   conventional short form: Pakistan
   former: West Pakistan
  
   Digraph: PK
  
   Type: republic
  
   Capital: Islamabad
  
   Administrative divisions: 4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital
   territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*,
   Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
   note: the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and
   Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
  
   Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
  
   National holiday: Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the
   republic)
  
   Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with
   amendments 30 December 1985
  
   Legal system: based on English common law with provisions to
   accommodate Pakistan's stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory
   ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
  
   Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and
   reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims
  
   Executive branch:
   chief of state: President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI; election last held 13
   November 1993 (next to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results
   - LEGHARI was elected by Parliament and the four provincial assemblies
  
   head of government: Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO
   cabinet: Cabinet
  
   Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)
   Senate: elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March
   1997); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP
   22, PML/N 17; Tribal Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J
   5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2, PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1,
   JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1, PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2,
   vacant 1
   National Assembly: elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held
   by October 1998); results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217
   total) PPP 92, PML/N 75, PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic Democratic Front 4, ANP
   3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP
   1, Religious minorities 10 reserved seats, independents 9, results
   pending 2
  
   Judicial branch: Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
  
   Political parties and leaders:
   government: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan
   Muslim League, Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National
   People's Party (NPP), Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami
   Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement,
   Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE Baluch; National Democratic Alliance
   (NDA), Maulana Kausar NIAZI; Pakhtun Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed
   AFZAL Khan; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar Khan BUGTI
   opposition: Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N),
   Nawaz SHARIF; Awami National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI KHAN;
   Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Balochistan National
   Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M), Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami
   Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A), Altaf HUSSAIN; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI),
   Qazi Hussain AHMED; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH)
   frequently shifting: Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ,
   the MDM includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and
   Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan (ASSP); Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz
   (IJM-Islamic Democratic Party), the IJM includes Jamiat
   Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F); Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan,
   Noorani faction (JUP/NO); Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami-ul-Haq faction
   (JUI/S); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group (PML/F); Pakistan
   National Party (PNP)
   note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
  
   Other political or pressure groups: military remains important
   political force; ulema (clergy), landowners, industrialists, and small
   merchants also influential
  
   Member of: AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT,
   IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO,
   IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO,
   NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR,
   UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL, UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO,
   WIPO, WMO, WTO
  
   Diplomatic representation in US:
   chief of mission: Ambassador Maleeha LODHI
   chancery: 2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
   telephone: [1] (202) 939-6200
   FAX: [1] (202) 387-0484
   consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
  
   US diplomatic representation:
   chief of mission: Ambassador John C. MONJO
   embassy: Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
   mailing address: P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Unit 6220,
   Islamabad; APO AE 09812-2000
   telephone: [92] (51) 826161 through 826179
   FAX: [92] (51) 214222
   consulate(s) general: Karachi, Lahore
   consulate(s): Peshawar
  
   Flag: green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of
   religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and
   star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color
   green are traditional symbols of Islam
  
   Economy
  
   Overview: The Pakistani economy has made progress in several key areas
   since Benazir BHUTTO became Prime Minister in October 1993. She has
   been under pressure from international donors and the IMF - which gave
   Pakistan a $1.3 billion structural adjustment credit in February 1994
   - to continue the economic reforms and austerity measures begun by her
   predecessor, caretaker Prime Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October
   1993). Foreign exchange reserves climbed to more than $3 billion in
   1994, and the budget deficit was substantially reduced. Real GDP
   growth was 4% in FY93/94, up from 2.3% in FY92/93. Foreign direct and
   portfolio investment also have increased. Privatization of large
   public sector utilities began in 1994 with the sale of 12% of the
   Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation (PTC) and the Water and Power
   Development Authority (WAPDA); the sale of state-owned banks and other
   large units are planned for 1995. Still, the government must cope with
   long-standing economic vulnerabilities - high levels of debt service
   and defense spending, a small tax base, a huge population, and
   dependence on cotton-based exports - which hamper its ability to
   create a stable economic environment. In addition, Pakistan's
   infrastructure is inadequate and deteriorating, low levels of literacy
   constrain industrial growth, and increasing sectarian, ethnic, and
   tribal violence disrupt production.
  
   National product: GDP - purchasing power parity - $248.5 billion (1994
   est.)
  
   National product real growth rate: 4% (1994 est.)
  
   National product per capita: $1,930 (1994 est.)
  
   Inflation rate (consumer prices): 12% (FY93/94)
  
   Unemployment rate: 10% (FY90/91 est.)
  
   Budget:
   revenues: $10.5 billion
   expenditures: $11.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1
   billion (FY93/94)
  
   Exports: $6.7 billion (1993)
   commodities: cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets
   partners: US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France
  
   Imports: $9.5 billion (1993)
   commodities: petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation
   equipment, vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals
   partners: Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea
  
   External debt: $24 billion (1993 est.)
  
   Industrial production: growth rate 5.6% (FY93/94); accounts for 18% of
   GDP
  
   Electricity:
   capacity: 10,800,000 kW (1994)
   production: 52.4 billion kWh
   consumption per capita: 389 kWh (1993)
  
   Industries: textiles, food processing, beverages, construction
   materials, clothing, paper products, shrimp
  
   Agriculture: 24% of GDP; world's largest contiguous irrigation system;
   major crops - cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables;
   livestock products - milk, beef, mutton, eggs
  
   Illicit drugs: major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the
   international drug trade; remains world's third largest opium producer
   (160 metric tons in 1994); major center for processing Afghan heroin
   and key transit area for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western
   market
  
   Economic aid:
   recipient: $2.5 billion (FY91/92); $2.5 billion (FY92/93); $2.5
   billion (FY93/94); no US commitments, includes bi- and multilateral
   aid
  
   Currency: 1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
  
   Exchange rates: Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 30.860 (January
   1995), 30.570 (1994), 28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991),
   21.707 (1990)
  
   Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June
  
   Pakistan:Transportation
  
   Railroads:
   total: 8,773 km
   broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified; 1,037 double
   track)
   narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge; 610 km less than 1.000-m gauge
   (1985)
  
   Highways:
   total: 177,410 km
   paved: 94,027 km
   unpaved: 83,383 km (1991 est.)
  
   Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas
   4,044 km (1987)
  
   Ports: Gwadar, Karachi, Ormaro (under construction), Port Muhammad bin
   Qasim
  
   Merchant marine:
   total: 30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 352,189 GRT/532,782 DWT
   ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 25, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 3
  
   Airports:
   total: 119
   with paved runways over 3,047 m: 12
   with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 21
   with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 33
   with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 14
   with paved runways under 914 m: 24
   with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 7
   with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 8
  
   Pakistan:Communications
  
   Telephone system: NA telephones; about 7 telephones/1,000 persons; the
   domestic telephone system is poor, adequate only for government and
   business use; the system for international traffic is better
   local: NA
   intercity: microwave radio relay
   international: 3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) earth
   stations; microwave radio relay
  
   Radio:
   broadcast stations: AM 19, FM 8, shortwave 0
   radios: NA
  
   Television:
   broadcast stations: 29
   televisions: NA
  
   Pakistan:Defense Forces
  
   Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard,
   paramilitary/security forces
  
   Manpower availability: males age 15-49 30,219,551; males fit for
   military service 18,544,008; males reach military age (17) annually
   1,429,719 (1995 est.)
  
   Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 5.6% of
   GDP (FY94/95)
  
  
  
No guarantee of accuracy or completeness!
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